US5714001A - Foaming agent composition and process - Google Patents
Foaming agent composition and process Download PDFInfo
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- US5714001A US5714001A US08/558,040 US55804095A US5714001A US 5714001 A US5714001 A US 5714001A US 55804095 A US55804095 A US 55804095A US 5714001 A US5714001 A US 5714001A
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 alkyl ether sulfate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 82
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 4
- ZYBWTEQKHIADDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;methanol Chemical compound OC.CCO ZYBWTEQKHIADDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- URMHMMMIVAECEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-9-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCC URMHMMMIVAECEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/02—Alkyl sulfonates or sulfuric acid ester salts derived from monohydric alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
Abstract
Description
CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.x CH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.y OSO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+ (I)
R(OCH.sub.2 CH(R')).sub.y OSO.sub.3 M (II)
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Weight in Item of Molecules with Number of Ethoxy Units per Molecule Equal to: Item No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 ______________________________________ 1 32 28 26 13 1 0 2 9 12 24 29 20 6 3 17 29 35 17 2 0 4 13 13 14 25 20 4 ______________________________________
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Percent in Total Mixture of Molecules Conforming to Formula II with Values Foaming Agent Value of x of y Equal to: Identification in Formula II 0 1 2 3 4 5 ______________________________________ Product A 7 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 13.3 14.4 17.9 15.6 8.6 2.2 11 4.0 3.8 4.4 3.8 1.9 0.0 (branched) 11 3.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 Totals 22.8 19.8 23.9 20.5 10.4 2.2 Item 1 7 11.3 12.2 10.2 4.2 0.0 0.0 9 20.0 16.0 15.4 8.4 1.3 0.0 11 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totals 32.2 28.2 25.6 12.6 1.3 0.0 Product B 7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 9 9.1 11.4 16.2 15.1 10.3 3.4 11 4.9 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.0 (Branched) 11 4.9 4.5 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 3.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 Totals 22.9 19.0 23.0 17.8 11.1 3.4 Product C 5 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 8.2 10.4 9.1 6.7 4.1 1.5 9 20.3 13.8 11.4 7.6 4.1 0.8 11 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totals 29.2 25.0 20.5 14.3 8.2 2.4 Product D 7 14.9 12.1 8.0 4.6 1.8 0.5 9 25.2 15.5 10.3 4.7 1.7 0.0 11 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totals 40.8 27.6 18.3 9.3 3.6 0.5 Product F 7 4.7 8.3 9.4 7.9 3.9 1.1 9 25.2 15.5 19.3 4.7 1.7 0.0 11 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totals 30.6 23.8 28.7 12.6 5.7 1.1 Item 2 7 2.4 4.3 10.3 13.4 9.1 2.8 9 6.6 7.2 13.6 15.6 10.9 4.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totals 9.0 11.5 23.8 28.9 20.0 6.0 Item 3 7 4.6 10.9 13.6 6.1 0.8 0.0 9 10.3 15.3 17.8 9.7 1.3 0.0 11 2.3 2.7 3.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 Totals 17.3 28.9 34.6 17.2 2.1 0.0 ______________________________________ Notes to Table 2 The line in some of the groups preceded by (Branched) indicates material that does not conform strictly to the preferred Formula II; instead, two of the --CH.sub.2 -- units prescribed by that formula were substituted by a --CH(CH.sub.3)-- unit. Molecules of this type, which are present in som of the Comparison Examples but not in the Examples according to the invention, are considered as part of "Total Mixture of Molecules Conforming to Formula II" for the purposes of computing the percentages i this Table. Where no line preceded by (Branched) appears in a group in th Table, the item contains less than 0.0% of any material with x = 13.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Percent in Total Mixture of Molecules Conform- Foaming Agent ing to Formula II with Values of y = Identification 0 1 2 or 3 ______________________________________ Product D 40.8 27.6 27.6 Item 1 32.2 28.1 38.2 Product E 30.6 23.8 41.3 Product C 29.2 25.0 34.7 Product B 22.9 19.0 40.8 Product A 22.8 19.8 44.3 Item 3 17.3 28.9 52.7 Item 2 9.0 11.5 52.7 Item 4 13.1 13.2 38.2 ______________________________________
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ 85/15 90/10 95/5 99/1 y.sub.0 :y.sub.2,3 y.sub.0 :y.sub.1 y.sub.0 :y.sub.2,3 y.sub.0 :y.sub.1 y.sub.0 :y.sub.2,3 y.sub.0 :y.sub.1 y.sub.0 :y.sub.2,3 y.sub.0 :y.sub.1 ______________________________________ D 22.0 22.0 34.1 34.1 70.3 70.3 360 360 1 15.7 21.2 24.4 33.1 50.6 68.5 260 352 E 14.5 25.1 22.5 39.1 46.8 81.2 240 417 C 17.2 23.8 26.7 37.2 55.4 7.2 285 397 B 14.5 31.0 22.6 48.6 47.1 101 243 522 A 13.4 29.8 21.0 46.6 43.3 97.1 223 501 3 11.3 20.2 17.7 31.7 37.0 66.3 191 343 2 10.9 50.1 17.3 79.0 36.2 166 188 861 4 15.2 43.9 23.9 69.2 50.1 145 260 751 ______________________________________
TABLE 5 ______________________________________ GYPSUM FOAM TEST FOAMING WET POUR REMOVAL DRY WT. COMPRESSIVE AGENT WT. (grams) WT. (grams) (grams) STRENGTH (psi) ______________________________________ Blend 95/5 Run 1 156.40 153.30 94.70 539.00 Run 2 164.30 159.90 98.70 543.30 Run 3 167.70 164.90 102.10 520.30 Run 4 157.20 155.00 95.00 528.00 Run 5 166.00 161.40 98.90 570.80 Run 6 168.10 167.00 102.80 581.50 Blend 90/10 Run 1 139.40 137.00 84.10 -- Run 2 148.80 145.80 89.60 484.00 Run 3 157.30 154.90 95.40 504.00 Blend 85/15 Run 1 136.60 134.60 82.40 285.40 Run 2 143.00 139.90 85.70 359.80 Run 3 146.80 144.60 88.90 397.40 Run 4 135.70 132.60 81.20 292.90 Run 5 141.80 137.50 84.10 330.00 Run 6 145.50 143.60 88.10 374.30 Blend 80//20 Run 1 131.80 129.10 79.70 294.00 Run 2 136.60 133.20 82.20 -- Run 3 140.70 137.90 85.30 378.00 Blend 100/0 Run 1 182.90 177.40 111.50 871.00 Run 2 186.50 181.10 113.70 931.00 Run 3 187.50 183.10 115.10 -- Blend 0/100 Run 1 111.20 106.30 66.10 196.00 Run 2 111.50 107.40 66.80 219.00 Run 3 112.80 100.70 62.90 -- ______________________________________
