US5186265A - Retrievable bit and eccentric reamer assembly - Google Patents
Retrievable bit and eccentric reamer assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5186265A US5186265A US07/748,410 US74841091A US5186265A US 5186265 A US5186265 A US 5186265A US 74841091 A US74841091 A US 74841091A US 5186265 A US5186265 A US 5186265A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drill pipe
- wellbore
- bit assembly
- bit
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/265—Bi-center drill bits, i.e. an integral bit and eccentric reamer used to simultaneously drill and underream the hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/64—Drill bits characterised by the whole or part thereof being insertable into or removable from the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe
- E21B10/66—Drill bits characterised by the whole or part thereof being insertable into or removable from the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe the cutting element movable through the drilling pipe and laterally shiftable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
- E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to a retrievable motor-driven bit and reamer assembly for use in drilling with well casing or drill pipe wherein the bit and reamer assembly may be retrieved without removing the casing or drill pipe from the wellbore.
- a co-pending patent application Ser. No. 07/744,852 filed Aug. 14, 1991, assigned to the assignee of the instant invention, entitled "Drilling With Casing and Retrievable Drill Bit” and filed in the name of Richard E. Leturno is directed to one improvement in retrievable drill bits with reamer or cutter arms which enlarge the wellbore to accommodate the drillstem but which may be retracted to permit retrieval of the bit assembly through the drillstem without removing the drillstem from the wellbore.
- the improvements described in the above-referenced patent application are particularly useful, as with the present invention, for operations in so-called drilling with casing or drill pipe which is left in the wellbore to form a casing or support structure.
- the present invention provides another retrievable bit assembly which utilizes a unique mechanism for providing eccentric cutting action to enlarge the wellbore to permit movement of the drill pipe or casing into the wellbore behind the bit.
- the present invention provides a unique retrievable drill bit assembly including a reaming or undercutting portion which is movable between cutting and retracted positions through rotation of the bit and a drive shaft portion therefor.
- an eccentric bearing and cutting member are supported on a shaft behind the primary or pilot bit for enlarging the wellbore to permit passage of the drill pipe or "casing" through the wellbore while at the same time permitting removal or retrieval of the bit and cutter from the wellbore without removing the drillstem.
- the present invention further provides a bit and motor assembly which may be inserted into a wellbore and retrieved therefrom by pumping the bit and motor assembly down through a drillstem with drilling fluid or other insertion means and by retrieving the bit and motor assembly through reverse circulation of drilling fluid.
- a retrievable bit and motor assembly for drilling with drill pipe or casing which is left in the wellbore wherein the bit has an eccentric cutting or reaming portion which may be moved from a working position to a retrieving position by circulation of drilling fluid through the wellbore in a reverse mode.
- the motor housing is advantageously engageable with a drillstem sub by cooperating interfitting splines and a fluid-flow-restricting seal. Reverse fluid circulation is controlled by a check valve and a motor inlet port restriction to permit pumping the motor and bit assembly up the drillstem for retrieval.
- the bit and motor assembly of the present invention permits drilling with casing and retrieval of the drill bit without retrieval of the casing or drill pipe from the wellbore.
- the eccentric reaming or cutting portion of the bit assembly which acts as a hole-enlarging mechanism provides for drilling operations which generate less friction and less torque as compared with certain other types of cutting or reaming mechanisms.
- the rotation of the pilot or centralized bit with the eccentric cutting or hole-enlarging bit portion at the same speed improves stability of the mechanism.
- the mechanism may be utilized in generally vertical as well as curved or generally horizontal wellbores. The mechanism utilizes relatively few parts and may be inserted in and withdrawn from the drillstring with relative ease.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a portion of a drillstring comprising a well casing in a working position for drilling a wellbore with a conventional rotary drilling rig;
- FIG. 2 is a detail vertical section view of part of the wellbore of FIG. 1 showing the retrievable motor-driven bit and cutter assembly of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a section view taken generally from the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a section view taken from the line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing the reamer or cutter in its hole-cutting position
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the cutter body.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated a wellbore 10 being drilled into a formation 12 utilizing a conventional drilling rig 14 having a main deck 16 supporting a rotary table 18 thereon.
- a surface pipe or casing 20 has already been installed in the wellbore 10 and is fitted at its top end with a bell nipple 22 and, when needed, a diverter 24.
- the well 10 is being drilled with a drillstem 26 which may comprise a relatively large-diameter pipe known as "casing" which will be left in the wellbore and not removed therefrom during drilling operations.
