US5624468A - Method for fabricating a leadless battery employing an alkali metal anode and polymer film inks - Google Patents
Method for fabricating a leadless battery employing an alkali metal anode and polymer film inks Download PDFInfo
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- US5624468A US5624468A US08/071,463 US7146393A US5624468A US 5624468 A US5624468 A US 5624468A US 7146393 A US7146393 A US 7146393A US 5624468 A US5624468 A US 5624468A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
- H01M4/08—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/666—Composites in the form of mixed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/75—Wires, rods or strips
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/12—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with flat electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49114—Electric battery cell making including adhesively bonding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a process for fabricating a battery cell. More particularly, the present invention teaches a method for manufacturing a thin leadless battery employing an alkali metal anode and polymer thick film inks.
- Microelectronic components are now widely used in the production of a variety of electronic devices, such as portable computers, calculators, watches, cordless telephones, radios, tape recorders, and security systems. Development of such electronic devices has brought about the evolution of batteries as miniature power supplies. In light of their applications, this new generation of batteries must produce higher energy per unit volume and superior discharge characteristics.
- Thin solid state batteries are typically fabricated employing an alkali metal anode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and cathodes of nonstoichiometric compounds, such as teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,035, 4,888,206, 4,911,995, 5,169,446, and 5,080,932.
- alkali metals commercially feasible in manufacturing the anode material, lithium is preferred because it has a low atomic weight, while having a high electronegativity.
- These thin batteries require a high energy density, a long shelf life and efficient operation over a wide range of temperatures.
- FIG. 1(a) One known method for fabricating a thin battery cell is shown in FIG. 1.
- a current collector film is initially provided.
- the collector film can comprise a variety of conductive materials, including but not limited to stainless steel, copper, nickel or aluminum.
- an cathode is positioned superjacent the current collector film preferably by extrusion, as shown in FIG. 1(b). This step also involves curing to sufficiently polymerize the cathode.
- FIG. 1(c) after the cathode is cured, an electrolyte layer is positioned superjacent the cathode and subsequently cured.
- each die has an anode foil comprising lithium or some other suitable alkali positioned superjacent, as illustrated in FIG. 1(e).
- a second conductive layer is subsequently positioned superjacent the lithium anode.
- Each die referring to FIG. 1(g), is then packaged in a stainless steel enclosure such that one current collector is in electrical contact with the top portion of the stainless steel enclosure and the other collector is in contact with the bottom portion of the enclosure.
- Polymer thick film inks have yet to be examined as a conductive layer from which a lithium anode may be formed.
- Many of the difficulties in manufacturing polymer batteries are related to handling and assembling the lithium anodes, the cathodic polymers and the electrolytic polymers. These issues are compounded in part because most techniques in the known art for fabricating these battery types involve forming one battery cell at a time.
- the primary object of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for fabricating a battery cell having an improved packaging thereby eliminating the need for power leads.
- a method for fabricating a leadless battery cell employing both conductive polymer thick film inks and molten lithium.
- the thick film inks can be printed onto a suitable substrate, rigid or flexible, such as glass, ceramics, and/or polymer films, and subsequently coated with molten lithium for use as an anode in lieu of using lithium foil or roll bonding lithium foil or applying molten lithium to solid metal foils such as copper, nickel or stainless steel.
- Molten lithium would then be applied in a very thin layer onto the cured polymer thick film ink.
- the battery employs a leadless package by integrating conductive polymer thick film ink printing process.
- the battery contact pads could be capped with a carbon based thick film ink for wear resistance and increased durability. Nonetheless, in an alternate embodiment, the battery also could comprise leads by directly attaching lead wires.
- the present inventive method for fabricating a battery cell without leads involves several steps.
- a first base preferably comprising a polyester
- a first slot or void is made in the first base.
- a first conductive thick film ink is printed superjacent the first base and the combination is subsequently cured to form a first conductive layer.
- a first conductive thick film ink pad is printed superjacent first conductive layer to ultimately form an electrical contact and the combination is subsequently cured to form a first conductive pad.
- a carbon ink layer is printed superjacent the first conductive pad to provide increased wear resistance and improved durability.
- a cathode layer is formed superjacent the first conductive layer and the combination is subsequently cured.
