US6461301B2 - Resonance based pressure transducer system - Google Patents
Resonance based pressure transducer system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6461301B2 US6461301B2 US09/810,415 US81041501A US6461301B2 US 6461301 B2 US6461301 B2 US 6461301B2 US 81041501 A US81041501 A US 81041501A US 6461301 B2 US6461301 B2 US 6461301B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resonance
- pressure transducer
- transducer system
- sensor
- source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
Links
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000012623 in vivo measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001105 femoral artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/6851—Guide wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to devices for measuring physiological pressures, and in particular to such devices and systems employing resonance as the vehicle for information transmission.
- a sensor of very small size is mounted on a guide wire, which is inserted in e.g. the femoral artery and guided to the desired point of measurement, e.g. a coronary vessel.
- a pressure sensor onto a guide wire suitable for the type of measurements mentioned above.
- the first and foremost problem is to make the sensor sufficiently small.
- the number of electrical connections and leads should be minimized, in order to obtain a sufficiently flexible guide wire which can be guided to the desired location through the coronary vessels without too much difficulty.
- One way of eliminating the electrical leads and connections is to employ a resonance sensor which reacts on external stimuli in the form of e.g. ultrasonic energy by emitting a resonance frequency that can be correlated to pressure prevailing in the environment where the sensor is located.
- a resonance sensor which reacts on external stimuli in the form of e.g. ultrasonic energy by emitting a resonance frequency that can be correlated to pressure prevailing in the environment where the sensor is located.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,997 (Kaplan). It relates to a passive sensor system using ultrasonic energy, and comprises an implantable sensor capable of responding to ultrasound by emitting a resonance that is detectable and which varies in accordance with the variations of a selected physical variable.
- a drawback with these systems is that they require an external source of ultrasonic energy, which is located outside the body in the vicinity of the measurement location. It makes the systems bulky and it may be difficult to accurately know the position of the resonance sensor inside the body, and thus the quality of the signal can be less than optimal.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a system that overcomes the drawbacks indicated above.
- a resonance pressure transducer system as described below.
- a resonance sensor is arranged in close proximity to, preferably mounted on, a source of ultrasonic energy, e.g. a piezo-electric crystal capable of generating oscillations in the frequency range 10 kHz to 100 MHz.
- the system is provided on a wire, e.g. a guide wire, to facilitate insertion into the body of a patient.
- a wire e.g. a guide wire
- a pressure measurement system comprising an AC power supply; a resonance based pressure transducer system; and a control unit for controlling the supply mode of the AC power, and for analyzing a resonance signal emitted from the resonance based pressure transducer system.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a system according to the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of a system according to the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment of a system according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a sensor/energy source assembly according to the invention
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b show typical waveforms for excitation and detection
- FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a system comprising the invention.
- mechanical coupling or “mechanically coupled” shall be taken to encompass any connection between two elements that permits the transfer of vibrations, particularly in the ultrasonic range, from one element to another.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically the inventive idea, namely the provision of a resonance sensor 2 responding to ultrasonic energy by resonating at a selected frequency, the resonating frequency of which being subject to a frequency shift when the sensor is exposed to a pressure differential. It also comprises a source 4 of ultrasonic energy located in close proximity to said sensor. The amount of energy stored by the resonator is very small. Therefore it is essential that the distance between the source and the resonator is very small, in order to enable a reasonable detection level. The longer the spacing between the two is, the more difficult it will be to detect the resonance.
- the senor and energy source are both attached to the distal end portion of a core wire 6 running inside a guide wire, suitably of the order of 1.5 m in length, in order to enable that they be easily inserted into the body of a patient, and manipulated to a measurement site.
- the guide wire comprises a proximal tube 9 , a coil 11 for providing flexibility, and at the distal end portion it comprises the sensor assembly 2 , 4 , mounted on the core wire 6 .
- the sensor is preferably enclosed in a protective tube segment 12 with an aperture 13 , such that the surrounding medium will have access to the resonance sensor 2 . Attached to the distal end of the tube segment 12 is a second coil 15 .
- the ultrasonic source is electrically energized by the supply of a high-frequency AC voltage, e.g. at 10 kHz-100 MHz and 1-100 V.
- the electrical energy is supplied via electrical leads 8 , 10 .
- the core wire 6 could be used as one lead if desired, in order to bring down the number of leads to one.
- the source of ultrasonic energy preferably consists of a plate of piezoelectric material, e.g. lead zirconate titanate (PZT), adhesively bonded to a flat surface of the guide wire 6 .
- the plate 4 will include electrodes 21 , 22 attached to at least two of its surfaces and connected to the leads 8 and 10 . Upon application of an AC voltage between these electrodes, mechanical vibrations synchronous with the applied AC frequency will be generated in the plate 4 . These vibrations will propagate via the guide wire 6 to the resonance sensor 2 .
