US7437043B2 - Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser - Google Patents
Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7437043B2 US7437043B2 US11/324,759 US32475906A US7437043B2 US 7437043 B2 US7437043 B2 US 7437043B2 US 32475906 A US32475906 A US 32475906A US 7437043 B2 US7437043 B2 US 7437043B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- shape
- core
- grating
- cladding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
- G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
where Fcr is the critical force, L is the pro-compressed unguided length, and α is the effective-length factor which is 0.5 for a column perfectly fixed (rigid) and straight at both ends, where and where I=πr4/4 the inertia modulus for a circular cross section, and r is the radius of the column (or waveguide).
σ=E ε Eq. 2
where E is the Young modulus which is 7.25×104 N/mm2 for silica and ε is the axial strain which is defined by ΔL/L, where ΔL is the axial displacement and L is axial length.
where Pe is the photo-elastic coefficient which is about 0.21 for silica λ is the initial wavelength and Δλ is the wavelength shift. Substituting Eqs. 1,2,3 and taking into account that the axial stress σ is given by the applied force multiplied by the waveguide surface area, the critical length Lcr is calculated as follows:
where α is a waveguide end condition scale factor or “fixity scale factor” (discussed hereinbefore with Eq. 1) and FS is a safety scale factor. A value of α=4 for ideally fixed end conditions and α=1 for ideal pinned end conditions. We have found that a value for α of about 0.6 is representative for a waveguide with coned seat end conditions, i.e., the tapered edges 24 (30 to 60 degrees from vertical; however, other angles may be used). Other values for α may be used depending on the geometry of the end conditions, the geometry of the waveguide, e.g., dogbone or straight, discussed hereinafter, and other factors. The value for FS is set based on dimensional tolerances, reliability, repeatability, statistical data variations, and other factors.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/324,759 US7437043B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2006-01-03 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
US12/199,584 US8111963B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2008-08-27 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
US13/316,069 US8244088B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2011-12-09 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/455,868 US6982996B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 1999-12-06 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser |
US11/324,759 US7437043B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2006-01-03 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/455,868 Continuation US6982996B1 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/199,584 Division US8111963B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2008-08-27 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060171646A1 US20060171646A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
US7437043B2 true US7437043B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
Family
ID=23810572
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/455,868 Expired - Lifetime US6982996B1 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser |
US11/324,759 Expired - Fee Related US7437043B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2006-01-03 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
US12/199,584 Expired - Fee Related US8111963B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2008-08-27 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
US13/316,069 Expired - Fee Related US8244088B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2011-12-09 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/455,868 Expired - Lifetime US6982996B1 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/199,584 Expired - Fee Related US8111963B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2008-08-27 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
US13/316,069 Expired - Fee Related US8244088B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2011-12-09 | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US6982996B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1236061B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003515781A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20020084070A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1433523A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3435201A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2394910C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001040835A2 (en) |
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US6982996B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2006-01-03 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser |
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US20100255603A9 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2010-10-07 | Putnam Martin A | Method and apparatus for aligning microbeads in order to interrogate the same |
US7092160B2 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2006-08-15 | Illumina, Inc. | Method of manufacturing of diffraction grating-based optical identification element |
US20040163420A1 (en) * | 2003-01-06 | 2004-08-26 | Dowd Edward Michael | Method of fusing and stretching a large diameter optical waveguide |
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US6788851B1 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2004-09-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus and method for adjusting the spectral response of an optical waveguide grating |
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US6990274B2 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2006-01-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus and method for adjusting the spectral response of an optical waveguide grating |
US20060057729A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-03-16 | Illumina, Inc. | Diffraction grating-based encoded element having a substance disposed thereon |
US7433123B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2008-10-07 | Illumina, Inc. | Optical identification element having non-waveguide photosensitive substrate with diffraction grating therein |
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US7604173B2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2009-10-20 | Illumina, Inc. | Holographically encoded elements for microarray and other tagging labeling applications, and method and apparatus for making and reading the same |
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US10197752B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2019-02-05 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Monolithic multi-optical-waveguide penetrator or connector |
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-
1999
- 1999-12-06 US US09/455,868 patent/US6982996B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-12-05 AU AU34352/01A patent/AU3435201A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-05 WO PCT/US2000/032934 patent/WO2001040835A2/en active Application Filing
- 2000-12-05 JP JP2001542243A patent/JP2003515781A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-05 EP EP00991692.5A patent/EP1236061B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-05 CA CA2394910A patent/CA2394910C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-05 CN CN00818803A patent/CN1433523A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-05 KR KR1020027007265A patent/KR20020084070A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-01-03 US US11/324,759 patent/US7437043B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-08-27 US US12/199,584 patent/US8111963B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-12-09 US US13/316,069 patent/US8244088B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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KR20020084070A (en) | 2002-11-04 |
JP2003515781A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
US8244088B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
US20060171646A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
CA2394910C (en) | 2012-01-31 |
AU3435201A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
US20080317420A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
CN1433523A (en) | 2003-07-30 |
US8111963B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
WO2001040835A2 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
US20120082175A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
EP1236061B1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
WO2001040835A3 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
US6982996B1 (en) | 2006-01-03 |
CA2394910A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
EP1236061A2 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
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