US5169408A - Apparatus for wafer processing with in situ rinse - Google Patents
Apparatus for wafer processing with in situ rinse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5169408A US5169408A US07/470,871 US47087190A US5169408A US 5169408 A US5169408 A US 5169408A US 47087190 A US47087190 A US 47087190A US 5169408 A US5169408 A US 5169408A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wafer
- chamber
- sidewall
- support means
- wall
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
- H01L21/67023—Apparatus for fluid treatment for general liquid treatment, e.g. etching followed by cleaning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S134/00—Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
- Y10S134/902—Semiconductor wafer
Definitions
- This invention relates to the rinsing of silicon wafers after completion of etching steps in the processing of such wafers.
- Etching may be accomplished in various ways, but in many instances it is desirable to utilize gas phase etchants which may include hydrogen fluoride gas or other hydrogen halide gases, in many cases diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the etchant gas may include water vapor necessary to start the etching process.
- a standard wet or immersion process of rinsing has several disadvantages. For instance, such prior rinsing processes have the disadvantage of uncontrolled particle levels remaining after the rinse, contamination of the surface by electroplation, or by organic contamination. Of course, rinsing by immersion requires additional space in the production areas which is always a matter of importance in manufacturing operations.
- An object of the present invention is to provide for rinsing of a wafer after the completion of etching in a manner to minimize the existence of contamination remaining on the etched surface of the wafer.
- a feature of the invention is the performing of the etching and rinsing steps in a single chamber and without handling or moving the wafer between the etch and rinse steps.
- the chamber requires the gas phase etchant to pass through a membrane to be uniformly applied to the wafer and when the etching is completed, the chamber-defining housing is moved with respect to the wafer to accommodate application of deionized rinse water onto the wafer and simultaneous disposal of the spent rinse water.
- the wafer remains on its spinning chuck through the rinse.
- the sequential etch and rinse cycle may be repeated to remove any small amounts of native oxide that may have regrown on the exposed polysilicon surface.
- the integrated etch-rinse process provides numerous advantages.
- This rinse process does not add particles to hydrophobic or oxide free wafers. Thick oxide films are removed, ending with very low particle levels; and thin or native oxide layers are removed without adding particles to the remaining surface.
- the rinse provides removal of device-destroying mobile ion contamination such as sodium, calcium and potassium. Also, the rinse provides for the removal from the wafer surface of electrical lifetime killing metals such as copper, iron, nickel and aluminum.
- the combination of this rinse is desirable with the use of gas phase etchant which is free of the electroplating properties of aqueous etchant solutions. It is important that the method allows for the application of a final oxide removal process after the rinse, thus providing an ultimate oxide free surface on the wafer.
- FIG. 1 is a section view through the processing apparatus taken substantially at 1--1 of FIG. 2 and having portions broken away for clarity of detail.
- FIG. 2 is a section view through the processing apparatus taken approximately at 2--2 of FIG. 1 and having portions broken away for clarity of detail.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged detailed section view taken approximately at 3--3 in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a detailed section view taken along a broken line as indicated substantially at 4--4 in FIG. 2.
- the processing apparatus is indicated in general by numeral 10 and includes a head means 11 defining an etching chamber 12, a support means 13 to carrya wafer W being processed; a means 14 for flowing etchant gases into and through the etching chamber; a source 15 of rinsing liquid to be controllably flowed into the etching chamber 12 and across portions of thewafer W after the etching is completed; and also a means 16 for collecting the rinsing liquid which has been flowed over the wafer to carry away any contaminants that may be present.
- the head means 10 is defined by a housing 17 carried on a support plate 18 on which a superstructure or frame 19 in also affixed.
- the housing 17 includes a base 20 affixed to the baseplate 18 which has a substantially cylindrical periphery or cylindrical outer wall surface 21.
- the base 20 has a central opening 22 which receives a drive shaft which isa portion of the support means for the wafer W.
- the drive shaft has a wafersupport or vacuum chuck 24 affixed on its upper end and in the lower portion of the etch chamber 12.
- the shaft 23 is supported in and driven bya variable speed motor 25 so that the wafer W may be rotated at a wide variety of speeds during the processing of the wafer.
- the wafer will be rotated at a low speed of approximately 20 rpm during etching of the wafer; will be rotated at a speed of approximately 500 to 1,500 rpm after the etching is completed and during the rinsing of the wafer; and finally the wafer will be rotated at speeds in the range of 3,000 to 5,000 rpm as the rinsing is completed and while the wafer is being subsequently dried as hereinafter more fully described.
