US5440109A - Automatic toll ticketing system - Google Patents
Automatic toll ticketing system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5440109A US5440109A US08/208,813 US20881394A US5440109A US 5440109 A US5440109 A US 5440109A US 20881394 A US20881394 A US 20881394A US 5440109 A US5440109 A US 5440109A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- infrared
- ticketing system
- automatic toll
- toll ticketing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to an automatic toll ticketing system. More specifically, the present invention relates to an automatic toll ticketing system for roadway use by vehicles including on-board equipment having a communication means, a vehicle transceiver and an electronic purse in the form of a processor card, or what is referred to as a "smart card.”
- the automatic toll ticketing system has toll stations arranged at the roadways that implement a data exchange with at least one wireless communications equipment attached to or over the roadway which debit a use fee while preserving the anonymity of the vehicle user.
- Toll ticketing systems for roadway use are generally known, particularly systems that are referred to as "closed systems.” Toll ticketing systems are increasingly gaining in significance because distance-related roadway use fees are being increasingly demanded by many traffic and environmental engineers. Introduction into countries of such toll ticketing systems that were previously toll-free, however, encounters many difficulties. Only automatic toll ticketing systems that do not impede the flow of traffic and that can be economically erected and operated on the existing road network are considered for high-use roadway networks.
- German patent 38 33 716 C2 discloses an automatic roadway toll collecting unit wherein an IS card is employed as a recording medium for collecting tolls based on a bank account of a roadway user.
- a significant disadvantage of this known automatic collecting unit is that the owner or driver of the vehicle does not remain anonymous. It is also disadvantageous that the collecting of the roadway toll is only possible given stationary vehicles in a toll lane provided for this purpose.
- European Patent Application No. 413 948-A1 discloses a system for automatic data transmission, preferably for the automatic payment of roadway tolls, i.e. wirelessly. To this end, an optical system that images optical absorption areas specifically aligned onto respective lanes is implemented for the data transmission for this purpose. This type of optical system requires a complicated structural fashioning and is not suitable for fast and extensive data traffic because of the comparatively short contact time as a result thereof.
- an object of the present invention to enable a reliable, dependable communication between the vehicles and the payment station on multi-lane roads with undiminished vehicle speeds and with changing of lanes by the vehicles, as well as to enable a localization of the communicating vehicle in order to recognize vehicles paying and non-paying vehicles.
- an automatic ticketing system for roadway use by vehicles having an on-board apparatus with a first communication means, a vehicle transceiver, and an electronic purse in the form of a processor card.
- the roadway has pay stations arranged at the roadway that implement a data exchange with at least one wireless communication means attached at or above the roadway and debit a use toll while preserving the anonymity of a user of the vehicle.
- the toll ticketing system comprises a vehicle localization means operatively connected at the wireless communication means at the pay station.
- the vehicle localization means identifies the position of the vehicle.
- the vehicle communicates by outputting brief-duration optical signals by the vehicle transceiver. A temporary identifier is known from the communication protocol allocated to the optical signal.
- the localization means identifies the position of the vehicle communicating at the moment based on a brief duration, and an optical signal output by the vehicle communicating at the moment is allocated to this optical signal.
- the temporary identifier is known from the communication protocol.
- Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an additional output signal formed by an infrared photoflash which is output in response to a request on the part of the pay station.
- a vehicle localization means is thereby expediently formed by an infrared-sensitive video camera that identifies the position of this vehicle based on the optical imaging and correspondingly allocates or correlates the image with a computer-controlled evaluation.
- the debiting of the present invention ensues within a defined communication region wherein the successful debiting is acknowledged on a part of the vehicle and is documented on a processor card in order to have particulars about the payment that has been carried out as proof in a check which may potentially be carried out later. It is, therefore, an advantage of the present invention to acknowledge the ensued debiting with the optical signal and/or the infrared photoflash.
- a vehicle detection means for all vehicles that is coordinated with the vehicle localization means is arranged at the pay station in an embodiment of the present invention. Those vehicles that have not output an acknowledgement signal can thus be found, identified and registered by, for example, photographic acquisition systems.
