US5047076A - Method of fabricating optical fibres by solution-doping - Google Patents
Method of fabricating optical fibres by solution-doping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5047076A US5047076A US07/445,382 US44538289A US5047076A US 5047076 A US5047076 A US 5047076A US 44538289 A US44538289 A US 44538289A US 5047076 A US5047076 A US 5047076A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reaction tube
- solution
- tube
- dopant
- lathe
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01884—Means for supporting, rotating and translating tubes or rods being formed, e.g. lathes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01807—Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners
- C03B37/01838—Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners for delivering and depositing additional reactants as liquids or solutions, e.g. for solution doping of the deposited glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0095—Solution impregnating; Solution doping; Molecular stuffing, e.g. of porous glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
- C03B2201/34—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers
- C03B2201/36—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers doped with rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S65/00—Glass manufacturing
- Y10S65/901—Liquid phase reaction process
Definitions
- the present invention refers to the industrial manufacture of physical carriers for optical telecommunications and more particularly to a method of doping the core of silica optical-fiber preforms by the solution-doping technique, to a method of fabricating optical-fiber preforms, to a method of fabricating optical fibers, utilizing a core doping method.
- Optical fiber for telecommunications comprise an outer part (cladding) of vitreous silica and an inner part (core) of silica doped with metal oxides having higher refractive index. Doping is generally performed by deposition techniques, such as CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- dopants used are metal oxides which considerably raise the refractive index even in limited concentration and which, unlike germania, generally used for such fibers, do not give rise to the central refractive-index depression (dip) typical of fiber fabricated by deposition techniques.
- An example of such dopants is alumina.
- dopants such as rare earths, which modify the fiber emission or absorption characteristics so as to permit the fibers to be used as sensors, amplifiers or lasers in particular spectral regions, in particular in the infrared region, are often desiderably added to the dopants increasing the core refractive index.
- a number of layers of vitreous silica and other oxides are deposited in soot form inside a support tube, in an ambient isolated from the outside.
- the tube is subsequently removed from the lathe and the unvitrified layers are impregnated with aqueous solutions of compounds (in particular halides) of the rare earths or other required metals.
- the tube with the impregnated silica is rinsed with acetone to remove excess water, replaced in the lathe and submitted to a hightemperature treatment with Cl2 Core vitrification and preform collapsing are then effected in conventional manner.
- This technique gives rise to a number of problems due to the use of aqueous solutions and to the tube removal from the lathe.
- aqueous solutions renders the vitreous matrix highly polluted with OH-groups, which are not completely removed by the elimination of excess water and dehydration with Cl2. Due to the presence of the OH-groups, the fibers have high attenuation. Besides, aqueous solutions are also unsuitable when the doping metal hydrolyzes yielding corresponding oxyacids or hydroxides. This is the case with aluminum, which is a very suitable dopant for the core of silica optical fibers for telecommunications, but whose compounds generally used as dopant precursors (e.g. AlCl 3 ) violently react in H 2 O.
- dopant precursors e.g. AlCl 3
- Tube removal from the lathe causes contamination of the deposited material due to contact with the atmosphere of the production environment, and this reduces or even annuls the advantages of deposition in a closed environment.
- the removal of the tube from and its subsequent replacement on the lathe are operations of a certain complexity, since they require cutting and resoldering of the glass tube; furthermore, these operations create further pollutions and are quite time-consuming, thus increasing manufacturing costs.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a solution-doping method which does not use aqueous solutions of the dopant precursors, and hence solves the problems deriving from the presence of hydroxyl groups and from the hydrolysis of the used compounds, and which does not require tube removal from the lathe.
- the present invention provides a method of doping the core of silica optical-fiber preforms, wherein vitreous soot layers, intended to form the preform core and contained inside a reaction tube mounted on a lathe, are impregnated with a solution of a precursor of at least a first dopant capable of rising the refractive index of the layers without producing a central dip of the index.
- the first dopant precursor solution used is a solution in an organic anhydrous solvent and, for the impregnation, after said layer deposition, the reaction tube is disconnected from both the reactant introduction conduit and the exhaust conduit for the volatile reaction products.