- the drillstem 26 is made up of sectionalized lengths of pipe or casing 28 which are suitably coupled together in a conventional manner.
- the upper end of the drillstem 26 includes a pipe or casing section 28 which is connected to a reducer or cross-over sub 30, a kelly-cock 32 and a swivel 34.
- the drillstem 26 is suspended from a conventional block-and-tackle assembly, not shown, including a hook 36 connected to the swivel.
- Drilling fluid is conducted down through the interior of the drillstem 26 from a source, not shown, by way of a conduit 40 and is circulated up through the annular area 42 formed between the wellbore 10 and the drillstem 26 and to a conditioning system, also not shown, by a suitable conduit 44 connected to the bell nipple 22.
- Drilling fluid may be circulated in a reverse manner, that is by way of the conduit 44 and the bell nipple 22 down through the annular area 42, if the diverter 24 is actuated to prevent leakage of fluid out of the top of the bell nipple.
- fluid would circulate up through the interior of the drillstem 26 and the swivel 34 to the conduit 40.
- Reverse fluid circulation is advantageously utilized in connection with the present invention as will be explained in further detail herein.
- the lower end of the drillstem 26 includes a sub 52 which is connected to the lowermost drillstem section 28 in a conventional manner.
- the sub 52 supports a retrievable drill bit and cutter or reamer assembly, generally designated by the numeral 54, for operation to form the wellbore 10 ahead of the drillstem 26 in such a way that the annular area 42 is formed and the drillstem 26 may be inserted in and progress through the wellbore but not, if desired, withdrawn therefrom.
- the bit assembly 54 is retrievable from the lower end of the drillstem 26 without removing it from the wellbore.
- the retrievable bit assembly 54 is of a type which includes and is adapted to be driven by a motor, generally designated by the numeral 56, which is disposed in the sub 52 and is secured thereto such that the motor does not rotate relative to the drillstem 26 but does have a rotary output shaft 58 which rotates relative to the drillstem 26.
- the shaft 58 is preferably connected to a stabilizer member 60, which in turn is connected to a reduced diameter shaft 62 which extends downward and out of the lower distal end 53 of the sub 52.
- the lower portion of shaft 62 has suitably secured thereto an eccentric cylindrical cam or bearing member 64, see FIG. 4 also.
- the shaft 62 also extends beyond the bearing member 64 and includes a lower coupling part 68 which is adapted to be coupled to a conventional rotary drill bit 70.
- the bit 70 is of a type in which drilling fluid is conducted through suitable nozzle means 72 to flow into the pilot wellbore portion 11 being formed by the bit 70, as illustrated.
- the nozzle means 72 in the bit 70 is in communication with a passage 63 which extends through the shaft 62 including the coupling portion 68, the sub or stabilizer 60 and the shaft 58.
- a filter screen 74 is preferably interposed in the passage 63 at the nozzle means 72, as indicated, to prevent circulation of debris into the passage 63 during so-called reverse circulation for a purpose to be explained later herein.
- the bit assembly 54 further includes a unique, generally cylindrical hole-enlarging cutting or reaming part 76 which has an eccentric bore 78 formed therein and which journals the bearing member 64. Suitable cutter buttons or inserts 79 are formed over a predetermined outer portion of the generally cylindrical cutter part 76 as indicated in FIGS. 2 and 4 through 6.
- the cutter part 76 is retained on the shaft 62 in the position shown in FIG. 2 by a reduced diameter flange portion 80 which engages the coupling part 68.
- FIG. 4 in both FIGS. 2 and 4 the cutter or reamer part 76 is shown in a centralized position which will permit insertion of and withdrawal of the bit assembly 54 with respect to the sub 52 and the drill stem 26 through the interior thereof.
- a minimum diameter of the sub 52 is defined by plural, longitudinal, inwardly-projecting keys or splines 84, FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the outer surface on which the inserts 79 are formed is generally coaxial with the central longitudinal axis 88 of the bit assembly 54 and the drillstem 26.
- the bore 78 is eccentric with respect to the outer surface of the part 76 and is therefore displaced laterally with respect to the axis 88.
- the central axis 89 of the bearing member 64 is eccentric with respect to the central axis of the shaft 62 which is also coaxial with the axis 88 of the bit assembly 54.
- the bearing member 64 is fitted with spaced-apart stop members 90 and 92 which are adapted to engage a cooperating stop member 94 formed on the cutter part 76.
- the stop members 90, 92 and 94 are disposed in a recess in the cutter part 76 delimited by an upper transverse surface 96, FIG. 2, formed on the bearing member 64 and a transverse surface 98 formed on the cutter part 76.