- the vehicle detection means can be formed by a known traffic radar means which detects the individual vehicles separated according to lane.
- the non-payers are registered with a film or video camera for still and moving pictures, i.e., with a known photographic acquisition system, whereby the exact allocation or correlation to the vehicle ensues with the traffic radar means.
- the data exchange can ensue with the assistance of microwave transmission technology. It is advantageously provided, however, that the data transmission be implemented with the assistance of the infrared light transmission.
- the infrared light transmission known from a traffic routing and information system (EURO-SCOUT) can thereby be employed.
- an electronic video camera is arranged at the pay station that preferably localizes the vehicles when the pay station requests that the vehicle transceiver transmit a message as documentation for correct payment.
- the video camera becomes active while the communication system receives this message in order to identify the position of the paying transceiver.
- a separate infrared photoflash is thereby not required; this is advantageous for an exact and reliable localization.
- the active transmission diodes of a vehicle transceiver are thus acquired as a light source with the assistance of the infrared-sensitive camera which is expediently attached immediately next to the infrared station antenna or, respectively, the infrared transmission and reception means.
- various measures can be employed.
- An optical filter which allows only light having the wavelength of the infrared rays employed is attached in the beam path of the camera.
- the infrared transmission diodes of the vehicle transceiver are arranged in a very specific form that can be easily relocated by image evaluation and can be reliably demarcated with respect to noise sources.
- a further advantage of the present invention is matching of exposure time of the electronic camera to the transmission phase of the vehicle transceiver, whereby an individual vehicle is designationally requested to transmit by the pay station within the framework of the transmission protocol.
- static light sources are highly suppressed by a differentiation technique. To this end, two images are registered during and immediately after the transmission activity and a difference image is formed therefrom. As a result, the disturbing light sources are largely suppressed, and only the transmission diodes are clearly recognizable for the infrared flash or the infrared transmission.
- the directional information can be converted into absolute coordinates from the camera image acquired with the infrared-sensitive video camera, whereby information, such as, for example, installation height of the transceiver, can be utilized in addition to the location and the alignment of the camera.
- the distance to the transceiver can thus be calculated from the visual size of the transceiver in the camera image.
- a medium installation height of the transceiver is thereby provided for identical vehicle classes.
- the type of vehicle i.e. the vehicle class, can be co-transmitted from the vehicle to the pay station in the data exchange.
- the individual installation position of the transceiver can likewise be transmitted from the vehicle to the pay station.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a pay station/at a three-lane motor highway.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram for an automatic toll ticketing and vehicle check.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram for the vehicle localization and detection as well as vehicle identification and registration at a multi-lane pay station.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a motor highway 10 having three lanes 12a, 12b, and 12c in one travel direction having a signal bridge 14.
- a pay station 16 in this embodiment comprises a respective infrared beacon 18 at the left side and at the right side of the signal bridge 14.
- the infrared beacons 18 are a part of an infrared communication means 20.
- the two infrared beacons 18 illuminate a specific communication region 22 in a travel direction.
- An infrared video camera 24, which is part of an infrared light localization means 26, a traffic radar means having a radar detector 28 and a normal video camera 30, which is part of a vehicle identification and registration means 32 are located at the signal bridge 14. These devices are connected to a control and evaluation means 34 where all of the data processing and correlation ensues.
- the data processing functions and correlations are schematically illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the data exchange between the pay station 16 and the individual vehicles is carried out via the infrared beacons 18 with the assistance of the infrared communication means 20.
- High quality encoding is required (crypto module) in order to be able to administer the credit on a processor card protected against fraud.
- the beacon controller 36 of the infrared communication means 20 controls the transaction with the vehicle and the control and evaluation means 34.
- a successfully implemented debiting is confirmed with an acknowledgement signal 38 that is simultaneously employed for the optical signalling from a vehicle transceiver. This is indicated with a trigger pulse 40 which informs the infrared localization means 26 of the acknowledgement.
- the infrared localization means 26 or a vehicle localization means 42 acquire the position of the vehicle that has paid and likewise informs a correlation means 44 of the control and evaluation means 34 of the position and payment of the vehicle.
- a traffic radar means i.e. with a vehicle detection means 46 and the appertaining radar detector 28.