- a sealing device 26 receives the drive shaft 23 so as to very tightly seal the exterior of the drive shaft so as to completely isolate the etch chamber 12 and the opening 22 through which the shaft extends, from the ambient at the exterior of the processing apparatus 10.
- the drive shaft 23 is hollow to provide a duct or passageway 27 which communicates with the duct or passageway 28 extending through the vacuum chuck 13.
- the lower or outer end of drive shaft 23 is connected through a rotary union 29 to a supply tube or duct 30.
- the tube 30 is connected through a valve 31 to alternate sources of vacuum and nitrogen which are connected to the valve by tubes or ducts 32 and 33, respectively. Accordingly, nitrogen may be supplied into the passageway 28 through the wafer support 13; or alternately a vacuum may be drawn on the passageway 28.
- the wafer support 13 has a flat round disc 34 on which the wafer W lies during processing of the wafer.
- the wafer support 13 incorporates a unidirectional check valve 35 so as to close the upper end of passageway 28 when nitrogen gas is supplied under pressure into the passageway 28, atwhich time the valve element or ball 36 is raised by the flow of nitrogen gas upwardly against a valve seat formed by an O-ring 37 in the passage.
- the flow passage 38 through the check valve is open and unobstructed because the valve element 36 is away from the valve seat 37, and the valve element rests upon support surfaces 39 adjacent bypass grooves 40 which allow a vacuum to be drawn through the passages 38 on thewafer W when the vacuum is applied in the passageway 28, thereby holding the wafer stationary on the support 13.
- etchant gases including gaseous hydrogen fluoride, water vapor and a diluent such as nitrogen
- nitrogen will be flowed upwardly through the shaft 27 and passageway 28 and through the check valve 35 at a slow rate of speed so that there is no possibilityof the etchant gas flowing downwardly through the passageway 28 and into the source of vacuum.
- the vacuum is drawn in the passageway 28 and 38 to tightly secure the wafer on the support or wafer chuck 13 to prevent any damage to the wafer during the high-speed rotating.
- the opening 22 in the base 20 is supplied with an inert gas such as nitrogen through passages 41 which are connected to a source of nitrogen supplied by the tube 42.
- the housing 17 includes a sidewall 43 whichis defined in several segments or portions 44, 45 and 46.
- the upper portion 44 of the sidewall is formed integrally with the top wall47 of the housing and cooperates with the top surface 48 of the base 20 in defining the etching chamber 12 when the housing is entirely closed as illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the sidewall 44 provides a port 49 through which the etchant gas is supplied into the etch chamber 12.
- the port 49 is connected by a fitting 50 and supply tube 51 to valving and flow controllers 52, 53 and 54 which are connected with sources of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas or other anhydrous hydrogen halide gas, a source of nitrogen or other inert gas, and a source of water vapor which provides the necessary components for the etchant gas for etching the oxides of thewafer W.
- the top wall 47 is affixed as by mechanical fasteners to a mounting plate 55 which is fastened to the vertically extendable and rectractable piston rod 56 of a pneumatic cylinder 57 which is secured to the frame 19.
- the pneumatic cylinder is suitably connected to sources of air under pressure with the capability of raising and lowering the upper portion of the housing 17, including the sidwall 44 and top wall 47.
- the sidewall 44 also mounts a diffuser panel 58 which entirely traverses the etch chamber 12 and confronts the wafer W below the level of port 49 for passing the etchant gas therethrough and evenly distributing the gas over the entire surface area of the wafer W.
- the diffuser 58 may in one form be a plastic membrane with pores in the range of 20 to 50 microns in size, uniformly dispersed across the membrane for passing the etchant gas therethrough.
- the membrane may be formed of various materials such as polyethylene, or in some cases, polyvinylidene difluoride, also known as PVDF. Alternately, the membrane may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, also known PTFE and by its trademark Teflon, owned by DuPont. Of course, other forms of diffusers may be used to uniformly spread the etchant gas across the face of the wafer W.
- the wall portion 44 has a groove 59 formed therein, beneath the level of the diffuser 58 and extending around the entire periphery of wall 44.
- the groove 59 serves as a manifold to collect all of the spent etchant gases and discharge the spent etchant gases through a port 60 which is connectedto a fitting 61 and discharge tube 62 through which the etchant gases are flowed after they have been passed over the face of the wafer W.
- the entire periphery of groove 59 is covered by a membrane 63, of material similar to that in the diffuser 58 so that the spent etchant gases will flow outwardly to all peripheral portions of the groove 59, thereby contributing to the uniformity of flow of the etchant gases over the face of the wafer W.
