US605228A - Electric-arc lamp - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. W.l HOCHHAUSEN.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

1 nnnnnnn vs versus co. Pham-uma., wAsumGmN nv c (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. HOCHHAUSEN. ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

No. 805,228. Pa; med June 7, 1898.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(NO Model.)

W. HOCHHAUSEN.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

` ted June 7,1898.

TH: Nonms PETERS co., PHQTOMTHQ. wAsmNaToN. D c

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

W. HOOHHAUSEN. ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

No. 605,228. Patented June 7,1898.

(No Model.)

W. HOCHHAUSEN. ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

5 Sheetsf-Sheet A5.

No. 605,228, Patented June '7, 1898.

I :wi

` UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLAM llOOl'llIAUSEN, OF BROOKLYN, NEVYYORK.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatentNo. 605,228, datedJ une '7, 1898.

Application filed January 22, 1897. Serial No. 620,222. (No model.) n

To all whom, it may concern:

` Be it known that I, WILLIAM IAIocHHAUsEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improved Arc-Lamp, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and particularly to that class of arc-lamps wherein both carbons are moved and the arc is maintained at a fixed spot.

The invention has for one of its objects a construction whereby an exceedingly even and positive feeding of the carbons may be produced and the feeding mechanism guarded against destruction by abnormal strength of current and whereby the lamp may be completely shuntedwhen the carbons have burned to their full extent.

Another object is to so proportion and associate the parts of a lamp that long carbons may be used Without increasing the length of the lamp as a Whole.

Another object is to so construct the lamp as to facilitate to the utmost the trimming` thereof and globe-cleaning and to provide for recarboning the lamp without exposing the controlling mechanism.

lVith these objects in view the invention consists in the construction, combination, and

A arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described, and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents the improved lamp in side elevation. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the upper portion of the lamp with the casing and globe removed. Fig. 2a is a horizontal section through the lamp in. the plane indicated by line a a, Fig. 2, in Which the magnets and dash-pot are diagrammatically represented. Fig. 8 is another side elevation of the same part of the lamp. Fig. 4 is a planof the lamp With the cap removed. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section of the upper portion of the lamp mechanism, taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 11. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal central section through the clutch mechanism. Fig. 7 is a View in perspective of the step-by-step feeding mechanism. Fig. S is a diagrammatic representation of the circuits of the lamp. Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional view of one of the terminal clamps. Fig. 10 is a vertical section through the ash-pan and the hinge for the same.

A indicates the jacket inclosing the controlling and feeding mechanism of the lamp.

B indicates the globe, and Othe ash-pan.

The lamp-frame, as it may be termed, consists of the base-plate 11, surmounted by the ring 12, and the angular column 13, upon the top of which is constructed a chamber consisting ofv the ring 14 and the cap 15, the suspension pulley 16 for the lamp being mounted in lugs formed integral with the cap. The column 13 divides the kupper portion of the lampinto two chambers. The one contains the upper-carbonholder 17 and is accessible fromthe yexterior by means of the door 18, formed ,in casing A, and a supplemental door 19, formed in the ring 12, as seen inFigs. 1 and'2. ,These doors may be constructed in any suitable Way, the door 18 being shoWn'as-connected by strap-hinges to the casing A and closed by means of catches 20, pivoted to the door and engaging with buttons upon the body of the casing, While the door 19 is shown as hinged to the base 11 and is held in closed position by the engagement therewith of the door 18. By this means the upper-carbon holder is made accessible Without the necessity of exposing any of the other mechanism of the lamp.

The vertical Way for the carbon-holder 17 may be constructed Within the angular chamber or column 13 in any suitable manner. In the present instance such Way is formed by means of strips 21, secured to the inner walls of said column. From the upper-carbon holder there extends a flexible connection, as the chain 22, up into the upper chamber of the lamp formed by partsV 14 and 15, Where it passes over a suitable roll or pulley, such as chain-Wheel 23, and down at the back of column 13, Where it is connected to the loWer-carbon-carrying rod 24:. This carbon-carrying rod passes through a suitable guide located in the base 11 and through a similar guide 25, provided With antifrictionrollers and mounted on a bracket 26, depending from the base 11.