- the positions of the vehicles are communicated to the correlation means 44 of the control and evaluation means 34. In this way, the position of the vehicles that have paid is identified and the non-payers are recognized. The information with respect to payers and non-payers is then available for an exact acquisition and identification.
- Registration means 32 is provided for determining the violators with the normal video camera 30, a video controller 48 and a video recorder 50.
- a monitor 52 is provided in the vehicle identification and registration means 32.
- the control and evaluation means 34 informs the vehicle identification and registration means 32 what vehicles have paid and what vehicles have not paid within a communication limit 54 that may then be identified and registered.
- the localization detection, identification and registration of vehicles are illustrated in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 3 a plan view onto the pay station 16 is illustrated having three lanes 12a, 12b, and 12c in one direction of the motor highway.
- Three vehicles 56a, 56b, and 56c are located on the highway.
- the infrared beacons 18 to the left and to the right of the motor highway 10 illuminate a specific communication region 22.
- the infrared video camera 24, the radar detector 28 and the normal video camera 30, which acquire the entire area in front of the pay station 16, are arranged approximately in the middle of the signal bridge 14.
- FIG. 3 also illustrates how the infrared communication means 20 recognizes the vehicle which is actually unknown to it as a vehicle that has paid.
- the infrared localization means 26 Based on an optical signal 58 that the vehicle 56a outputs, the infrared localization means 26 recognizes the position of the vehicle 56a.
- the vehicle detection means 46 With the assistance of the traffic radar means 28, the vehicle detection means 46 recognizes the three vehicles 56a, 56b, and 56c that are shown here in the vehicle detection means 46 and are referenced by the numerals 6, 7, and 8.
- the vehicle identification and registration means 32 visualizes the traffic situation and likewise displays the three vehicles by the designations 6, 7, and 8.
- the data of the three or four devices are correlated in the control and evaluation means 34 so that the visual presentation in the vehicle identification and registration means 32 shows the first vehicle 56a as having paid with the number 7, shows the second vehicle 56b, which has reached the communication limit 54 as a non-payer with the number 6, and shows the third vehicle 56c, which is still located in the communication region 54 as not yet having been handled or otherwise recognized and is referenced with the number 8.
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4310580A DE4310580A1 (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Automatic fee entry system |
DE4310580.7 | 1993-03-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5440109A true US5440109A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
Family
ID=6484398
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/208,813 Expired - Fee Related US5440109A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1994-03-11 | Automatic toll ticketing system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5440109A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0625768B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH076236A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE181436T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4310580A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0625768T3 (en) |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996007168A1 (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-07 | At/Comm Incorporated | Systems and methods for automated toll collection enforcement |
EP0751480A2 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for encoding and verifying information in the form of a label |
US5673034A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1997-09-30 | Saliga; Thomas V. | Security system comprising three apparatuses sharing a time-varying code |
US5819234A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1998-10-06 | The Chase Manhattan Bank | Toll collection system |
US5859415A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1999-01-12 | Saab-Scania Combitech Aktiebolag | Method and apparatus for the registration of a vehicle(s) in a free flow toll facility by tracking the vehicle along a path in the toll facility area |
EP0779600A3 (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1999-04-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Moving vehicle specification system including an auxiliary specification function |
US5955970A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-09-21 | Denso Corporation | On-board electronic device for use in electronic toll collection system |
US5962833A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1999-10-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle-mounted apparatus for road-to-vehicle communications and road-to-vehicle communication system |
US5969641A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-10-19 | Nec Corporation | Vehicle identification system for electric toll collection system |
US6015088A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2000-01-18 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Decoding of real time video imaging |
US6088680A (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 2000-07-11 | Fujitsu Limited | Automatic toll adjusting system, and storage medium with a radio communication function, frequency converting apparatus, writing apparatus, settling apparatus, depositing apparatus and inquiring apparatus therefor |
US6109525A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 2000-08-29 | Saab-Scania Combitech Akitiebolag | Method and device for registering vehicles in a road toll facility |
US6138912A (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2000-10-31 | Nec Corporation | Vehicle identification system and method using signal arrival angle measurement |
US6188329B1 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2001-02-13 | Nestor, Inc. | Integrated traffic light violation citation generation and court date scheduling system |
EP1176570A2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-01-30 | SAI Servizi Aerei Industriali S.p.A. | Traffic control and management system comprising infrared sensors |
