US5807440A - Photovoltaic device - Google Patents
Photovoltaic device Download PDFInfo
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- US5807440A US5807440A US08/664,434 US66443496A US5807440A US 5807440 A US5807440 A US 5807440A US 66443496 A US66443496 A US 66443496A US 5807440 A US5807440 A US 5807440A
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- diffuser layer
- photovoltaic device
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique of coloring the exterior of a light incident side of a photovoltaic device in which photoelectromotive force is generated by the incidence of sunlight or the like.
- FIG. 2 shows a conventional photovoltaic device.
- a normal photovoltaic device of the prior art typically has a structure wherein, as shown in FIG. 2, a rear surface electrode 22, a photovoltaic layer 23 such as a PIN junction amorphous semiconductor layer or the like, a transparent conductive film 24, and a translucent protection film 25 for preventing intrusion of moisture etc. are sequentially deposited on a glass or organic resin substrate 21.
- adding a colorant or pigment to the translucent protection film 25 covering the transparent conductive film 24 of the photovoltaic device of the structure described above to form a coloring layer is described in Published Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. 2-94575 and the like.
- The, present invention has as its object to provide a photovoltaic device which can optionally and stably control the color of an intended exterior face, particularly a light-incident surface side, of the photovoltaic device, and which exhibits high performance.
- these objects are as follows:
- the structure of the present invention has a diffuser layer on a light incident plane side of the photovoltaic device for scattering and dispersing incident light.
- another structure of the present invention has a diffuser layer on a light incident plane side of the photovoltaic device for scattering and dispersing incident light and a coloring layer on the diffuser layer for coloring incident light.
- another structure of the present invention has at least a substrate, a rear surface electrode, a photovoltaic layer and a transparent conductive film, and comprises a diffuser layer on a light incident plane side of the photovoltaic device for scattering and dispersing incident light and a coloring layer on the diffuser layer for coloring incident light.
- the substrate and the rear surface electrode may also be translucent.
- another structure of the present invention has at least a substrate, a rear surface electrode, a photovoltaic layer, a transparent conductive film, and an auxiliary electrode and comprises a diffuser layer on the transparent conductive film and the auxiliary electrode for scattering and dispersing incident light and a coloring layer on the diffuser layer for coloring incident light, wherein the surface of the auxiliary electrode on the light incident plane side is black or a color similar to black.
- the substrate used may also be a flexible substrate.
- the coloring layer used may also be formed by a translucent protection film which includes a colorant, pigments, or dye.
- a diffuser in which a colorant or pigment from white to near-colorless is uniformly dispersed within a translucent resin may also be used as the diffuser layer of the above photovoltaic device.
- the diffuser layer may also be a porous resin layer provided with a large number of minute holes within a translucent resin.
- the diffuser layer may be one in which a resin component insoluble with a translucent resin component is uniformly dispersed in minute particles within a translucent resin.
- each of the above diffuser layers has a haze characteristic of from 15 to 90%, a total light beam transmissivity of from 20 to 90%, a total reflectivity of 10 to 60%, and a diffused reflectivity of 5 to 50%.
- Another structure of the present invention is a photovoltaic device which has a diffuser layer which colors incident light and scatters and disperses the incident light, provided on a light incident plane side of the photovoltaic device.
- the diffuser layer used may also include a colored colorant, pigment, or dye.
- a photovoltaic device has a diffuser layer for scattering and dispersing incident light moderately in the course of the incident light between a transparent conductive film such as ITO and a coloring layer for coloring the incident light, the coloring layer being made from a translucent protection film including a coloring component such as a colorant, pigment, or dye in a transparent resin.
- FIG. 1 The basic structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
- a rear surface electrode 2 a photovoltaic layer 3, a transparent conductive film 4 are deposited on a glass or organic resin substrate 1, and a diffuser layer 5 and coloring layer 6 are provided thereupon.