As seen in Fig. 3, the bracket 26 passes through an opening in the base 11, and has a plate at its upper end,by which it is secured to the base of the lamp and upon which is 2 ceases mounted the rstmentioned guide 27. It will be noticed that this bracket, as well as the column 13, are insulated from the base ll, as indicated in Fig. The lower end of the carbon-carrying rod 2t is curved at right angles to its main portion and carries the carbon-holder 28, which may be of any suitable construction. Attached to the lower part of bracket 2G is a ring 29 for guiding the lower carbon. To insure a better electrical connection between the rod 3f-t and the carbonholder 25, a conductor, as 30, has its ends connected to said parts, respectively.

In this lamp separate magnetic devices are provided for striking the arc and for feeding the carbons. The magnet for striking the arc is indicated at 3l and may be of any suitable form, but by preference consists of an ironclad solenoid-magnet the core of which is connected at its upper end by the link 32 to one end of the weighted frame 33, while the lower end, on which is mounted the armature 3l, is connected to the lever 35, pivoted upon a bracket, as 3G, attached for convenience sake to the sheath of the magnet 3l. The othercnd of the lever 35 is connected to the piston of the dash-pot 37. rlhe piston of the dash-pot is of the usual construction; but the upper end of the dash-pot has formed therein an opening by which the dash-pot is movably seated upon the valve-shaped end 88 of the post supporting the dash-pot. By this means the piston may return very quickly, as it may raise the dashpot off said valve 38 and so quickly expel the air, and as the piston descends the valve will close the opening and cause said descent to be very gradual.

The weighted frame 2.3 is mounted upon trunnion-screws 39, which pass through posts 4-0, arising from the plate tl, which consti tutes the iloor of the upper chamber. In the projecting ends of the weighted f rame is j ournaled a shaft i2, upon which is rigidly mounted the chain-wheel 23. Upon this shaft, at the side of the chain-wheel 23, is idly mounted a sleeve which carries a worin-wheel 43 and a clutch member 4st, which clutch member engages with a correspon ding member t5, formed upon or secured to the side of the chain-wheel. The shaft Ll), is movable longitudinally in its bearings, as indicated in Figs. 4 and G, and the sleeve Lt3 is held against longitudinal movement bya plate Lvlf3, secured to the frame 33 and takinginto a groove formed upon the end of the sleeve, as indicated at 4:7 in Fig. 6. By the movement of the shaft ll2 the clutch members are thrown into and out of engagement. This shifting of the shaft ft2 is accomplished as the weight 33 moves up and down in response to the action of the magnet 3l. One form of mechanism that may be used for causing this longitudinal movement consists of a spring a8, mounted upon the weighted Aframe and bearing against the end of shaft 4:2, as seen in Figs. t and G. This spring tends to throw the clutch members into engagement. Said members are thrown out of engagement by means of the triangu lar lever li-Q, which is pivoted 'to a lug upon the frame 33 and bears at its upper end against the end of the shaft 42, while its lower anglo rests upon a suitable stop, as screw 50, which rises from the plate il. lt will be seen then that as the projecting ends of the weighted frame carrying the shaft hi2 are raised the spring t8 will force the clutch members into engagement and as said ends are depressed the triangular lever will force the shaft i2 against the action of said spring and disengage the members of the clutch. Themeehanism j ust described is that which strikes the are, the detail operation of which will be given farther on.

I will now describe the feeding mechanism. The worm-wheel 43 engages with a worm 5l., which, as seen in Fig. 5, is mounted in bearings in a strip 52, extending across the post 40 and in a step located upon the plate ttl.. The construction and location of the wormwheel and worm are such that their engage ment is in the vertical plane through the axis of the tilting frame Therefore the movement of the frame in striking the arc does not separate these parts of the gear nor in any way affect their continuous working engagement. Upon the lower end of the wo rmsha'ft is mounted aratchet-wheel 53. For opn erating this ratchet-wheel the elcctron1agnets 54C are provided. (See Figs. 3, 7, and S.) These magnets have extended pole-pieces, as indicated, between which is located an armature 55, which is mounted upon a shaft 56, turning in bearings 'in the strap 57 and the connecting-strip Upon the upper end of the shaft 5G is mounted an arm 5S, in which is pivotcd the pawl 5f), which pawl engages with the ratchet 555 for rotating it. 'lo the rear end of the pawl 5S) is connected a spring UO, Figs. it and 7, by means of the link Gl. This spring GO may be of any suitable form and mounted in any desired manner, but, as here shown, is supported upon a post rising from the plate 4:1, Fig. it, and has a ten sion-screw 62 bearing thereagainst. A., detent cooperating with the pawl 55) is shown at G3, Fig. 5. Upon the arm 5S is mounted a contact-spring G-l, which engages with a contactpoint 65, mounted on an insulated post which is in circuit with the magnets 5-l-. As the magnets 5ft are energized the armature 55 is drawn into right line withthe poles thereof, which causes the arm 5S to swing and the pawl 50 to rotate the ratchet\.vheel. As the armature completes its swing it carries the contact-spring Gl out of engagementwith the contactpost G5 and so breaks the circuit through the magnets. Then the spring (i0 Yforces the arm 5S back into its normal position, thereby carrying the armature out of right line with the poles and places the mechanism in position to move the ratchet-wl1ecl another stated distance. A spriiiig-stop, as