Claims (34)
R(OCH.sub.2 CH(R')).sub.y OSO.sub.3 M (II)
R(OCH.sub.2 CH(R')).sub.y OSO.sub.3 M (II)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/558,040 US5714001A (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1995-11-13 | Foaming agent composition and process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16612293A | 1993-12-13 | 1993-12-13 | |
US08/558,040 US5714001A (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1995-11-13 | Foaming agent composition and process |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16612293A Continuation | 1993-12-13 | 1993-12-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5714001A true US5714001A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
Family
ID=22601911
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/558,040 Expired - Lifetime US5714001A (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1995-11-13 | Foaming agent composition and process |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5714001A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0738183A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU683527B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2178755C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995016515A1 (en) |
Cited By (73)
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US6376631B1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-23 | Rhodia, Inc. | Processes to control the residual monomer level of copolymers of tertiary amino monomer with a vinyl-functional monomer |
US6387172B1 (en) | 2000-04-25 | 2002-05-14 | United States Gypsum Company | Gypsum compositions and related methods |
US6418638B1 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2002-07-16 | Westroc, Inc. | Dryer control system |
WO2002070427A1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-09-12 | Lafarge Platres | Method for producing reduced-weight plasterboards |
US20020132882A1 (en) * | 2000-09-04 | 2002-09-19 | Hilton Dennis M. | Foamed fireproofing composition and method |
WO2003000620A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-03 | National Gypsum Properties, Llc | Method of providing void spaces in gypsum wallboard and in a gypsum core composition |
US6528476B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2003-03-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent compositions comprising block polymeric suds enhancers |
WO2003035794A1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-01 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Well drilling method and drilling fluid |
US6573234B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2003-06-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent compositions comprising polymeric suds enhancers |
US20040061098A1 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2004-04-01 | Hilton Dennis M. | Foamed fireproofing composition and method |
US20040092614A1 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2004-05-13 | Hilton Dennis M. | Foamed fireproofing composition and method |
US20040092676A1 (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2004-05-13 | Geo Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Dispersant and foaming agent combination |
US6800131B2 (en) | 1997-08-21 | 2004-10-05 | United States Gypsum Company | Gypsum-containing board and tile, and method for producing gypsum-containing board and tile |
US20040201120A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-10-14 | Lafarge North America, Inc. | Gypsum wallboard process |
US20040250737A1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2004-12-16 | Minoru Yaguchi | Workability-improving agents for cement compositions |
US20040259982A1 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2004-12-23 | Bair Keith A. | Concrete or cement dispersant and method of use |
US20050026803A1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2005-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions and methods for using polymeric suds enhancers |
US6864314B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2005-03-08 | Dominic Wai-Kwing Yeung | Block polymers, compositions and methods of use for foams, laundry detergents, shower rinses and coagulants |
US20050124738A1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2005-06-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions and methods for using zwitterionic polymeric suds enhancers |
US20050224007A1 (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2005-10-13 | Geo Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Plaster composition and method of making same |
US20060162839A1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2006-07-27 | Masanobu Seki | Method for producing light gypsum board |
US20070045892A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-01 | United States Gypsum Company | Slurry spreader for cementitious board production |
WO2008026006A1 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Bpb Limited | Gypsum building boards |
US20080099171A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | United States Gypsum Company | Process and apparatus for feeding cementitious slurry for fiber-reinforced structural cement panels |
US20080101151A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | United States Gypsum Company | Apparatus and method for wet mixing cementitious slurry for fiber-reinforced structural cement panels |
US20080099133A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | United States Gypsum Company | Panel smoothing process and apparatus for forming a smooth continuous surface on fiber-reinforced structural cement panels |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2178755A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
EP0738183A1 (en) | 1996-10-23 |
WO1995016515A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
AU683527B2 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
AU1397195A (en) | 1995-07-03 |
CA2178755C (en) | 2004-10-05 |
EP0738183A4 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
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