- the lower face 64 of the wall portion 44 confronts and seals against the top face 65 of the intermediate wall portion 45 which is also referred to as a deflector ring.
- the wall portions 44 and 45 are separable, as hereinafter more fully explained, to provide an access port for inserting and subsequently replacing the wafer W prior to and after the end of the etch-rinse processing accomplished by the apparatus 10.
- FIG. 1 the upwardly shifted position of the side and top wall portions 44, 47 and of the mounting plate 55 is illustrated in dotted lines; and the upwardly shifted position of the bottom face 64 of the wall portion 44 is illustrated by the dotted line 64'.
- the space between the dotted line 64' and the face 65 of the deflector ring 45 defines the access opening through which wafers may be inserted and replaced.
- the deflector ring 45 has an inner peripheral cylindrical surface 66 which is aligned with and is slidable onto the outer cylindrical surface 21 of the base 20.
- a peripheral ledge 67 or deflector 45, adjacent the inner periphery of deflector ring 45 normally confronts the rib 68 which is rigid with the base 20 and is sealed thereto by an O-ring seal to prevent the passage of any fluids, either in gaseous or liquid form, when the housing is entirely closed as illustrated in FIG. 1.
- Deflector ring 45 also has a downwardly facing and peripheral oblique conical surface 69 which normally cooperates with the lower portion 46 of the sidewall 43 to define the means for collecting spent rinsing liquid indicated in general at numeral 16 and more specifically, in defining the peripheral passage 70 which collects the spent rinsing water as hereinafter more fully described.
- the deflector ring 45 also has a rinsing water supply port 71 therethrough and oriented to direct a stream of rinsing liquid or deionized water onto the face of wafer W at the end of the etch cycle.
- the rinse water port 71 is connected by a tube 72 and a valve 73 to a source of deionized water attube 74.
- Valve 73 alternately connects the port 71 and tube 72 to a source of vacuum provided by the duct 75 so as to evacuate the port 71 and tube 72 and remove all of the moisture therefrom at the end of a rinsing and drying cycle and prior to the beginning of another etch cycle.
- Wall portion 46 which may be otherwise known as a collecting cup, is affixed at its upper edge portion 76 to the deflector ring 45; and the cup46 also defines a peripheral groove 77 around its entire circumference as aportion of the collecting passage 70 for receiving rinsing water spilled off the periphery of the wafer W and deflected from the deflector surface 69.
- a drain port 78 is provided in the cup 46 and is connected by a fitting to a drain tube 79 which extends downwardly from the cup 46 and through a notch 80 formed in the baseplate 18.
- a pair of pneumatic cylinders 81 and 82 are mounted on the baseplate 18 andhave their piston rods 83 extending through suitable access ports in the baseplate 18 and affixed to the cup 46 by fittings 84.
- the cup 46 also hasa cylindrical inner peripheral surface 85 to receive and slide along the outer cylindrical surface 21 of the base 20.
- the cylinders 81 and 82 are suitably connected to sources of air for extending and retracting the piston rods, to raise and lower the cup ring 46.
- the processing apparatus is also to be used with suitable robotic water handling devices for inserting and removing the wafer W into and from the chamber 12.
- a positioning arm or fork 86 operated by a rodless cylinder 87 is also attached to the baseplate 18 and arranged to accurately position the wafer W on the wafer support or chuck 24 in order to accommodate high-speed spinning of the wafer without any likelihood of damaging the wafer.
- the processing apparatus is operated substantially as follows.
- the housing17 is in closed condition, substantially as illustrated in FIG. 1, wherein the edge of the wafer is opposite the groove 59, and the inner periphery of the deflector ring 45 is sealed against the rim 68 of the base, and thefaces 64 and 65 of the wall portion 44 and the deflector ring 45 are sealedagainst each other.
- the chamber will be purged of all air as the cycle is started by flowing nitrogen into the chamber which also flows through the membrane or diffuser 58, across the diaphragm and out through the groove 59 and discharge port 60.
- a presribed etchant gas preferably comprising a portion of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas, a diluent inert gas preferablynitrogen, and a small portion of water vapor is flowed into the etch chamber for a prescribed length of time, depending upon the amount of etching of the oxide film on the wafer which is to be accomplished.