- At least the end of the tube through which reaction volatile products are exhausted is sealed, while maintaining, during the sealing operation, a flow of anhydrous and inert gas in the tube.
- the solution is subsequently introduced into the tube without removing it from the lathe and is caused to cover the whole surface of the deposited layers. When impregnation is over, the tube is slowly depleted at uniform rate.
- a method of producing optical fiber preforms comprising a phase in which the core is doped by immersion of layers of the core material, deposited within a reaction tube at such temperature as to produce a porous soot, into a solution of dopant precursors.
- This solution is a solution in an anhydrous organic solvent, and the doping phase is carried out while the reaction tube is still mounted on the lathe by which it was supported during said layer deposition.
- the invention further includes a method of producing optical fibres, wherein a preform whose core has been doped by a solution-doping technique is drawn; For this droping, a solution of a precursor of at least a first dopant in an anhydrous organic solvent is introduced into a reaction tube containing the material intended to form the core, while the tube is mounted on the lathe by which it was supported during such material deposition.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a deposition tube to be used to perform the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tube sealing system
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic representations of a second embodiment of the invention, under two different working conditions
- FIG. 5 is a partial view of a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the absorption spectrum of a fiber produced according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional vitreous silica tube 1 for chemical vapor deposition of the materials designed to form the optical-fiber perform.
- the tube is mounted on a conventional lathe of a chemical vapour deposition apparatus, whose chucking system is schematized by mandrels 3.
- the reaction tube 1 is joined to a tube element 2 of greater diameter, in order to allow reaction tube rotation around its axis.
- An exhaust conduit for volatile reaction products opens into tube element 2.
- a conduit for the reactant introduction opens at the opposite end of reaction tube 1.
- a heat source 4 can be moved along the axis of the tube while it rotates to produce a region 5 where the temperature is high enough to cause deposition of a silica soot layer, but not its vitrification.
- Tube 1 is equipped with sealing systems 6 at both ends and has a pair of radial branches 7, 8 placed at opposite ends of the deposition region 5 and provided with respective sealing means 9, 10.
- Branch 7 serves for introducing into and removing from tube 1 the dopant precursor solution;
- branch 8 serves for connection to a vacuum pump for tube drying.
- Sealing systems 6 can be rigid systems, as shown in FIG. 1, associated with rods 6a allowing them to be brought into or out of contact with the internal walls of the tube end portions.
- each sealing system can consist of an inflatable elastomeric membrane 11 mounted at the end of a tube 12 connected to a compressed air source (not shown).
- Membrane 11 is fastened to a sleeve 13 which presents a threaded part designed to engage the corresponding threaded part of a second sleeve 14 rigidly connected to the tube 12.
- a gasket 15 ensures sealing between the two sleeves.
- tubes 12 will be introduced through ends E, U of reaction tube 1 and a certain overpressure is created inside them to inflate membranes 11 and obtain sealing of tube 1.
- the dopant solution used according to the present invention is a solution in an anhydrous organic solvent of a precursor of at least a first dopant suitable for raising the refractive index of the core without producing the central dip in the refractive index profile.
- a precursor of a second dopant capable of to affecting the emission and absorption characteristics of the material is dissolved in said anhydrous organic solvent.
- the first dopant is alumina
- the second dopant is a rare-earth oxide or a mixture of rare-earth oxides.
- the dopant precursors can be selected from chlorides, bromides, iodides or nitrates of aluminum or rare earths.
- the solvent choice obviously depends on the dopant precursor used. More particularly, all the above salts of aluminum and rare earths have a certain degree of solubility in one or more of the following organic solvents: anhydrous alcohols, ketones, ethers.
- the first dopant precursor concentration should range from 0.8N to the solubility limit in the chosen solvent, and preferably it should not be lower than 1N.
- the concentration of the possible second dopant precursor should be lower by at least one order of magnitude than that of the first dopant precursor.
