US6774722B2 - Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers - Google Patents
Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers Download PDFInfo
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- US6774722B2 US6774722B2 US10/273,072 US27307202A US6774722B2 US 6774722 B2 US6774722 B2 US 6774722B2 US 27307202 A US27307202 A US 27307202A US 6774722 B2 US6774722 B2 US 6774722B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150012579 ADSL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100020775 Adenylosuccinate lyase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700040193 Adenylosuccinate lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010755 BS 2869 Class G Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
- H03F1/083—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/086—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements in transistor amplifiers with FET's
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
- H03F3/45632—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection in differential amplifiers with FET transistors as the active amplifying circuit
- H03F3/45636—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection in differential amplifiers with FET transistors as the active amplifying circuit by using feedback means
- H03F3/45641—Measuring at the loading circuit of the differential amplifier
- H03F3/45659—Controlling the loading circuit of the differential amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
- H03F3/45928—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit
- H03F3/45932—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit by using feedback means
- H03F3/45937—Measuring at the loading circuit of the differential amplifier
- H03F3/45946—Controlling the loading circuit of the differential amplifier
Definitions
- the invention relates to differential amplifiers, and more particularly, to frequency compensation of common-mode feedback circuits where the common-mode loop includes a number of gain stages.
- Operational amplifiers having a differential output require an accurate common-mode feedback loop in order to set the common-mode output voltage of the amplifier.
- the basic principle of operation for a common-mode feedback circuit is that the common-mode voltage is sensed and compared to a reference thereby generating a difference or “error” signal. The error signal is fed back into the main amplifier, and the common-mode of the amplifier is set equal to the reference voltage. The error is therefore eliminated.
- the common-mode voltage is sensed and compared to a reference by a differential pair.
- the resulting common-mode error signal is fed back to the operational amplifier by means of a current mirror.
- this conventional common-mode feedback implementation does not have enough gain, particularly in sub-micron processes. Thus, in the case of such processes, a common-source gain stage can be added.
- the loop is compensated by introducing a zero in the loop transfer function at the gate of the common-source gain stage.
- the capacitor of the zero is physically large, and therefore occupies a large die area.
- the bandwidth of the loop is considerably decreased due to the zero.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a circuit for performing frequency compensation of a common-mode feedback loop for a differential amplifier.
- the circuit comprises a sensing network operatively coupled to a differential output of the differential amplifier, for sensing a common-mode voltage output by the differential amplifier.
- a comparing network e.g., a differential pair
- a current inverter is operatively coupled to the differential sensing circuit for inverting the error signal.
- a gain stage is operatively coupled to the current inverter and the differential amplifier for providing a gain adjusted error signal to the differential amplifier.
- a pole-split network e.g., a capacitor
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for performing frequency compensation of a common-mode feedback loop for a differential amplifier.
- the method comprises sensing a common-mode voltage output by a differential amplifier using a sensing network, comparing the sensed common-mode voltage with a reference to provide a common-mode error signal to the differential amplifier via a feedback path including a gain stage, and compensating for changes in the frequency characteristic of the common-mode feedback loop due to the gain stage using a pole-split network.
- the present invention provides an improvement over conventional common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers that use pole-zero cancellation techniques by including a pole-split network in the common-mode feedback loop.
- the pole-split network enables the use of smaller capacitors in the circuit design, resulting in a robust design that is tolerant to parameter variations and also allows the common-mode feedback loop to have a high bandwidth.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the feedback circuit 100 includes a common-mode sensing circuit 102 , a differential sensing circuit 104 , a current inverter 106 , a pole-split network 108 and a gain stage 110 .
- the common-mode sensing circuit 102 is coupled to the outputs of a differential amplifier 112 , for sensing the common-mode voltage of the differential amplifier 112 .
- the common-mode sensing circuit 102 is coupled to the differential sensing circuit 104 and provides the differential sensing circuit 104 with the sensed common-mode voltage.
- the differential sensing circuit 104 compares the common-mode voltage with a reference voltage and generates an error signal in response to a difference between the common-mode voltage and the reference voltage.
- the error signal is provided to the differential amplifier 112 via current inverter 106 and gain stage 110 .
- the feedback circuit 100 can be adapted to provide voltage feedback with voltage subtraction, current feedback with current subtraction, voltage feedback with current subtraction and current feedback with voltage subtraction.
- the current inverter 106 has low input impedance and high output impedance and an inverting current transfer between the input and the output.
- the error signal received by the differential amplifier is used to null out the common-mode voltage.
- the pole-split network 108 is coupled between the common-mode sensing circuit 102 and the current inverter 106 and compensates the common-mode loop by splitting the two dominant poles of the feedback circuit to provide a single pole frequency response.