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- the wire 6 may consist of the core wire of a guide wire assembly as stated above, but may also be any elongated member, housing the resonance sensor 2 and the PZT element 4 .
- it may consist of a thin wire functioning as an antenna for wireless communication between the PZT element 4 and an external electronic unit.
- FIG. 2 another embodiment is shown, for simplicity without electrical leads and protective tube.
- the resonance sensor 2 is attached on top of the piezo-oscillator 4 . In this way there is an intimate contact between the source of ultrasonic energy and the resonating structure, whereby a very efficient energy transfer is obtained.
- a third variant is also conceivable, where the sensor 2 and the energy source 4 are connected end-to-end to each other, as shown in FIG. 3 .
- the preferred embodiment is the one shown in FIG. 2.
- a preferred structure of sensor/energy source assembly is illustrated in some detail, although schematically, in FIG. 4 .
- a piezo-electric element (or crystal) 4 is provided, on a surface of which a resonance unit 2 is mounted in intimate contact therewith.
- the resonance unit is attached by means of a non-damping mechanical coupling, i.e. the energy emitted by the piezo-electric element must not be absorbed in the connection area to any significant extent.
- the resonance unit comprises a cell 14 , having a bottom and side walls, forming a box-like structure. The open end of the box 14 is closed by a thin membrane 18 .
- a resonant beam structure 16 that can have various different shapes, such as a thin membrane like shape, the geometry of which also can be varied.
- the beam 16 is attached at one end to a cell wall, and the other end is attached to a suspension element 20 , which is attached to the membrane 18 .
- the beam 16 has a unique resonance frequency, the value of which varies in dependence of the strain in the material constituting the beam.
- the membrane In response to a pressure change in the environment surrounding the sensor 2 , which causes a change in pressure differential across the membrane 18 , the membrane will either deflect inwards or outwards, and thereby cause the beam 16 also to deflect accordingly, since it is connected to the membrane via the suspension element 20 .
- the chamber or cavity 23 housing the beam 16 is preferably evacuated in order to minimize viscous damping of the resonant vibrations of the resonance unit 2 .
- the quality factor Q of the resonance defined as the ratio between the reactive and dissipative energy of the vibrations, should be as high as possible in order to provide adequate measurement accuracy.
- An optimized design and construction of the resonance sensor 2 using silicon micro-machining techniques, will typically yield a Q value of 10 or more, preferably 50 or more, most preferably 100 or more.
- the ultra sound source is a unit made of PZT, which commonly is amorphous, or polycrystalline.
- the source is used for both “excitation” and “listening”, i.e. it transmits energy to cause resonance in the resonator, and it also receives energy of the resonance frequency from the resonating beam in the sensor via the “box” structure, thereby generating an output signal that is detected.
- the excitation waveform is a burst of sine waves.
- a preferable excitation frequency is 1 MHz, and the burst consists of 10-1000 periods, depending on the quality factor Q of the resonator. A larger number of periods is more desired when the quality factor Q is high, because a larger oscillation amplitude is induced.
- FIG. 5 b depicts such a build-up of the oscillations.
- the burst of sine waves according to FIG. 5 is followed by a relaxation period until the next burst.
- the relaxation periods are preferably longer than the duration of the bursts.
- a first preferred mode is thus to excite the PZT unit with short pulses of applied voltage.
- excitation comprises a very broad spectrum of excitation frequencies (ideally a short pulse, with a duration not exceeding the period of time corresponding to the resonance frequency of the resonance sensor 2 ).
- excitation frequencies ideally a short pulse, with a duration not exceeding the period of time corresponding to the resonance frequency of the resonance sensor 2 .
- the PZT unit will be affected by the resonance energy from the resonator, and a voltage will be generated in the unit.
- the change in voltage response caused by the vibrating crystal when exposed to a pressure differential compared to the response at nominal pressure is measured, and can be converted into a pressure value.
- the actual nominal resonance frequency of the resonance sensor at standard conditions e.g. 25° C. and 1 bar pressure is determined during manufacturing.
- continuous sine wave excitation can be used. If the sine wave excitation is swept continuously in a frequency range encompassing the resonance frequency of the sensor 2 , then the resonance will manifest itself as a sharp peak of the mechanical load of the PZT element 4 . In turn, this will influence the electrical impedance of the PZT element which may be measured remotely by the connecting leads 8 , 10 .
- a complete system for pressure measurements will include an AC power source capable of delivering output voltages in a controlled manner.
- This control is provided by a suitable control unit such as a computer, programmed for a number of excitation options.
- the excitation mode can be selected to suit the particular measurement at hand.
