US7120253B2 - Method and system for protecting video data - Google Patents
Method and system for protecting video data Download PDFInfo
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- US7120253B2 US7120253B2 US10/137,151 US13715102A US7120253B2 US 7120253 B2 US7120253 B2 US 7120253B2 US 13715102 A US13715102 A US 13715102A US 7120253 B2 US7120253 B2 US 7120253B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/222—Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server, cable television Head-end
- H04N21/2221—Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server, cable television Head-end being a cable television head-end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
- H04N21/26606—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel for generating or managing entitlement messages, e.g. Entitlement Control Message [ECM] or Entitlement Management Message [EMM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
- H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to protecting video data, and more particularly the present disclosure relates to protecting video data using encryption keys.
- Data protection methods such as encryption and scrambling methods are commonly implemented in devices and systems to protect data from illicit access and/or tampering.
- MPEG motion pictures experts group
- video content or data uses encryption and scrambling to prevent unauthorized accessing of the MPEG content before it is decoded.
- One type of data protection known in the communication industry includes the use of encryption keys to protect data, such as video data, from unauthorized access.
- systems that need to transmit video content over publicly accessible medium are generally required by the video content owners to protect the video content through the use of one or more protection methods.
- One such method uses scrambling to protect video content by using control words that in turn are used to generate encryption keys that are used by a client device to regenerate the control words, thereby allowing subsequent descrambling of the video content.
- Such a protection requires considerable computing bandwidth and/or the management system required to generate the encryption keys, and/or the control words used to generate the encryption keys, as well as to perform the scrambling of the video.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of reusing encryption keys in accordance with a specific embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a system for reusing encryption keys in accordance with a specific embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a portion of the system of FIG. 1 in greater detail
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of reusing encryption keys in accordance with a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a more detailed method for specific steps of the method of FIG. 4 .
- a system receives an encryption key to unprotect key protected video data.
- the video data is then modified in some manner and re-scrambled based on the received encryption key data.
- the modified video data is then retransmitted to a client along with the original encryption key.
- the client receiving the original encryption keys can de-scramble the newly generated video by using the retransmitted key, which is the same as the original key. Processing time and bandwidth associated with determining the keys is eliminated by re-transmitting the original encryption keys to the clients for reuse.
- protection In the following discussion, the terms “protection”, “encryption” and “scrambling”, and their counterparts, i.e. “decryption” and “descrambling”, are used to describe operations to render data unintelligible to an unauthorized entity.
- protection and its variations, is used broadly herein to reference any method used to render data unintelligible.
- shcrambling generally refers to using relatively efficient algorithms that use orthogonal functions such as data shifts and/or XOR operations on large amounts of data. For example, data encryption standard (DES) scrambling is often used on video data.
- DES data encryption standard
- encryption generally refers to using relatively computationally intensive algorithms that use keys to render relatively small amounts of data unintelligible.
- One example of an encryption algorithm is the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm.
- RSA Rivest-Shamir-Adleman
- FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram representing a method in accordance with the present invention.
- a key protected video data and an encryption key are received.
- the key protected video data and encryption key are received at the gateway 30 from the service provider 20 via connection 25 .
- the key protected video data is represented by the nomenclature P(SERVICE), where SERVICE represent the unprotected video content, and P indicates that the SERVICE is key protected.
- the gateway is a device that receives data, can optionally modify it, and redistribute it to its own set of clients, one example of a gateway is a video gateway that can modify and redistribute video content.
- the encryption key in FIG. 2 is included as part of the Entitlement Control Messages (ECM) and Entitlement Management Messages (EMM) indicators within connection 25 .
- ECMs and EMMs are messages that adhere to specific protocols to provide the encryption key and other information used to enable the use of encryption keys.
- the principal use of an ECM is to deliver encryption keys, such as a DES (Data Encryption Standard) key, that will enable recovering (unprotecting) the video data (SERVICE) from its key protected state (P(SERVICE)).
- the principal use of an EMM is to distribute key management information to specific clients. One use of the key management information is to identify specific clients that are permitted to unprotect, thereby accessing, the SERVICE.
- a specific EMM contains information for a specific client, while the ECM contains key information used by all clients authorized by an EMM to access the SERVICE.
- the ECM contains key information used by all clients authorized by an EMM to access the SERVICE.
- separate EMMs would generally be generated for each gateway 30 (only one shown) and each client 41 – 42 .
- a key protected modified data such as a modified video data
- the encryption key are provided.
- the key protected modified data and the encryption key are provided to clients 41 – 42 over connection 35 , which represents either a common connection or a plurality of different connections to the clients 41 – 42 .