- the diffuser layer does not allow all of the transmitted light having spectra of various colors and passing through the coloring layer deposited on the upper portion thereof to be transmitted as it is, but scatters/disperses a part thereof. As a result, the tone of colored light can be strengthened.
- light incident on the photovoltaic device attains a screening effect with respect to fluctuations in coloring and tone due to optical interference, which occurs due to the thickness of the ITO etc. transparent conductive film, and reflected light from the amorphous silicon etc. photovoltaic layer, which occur due to the thickness of the ITO etc. transparent conductive film. Accordingly, changes in tone due to optical interference and reflected light can be prevented.
- the present invention is remarkably effective in maintaining tone of light color.
- the diffuser layer when considering the occurrence of a slight reduction in incident light due to scattering, reduction of the amount of incident light in light reaching the photovoltaic layer is very small compared to a case where a conventional coloring layer of the same tone is used. Thereby, deterioration of the I-V characteristic and photoelectric conversion characteristic accompanying coloring can be suppressed to a minimum.
- the diffuser layer of the present invention is effective where, based on JIS-K-7361, the haze (cloudiness value: H%) value is from 15 to 90%, total light beam transmissivity (Tt%) is from 20 to 90%, total reflectivity is from 10 to 60% , and diffused reflectivity is from 5 to 50%.
- the diffuser layer is extremely effective when the haze value is from 65 to 89%, total light beam transmissivity is from 45 to 83%, total reflectivity is from 18 to 43% , and diffused reflectivity is from 15 to 40%.
- optical characteristic values of the diffuser layer effectively make use of the spectral sensitivity characteristic of the photovoltaic device, particularly an amorphous silicon photovoltaic device, effectively generate tones from short wavelengths in the vicinity of blue to long wavelengths in the vicinity of red and are extremely effective optical conditions for bringing forth a good balance between both the performance of the photovoltaic device and its coloring ability.
- the haze value is over 15%, or more preferably over 65%, its light diffusing effect is high until incident light reaches the transparent conductive film and the amorphous silicon film and the tone of the coloring layer is sufficiently realized. This suppresses reflected light exhibiting magenta due to interference by the transparent conductive film and the red-brown of the amorphous silicon film, whose tones are even stronger, and can prevent a reduction in color purity. If the haze value is less than 15%, the intended color becomes essentially unattainable.
- the haze value is greater than 90%, the dispersed light increases. Because of the increase of the dispersion light, the total light beam transmissivity becomes decreases significantly, photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases, and becomes incapable of supporting a photovoltaic device. If the haze value is less than 90%, or more preferably less than 89%, while the incident light is sufficiently diffused by the diffuser layer, the amount of light reaching the photovoltaic layer can be sufficiently maintained and reduction of photoelectric conversion efficiency can be minimized.
- total light transmissivity where it is 20% or higher, or more preferably 45% or higher, the amount of light reaching the photoelectric conversion layer can be maintained, and in particular where it is 45% or higher, photoelectric current attenuation can be kept to 50% or less of that where a diffuser layer is not used, and a high performance photovoltaic device can be attained.
- total light transmissivity is less than 20%, the functions of a photovoltaic device cannot be achieved.
- total light transmissivity is higher than 90%, diffused light transmissivity decreases greatly; therefore it cannot function as a diffuser layer and has a tendency to make coloring difficult.
- total light transmissivity is 90% or lower, or more preferably 83% or lower, since diffused light transmissivity can be sufficiently maintained and a colored photovoltaic device attained, the functions of a diffuser layer are achieved.
- reflectivity at 45° incident light
- total reflectivity preferably from 10% to 60%, most preferably from 15% to 43%
- diffused reflectivity preferably from 5 to 50%, most preferably 18 to 43%
- loss of incident light due to reflection can be prevented and color can be effectively generated by the coloring layer.
- a diffuser layer having total reflectivity of more than 60% and diffused reflectivity of more than 50% loss of light due to reflection at the diffuser layer prior to the incident light reaching the photoelectric conversion layer is great and photoelectric conversion efficiency is greatly reduced.