GG, is mounted in the path of the armature Magnets 55 to limit its return movement.

ICO

IIO

and the mechanism operated thereby constitute a vibrating or step-by-step motor. To reduce to the minimum the change in resistance in the coils of magnets -54, d ue to the heat of the lamp, said coils are made from Germansilver wire. By making these coils of German silver the lamp is caused to burn with a uniform length of arc, since the heating of the coils will not affect the flow of current through them and the feed will always take place when the arc is lengthened to the predetermined or adjusted amount.

The lamp as represented is intended to run on a direct-current circuit, either constant current or constant potential; but some features are usefulin lamps run by alternating currents. The circuits of the lamp are indicated in Fig. 8. The positive terminal is shown connecting directly to the frame at the post G7, whence circuit goes to flexible conductor 68, connected at one end to the angular column 13 and at the other end to the weight or upper-carbon holder 17, whence the current passes through the carbons and the lower-carbon holder 24 to the flexible conductor G9, connected to the upper end of the lower-carbon holder and extending through the coil of the arc-striking magnet 31 to line, as at 70. This may be termed the arcstriking branch or arc-circuit of the lamp.

The feeding-circuit is a shunt through magnets 54, which shunt starts from the frame, passes to the shaft 56, thence to the contactspring 64, through the contact and its supporting insulated post, to and through the coils of the magnet, and then over conductor 7l to the return.

A safety-shunt around magnets 54, which is normally open and automatically closed by an abnormal strength of current flowing through said magnets, starts from the frame of the lamp, as at 72, extends to the armaturelever or cut-out magnet 73, and when said armature is drawn up by magnets 54 passes across contact 74, thence through the coil of magnet 73 and the resistance 75, over conductor 7G, to the return.

The cut-out j ust mentioned is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 8 and consists of the magnet 73,

suitably mounted upon the column 13 andhaving the elbow armature-lever 77, which serves as a supplemental armature to magnets 54 and as an armature for magnet 73. Attached to this double armature is a platespring 78, between which and the contactspring 7 9, attached to the lower end of lever 7 7, projects a stop 80, against which spring 77 bears to return the contact-spring 79 from engagement with its coperating contact, said coperating contact being insulated from all surrounding parts, as indicated in Fig. 3.

Another shunt-circuit is'provided for shortcircuiting the entire lamp mechanism when the carbons have burned their full extent. This circuit is by way of the lamp-frame, over flexible conductor G8 and the upper-carbon holder,to an insulated projection 81, mounted upon the frame of' the lamp, as vindicated in Figs. 2 and 8. 1 kFrom this projection the circuit is continued by Way of conductor 82 to the conductor 76, and thence to the return at 70.

The hand cut-out for use in trimming the lamp is mounted in the upper chamber of the lamp, and consists of a plate 83,mounted upon the post arising from the frameof the lamp, as shown inFigs. 2 and 4, the plate 84 coperatin g therewith and insulated from the frame of the lamp and from said plate and connected to the negative terminal of the lamp. These plates 83 and 84 are placed side by side, as

indicated in Fig. 4, and the pair of springs 85 is mounted upon the rock-shaft 86 and adapted to be forced in between springs 83 and 84 by the handle 87, mounted upon the rock-shaft 86, exterior to the lamp, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 4. This rock-shaft for the sake of safetyis divided by an insulating-couplin g, as indicated at 88 in Fig. 4. When the springs 85 are forced into engagement with the plates 83 and 84, a direct shunt across the terminals of the lamp is formed.