- suitable solvents are also carbon tetrachloride and alkyl and acyl halides. These halides react with AlCl 3 to produce solutions wherein complex AlCl 4 - is present.
- An example of such reactions is the following:
- CS 2 could also be used as the solvent.
- the manufacture of a fiber doped with Al 2 O 3 and Er 2 O 3 by using the tube of FIG. 1 will be disclosed by way of example.
- the materials for the preform core are deposited in a quite conventional way, by introducing the reactants (more particularly SiCl 4 and O 2 ) into tube 1, heated at a temperature of about 1500°-1600° C. by burner 4, so as to obtain an unvitrified silica layer some ten micrometers thick.
- the tube is disconnected from the conduits for the reactant inlet and the gaseous reaction product exhaust, and the ends of tube 1 are closed by sealing systems 6 or by inflated membranes 11, while an inert and dehydrated gas (e.g. N 2 or Ar) is caused to flow through the tube.
- branch 7 is opened and the gas is introduced through the reactant inlet, while the opposite tube end is closed; then, branch 8 is opened and the gas is introduced through branch 7, thus establishing a flow between branches 7 and 8.
- the reactant inlet end is then closed.
- the non aqueous solution of dopant precursor is slowly introduced, e.g. a solution in ethyl alcohol of AlCl 3 and ErCl 5 .
- the amount of solution introduced is such as to fill the whole tube.
- the concentrations of the two dopant precursors were 1N and 0.1N, respectively.
- the solution is allowed to impregnate the soot for about 1 hour, whereafter it is allowed to flow out, e.g. by gravity, through the same branch 7 through which it had been introduced.
- suitable solvents e.g.
- branch 8 of tube 1 is connected to a vacuum pump and the residual solvent in the tube is evaporated so as to obtain dry impregnated soot.
- Branches 7, 8 are then closed, sealing systems 6 are removed and the soot is washed with a mixture of O 2 and Cl 2 at about 700° C. to obtain a more complete dehydration of the soot and formation of Al 2 O 3 and Er 2 O 3 .
- Vitrification and tube collapsing take then place according to the conventional techniques of preform manufacturing, and the preform is then drawn into a fiber in conventional manner.
- a fiber obtained by the method described exhibited a refractive index difference between core and cladding of 7.5 ⁇ 10 -3 .
- Fibers fabricated by using AlCl 3 solutions with 0.2N and 0.05N concentrations presented an index difference of 2.2 ⁇ 10 -3 and 1.6 ⁇ 10 -3 , respectively. This data allows evaluation of the influence of aluminum concentration in the attainment of good results.
- FIG. 6 shows the absorption spectrum, in the visible and in the near-infrared, of the fiber obtained by drawing the Al 2 O 3 and Er 2 O 3 doped preform. Very low attenuations in correspondence with transmission windows and the low amplitude of the absorption peak of hydroxyl groups at 1380 nm can be clearly appreciated.
- the method of the invention can be carried out also by using a perfectly conventional CVD tube, which however is to be mounted on a lathe where the mandrel support zone is movable in such a manner that the tube can be disposed either horizontally or inclined at an angle which can reach 90°.
- This embodiment is represented in FIGS. 3 and 4, where the elements corresponding to those of FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference characters.
- the reaction tube 16 is, as said, a conventional CVD tube, i.e. a tube without branches 7, 8, and is mounted on a lathe having an upper portion 17, with mandrels 3, which is hinged on a base member 18 about to a horizontal axis 19, perpendicular to the axis of tube 16.
- the membrane sealing system of FIG. 2 is associated with the tube exhaust end.
- the deposition of the layers to be impregnated takes place also in this case in a quite conventional manner, with horizontal tube so that it is as shown in FIG. 3.
- part 17 of lathe is rotated around axis 19, so as to arrange the tube inclined (more particularly vertical, FIG. 4) with the exhaust end down; then the reactant inlet and gas exhaust conduits are disconnected and the exhaust end is closed by membrane 11, while maintaining a flow of anhydrous and inert gas in tube 16.
- the impregnating solution is then introduced through the upper end of tube 16, by using another tube 20 which penetrates into tube 16 and is arranged so that the impregnating solution level slowly rises from the bottom.