- the common-mode sensing circuit 102 can be a pair of resistors
- the differential sensing circuit 104 can be a differential pair
- the current inverter 106 can be current mirror
- the gain stage 110 can be a common-source stage
- the pole-split network 108 can be a capacitor, as described below with respect to FIG. 2 .
- the pole-split network 108 can include active inversion components, allowing the current inverter to be removed or replaced with a conventional current source (e.g., Wilson, Widlar).
- a conventional current source e.g., Wilson, Widlar
- the pole-split network can be reconfigured to adjust for changes in the frequency characteristics of the loop.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a common-mode feedback circuit 200 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the common-mode feedback circuit 200 includes a differential amplifier 10 having its differential output coupled to a sensing network 202 (C 1 , C 2 , R 0 , and R 1 ).
- the common-mode voltage (VCM) is sensed by two resistors (R 0 and R 1 ) and compared to a reference (REF) by a differential pair 204 (M 0 and M 1 ).
- the resulting common-mode error signal (VCMCONTROL) is fed back to the operational amplifier 10 by a current mirror 206 (M 2 and M 3 ) and a common-source gain stage 208 (M 4 ) that is coupled to the current mirror 206 .
- the loop is compensated using a pole-split network 210 comprising a feedback capacitor C 0 , which is connected between the common-mode sense node (designated VCM) and the current mirror 206 .
- VCM common-mode sense node
- the differential amplifier 10 can be a conventional differential amplifier.
- the resistor, capacitors, and transistors can each be implemented with generally available components. The specific types of components and their respective ratings will vary depending on factors such as the intended application, and the desired level of performance and accuracy.
- the circuit is configured as follows:
- VDD 5 volts DC
- VSS 0 volts DC
- Diff Amp 10 differential pair
- R0/R1 2.5 Kohms
- C1/C2 1.5 pF
- C0 2.0 pF
- M0/M1 CMOS FET [e.g., 20 microns width and 2 microns length]
- M2/M3 CMOS FET [e.g., 50 microns width and 1 micron length]
- M4 CMOS FET [e.g., 150 microns width and 0.75 micron length]
- VREF/REF 2.5 volts DC
- I1 80 u amps.
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- Bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- BiCMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- One application for a common-mode feedback circuit 200 configured in accordance with the present invention includes, for example, line drivers for xDSL modems (e.g., ADSL).
- line drivers for xDSL modems e.g., ADSL
- Other applications will be apparent in light of this disclosure (e.g., integrator circuits, sample and hold circuits, and audio equalizer circuits).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detailed implementation of an amplifier 300 with common-mode feedback loop, configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the differential amplifier 10 mimics the input stage of the amplifier 300 , while the voltage sources V 1 and V 2 mimic typical class-AB control circuits.
- the circuit includes a sensing network 302 (R 0 , R 1 , C 5 , and C 6 ), a differential pair 304 (M 0 and M 1 ), a current mirror 306 (M 2 and M 3 ), two common source stages 308 , 310 (M 4 and M 9 ), and a differential stage 312 , 314 (M 5 /M 6 and M 7 /M 8 ).
- a pole-split network 316 comprising a feedback capacitor C 0 is connected between the common-mode sense node and the current mirror 306 provides loop compensation.
- the circuit is configured as follows:
- the sensing network 302 can be replaced by other sensing circuits (e.g., sense resistors only).
- the differential pair 304 can be replaced by other comparison circuits, such as comparators or be augmented with cascodes.
- the feedback path illustrated in FIG. 3 includes a current mirror 306 and two common-source gain stages 308 and 310 , alternative feedback circuitry may be employed (e.g., common-mode gain stages only, cascodes added to the current mirror). Components types and values will vary depending on the particular application and desired performance.
- the operation of the frequency compensation technique can be understood as follows.
- the common-source stages 308 , 310 , together with the output stages 312 , 314 , of the amplifier 300 form a two-stage amplifier for the common-feedback loop.
- This loop introduces two dominant poles in the loop transfer function, one contributed by the output of the amplifier 300 (C 5 , C 6 , R 0 , and R 1 ), and the other contributed by the gates of the output transistors M 5 through M 8 (C 1 through C 4 , respectively).
- the pole contributed by the output of the amplifier 300 is formed by the common-mode load resistance and capacitor combination.
- the pole at the positive output (Vop) is formed by R 0 and C 5
- the pole at the negative output (Von) is formed by R 1 and C 6 .
- the two poles are split by the Miller capacitors, C 1 -C 2 and C 3 -C 4 .