- the diffuser layer it is preferable for the diffuser layer to have the above optical characteristics in order to achieve a colored photovoltaic device which has clearer tones and keeps the reduction of photoelectromotive force to a minimum.
- the diffuser layer used in the present invention has the characteristics described above, and is adjusted not to disperse or scatter, too much, the incident light which has passed through diffusion, and is adjusted so as to not greatly reduced total light transmissivity.
- any composition as the structure of the diffuser layer so long as it satisfies the above-described conditions.
- Any material which has high transmissivity to light and a light diffusing property may be used.
- a material with high transmissivity glass, organic resin, ceramic, or the like may be used.
- organic resins polystyrene and its derivatives, polyethylene, acrylic, methacrylic and their derivatives, unsaturated polyester, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate, norvolnene, saturated polyester, liquid crystal polymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulphide, polyether ethylketone, urethane, epoxy, phenoxy, alamide, polyimide and their derivatives, etc. each as single components or as compounds or mixtures are representative.
- a diffuser layer which has flexibility compared to where glass or a ceramic is used, it is an inexpensive material so manufacturing costs are low, it is light weight, a roll-to-roll process or other mass-production method can be used so production efficiency is high, it resists impact, is easy to laminate on a photovoltaic device by a laminating process and achieves other excellent effects, and thus is very advantageous.
- a flexible substrate of organic resin or the like is used as the substrate of the photovoltaic device, the following are particularly effective as the structure of the diffuser layer.
- a resin layer including colorants of white or near-colorless minute particles in small amounts in a uniformly distributed state is used.
- white or near-colorless minute particle colorants silicon oxide, alumina, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, titanium oxide, clay, etc. are representative.
- This resin layer has its thickness controlled to match the desired total reflectivity and total transmissivity.
- a curing agent such as particulate thermal expansion microcapsules are mixed in a suitable amount with a melt or solvent of a transparent resin which is transparent or a color close to white, this is heated to a desired temperature and cured, and results in a porous resin layer having microscopic pores and is used as the diffuser layer.
- the pores pierce the resin layer, and alternatively they need not completely pierce the layer.
- the distribution, diameter, porosity of the pores and film thickness are adjusted to match the desired total reflectivity and total transmissivity.
- a mixed resin layer of two or more types of resin which are transparent or a color close to white is used as the diffuser layer, the tropism of the types differing greatly and having inferior compatibility (the resins are insoluble with each other).
- the layer is produced by mixing, in a transparent resin, a resin which is insoluble with the transparent resin. Also, the volumetric proportion and film thickness of the resin layer are adjusted to match the desired total reflectivity and total transmissivity.
- the thickness of the diffuser layer is not specifically limited. If the diffuser layer is made thick, although the photoelectric conversion characteristic of the photovoltaic device is reduced because total light transmissivity and diffused light transmissivity decrease, total reflectivity and diffuse reflectivity increase so the brightness and color of tones are improved. Accordingly, the film thickness of the diffuser layer is determined by a balance between the desired tone, photoelectromotive force, diffuser layer characteristics, etc.
- the diffuser layer itself may be colored by the inclusion of colored components therein to function as a coloring layer.
- the diffuser layer not only may be provided in contact with the transparent conductive film, electrode, protection layer, substrate, etc. of the photovoltaic device, but may also be provided separately therefrom.
- an auxiliary electrode of aluminum or silver is provided on the transparent conductive film of the photovoltaic device to improve the conductivity of the transparent conductive film is known.
- the diffuser layer and coloring layer are provided on the surface where the auxiliary electrode is provided, because the auxiliary electrode is visible from the upper surface due to the strong reflectivity of the auxiliary electrode, the appearance thereof is unacceptable.