- an electrolyte layer is formed superjacent the cathode layer and the combination is subsequently cured. This completes fabrication of the first base. It should be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that other process sequences may be used to obtain the same results.
- a second base preferably comprising a polyester
- a second void is made in the second base.
- a second conductive thick film ink is printed superjacent the second base and the combination is subsequently cured to form a second conductive layer.
- a second conductive thick film ink pad is printed superjacent the first conductive layer to ultimately form an electrical contact and the combination is subsequently cured to form a second conductive pad.
- a carbon ink layer is printed superjacent the second conductive pad to provide increased wear resistance and improved durability.
- a molten alkali metal is fused to the second conductive layer and allowed to solidify and cool. This completes fabrication of the second base. It should be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that other process sequences may be used to obtain the same results.
- both first and second bases are properly aligned such that the first pad is exposed through the second slot, and the second pad is exposed through the first slot.
- direct electrical contact can be made to both the first and second conductive layers by means of both pads through both slots.
- base and conductive layers could be modified with electrical contact holes so that electrical contacts are through one provided on the same side of the package base.
- the thick film inks employed in the present inventive method can be standard thick film ink, polymer thick film ink, or high temperature thick film ink. This selection is dependent on the choice for substrate base material. Standard or high temperature thick film ink should be utilized with a ceramic substrate base material. Furthermore, the curing steps involved can be accomplished by means of heat, ultra violet light, infrared light, or electron beam energy. As the choice of means is dependent on the type of thick film ink selected, it should be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that the temperature employed in order to complete the step of curing is dependent on the length of heating, as well as the thickness of the film. For example, a polymer thick film ink can be cured for approximately 60 seconds to 30 minutes at substantially 130° C. to 165° C.
- FIG. 1(a)-(g) are planar views of a known method for fabricating a battery cell
- FIG. 2(a)-(f) are planar views of a first base undergoing the steps of the present invention
- FIG. 3(a)-(e) are planar views of a second base undergoing the steps of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a three dimensional view of both the first and second bases prior to assembly of the battery cell.
- FIG. 5 is a three dimensional view of an assembled battery cell at the present invention.
- first base 10 preferably comprises polyester, though glass, ceramics, or other polymer films can also be employed.
- first base 10 is a very elastic material to provide the resultant battery cell structure with a great deal of flexibility.
- first base 10 preferably comprises an adhesive (not shown) on its surface or outer perimeter to allow it to be adjoined with a second base upon completion of the present inventive method.
- an adhesive not shown
- first base 10 Upon providing first base 10, a first void or slot 15 is made through first base 10, as illustrated in FIG. 2(b). Slot 15 provides an electrical access area to the eventually formed anode. Slot 15 is punched out or extruded from first base 10. A variety of alternate techniques for making a hole in first base 10 are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and thus, are not described in detail.
- First conductive layer 20 is depicted superjacent first base 10 and aligned adjacent to first slot 15.
- First conductive layer 20 preferably comprises conductive polymer thick film ink.
- standard thick film ink, and high temperature thick film ink can also be used, though such use is dependent on the material selected for first base 10.
- First conductive layer 20 serves the same functional purposes as the current collector of the known art. However, because its formation employs conductive ink technologies, it provides much greater flexibility.
- first conductive layer 20 superjacent first base 10 involves two independent steps. Initially, first conductive layer 20, in the liquid ink form, is printed directly superjacent first base 10. Subsequently, first base 10, having the thick film ink printed, is cured. This curing step can be accomplished through a variety of means, including the direct application of heat, ultra violet light, infrared light, and electron beam energy, the choice of which is dependent on the type of thick film ink selected. As the choice of means is dependent on the type of thick film ink selected, it should be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that the temperature employed in order to complete the step of curing is dependent on the length of heating, as well as the thickness of the film. For example, a polymer thick film ink can be cured for approximately 60 seconds to 30 minutes at substantially 130° C. to 165° C.
- first conductive layer 20 comprises a first pad area 25, as both are printed, cured and formed simultaneously. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, first pad 25 may be formed after first conductive layer 20 is cured. In that situation, the polymer thick film ink selected is printed to form first pad 25 in electrical contact with first conductive layer 20. Subsequently, first pad 25 is cured using the techniques described hereinabove.
- capped tip 28 is printed superjacent first pad 25, as shown FIG. 2(d).