- gm 5,6,7,8 is the total transconductance of the output stages
- CM 1,2,3,4 is the total Miller capacitance
- gm 4,9 is the transconductance of the common source stages, M 4 and M 9 .
- Miller capacitors C 1 -C 4 are also used for compensating the signal path of the amplifier 300 .
- the value of capacitors C 1 -C 4 is determined by the signal path.
- the required unity-gain frequency needs to be set by the transconductance of the common-source stages 308 , 310 .
- gmo 0,1 is the transconductance of the differential pair, M 0 -M 1 . It is assumed that the zero introduced by the parallel connection of R 0 and C 5 is much higher (e.g., 5 times or higher) than the unity-gain frequency of the outer loop.
- gm 2 is the transconductance of transistor M 2 .
- this pole In order not to interfere with the frequency response of the common-mode loop, this pole is dimensioned such that it is at much higher (e.g., 5 times or higher) frequencies than the unity-gain frequency of the outer loop. If the latter condition is not fulfilled, complex poles might arise thereby resulting in an undesired peaking. However, these poles can be damped by putting a small capacitor (e.g., same as C 0 ) between the gate of common-source stages 308 , 310 , and signal ground.
- a small capacitor e.g., same as C 0
- Miller capacitor, C 0 can be relatively small and the bandwidth of the common-mode loop can be relatively large as compared to conventional techniques. For example, compared to a zero compensation configuration, capacitor area can readily be reduced by a factor of 5 to 10, even when an additional damping capacitor is necessary to minimize undesired peaking. In addition, this compensation scheme is more robust against parameter variations than conventional configurations.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a common-mode feedback circuit 400 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- the pole-split network 402 is split into two components, and is represented by capacitors C 0 and C 3 (e.g., 1.0 pF each as opposed to one capacitor of 2.0 pF as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 ). These two capacitors are connected to the differential outputs, Von and Vop, respectively.
- the common-mode sense resistors R 0 and R 1 are bypassed which gives an enhanced frequency response for some applications.
- Such bypassing may be desirable, for example, in applications where the common-mode resistors R 0 and R 1 are large, such as in amplifiers driving a purely capacitive load (e.g., switch capacitor).
- FIG. 5 illustrates a common-mode feedback circuit 500 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment employs a combination between two techniques, conventional zero compensation and feedback compensation in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
- a portion of the frequency compensation is accomplished by the pole-split network 502 (e.g., feedback capacitor C 0 ), while the remainder of the compensation is accomplished by a compensating network 504 (R 3 and C 3 ), which contributes a zero to the loop transfer function.
- R 3 is approximately 800 ohms and C 3 is 5 pF.
- Example values of the other components are as previously indicated.
- This combinational approach can provide enhanced frequency performance for some applications since the zero can provide additional phase margin.
- Such applications might include, for example, those where a high bandwidth in the common-mode loop is needed, or where the common-mode voltages are changing rather quickly, in class-G amplifiers.
- capacitor C 3 can be smaller than in a conventional configuration, and therefore requires less physical space in the circuit.
- resistor R 3 is set to zero, capacitor C 3 serves as damping capacitor to prevent undesired peaking as previously discussed.
- Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in a number of ways.
- the disclosed techniques for performing frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers can be implemented in an integrated circuit, chip set, or other discrete package using a variety of IC processes (e.g., CMOS, BiCMOS, Bipolar, etc.).
- the disclosed techniques can be implemented on a printed circuit board or line card (e.g., POTS line card or DSL modem card).
- a printed circuit board or line card e.g., POTS line card or DSL modem card.