- the piezo-electric device is energized with an AC voltage at a suitable frequency in the range 10 kHz to 100 MHz. It generates an ultrasonic wave hitting the resonator (beam) inside the sensor box structure which begins to vibrate at its resonance frequency. If the membrane in the sensor structure is subjected to a pressure different from ambient, it will be deflected, thereby causing the resonator to experience some strain, which will change the resonance frequency. The excitation voltage is switched off, and the piezo-electric element will be exposed to the decaying resonance output from the resonator, thereby producing a piezo-electric voltage of the same frequency as the vibrating resonator, that is detectable, and that can be correlated to the pressure differential.
- the piezo-electric element must be capable of detecting the entire dynamic frequency range that the resonating beam in the sensor generates due to pressure changes, e.g. 1 atm+/ ⁇ 500 mm Hg.
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/810,415 US6461301B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-03-19 | Resonance based pressure transducer system |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP00850051.4 | 2000-03-21 | ||
EP00850051 | 2000-03-21 | ||
EP00850051A EP1136036B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2000-03-21 | Resonance based pressure transducer system |
US19934900P | 2000-04-25 | 2000-04-25 | |
US09/810,415 US6461301B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-03-19 | Resonance based pressure transducer system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010037066A1 US20010037066A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
US6461301B2 true US6461301B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
Family
ID=8175651
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/810,415 Expired - Lifetime US6461301B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-03-19 | Resonance based pressure transducer system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6461301B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1136036B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE232695T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60001445T2 (en) |
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JP2001286447A (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-10-16 | Radi Medical Systems Ab | Resonance based pressure transducer system |
US20040211260A1 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-10-28 | Doron Girmonsky | Methods and devices for determining the resonance frequency of passive mechanical resonators |
US20050012398A1 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-01-20 | Chris And Tom, Llc | Method and system for providing an activation signal based on a received RF signal |
US20050049499A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-03 | Shay Kaplan | Method for protecting resonating sensors and protected resonating sensors |
WO2005024367A2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-17 | Microsense Cardiovascular Systems 1996 | A method and system for calibrating resonating pressure sensors and calibratable resonating pressure sensors |
US20050124896A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-06-09 | Jacob Richter | Method for protecting implantable sensors and protected implantable sensors |
US20050268724A1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-08 | Radi Medical Systems Ab | Sensor and guide wire assembly |
US20050288590A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-29 | Shay Kaplan | Method for protecting resonating sensors and open protected resonating sensors |
US7236092B1 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2007-06-26 | Joy James A | Passive sensor technology incorporating energy storage mechanism |
US7380459B1 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2008-06-03 | Irvine Sensors Corp. | Absolute pressure sensor |
US20080132806A1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2008-06-05 | Radi Medical Systems Ab | Sensor and guide wire assembly |
US20090277275A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Korea Research Institute Of Standards And Science | Apparatus for measuring pressure using acoustic impedance variation |
US20100312102A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2010-12-09 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Systems, devices, and methods for accessing body tissue |
US20110118601A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2011-05-19 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Nonprofit Corporation | Ultrasound Guided Systems and Methods |
US20110160620A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-30 | Tenex Health, Inc. | System and method for minimally invasive tissue treatment |
WO2011092190A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | St Jude Medical Systems Ab | Medical guide wire assembly |
US20110201906A1 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-18 | St. Jude Medical Systems Ab | Medical guide wire assembly |
US20110283801A1 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Low cost resonator-based pressure transducer |
US8766790B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2014-07-01 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Wireless identification of a component of a pressure support system |
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US9038263B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2015-05-26 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Thickness shear mode resonator sensors and methods of forming a plurality of resonator sensors |
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- 2000-03-21 DE DE60001445T patent/DE60001445T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-21 AT AT00850051T patent/ATE232695T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-21 EP EP00850051A patent/EP1136036B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-19 US US09/810,415 patent/US6461301B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (79)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001286447A (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-10-16 | Radi Medical Systems Ab | Resonance based pressure transducer system |
US20050012398A1 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-01-20 | Chris And Tom, Llc | Method and system for providing an activation signal based on a received RF signal |
US7106188B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2006-09-12 | Goggin Christopher M | Method and system for providing an activation signal based on a received RF signal |
US20040211260A1 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-10-28 | Doron Girmonsky | Methods and devices for determining the resonance frequency of passive mechanical resonators |
US7134341B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2006-11-14 | Zuli Holdings Ltd | Methods and devices for determining the resonance frequency of passive mechanical resonators |
US20050124896A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-06-09 | Jacob Richter | Method for protecting implantable sensors and protected implantable sensors |
US20050049499A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-03 | Shay Kaplan | Method for protecting resonating sensors and protected resonating sensors |
US8162839B2 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2012-04-24 | Microtech Medical Technologies Ltd. | Protected passive resonating sensors |
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EP1136036B1 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
US20010037066A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
ATE232695T1 (en) | 2003-03-15 |
DE60001445D1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
DE60001445T2 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
EP1136036A1 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
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