- the surface on the light incident side of the auxiliary electrode is made black or a color close to black such as brown, red or any other color which has a high visible light absorption coefficient, and by reducing the amount of reflection of light, or by making the surface on the light incident side of the auxiliary electrode a color which emits reflective light close to the light reflected from the photovoltaic layer or transparent conductive film, when seen from above, the existence of the auxiliary electrode is not perceived and a uniform color can be attained.
- a black coating may be painted on the auxiliary electrode, or a black material, for example conductive carbon black or the like, may be included in the material forming the auxiliary electrode, for example silver paste, to make the auxiliary electrode itself black.
- a black material for example conductive carbon black or the like
- silver paste to make the auxiliary electrode itself black.
- it is a conductive material such as conductive carbon black, by coloring it black, reduction of the conductivity of the auxiliary electrode can be minimized, therefore this is preferred.
- the rear surface electrode of the photovoltaic device may be made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO or the like, and may have a see-through structure which imparts transmissivity on both electrodes sandwiching the photovoltaic layer and imparts transmissivity on the substrate, the diffuser layer and coloring layer being provided on at least one surface on either the substrate side or the side opposite the substrate, or both sides, to produce a colored see-through photovoltaic device.
- the substrate side colored components may be included in the substrate itself to make it a coloring layer.
- the substrate itself may serve as the diffuser layer or both the diffuser layer and the coloring layer together, by using a substrate with light diffusability.
- the coloring layer need not impart coloring of only one color, but if the coloring layer were given a structure where a number of colors are coated on the transparent protection film which is colorless and transparent, by screen printing or the like for example, a photovoltaic device having multi-colored maps, drawings, letters, etc. in optional ways with favorable tones can be attained.
- a colored photovoltaic device can be achieved which has high a photoelectromotive force characteristic while retaining the intended color tones.
- pale and intermediate colors and the like can be used to color light to the intended colors.
- a flexible photovoltaic device using an organic resin substrate can be given an optional color tone.
- a colored photovoltaic device can be achieved which has an optional color tone and a free design, excellent fashionable products utilizing a photovoltaic device, such as a card calculator, clock or watch having a photovoltaic device can be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a conventional photovoltaic device
- FIG. 3 shows the fabrication steps of Embodiment 1.
- a photovoltaic device was produced using polyethylene naphthalate having flexibility as the substrate.
- an amorphous silicon film as a photovoltaic layer and an ITO transparent conductive film are deposited on the rear surface electrode.
- the diffuser layer is deposited on the ITO conductive film and a coloring layer having a desired color tone was deposited on the topmost portion to obtain a photovoltaic device.
- FIG. 3 shows the fabrication steps of the first embodiment.
- an electrode 32 comprising aluminum or a deposited film of aluminum and stainless steel formed on a flexible substrate 31 formed from polyethylene naphthalate.
- an amorphous silicon layer having a PIN junction is formed by a plasma CVD process.
- the ITO transparent conductive film 34 is formed on the photovoltaic layer 33 by an Ar gas sputtering method on the photovoltaic layer 33 using an ITO (indium tin oxide) target.
- a silver (Ag) paste with carbon black added thereto is coated onto the ITO transparent conductive film 34 by a screen printing method as the auxiliary electrode 35.
- a YAG laser or the like is used and precise minutely detailed processing such as forming grooves and perforation holes for insulation or electrical contact is performed to form a flexible photovoltaic device.
- the diffuser layer 37 is deposited on a light incident surface (on the ITO transparent conductive film) of the device.
- the diffuser layer 37 is deposited by a laminating process at 110° C. using a heat sensitive bonding agent 36 and a ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer resin film of 20 ⁇ m thickness.
- a diffuser layer 37 which itself has a bonding property with respect to the ITO transparent conductive film 34 and the auxiliary electrode 35 may be used without using the heat sensitive bonding agent 36.
- the diffuser layer 37 a film 50 ⁇ m thick with indeterminate-shaped silicon oxide of approximately 4 ⁇ m average particle diameter, mixed and distributed at 1.5 Wt % in a melted polyethylene terephthalate resin, is used.