- the stop member 90 In response to rotation of the shaft 62 in a clockwise direction, viewing FIGS. 4 and 5, the stop member 90 will move out of engagement with the stop member 94 while the shaft and bearing member 64 rotate about 180° to effect lateral movement of the cutter part 76 from the position of FIG. 4 to the position of FIG. 5, thanks to the eccentricity of the bore 78 and the bearing member 64 with respect to the axis 88. Accordingly, as the shaft 62 and bearing member 64 rotate from the position of FIG. 4 to the position of FIG. 5, the cutter part 76 will move laterally to a position such that the cutting elements or inserts 79 may cut a wellbore diameter to that of the wellbore 10 indicated in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5.
- This diameter is sufficiently large to permit formation of the annulus 42 and allow progress of the drillstem 26 into the wellbore as it is formed.
- the shaft 62 When it is desired to retrieve the bit assembly 54, the shaft 62 is rotated relative to the cutter part 76 in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow 100 in FIG. 5 until the cutter part moves back into a centralized position as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. In this way, the bit assembly 54 may then be retrieved from the wellbore through the sub 52 and the drillstem 26 without removing the drillstem from the wellbore. Insertion and retrieval of the bit assembly 54 from the wellbore without removal of the drillstem 26 will now be described in conjunction with further description of the motor 56.
- the motor 56 includes a generally cylindrical outer casing 102 having a plurality of longitudinal grooves 104 formed on the periphery thereof and cooperative with the keys or splines 84 on the sub 52 to prevent rotation of the outer casing with respect to the sub 52 when the splines are engaged with the grooves.
- the motor 56 may be of the positive displacement internal gear type having a rotor 106 rotatable in a lobed stator 108.
- the type of motor illustrated is exemplary and various other types of downhole motors may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
- One type of motor which is suitable for use as the motor 56 is manufactured by Drilex Systems, Inc., Houston, Tex.
- pressure fluid such as drilling fluid is admitted to the motor 56 by way of a poppet-type check valve assembly 110 including a housing 112 and a closure member 114 which is closeable over an inlet port 115.
- pressure fluid is admitted into the interior of the housing 112 and may flow to motor inlet port means 116.
- Pressure fluid is exhausted from the motor 56 by way of an exhaust port 118 which is in communication with the passage 63 extending through the shaft 62, the stabilizer 60 and the output shaft 58 of the motor 56. A portion of the exhaust port 118 may be actually formed in the shaft 58.
- a resilient annular seal member 124 is disposed on the bit and motor assembly 54 between the motor housing 102 and the valve housing 112 and is engageable with a seal bore 126 formed on the sub 52 just above the splines 84.
- the seal 124 is formed with a transverse shoulder 127 which engages the upper ends of the splines 84 to locate the motor 56 in its proper position in the sub 52.
- a shoulder may also be formed on the sub 52 at the lower end of the splines 84, but not shown, to arrest downward movement of the motor 56.
- Insertion of the bit and motor assembly 54 into the drillstem 26 and into its working position shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 may be carried out by "pumping" the assembly down through the drillstem with drilling fluid after insertion of the assembly into the drillstem 28 and reconnection of the sub 30, kelly-cock 32 and swivel assembly 34 to the drillstem. If this method is used, the motor rotor 106 may be locked with a shear screw or the like, not shown, to prevent rotation of the motor shaft 58 during the insertion process due to pressure fluid acting thereon. Alternatively, the bit and motor assembly may be coiled-tubing-supported insertion and retrieval tool such as the type described in U.S. Pat. No.
- the motor 56 will move into engagement with the sub 52 by the cooperating splines 84 and grooves 104 formed as described above until the seal 124 engages the seal bore 126.
- Application of drilling fluid by way of the conduit 40 down through the drillstem 26 will cause the valve closure member 114 to open to admit pressure fluid to the motor 56 to effect rotation of the shaft 62, bit 70 and the cutter or reamer part 76.
- drilling fluid may be reverse circulated down through the annulus 42 and through the nozzle means 72, the passage 63 and the motor 56 to rotate the rotor 106 in the opposite direction.
- reverse circulation is used to remove the bit and motor assembly 54 from the drillstem 26
- drilling fluid is circulated through the conduit 44 and down through the annulus 42 to enter the nozzles 72. Debris and cuttings on the bottom of the wellbore 10 are prevented from entering the passage 63 by the screen 74.
- Prior to reverse circulation of the drilling fluid conventional circulation should be continued to evacuate as much cuttings material from the bottom of the wellbore as possible.