Abstract
Description
VDD = | 5 volts DC; |
VSS = | 0 volts DC; |
|
differential pair; |
R0/R1 = | 2.5 Kohms |
C1/C2 = | 1.5 pF; |
C0 = | 2.0 pF; |
M0/M1 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 20 microns width and 2 microns |
length]; | |
M2/M3 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 50 microns width and 1 micron |
length]; | |
M4 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 150 microns width and 0.75 micron |
length]; | |
VREF/REF = | 2.5 volts DC; and |
I1 = | 80 u amps. |
VDD = | 5 volts DC; |
VSS = | 0 volts DC; |
|
differential pair; |
R0/R1 = | 2.5 Kohms; |
C1/C2/C3/C4 = | 2.0 pF; |
C0 = | 2.0 pF; |
M0/M1 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 20 microns width and 2 microns |
length]; | |
M2/M3 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 50 microns width and 1 micron |
length]; | |
M4 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 150 microns width and 0.75 micron |
length]; | |
VREF/REF = | 2.5 volts DC; |
C5/C6 = | 1.5 pF; |
M5/M6 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 15000 microns width and 0.3 micron |
length]; | |
M7/M8 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 6600 microns width and 0.35 micron |
length]; | |
M4/M9 = | CMOS FET [e.g., 150 microns width and 0.75 micron |
length]; | |
I1 = | 80 uA; and |
I2/I3 = | 1 mA. |
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/273,072 US6774722B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers |
AU2003301475A AU2003301475A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-15 | Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers |
PCT/US2003/032728 WO2004036741A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-15 | Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/273,072 US6774722B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040075502A1 US20040075502A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
US6774722B2 true US6774722B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
Family
ID=32092726
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/273,072 Expired - Fee Related US6774722B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | Frequency compensation of common-mode feedback loops for differential amplifiers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6774722B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003301475A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004036741A1 (en) |
Cited By (27)
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US20040056717A1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2004-03-25 | Broadcom Corporation | Current-controlled CMOS wideband data amplifier circuits |
US20040189392A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-09-30 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Voltage control circuit for common mode voltage and method for controlling the same |
US20040239425A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-12-02 | Fujitsu Limited | Common-mode feedback circuit and differential operational amplifier circuit having stable operation and low power consumption |
US20050134382A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-06-23 | Anderson Thomas R. | Amplifier circuit with common mode feedback |
US20050168285A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-04 | Realtek Semiconductor Corp. | Output impedance control circuit and control method thereof |
US7019562B1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-03-28 | Xilinx, Inc. | Method and apparatus for locally regulated circuit |
US20060197513A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-07 | Tang Xiaohu | Low drop-out voltage regulator with common-mode feedback |
US20070120595A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Increasing the common mode range of a circuit |
US20070188231A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-16 | Amit Kumar Gupta | Multi-Path Common Mode Feedback for High Speed Multi-Stage Amplifiers |
US7279981B1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-10-09 | Cypress Semiconductor Corp. | Compensation method for low voltage, low power unity gain amplifier |
US20070241793A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2007-10-18 | Intersil Americas Inc. | Current feedback amplifiers |
US20070279132A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | Wood Neil E | Apparatus for biasing a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor differential amplifier |
US20080048778A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-02-28 | Realtek Semiconductor Corp. | Amplifier with common-mode feedback circuit |
US20080136464A1 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method of fabricating bipolar transistors and high-speed lvds driver with the bipolar transistors |
US20080157873A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fully differential amplification device |
US20080186061A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-07 | Kenet, Inc. | Common-mode insensitive sampler |
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US7504888B1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-03-17 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Internally compensated differential amplifier |
US20090115523A1 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Panasonic Corporation | Discrete time amplifier circuit and analog-digital converter |
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US20100039142A1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Hynix Semiconductor Inc. | Input buffer circuit of semiconductor apparatus |
US20120313703A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Restoring output common-mode of amplifier via capacitive coupling |
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-
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- 2003-10-15 WO PCT/US2003/032728 patent/WO2004036741A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-15 AU AU2003301475A patent/AU2003301475A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US5008632A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-04-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Temperature compensated feedback circuit for setting and stabilizing amplifier DC bias points |
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US20040056717A1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2004-03-25 | Broadcom Corporation | Current-controlled CMOS wideband data amplifier circuits |
US7109799B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2006-09-19 | Broadcom Corporation | Current-controlled CMOS wideband data amplifier circuits |
US20040239425A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-12-02 | Fujitsu Limited | Common-mode feedback circuit and differential operational amplifier circuit having stable operation and low power consumption |
US6998917B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2006-02-14 | Fujitsu Limited | Common-mode feedback circuit and differential operational amplifier circuit having stable operation and low power consumption |
US7126425B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-10-24 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Voltage control circuit for common mode voltage and method for controlling the same |
US20040189392A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-09-30 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Voltage control circuit for common mode voltage and method for controlling the same |
US7279981B1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-10-09 | Cypress Semiconductor Corp. | Compensation method for low voltage, low power unity gain amplifier |
US7019562B1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-03-28 | Xilinx, Inc. | Method and apparatus for locally regulated circuit |
US20050134382A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-06-23 | Anderson Thomas R. | Amplifier circuit with common mode feedback |
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US20050168285A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-04 | Realtek Semiconductor Corp. | Output impedance control circuit and control method thereof |
US7330075B2 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2008-02-12 | Realtek Semiconductor Corp. | Output impedance control circuit and control method thereof |
US7358777B2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2008-04-15 | Intersil Americas Inc. | Current feedback amplifiers |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20040075502A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
WO2004036741B1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
WO2004036741A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
AU2003301475A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
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