- the connection 35 can comprise one or more connections including fiber connections, wired connection, and wireless connections for transmitting data using various transmission protocols such as Ethernet, SONET Network, and others.
- the modified key protected video data is represented in FIG.
- the protected modified video service can be unprotected using an encryption key, decoded and video images represented by the protected modified video service can be provided to a display device, such as device 44 .
- Processing time and/or hardware costs for the gateway are reduced by reusing the receive encryption key information.
- additional services can be provided by the gateway 30 with the saved bandwidth, or reduced performance hardware can be used to implement the gateway 30 .
- gateway of FIG. 2 is substantially implemented using a monolithic semiconductor device.
- a monolithic semiconductor device can include any one of a variety of monolithic semiconductor chips or circuits, such as an integrated circuit (IC), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a dual-inline package (DIP), a microprocessor, and the like.
- monolithic semiconductor device 100 can be implemented as an ASIC that is used to de-scramble scrabbled multimedia content for a motion pictures experts group (MPEG) decoder.
- MPEG motion pictures experts group
- Monolithic semiconductor devices can be formed on a silicon substrate, a gallium arsenide substrate, or using any other semiconductor fabrication technology.
- FIG. 3 illustrates in block diagram form a more detailed view of the gateway 30 .
- the gateway embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 includes information receiver 102 , key protection removal portion 104 , video stream modifier 106 , data protector 108 , storage location 114 , key manager 116 , decryptor interface connector 117 , decryptor 118 and information provider 110 .
- Information receiver 102 is coupled to storage location 114 to provide encryption key information, and to the key protection removal portion 104 to provide key protected video data.
- the storage location 114 is coupled to the key manager 116 and to the information provider 110 .
- the key manager 116 is coupled to a decryptor interface connector 117 to provide encryption key information to a decryptor 118 , which is coupled to the decryptor interface connector 117 .
- the decryptor interface connector 117 is further coupled to the key protection removal portion 104 and to data protector 108 to provide control word information based upon the encryption key information.
- the key protection removal portion 104 is coupled to the video stream modifier 106 to provide the unprotected video data (SERVICE).
- the video stream modifier 106 is coupled to the data protector 108 to provide a modified unprotected video data (P(SERVICE)).
- the data protector 108 is coupled to the information provider 110 to provide a key protected modified service.
- the information provider 110 provides the key protected modified service and encryption key information to one or more clients over a connection 35 . Operation of the gateway 30 illustrated in FIG. 3 will be discussed in greater detail with reference to the methods of FIGS. 4–6 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram representing a method in accordance with the present invention.
- a key protected video data and an encryption key are received.
- the information receiver 102 receives key protected video data from a service provider along with encryption key information, such as ECM and EMM information.
- encryption key information such as ECM and EMM information.
- the information received at the information receiver 102 will comprise digital information that has been packetized. Examples of such digital information include one or more of transport stream based digital data (QAM/QPSK) and Ethernet based digital data (IP), and other types of data conforming to various standard and/or proprietary protocols can be used.
- QAM/QPSK transport stream based digital data
- IP Ethernet based digital data
- the information receiver 102 provides the key protected video data to the key protection removal portion 104 , and the encryption key information to the storage portion 114 . It will be appreciated that the information receiver 102 can provide the key protected video data to the key protection removal portion 104 directly in streaming manner, or it can store the key protected video data in a memory location to support a subsequent access that will provide the key protection portion 104 as needed. Likewise, the information receiver 102 the can store the encryption key information directly into the storage location 114 , or buffer the encryption key information for subsequent access.
- the encryption key information storage location 114 which in one embodiment includes storage of ECM and EMM information, is coupled to the key manager 114 and to the information provider 110 . Storing the EMM/ECM information allows for the their subsequent use as part of the data stream provided over connection 35 to clients 41 through 43 as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- step 212 the key protected first video data is decoded based upon the encryption key to generate the unprotected video service (SERVICE).
- SESVICE unprotected video service
- FIG. 5 provides control information, also known as control words (CW), to the key protection removal portion 104 .
- the encryption key is decrypted to obtain a control word.
- this is accomplished by the key manager 116 providing the encryption key information, i.e. the ECM, to the decryptor 118 through the decryptor interface connector 117 .
- Encryption keys periodically change, and it is the responsibility of the key manager 116 to provide the encryption keys to the decryptor 118 in a timely manner to allow to allow decryptor 118 time to generate the control words from the encryption key in time for the key protected video data to be unprotected in a timely manner.
- the key manager 116 provides encryption keys to the decryptor 118 as soon as they are available, and the newly generated control words are accessed by the key protection removal portion as they are needed.