The Operation of the lamp may be briefly stated as follows: In the drawings vthe carbons are represented as having burned nearly to their full extent. trimmed, the weight 17 will be at the upper end of the triangular chamber and the lowercarbon holder will be at the lower end of the globe, and when the lamp is at rest the carbons will be together. Upon turning the eurrent onto the lamp, magnet 3l will be energized, when it will attract its armature 34,

thereby forcing up the outer end of" the weighted frame 33, to which said armature is attached. This will carry up the chain-wheel 23 and raise that portion of thechain connected to the upper-carbon holder, but it does not raise the other part of the chain-that connected to the lower-carbon holder-because the chain-wheel is so located in the weighted frame that its rear side is in alinement with the pivots 39 of said frame. As the frame is forced up shaft 42 is pressed by spring 48 toward the sleeve, thereby throwing the clutch member 45 into engagement with its coperating member 44. In thismanner the worm-gear is coupled to the chainwheel. Then the carbons being separated, sufficient current will iiow through magnets 54 to bring its armature into right line with the poles thereof and through the ratchet mechanism rotate the Worm. This will gradually feed the carbons together. As the armature approaches the right-line position in respect to the poles the circuits of the magnet will be interrupted at the contacts 64 and 65, when spring 60 will return the armature to its normal position, thereby closing the circuit again through said magnets and allowing them to operate the ratchet mechanism another step. So long as the current is flowing through the lamp,magnet 3l will maintain the clutch members in engagement and the step-by-step XV hen the lamp is fresh IOO IIO

ratchet mechanism just described will produce a continuous feeding of the carbons. Should current of abnormal strength from any cause pass through the magnets 5i, the)7 will attract the armature 77, thereby closing circuit through the coil 73, which will maintain the circuit closed through the safety-shunt until the equilibrium of the circuits is again obtained. This abnormal strength of eurrent through magnets 54: being occasioned by an undue separation of the carbens will flow through the safety-shunt until magnet 931, on being weakened by the flow of current over said shunt, has allowed the carbons to approach each other, the resistance 7 5 being interposed in the safety-shunt to establish that relation of resistance between the safetyshunt and the arc-circuit which will allow the regular feeding of the lamp to be resumed. Then in the regular operation of the lamp as the carbons burn out the cut-out shown will be closed between the contact 81 and the up per-carbon holder 17.

Afew details in the construction of the less essential features of the lamp will now be dcscribed.

In designing this lamp the intention was to place the parts to which frequent access is necessary in such position that they could be reached without opening into the mechanism of the lamp. Such improvements in this line as facilitate the retrimming of the lamp have already been mentioned. Provision is also made for connecting and disconnecting the lamp to the circuit-terminals without opening the lamp and at the same time providing for the location of these terminal connections within the casing. For this purpose there is mounted in the upper chamber of the lamp a clamp-terminal, as indicated in Fig. 9, both at the positive side and at the negative side of the lamp. This terminal consists of a plate Si), folded upon itself and having mounted upon the folds a block or dog 90 and pivoted to the plate, as at 91. Against one angle of this plate a screw, as 92, presses, said screw being mounted in a nut located between the folds of the plate, as at 93. A conductor, as 70, being inserted between the block 90 and the folds of the plate Si), it only remains to turn the screw J2 to clamp said conductor in place. These screws 92 may be reached through suitable openings formed in the ring 14, as indicated in Figs. 2 and li, the passage for the terminals of the conductors being placed in alinement with notches formed in said ring, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4:.

A convenient means for attaching and detaching the globe B consists of forming upon the base-plate 11 lugs, as 9i, and forming upon the upper globe-ring 95 catch projections, as 96, which should be pointed at their ends for ready insertion between the lugs 94C and each provided with a notch, as indicated, for securing a safe engagement between them and the lugs, as indicated in Fig. 3. To remove the globe, it is simply necessary to raise it slightly and rotate it to the left for a short distance when it may be withdrawn from the base 11. It may be as readily inserted bythe reverse operation.