- the pressure is reduced in membrane 11, so as to open again the tube exhaust end and to allow the solution to flow out.
- the outlet orifice must ensure that the tube is slowly emptied at uniform speed, to avoid damaging the impregnated soot layer.
- the solution can be sucked out through feeding tube 20.
- the tube is then slightly heated (at 50°-70° C.), while maintaining a flow of N 2 or Ar, to make the solvent evaporate from the impregnated material, and a mixture of O 2 and Cl 2 at about 700° C. is caused to pass in the tube to obtain a more complete dehydration of the soot and formation of Al 2 O 3 and Er 2 O 3 .
- Vitrification and tube collapsing take then place according to the conventional techniques of preform manufacturing, and the preform is then drawn into a fiber in conventional manner.
- a toroidal element 22 which surrounds the end of tube 21, is made of an elastomer (e.g. a silicone or polyurethane elastomer) and is connected through a pipe 23 to a compressed air source (not shown).
- elastomer e.g. a silicone or polyurethane elastomer
- element 22 is inflated so as to adhere to the internal surface of reaction tube 16, thus sealing exhaust end U.
- the inert gas flow is maintained as in the preceding cases.
- reaction tube 16 is slightly inclined and the solution is introduced through tube 21. After impregnation, the solution will flow out by gravity or will be sucked out through the same tube 21.
- precursor of the first dopant could consist of a salt of another element, such as Zr, Mg and the like, capable of giving the fiber the desired properties, such salt presenting sufficient solubility at ambient temperature in anhydrous organic solvents such as ethanol or other anhydrous alcohols, ketones, ethers, alkyl or acyl halides, carbon tetrachloride or carbon sulphide.
- anhydrous organic solvents such as ethanol or other anhydrous alcohols, ketones, ethers, alkyl or acyl halides, carbon tetrachloride or carbon sulphide.
Abstract
Description
TABLE I ______________________________________ Solvent absolute ethyl Compound ethanol ether acetone ______________________________________ AlCl.sub.3 100 soluble slightly sol. AlCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O 50 soluble Al(NO.sub.3).sub.3.9H.sub.2 O 100 soluble AlBr.sub.3 soluble ErCl.sub.3 soluble Er(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2 O soluble soluble soluble NdCl.sub.3 44.5 NdCl3.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O very sol. Nd(NO.sub.3).sub.3.6H.sub.2 O soluble soluble CeBr.sub.3 (H.sub.2 O) very sol. CeCl.sub.3 30 soluble CeI.sub.3 very sol. Cen(NO.sub.3).sub.3 50 soluble TmCl.sub.3.7H.sub.2 O very sol. SmCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O very sol. Gd(NO.sub.3).sub.3.H.sub.2 O soluble PrCl.sub.3 very sol. YbCl.sub.3 soluble ______________________________________
RCOCl+AlCl.sub.3 →RCO.sup.+ +AlCl.sub.4 -
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT68096/88A IT1223980B (en) | 1988-12-07 | 1988-12-07 | Solution-doping of optical fibre preforms |
IT68096A/88 | 1988-12-07 | ||
IT8967715A IT1232526B (en) | 1989-08-24 | 1989-08-24 | Solution-doping of optical fibre preforms |
IT67715A/89 | 1989-08-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5047076A true US5047076A (en) | 1991-09-10 |
Family
ID=26329821
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/445,382 Expired - Fee Related US5047076A (en) | 1988-12-07 | 1989-12-04 | Method of fabricating optical fibres by solution-doping |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5047076A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0372550B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0662311B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2004806C (en) |
DE (2) | DE372550T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK612289A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2016073T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR900300110T1 (en) |
IE (1) | IE62286B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT92508B (en) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5151117A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-09-29 | Corning Incorporated | Solution doping of porous preforms |
US5246475A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1993-09-21 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing a fused silica glass body co-doped with a rare earth element and aluminum |
US5279634A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1994-01-18 | SIP - Societa Italiana per L'Escercizio delle Telecomunicazioni p.a. | Method of fabricating strip monomode active optical waveguides by vitrifying an interior portion of a tube with a laser |
US5284500A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1994-02-08 | Fujitsu Limited | Process for fabricating an optical fiber preform |
US5474588A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1995-12-12 | Fujikura Ltd | Solution doping of a silica preform with erbium, aluminum and phosphorus to form an optical fiber |
US5711782A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1998-01-27 | Fujitsu Limited | Process for fabricating an optical fiber preform |
US6125659A (en) * | 1996-03-30 | 2000-10-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for manufacturing erbium-doped optical fibers |