- the drillstem 26 should be raised off the bottom of the wellbore sufficiently to allow room around the bit 70 for reverse circulation and reverse circulation pressure should not exceed that of the formation fracture gradient.
- the bit and motor assembly 56 are urged upward with respect to the sub 52 by pressure acting against the end face 103 of the motor housing 102.
- Drilling fluid also acts to rotate the motor rotor 106 in the opposite direction and as the eccentrically-disposed cutter part 76 engages the distal end 53 of the sub 52, enough drag will be imposed thereon to effect rotation of the shaft 62 and the bearing member 64 until the stop 90 engages the stop 94 and the cutter part 76 is again in a centralized position.
- Increasing the flow of drilling fluid in the reverse manner described above will also act on the valve closure member 114 sufficiently to effect closure thereof and the bit and motor assembly may then be "pumped" up the wellbore through the drillstem 26.
- the motor inlet port 116 may also be sized appropriately to permit a pressure drop thereacross which, during insertion of the bit and motor assembly 54 into the wellbore 10, drilling fluid acting in the normal flow of direction will exert sufficient force on the motor housing 102 and seal 124 t o seat the motor fully in the sub 52 in the position illustrated in FIG. 2. This restriction in the inlet port 116 will also aid in the bit and motor retrieval action described above.
- the cutter member 76 may be modified to include one or more spirally-arranged scraping blades 81, one shown, formed on the outer surface thereof as illustrated to stabilize the cutter part during its normal operation.
- the blades 81 will engage the wall of the wellbore 10 and effect rotation of the cutter part 76 from the position of FIG. 5 back toward the position of FIG. 4.
- the cutter inserts 79 may also be arranged in a somewhat spiral or helical pattern.
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/748,410 US5186265A (en) | 1991-08-22 | 1991-08-22 | Retrievable bit and eccentric reamer assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/748,410 US5186265A (en) | 1991-08-22 | 1991-08-22 | Retrievable bit and eccentric reamer assembly |
Publications (1)
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US5186265A true US5186265A (en) | 1993-02-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US07/748,410 Expired - Fee Related US5186265A (en) | 1991-08-22 | 1991-08-22 | Retrievable bit and eccentric reamer assembly |
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Cited By (75)
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US5472057A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-12-05 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Drilling with casing and retrievable bit-motor assembly |
EP0768446A1 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 1997-04-16 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and boring tool for drilling into subterranean formations |
US5662182A (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 1997-09-02 | Down Hole Technologies Pty Ltd. | System for in situ replacement of cutting means for a ground drill |
US5743344A (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1998-04-28 | Down Hole Technologies Pty. Ltd. | System for in situ replacement of cutting means for a ground drill |
WO1999004130A1 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-28 | Holte Ardis L | Reverse circulation drilling system with bit locked underreamer arms |
US5975222A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1999-11-02 | Holte; Ardis L. | Reverse circulation drilling system with bit locked underreamer arms |
WO2000005481A1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-03 | Sandvik Ab (Publ) | Drilling apparatus with a radially displaceable reamer as well as a reamer and a pilot bit |
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WO2000050730A1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2000-08-31 | Tesco Corporation | Device for simultaneously drilling and casing |
US6209665B1 (en) | 1996-07-01 | 2001-04-03 | Ardis L. Holte | Reverse circulation drilling system with bit locked underreamer arms |
WO2001036782A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Drill bit with eccentric body |
US6454007B1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-09-24 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Method and apparatus for casing exit system using coiled tubing |
US20020189863A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-12-19 | Mike Wardley | Drilling bit for drilling while running casing |
US20030164251A1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-09-04 | Tulloch Rory Mccrae | Expandable apparatus for drift and reaming borehole |
US20030173073A1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2003-09-18 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Top drive casing system |
US20030217865A1 (en) * | 2002-03-16 | 2003-11-27 | Simpson Neil Andrew Abercrombie | Bore lining and drilling |
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US20040108142A1 (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 2004-06-10 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for cementing drill strings in place for one pass drilling and completion of oil and gas wells |
US20040108140A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-06-10 | David Mason | Method and apparatus for drilling and completing a well with an expandable sand control system |
US20040112603A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-17 | Galloway Gregory G. | Apparatus and method of drilling with casing |
US20040112646A1 (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 2004-06-17 | Vail William Banning | Method and apparatus for cementing drill strings in place for one pass drilling and completion of oil and gas wells |
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US11408230B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2022-08-09 | Extreme Technologies, Llc | Wellbore reaming systems and devices |
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