US6356208B1 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2002-03-12 | Chunghwatelecom Co., Ltd. | Structure for a car sensing infrared communication device placed over a lane of a freeway |
US6398110B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2002-06-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of providing services for users and a service processing system for the same |
US6410876B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2002-06-25 | P.W.T. S.P.A. | Method for orbital welding of small-, medium-, and large-diameter pipes |
WO2002061690A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Control method for use in a toll determination system |
US20020183928A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2002-12-05 | Klaus Winter | Model-supported allocation of vehicles to traffic lanes |
US20030011494A1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2003-01-16 | Helmut Reider | Automatic fee charging system |
US6588661B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2003-07-08 | Em Microelectronic-Marin Sa | System and method for wireless communication between several transceivers, arranged respectively in several delimited spaces, and portable electronic units |
US6654482B1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 2003-11-25 | Michel Parent | Method and device for locating and guiding a mobile unit equipped with a linear camera |
US6656091B1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2003-12-02 | Kevin G. Abelbeck | Exercise device control and billing system |
US20040026496A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-12 | Patrick Zuili | Remote portable and universal smartcard authentication and authorization device |
US6754663B1 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2004-06-22 | Nestor, Inc. | Video-file based citation generation system for traffic light violations |
US6760061B1 (en) | 1997-04-14 | 2004-07-06 | Nestor Traffic Systems, Inc. | Traffic sensor |
US6834267B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2004-12-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Vehicle-mounted toll-paying device that enables a safe verification of an inserted IC card |
US20050046597A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-03 | Hutchison Michael C. | Traffic light signal system using radar-based target detection and tracking |
US6892942B1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2005-05-17 | Vodafone Holding Gmbh | Roadside control device for a toll apparatus installed in a motor vehicle |
US6999936B2 (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2006-02-14 | Sehr Richard P | Electronic ticketing system and methods utilizing multi-service visitor cards |
US7107455B1 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2006-09-12 | Dell Usa, L.P. | Computer information access based on a transmitted identification signal |
US20060278709A1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 2006-12-14 | Longacre Andrew Jr | Bar code reading device for reading 1D or 2D bar code symbols |
US7191950B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2007-03-20 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Portable tendering and customer service stations and related systems and method |
US20120095920A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-19 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fuel island authorization for trucking industry |
US8396809B1 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2013-03-12 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method for reducing purchase time |
US20140327778A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2014-11-06 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an automated fuel authorization program for fuel terminals using a camera as part of the authorization process |
US9607464B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-28 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fuel island authorization for trucking industry using proximity sensors |
US20170091723A1 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2017-03-30 | Thales | Device for controlling data carried by an item of on-board equipment, associated fee collection system and method |
US9787950B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-10 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an automated fuel authorization program for fuel terminals using a camera as part of the authorization process |
US9815681B2 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2017-11-14 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for use in an automated fuel authorization program requiring data to be dynamically retrieved from a vehicle data bus during fuel authorization |
US9828233B2 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2017-11-28 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automatically monitoring fuel tank ullage in an automated fuel authorization program |
US9856129B2 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2018-01-02 | Zonar Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automatically monitoring fuel tank ullage in an automated fuel authorization program |
US11302119B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2022-04-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Machinery Systems, Ltd. | Toll collection facility, onboard unit, toll collection system, toll collection method, and program |
Families Citing this family (9)
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DE4410450C2 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1998-04-30 | Iav Gmbh | Procedures for the electronic collection of road user fees and the control of their collection in road vehicles |
DE4422418B4 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 2008-03-27 | Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr | Procedure for the electronic collection of road tolls and for the control of their collection on road vehicles |
DE4426292A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1996-02-08 | Iav Gmbh | Electronic levying method for road use charges |
DE4446674A1 (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-06-20 | Teledrive Telematik Im Verkehr | Control system for automatic control of approach of vehicles to toll barrier e.g. parking place or tunnel |