- the decryptor 118 is can be a proprietary decryption device, such as a smart card.
- the control information is applied to perform a desired protect or unprotect function.
- the control word is applied at the key protection removal portion 104 to unprotect the key protected video data.
- the key protection removal portion 104 is a video reconstruction portion that reconstructs protected video data from its key protected form and can be referred to as a video construction portion.
- the key protected video data is scrambled using orthogonal operations based upon the control word, and de-scrambled using the control word to implement an inverse set of orthogonal operations.
- the key protected video data can be encrypted, whereby the key protection removal portion 104 will need to use the control word to decrypt the key protected video data.
- the unprotected video data is modified to generate a second or modified unprotected video data.
- the video data (SERVICE) is received at the video stream modifier 106 , which provides the modified video data M(SERVICE), which is also unprotected.
- the modified video data can differ from the unprotected video data in any of a number of manners.
- the modified video data can be transcoded and/or transrated with respect to the video data; have a different resolution than the unprotected video data; have a different transport protocol, such as from MPEG2 TO MPEG4; have a different bit rate; have a different frame rate; have a bitmap overlay, be watermarked, or otherwise altered in any way from the unprotected video data.
- the modified data is protected based upon the encryption key received at step 211 to generate a key protected modified data.
- the control words generated based on the encryption key are provided to the data protector 108 , which acts as a video protection portion to provide the key protected modified data P(M(SERVICE)).
- the data protector 108 is a scrambler that modifies the modified data through the use of an orthogonal logic algorithm, although it will be understood that other protection schemes, such as encryption schemes could be used. This is an advantage over previously know methods, in that it is not necessary to determine a new set of control word at the gateway 30 .
- the key protected modified video data and the original encryption key are provided to clients.
- both the key protected modified video data and the received key protected video data are provided to clients.
- the information provider 110 receives the key protected modified data and the encryption key information provides them as part of a digital output stream.
- digital output stream information include one or more of transport stream based digital data (QAM/QPSK) using the TS multiplexer (MUX) 112 , and Ethernet based digital data (IP) using network interface card 111 , though other types of data conforming to various standard and/or proprietary protocols can be used.
- Information provider 110 further includes a transmitter 113 which can include a line driver or a wireless transmitter to transmit the digital output stream using a wireless connection or protocol.
- a wireless Ethernet protocol such as 802.11 or one of its derivatives (i.e. 802.11b and 802.11a) can be used to transmit the information.
- the gateway 30 can provide newly received ECM information directly to the clients 41 – 43 . This can be accomplished by transmitting the received ECM packet, without modification, to the clients 41 – 43 as soon as transport stream bandwidth is available. Even though the new encryption key has been sent, as part of the ECM packet, it will not be used by the clients to unprotect data until the gateway 30 transmits a transport stream that includes a scramble control flag that indicates to the clients 41 – 43 that the new encryption key is to be used. The switched scramble control flag is sent over the transport stream immediately prior to key protected modified video data that was protected using the new key is sent.
- the gateway 30 It is possible to reuse the received ECM and EMM packets, thereby eliminating the amount of overhead needed by the gateway 30 to generate and maintain encryption key information.
- the EMM and ECMs will be presented to clients in the same order in which they are received. However, it is possible to mix the order, as long as the key manager 116 and information provider 110 operate to assure the encryption key information used to protect data is available at the client before the protected data using that encryption key is sent. Also, it is possible for other information associated with received EMMs and ECMs to be modified before providing them to the clients, however it is generally advantageous to reuse the receive EMMs and ECMs without change. However, where a common protocol is being maintained, it will generally be advantageous to maintain the original EMM and ECM packet information.
- a different data stream protocol can be used at the input of gateway 30 than at the output of gateway 30 .
- the various components such as the key manager 116 and information provider 110 , will need to operate in a coordinated manner that supports the conversion.
- the encryption key portion of the ECM information may need to be extracted and transported to a client using a different protocol.
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/137,151 US7120253B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2002-05-02 | Method and system for protecting video data |
TW092109442A TWI313132B (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2003-04-23 | Method and system for protecting video data |
PCT/CA2003/000623 WO2003094510A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2003-04-28 | Method and system for protecting video data |
AU2003221576A AU2003221576A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2003-04-28 | Method and system for protecting video data |
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US10/137,151 US7120253B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2002-05-02 | Method and system for protecting video data |
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US7120253B2 true US7120253B2 (en) | 2006-10-10 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030206636A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
TW200308168A (en) | 2003-12-16 |
AU2003221576A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
WO2003094510A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
TWI313132B (en) | 2009-08-01 |
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