- Tip 28 is formed by printing carbon based polymer thick film ink directly onto a portion of first pad 25, and subsequently curing the combination using the techniques described hereinabove.
- the first contact has increased wear resistance and improved durability.
- a cathode 30 is formed superjacent first conductive layer 20.
- Cathode 30 preferably comprises a conductive liquid or paste suitable for screen or stencil printing.
- the cathode material selected can comprise a variety of chemistries, including manganese, cobalt, MnO 2 , and V 6 O 13 , as well as other similar materials obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- Cathode 30 is fabricated superjacent first conductive layer 20 by two independent steps. Initially, cathode 30, in liquid or paste form, is formed directly superjacent first conductive layer 20. Subsequently, the portion of cathode, superjacent first conductive layer 20 is cured. This curing step is accomplished using the techniques described hereinabove.
- Electrolyte film 40 is formed superjacent cathode 30.
- Electrolyte film 40 preferably comprises a liquid or paste suitable for screen or stencil printing. The selection of material for electrolyte film 40 is dependent on the chemistry of materials employed in fabricating cathode 30.
- Electrolyte film 40 is fabricated superjacent cathode 30 by two independent steps. Initially, electrolyte film 40, in the liquid or paste form, is formed directly superjacent cathode 30. Subsequently, the portion of electrolyte film 40 superjacent cathode 30 is cured. This curing step is accomplished using the techniques described hereinabove. Once electrolyte film 40 is cured, first base 10 of the battery cell is complete. Other methods for applying electrolyte film, including the placement of a sheet of electrolyte film superjacent cathode 30 or superjacent an anode layer, are equally employable to achieve the benefits of the present inventive method.
- Second base 50 preferably comprises polyester, though glass, ceramics, or other polymer films can also be employed.
- second base 50 is a very elastic material to provide the resultant battery cell structure with a great deal of flexibility. While first base 10 and second base 50 are formed independently, several of the steps necessary to complete these bases are identical. As such, both first base 10 and second base 50 can be fabricated simultaneously from the same base material.
- second base 50 preferably comprises an adhesive (not shown) on its surface or outer perimeter to allow it to be adjoined with first base 10 upon completion of the present inventive method.
- adhesive not shown
- a variety of alternate techniques for adjoining two bases are known, and as such, one of ordinary skill in the art could easily choose an alternate method to accomplish this final step.
- a second void or slot 55 is made through second base 10, as illustrated in FIG. 3(b).
- Slot 55 provides an electrical access area to cathode 30, after first bases 10 and second base 50 are adjoined. Slot 55 is punched out or extruded from second base 50.
- a variety of alternate techniques for making a hole in second base 50 are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and thus are described in detail.
- Second conductive layer 60 is depicted superjacent second base 50 and aligned adjacent to second slot 55.
- Second conductive layer 60 preferably comprises conductive polymer thick film ink.
- standard thick film ink, and high temperature thick film ink can also be used, though such use is dependent on the material selected for first base 10.
- Second conductive layer 60 serves as a terminal and as a metal bearing polymer to which a lithium anode will ultimately be formed.
- second conductive layer 60 superjacent second base 50 involves two independent steps. Initially, second conductive layer 60, in the liquid ink form, is printed directly superjacent second base 50. Subsequently, second base 50, having the thick film ink printed, is cured. This curing step can be accomplished through a variety of means, including the direct application of heat, ultra violet light, infrared light, and electron beam energy. The choice of means is dependent the type of thick film ink selected.
- second conductive layer 60 comprises a second pad area 65, as both are printed, cured and formed simultaneously. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, second pad 65 may be formed after second conductive layer 60 is cured. In that situation, the polymer thick film ink selected is printed to form second pad 65 in electrical contact with second conductive layer 60. Subsequently, pad 65 is cured using the techniques described hereinabove.
- capped tip 68 is printed superjacent second pad 65 as shown FIG. 3(d).
- Tip 68 is formed by printing carbon based polymer thick film ink directly onto a portion of second pad 65, and subsequently curing the combination using the techniques described hereinabove.
- the first contact should have increased wear resistance and improved durability.
- an anode 70 is formed superjacent second conductive layer 60.
- Anode 70 comprises an alkali metal, preferably lithium.