JP3095654B2 (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 2000-10-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Mobile monitoring device |
WO1997050067A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-31 | Philips Electronics N.V. | A multilane traffic registration system, comprising multiple and gantry-mounted detector means |
JP3983404B2 (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2007-09-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Radar equipped vehicle gate |
CN104574544B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市金溢科技股份有限公司 | Method for communicating with OBU and RSU |
JP7040936B2 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2022-03-23 | 株式会社ゼンリンデータコム | Information gathering system and information gathering device |
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- 1994-03-10 EP EP94103707A patent/EP0625768B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-10 AT AT94103707T patent/ATE181436T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-10 DE DE59408408T patent/DE59408408D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1994-03-31 JP JP6083768A patent/JPH076236A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (71)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6109525A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 2000-08-29 | Saab-Scania Combitech Akitiebolag | Method and device for registering vehicles in a road toll facility |
US5859415A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1999-01-12 | Saab-Scania Combitech Aktiebolag | Method and apparatus for the registration of a vehicle(s) in a free flow toll facility by tracking the vehicle along a path in the toll facility area |
US5673034A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1997-09-30 | Saliga; Thomas V. | Security system comprising three apparatuses sharing a time-varying code |
US8397992B2 (en) | 1994-03-04 | 2013-03-19 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Optical reader having image sensor for reading decodable indicia |
US20070164114A1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 2007-07-19 | Longacre Andrew Jr | Method and apparatus for reading decodable indicia |
US8602309B2 (en) | 1994-03-04 | 2013-12-10 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Bar code reading device for reading 1D or 2D bar code symbols |
US20060278709A1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 2006-12-14 | Longacre Andrew Jr | Bar code reading device for reading 1D or 2D bar code symbols |
US6088680A (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 2000-07-11 | Fujitsu Limited | Automatic toll adjusting system, and storage medium with a radio communication function, frequency converting apparatus, writing apparatus, settling apparatus, depositing apparatus and inquiring apparatus therefor |
WO1996007168A1 (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-07 | At/Comm Incorporated | Systems and methods for automated toll collection enforcement |
EP0751480B1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 2004-02-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for encoding and verifying information in the form of a label |
EP0751480A2 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for encoding and verifying information in the form of a label |
US5962833A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1999-10-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle-mounted apparatus for road-to-vehicle communications and road-to-vehicle communication system |
EP0779600A3 (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1999-04-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Moving vehicle specification system including an auxiliary specification function |
AU713387B2 (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-12-02 | Nec Corporation | Vehicle identification system for electric toll collection system |
US5969641A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-10-19 | Nec Corporation | Vehicle identification system for electric toll collection system |
US5819234A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1998-10-06 | The Chase Manhattan Bank | Toll collection system |
US6015088A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2000-01-18 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Decoding of real time video imaging |
US6760061B1 (en) | 1997-04-14 | 2004-07-06 | Nestor Traffic Systems, Inc. | Traffic sensor |
US6999936B2 (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2006-02-14 | Sehr Richard P | Electronic ticketing system and methods utilizing multi-service visitor cards |
US5955970A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-09-21 | Denso Corporation | On-board electronic device for use in electronic toll collection system |
US6138912A (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2000-10-31 | Nec Corporation | Vehicle identification system and method using signal arrival angle measurement |
US6494369B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2002-12-17 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of providing services for users and a service processing system for the same |
US6398110B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2002-06-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of providing services for users and a service processing system for the same |
US6654482B1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 2003-11-25 | Michel Parent | Method and device for locating and guiding a mobile unit equipped with a linear camera |
US6892942B1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2005-05-17 | Vodafone Holding Gmbh | Roadside control device for a toll apparatus installed in a motor vehicle |
US6834267B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2004-12-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Vehicle-mounted toll-paying device that enables a safe verification of an inserted IC card |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE181436T1 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
EP0625768A2 (en) | 1994-11-23 |
DE4310580A1 (en) | 1994-10-06 |
DE59408408D1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
DK0625768T3 (en) | 1999-11-22 |
EP0625768A3 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
JPH076236A (en) | 1995-01-10 |
EP0625768B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
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