- This film has a surface roughness (Ra) of 350 nm, and the values of white light transmissivity/optical diffusion characteristics (JIS regulation K7361) are total light transmissivity (Tt) : 72.4%, diffuse light transmissivity (Td): 55.6%, haze value (cloudiness value Td/Tt): 76.7%, total reflectivity (Rt): 30.9% and diffuse reflectivity (Rd): 25.0% (measurement results where measured with a C light source using a haze/transmissivity/reflectivity measuring unit HR-100 by Murakami Color Technology Research Laboratories. Reflectivities Rt and Rd were measured with 45° incident light).
- the coloring layer which is the topmost layer is formed under the following conditions.
- the coloring layer is formed by providing a green resin composition 40 on a polyethylene terephthalate film 39, and also functions as a protection film.
- the green resin composition 40 is colored by a green phthalocyanine colorant and is a polyurethane type thermosetting resin composition. Specifically, it is as follows.
- Phenoxy resin (made by UCC, PKHH): 20 parts by weight
- Colorant-phthalocyanine green 6YS (made by Sanyo Pigments Corp.): 0.2 parts by weight
- Dispersant (oleic acid) 3 parts by weight
- the phenoxy resin is completely dissolved in a solvent (cyclohexanone) and is dispersed for 48 hours together with the pigment and dispersant by a zirconia ball mill.
- the levelling agent was added to the solvent and mixed for a further two hours. And to this mixture there was added 17 parts by weight of isocyanurate-bonded hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI trimer) as a non-yellowing hardner, so that both contents of a hydroxide group and isocyanate group of a phenoxy resin were in chemically equivalence, and after mixing for 20 minutes, a resin composition was obtained.
- HDI trimer isocyanurate-bonded hexamethylene diisocyanate
- This resin composition was formed into a polyethylene terephthalate resin film 39 with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m by a photogravure lacquering method so that the thickness of the green resin composition 40 was 5 ⁇ m.
- the green coloring layer formed in this way was deposited on the diffuser layer 37 by means of a laminating process using the heat-sensitive bonding agent 38.
- the green coloring layer may be formed in a single layer of only a translucent resin containing a pigment or colorant.
- the bonding method is optional. Thus, a green-colored color photovoltaic device was produced.
- the various characteristics of the green-colored color photovoltaic device produced in the present embodiment are as follows.
- the attenuation of the short-circuit current value after the coloring layer is 42% compared with the short-circuit current value (Isc) prior to the coloring layer (diffuser layer, no coloring layer).
- the attenuation of the short-circuit current after coloring is 96% with respect to the short-circuit current prior to coloring, so that the functions of the photovoltaic device generally cannot be expected.
- a measured color value was obtained by a spectrophotometer (measured by high speed spectrophotometer CMS-35SP produced by Murakami Color Technology Research Laboratories).
- An insulating protection film portion is also formed by means of a thermosetting urethane type coating around the periphery of the electrodes for 15° C. rises in Tg and bringing into contact FPCs or lead wires etc., thus changes in "solderability" and thermo compression bonding, thermal deformation, inadequate insulation and an unsatisfactory appearance did not occur.
- auxiliary electrode 35 is black, the appearance of the photovoltaic device is as preferred, without the auxiliary electrode being visible from the light incident surface side by the transparency.
- the diffuser layer an example of a porous resin layer having microscopic pores formed by mixing a suitable amount of particulate thermal expansion microcapsules or the like into a solvent of translucent resin which is transparent or close to white and curing it at a predetermined temperature will be shown.
- the diffuser layer is fabricated by the materials and method set forth below.