- Anode 70 is fabricated superjacent second conductive layer 60 by fusing the alkali metal, in molten form, to second conductive layer 60.
- a variety of techniques for this fusing step are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and as such, are not described in detail.
- first base 10 now turned upside down, resembles a first sandwich comprising first conductive layer 20, cathode 30, and electrolyte layer 40 subjacent first base 10.
- First pad 25 having capped tip 28 is in electrical contact with first conductive layer 20.
- First pad 25 is symmetrically arranged beside first slot 15 and over slot 55.
- second base 50 resembles a second sandwich comprising second conductive layer 60--and anode 70 superjacent second base 50.
- Second pad 65 having capped tip 68 is in electrical contact with second conductive layer 60.
- Second pad 65 is symmetrically arranged beside second slot 55 and over slot 15
- first area 80 and second area 90 Surrounding both the first sandwich and the second sandwich are first area 80 and second area 90. It is in these areas where adhesive material is positioned for joining first base 10 and second base 50. Prior to adjoining these bases, however, first base 10 and second base 50 are physically associated such that second slot 55 is properly aligned with first pad 25 and its capped tip 28, and first slot 15 is properly aligned with second pad 65 and its capped tip 68.
- first base 10 and second base 50 Prior to adjoining these bases, however, first base 10 and second base 50 are physically associated such that second slot 55 is properly aligned with first pad 25 and its capped tip 28, and first slot 15 is properly aligned with second pad 65 and its capped tip 68.
- first base 10 and second base 50 Prior to adjoining these bases, however, first base 10 and second base 50 are physically associated such that second slot 55 is properly aligned with first pad 25 and its capped tip 28, and first slot 15 is properly aligned with second pad 65 and its capped tip 68.
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/071,463 US5624468A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1993-06-02 | Method for fabricating a leadless battery employing an alkali metal anode and polymer film inks |
US08/645,614 US5735912A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1996-05-14 | Methods of forming battery electrodes |
US08/740,928 US5658684A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1996-11-05 | Battery having orifices for connection with electrode terminals |
US08/834,292 US5747190A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1997-04-15 | Multilayered battery having a cured conductive ink layer |
US08/834,289 US5865859A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1997-04-15 | Method of forming batteries with printed cathode layers |
US08/842,550 US5747191A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1997-04-15 | Multilayered battery having a cured conductive ink layer |
US08/842,594 US5735914A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1997-04-15 | Method for forming battery constructions |
US09/018,923 US6004359A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-02-05 | Methods of forming battery electrodes |
US09/028,694 US5906661A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-02-24 | Battery constructions and method for forming such battery constructions |
US09/047,785 US6030721A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-03-24 | Batteries comprising an ink layer |
US09/047,762 US6025089A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-03-24 | Battery comprising ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/071,463 US5624468A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1993-06-02 | Method for fabricating a leadless battery employing an alkali metal anode and polymer film inks |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/645,614 Continuation-In-Part US5735912A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1996-05-14 | Methods of forming battery electrodes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5624468A true US5624468A (en) | 1997-04-29 |
Family
ID=22101493
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/071,463 Expired - Lifetime US5624468A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1993-06-02 | Method for fabricating a leadless battery employing an alkali metal anode and polymer film inks |
US08/740,928 Expired - Lifetime US5658684A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1996-11-05 | Battery having orifices for connection with electrode terminals |
Family Applications After (1)
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US08/740,928 Expired - Lifetime US5658684A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1996-11-05 | Battery having orifices for connection with electrode terminals |
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US (2) | US5624468A (en) |
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WO1998020568A1 (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 1998-05-14 | Motorola Inc. | Electrodes for electrochemical cells and method of making same |
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US6273339B1 (en) | 1999-08-30 | 2001-08-14 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Tamper resistant smart card and method of protecting data in a smart card |
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US6325294B2 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 2001-12-04 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver |
US6672513B2 (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 2004-01-06 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Flexible battery and band for user supported module |
US20050260492A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-24 | Tucholski Gary R | Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same |
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US20060121851A1 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-08 | Steve Moore | Ultra-wideband security system |
US20060216586A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Tucholski Gary R | Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a "picture frame" and methods of making the same |
US20090038746A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-02-12 | Tucholski Gary R | Rfid antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same |
US20100040941A1 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2010-02-18 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Flexible Thin Printed Battery and Device and Method of Manufacturing Same |
US7746230B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2010-06-29 | Round Rock Research, Llc | Radio frequency identification device and method |
US7839285B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2010-11-23 | Round Rock Resarch, LLC | Electronic communication devices, methods of forming electrical communication devices, and communications methods |
USRE42773E1 (en) | 1992-06-17 | 2011-10-04 | Round Rock Research, Llc | Method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver |
US8441411B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2013-05-14 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Integrated electronic device and methods of making the same |
US8574754B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2013-11-05 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | High current thin electrochemical cell and methods of making the same |
US8765284B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2014-07-01 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Multi-cell battery |
US9027242B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2015-05-12 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Cell attachment method |