Anotherimportant improvement over lamps of similar construction now in the market consists in shortening the bracket supporting the guides for the lower carbon, so that it shall be at a considerable distance above the lower end of the globe, as indicated in Fig. 1. This provides for ready access to the globe in wiping out the same, such access being had in the usual way through the opening at the lower end of the globe by opening the ash-pan.

A convenient means for holding the'ashpan open and for holding it closed is also a feature of this invention and is illustrated in Fig. 10. The ashpan is hinged by an ear 97 in lugs projecting from the lower globen ring, and this ear is notched, as indicated in Fig. 10. In a chamber 9S, :from which the hinged lugs project, is a spiing-1nounted de tent 90, shaped to engage with notches in the ear 97. One of these notches is so located that the detent will hold. the ashfpan up in place, and the other is so located that when the ash-pan is opened or turned out of the way it will hold it in that position until forci bly closed.

The contact-plate 81, Figs. 2 and S, has the conductor S2 connected to it by means ot' a binding-post 99, into which said conductor is passed from the rear of column 13 through a suitable opening formed in said column.

The resistance 75 is by preference mounted upon porcelain supports 100, secured to the column 13, as indicated in Fig. 3.

The shape and the combination ol. the various details above described and the arrangement of circuits within the lamp may be changed or modilied without departing from the invention.

lVhat I claim as my invention is- 1. In an are-lamp, the casing containingl the operating mechanism in combination with a vertical partition dividing the space inclosed by said casing into two chambers one of them containing the mechanism to which access must be had in trimming, and means for gaining ready access to said chamber from the exterior without opening into the other chamber, substantially as set forth.

2. In the arc-lamp substantially as shown and described, the combination with the up per and lower ends or plates, of the chambered column 13, connecting them and the casing A extending from one plate to the other and provided with the door for closing the chamber in said column, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination with the base-plate 1l, and the top plate 14, suitably capped, of the chambered column joining said plates, the ring 12, provided with the door, and the casing extending from the ring 12, to the plate 14, and provided with a door which cooper IIO ates with the aforesaid door to close the chamber in said column, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination with the connected carbons, of the longitudinally-movable shaft from which they are suspended, a clutch member fixed upon said shaft, the coperating clutch member sleeved upon the shaft, means for moving said shaft longitudinally to throw the clutch members together as the arc is struck, and an electric motor operated by the current of the lamp and geared to said sleeve, for the purpose set forth.

5. The combinationwith the pivoted frame', the longitudinally-movable shaft journaled thereon, the carbons operated from said shaft, a spring resting against one end of the shaft, a triangular lever pivoted to the Vframe and bearing against the other end of the shaft, means for tilting the frame and thereby causing longitudinal movement of the shaft, feeding mechanism for rotating the shaft, and a clutch device operated by said longitudinal movement to engage the shaft with the feeding mechanism, for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination with the arc-striking magnet 3l, the feeding-magnets 54 and their armature, of a supplemental armature located out of the normal field of said feeding-magnets and operated thereby only under an abnormal strength of current through said magnets, a shunt around the feeding-magnets completed by the movement of said supplemental armature, and a magnet in said shunt for holding` the armature in circuit-closing position, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination with the feeding-magnets in a shunt from the arc-circuit, of the elbow-armature having one arm opposite the poles of the feeding-magnets to be attracted thereby under an abnormal strength of current through the shunt, a shunt around the feeding-magnet maintained normally open, a fixed contact, and a contact carried by said armature for closing said normally open shunt, and a magnet in circuit with said contacts and acting upon the other arm of said armature for holding them in engagement.

8. In an arc-lamp, the combination with the arc-circuit, of the feeding-magnet shunt, the normally open safety-shunt around the feeding-magnet, a resistance in said shunt so proportionedjvith relation to the arc-circuit as to insure the resumption of the regular feeding operation, and the automatic cut out shunt for the lamp around the arc inclosing the feeding-magnet circuit and said resistance, substantially as set forth.

9. A terminal clamp consisting of a plate folded upon itself to receive a terminal wire in the fold, in combination with a triangular lever pivoted at one angle between said folds and bearing at an outer angle against an inserted terminal wire, and a screw mounted between the folds of the plate and bearing against the other outer angle of said lever, substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 28th day of December, A. D. 1896.

WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN.

Witnesses:

WM. H. OAPEL, H. C. TowNsEND.

Images