- the wafer chuck 24 is revolved by the motor at a slow speed, in the range of 20 rpm, and no vacuum is applied for purpose of holding the wafer on the wafer chuck; but on the other hand, during the etching process, nitrogen is supplied through the passage 27 in the shaft 23, and through the opening 28 in the wafer chuck so that a rather small flow of nitrogen continues all during the etching so as to specifically prevent the migration of any of the etchant gas downwardly through the shaft 28 which might otherwise occur had the nitrogen not been flowing.
- nitrogen continues to flow from theports 41 through the central opening 22 of the base and around the bottom face of the wafer, thereby preventing or minimizing any etching of the bottom face of the wafer.
- the etchant gas is diffused by the diffuser 58, it passes through the membrane 58 and is uniformly applied across the entire face of the wafer W.
- the etchant gas flows across the face of the wafer, it will pass outwardly through the membrane 63 and into the peripheral groove 59 and be discharged outwardly through the port 60 and tube 62.
- the flow of the etchant gas is terminated, and the flow of nitrogen from the source controller 53 will continue to flow, and the continued flow of nitrogen, but without the hydrogen fluoride gas, will purge the etch chamber of the etchant gas.
- the pneumatic cylinders 81 and 82 are operated to raise the entire housing from the position illustrated in FIG. 1 to the position illustrated in FIG. 2. In this position of the housing, the wafer chuck 24and the edge of the wafer W is directly opposite the entrance to the port 70 and directly opposite the deflection surface 69.
- the drain tube 79 is open and unobstructed to allow drainage of any collected rinsing liquid which is to be applied during a rinsing phase of the cycle.
- the valve 31 is operated to apply vacuum pressure to the waferchuck 24 as to hold the wafer securely on the wafer chuck; and when the vacuum has been applied, the motor accelerates the wafer to rotate the wafer in the range of 500 to 1,500 rpm.
- rinsing liquid preferably deionized water
- the deionized water is supplied from the source 74 through the valve 73 and port 71 into the chamber 12, and the deionized water is directed onto the upper face of the wafer to be flowed entirely across theupper face of the wafer.
- the high speed of rotation of the wafer causes therinsing liquid to be slung by centrifugal force outwardly into the passage 70 and onto the deflector face 69 so that the rinsing liquid is collected at the bottom of the passage and will be immediately drained off through the drain port 78 and tube 79.
- flow of the rinsing water through duct 71 is terminated, and the valve 73 is operated to draw a vacuum onto the duct 71, thereby sucking out all of the moisture that may remain in the line.
- the nitrogen from the source and controller 53 is continued so as to supply drying nitrogen into the chamber 12 and cause flow of the drying nitrogen through the chamber and out through the passage 70.
- the motor 25 is again accelerated to rotate the wafer W at speeds in the range of 3,000 to 4,000rpm.
- the cylinders 81 and 82 continue to hold the sidewalls of the housing in the upwardly shifted position as illustrated in FIG. 2; and of course nitrogen continues to flow through the ducts 41 and through the opening 22 in the base 20 so that drying nitrogen will flow through all portions of the chamber.
- the cyliners 81 and 82 in preparation for renewing the etching phase of the cycle, will withdraw their piston rods to lower the sidewalls and upper portion of the housing into the position of FIG. 1 again wherein the ledge 67 of the deflector ring is sealed against the external rib 68 of the base, and then the entire etch chamber will again be sealed.
- the chamber will be purged with continued flow of nitrogen from the controller 53 and the etching phase ofthe cycle will be repeated as hereinbefore described.
- the rinsing phase is again repeated as previously described.
- the pneumatic cylinder 57 is then operated so as to hold the wall portion 44 and the upper wall 47 inthe position illustrated in the FIG. 2.
- the deflector ring 45 and cup ring 46 being at that time in the upwardly shifted position illustrated in FIG. 2, will be lowered by operation of the cylinders 81 and 82 so that the rings 45 and 46 assume the position illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the upper portion of the housing remains in the upwardly shifted position illustrated by the dotted lines in FIG. 1 so that the confronting faces 64and 65 of the wall portions 44 and deflector ring 45 are thereby separated to open an access port therebetween through which access to the wafer can be had for removal of the wafer and replacing of the wafer with another.
- the air cylinder 57 is again operated to lower the wall portion 44 onto the deflector ring 45, as to close the etch chamber again in preparation for the etching phase of another cycle.
Abstract
Description
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US07/470,871 US5169408A (en) | 1990-01-26 | 1990-01-26 | Apparatus for wafer processing with in situ rinse |
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US07/470,871 US5169408A (en) | 1990-01-26 | 1990-01-26 | Apparatus for wafer processing with in situ rinse |
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