- polymethyl methacrylate resin Taisei Kako Co.,Ltd., polymerization degree 20,000
- polybutyl methacrylate resin Taisei Kako Co.,Ltd., polymerization degree 20,000
- 1/2 second cellulose acetate butyrate resin Produced by Eastman Kodak: CAB 381-0.5
- Matsumoto microsphere particles made by Matsumoto Yushi (F-80GSD, acrylonitrile copolymer microcapsules including hexane therein, average diameter 5 ⁇ m) are added at 50 parts by weight, sufficiently dispersed for 2 hours at 1,000 rpm using a homomixer (made by Tokushu Machine Industries), then defoamed.
- F-80GSD acrylonitrile copolymer microcapsules including hexane therein, average diameter 5 ⁇ m
- This mixture is coated onto a 70 ⁇ m thick polyester film by a doctor blade coating method and, after drying in a drying oven at 120° C., a 25 ⁇ m polyester film is laminated thereon at 80° C., and is rolled out after passed in a 170° C. heating oven by one minute.
- the polyester film is peeled off from the rolled-out roll to obtain a foam film 40 ⁇ m thick.
- This film is a white porous film containing many air bubbles of 10 to 30 ⁇ m diameter, has a structure wherein portions where the pores pass through the film and portions where the pores are enclosed within the film are included therein, the air hole volume being 35%. Because it is a porous film, the surface is roughened due to the air bubbles, the optical diffusion characteristics by measurement under JIS-K-7361 being Tt: 78.5%, Td: 62.2%, haze value (Td/Tt): 79.2%, Rt: 28.3%, Rd: 24.1%.
- Embodiment 3 an example using a sheet (made by NITTO DENKO CORPORATION) of macromolecular polyethylene of average molecular weight of approximately 1 ⁇ 10 5 and which has been made porous is used as the diffuser layer.
- This sheet is 100 ⁇ m thick, has a porosity of 40% and an average pore diameter of approximately 30 ⁇ m, and is white.
- the optical diffusion characteristics of this sheet Tt: 76.3%, Td: 61.4%, haze value: 80.5%, Rt: 30.7% and Rd: 26.8%.
- the diffuser layer itself has the function of coloring incident light and a function of diffusing and dispersing incident light.
- this white sheet and the same sheet colored with a green color or orange color are deposited by being laminated directly onto the ITO transparent conductive film as the diffuser layer by a heat-sensitive bonding agent to produce a white, green, and orange colored photovoltaic device, and together with the photovoltaic device prior to laminating, without the sheet, was subjected to color measurement under JIS-Z-8722 and the condition that specular reflected light not be included (measured by high speed spectrophotometer CMS-35SP produced by Murakami Color Technology Research Laboratories).
- a photovoltaic device in which the amorphous silicon layer (or ITO transparent conductive film) exhibits dark colors is colored and the color tone of the sheet is ensured.
- hue (H*ab) a photovoltaic device having each of the hues of white, green, and orange was obtained from the dark magenta color metal gloss hue of the original photovoltaic device.
- the photovoltaic device is effective in obtaining pale pastel color tones.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Luminosity Chroma Hue Sample (L*) (C*ab) (H*ab) Is attenuation ______________________________________ Without 21.4 8.01 313.8° 0% sheet White 60.3 3.47 282.8° 32% Green 61.7 12.47 187.5° 36% Orange 40.9 26.23 52.7° 36% ______________________________________
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP7-176799 | 1995-06-20 | ||
JP17679995A JP4063896B2 (en) | 1995-06-20 | 1995-06-20 | Colored see-through photovoltaic device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5807440A true US5807440A (en) | 1998-09-15 |
Family
ID=16020052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/664,434 Expired - Lifetime US5807440A (en) | 1995-06-20 | 1996-06-18 | Photovoltaic device |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US5807440A (en) |
JP (1) | JP4063896B2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW297955B (en) |
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EP4340048A1 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-20 | Grenzebach Envelon GmbH | Front pane for a photovoltaic module |
WO2024056815A1 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | Grenzebach Envelon Gmbh | Front pane for a photovoltaic module |
Also Published As
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JPH098341A (en) | 1997-01-10 |
TW297955B (en) | 1997-02-11 |
JP4063896B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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