US9243169B2 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2016-01-26 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Security laminate |
US9444078B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2016-09-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Battery cell construction |
US9528033B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2016-12-27 | R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company | Electrolyte material composition and method |
US9693689B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-04 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
US9778201B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2017-10-03 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Capsule or cork comprising security features |
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USRE42773E1 (en) | 1992-06-17 | 2011-10-04 | Round Rock Research, Llc | Method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver |
US6325294B2 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 2001-12-04 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver |
US7746230B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2010-06-29 | Round Rock Research, Llc | Radio frequency identification device and method |
US8018340B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2011-09-13 | Round Rock Research, Llc | System and method to track articles at a point of origin and at a point of destination using RFID |
US6672513B2 (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 2004-01-06 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Flexible battery and band for user supported module |
WO1998020568A1 (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 1998-05-14 | Motorola Inc. | Electrodes for electrochemical cells and method of making same |
US7948382B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2011-05-24 | Round Rock Research, Llc | Electronic communication devices, methods of forming electrical communication devices, and communications methods |
US7839285B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2010-11-23 | Round Rock Resarch, LLC | Electronic communication devices, methods of forming electrical communication devices, and communications methods |
US6045942A (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2000-04-04 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Low profile battery and method of making same |
US6273339B1 (en) | 1999-08-30 | 2001-08-14 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Tamper resistant smart card and method of protecting data in a smart card |
WO2001060924A2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Sicpa Holding S.A. | Pigments having a viewing angle dependent shift of color, method of making, use and coating composition comprising of said pigments and detecting device |
US20100040941A1 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2010-02-18 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Flexible Thin Printed Battery and Device and Method of Manufacturing Same |
US7727290B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2010-06-01 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Flexible thin printed battery and device and method of manufacturing same |
US6986199B2 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2006-01-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Laser-based technique for producing and embedding electrochemical cells and electronic components directly into circuit board materials |
US8722235B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2014-05-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same |
US20050260492A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-24 | Tucholski Gary R | Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same |
US20060121851A1 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-08 | Steve Moore | Ultra-wideband security system |
US8029927B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2011-10-04 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a “picture frame” and methods of making the same |
US20060216586A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Tucholski Gary R | Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a "picture frame" and methods of making the same |
US8268475B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2012-09-18 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Thin printable electrochemical cell and methods of making the same |
US20090038746A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-02-12 | Tucholski Gary R | Rfid antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same |
US8734980B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2014-05-27 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Electrical device-battery assembly and the method to make the same |
US8722233B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2014-05-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | RFID antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same |
US8441411B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2013-05-14 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Integrated electronic device and methods of making the same |
US8574754B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2013-11-05 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | High current thin electrochemical cell and methods of making the same |
US9027242B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2015-05-12 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Cell attachment method |
US8765284B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2014-07-01 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Multi-cell battery |
US9778201B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2017-10-03 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Capsule or cork comprising security features |
US10617306B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2020-04-14 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
US9782082B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2017-10-10 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
US9444078B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2016-09-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Battery cell construction |
US9243169B2 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2016-01-26 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Security laminate |
US9718997B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2017-08-01 | R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company | Battery |
US9528033B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2016-12-27 | R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company | Electrolyte material composition and method |
US10106710B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2018-10-23 | R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company | Insulator material composition and method |
US9693689B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-04 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
US10631731B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
US10916761B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2021-02-09 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Low melting temperature metal purification and deposition |
US10849501B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2020-12-01 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
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US11573604B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2023-02-07 | Chengdu Boe Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Power supply module, flexible display panel and display apparatus |
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