US6134366A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-10-17 | Internationl Business Machines Corporation | Reduced dispersion optical waveguide and methods for fabricating the same |
US6405566B1 (en) | 1993-11-29 | 2002-06-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and device for over-cladding an optical fiber primary preform |
US6498888B1 (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2002-12-24 | Institut National D'optique | High-attenuation fiber with cladding mode suppression for all-fiber optical attenuator |
US6510710B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2003-01-28 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Multi-tube delivery system |
US20030024275A1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2003-02-06 | Kanishka Tankala | Method of fabrication of rare earth doped preforms for optical fibers |
US20030061990A1 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-03 | Alcatel | CVD diameter control with particle separation |
US20030077056A1 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-04-24 | Institut National D'optique | Reconstructed glasses for fibre optic applications |
US20030119207A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-26 | Dejneka Matthew J. | Detectable labels, methods of manufacture and use |
US6687439B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2004-02-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Light-amplifying optical fiber and method of making the same |
US20040264854A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | High speed optical system |
US7149383B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2006-12-12 | Finisar Corporation | Optical system with reduced back reflection |
CN102060439A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-05-18 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process of photonic crystal fiber |
EP2763247A2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2014-08-06 | SPI Lasers UK Limited | Apparatus for providing optical radiation |
US20210214267A1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-07-15 | Corning Incorporated | Carbon-doped silicon dioxide glass and methods of manufacturing thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH085684B2 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1996-01-24 | 株式会社フジクラ | Quartz glass manufacturing method |
GB2325928B (en) * | 1996-03-30 | 2000-01-19 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Apparatus for manufacturing erbium-doped optical fibres |
CN115180817B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-09-29 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Online doping method and device for preparing active optical fiber preform |
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NL7116691A (en) * | 1971-12-04 | 1973-06-06 | Composite glass rod - for production of optical fibres | |
US3961926A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-06-08 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Preparation of germania cores in optical fibers |
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US4203743A (en) * | 1976-09-20 | 1980-05-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of producing optical fiber |
US4263030A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1981-04-21 | Mitsubishi Kinsoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing an optical waveguide material |
JPS5735131A (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Throttle opener device for multibarrel carburetter |
FR2500109A1 (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-20 | Thomson Csf | Elastic coupling used between two mechanical parts, esp. tubes - consists of hollow ring made of corrosion-resistant polymer and filled with elastomer |
US4610708A (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1986-09-09 | Corning Glass Works | Method for making metal halide optical fiber |
US4657575A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1987-04-14 | Cselt Centro Studie Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. | Method of fabricating alumina-doped silica fibers |
US4728350A (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1988-03-01 | Cselt-Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecommunicazioni S.P.A. | Process and apparatus for producing optical-fiber preforms for mid-infrared range fibers |
US4786302A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1988-11-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method of preparing tubular silica glass |
US4799946A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1989-01-24 | British Telecommunications Plc | Preparation of glass fibre |
US4826288A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1989-05-02 | Polaroid Corporation, Patent Department | Method for fabricating optical fibers having cores with high rare earth content |
US4848998A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-07-18 | Polaroid Corporation | Selective volitization method for preparing fiber optics |
US4921516A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1990-05-01 | Cselt-Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecommunicazioni S.P.A. | Method of manufacturing optical fibers with elimination of paraxial refractive-index dip |
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JPS6021928A (en) * | 1983-07-18 | 1985-02-04 | Toyoda Autom Loom Works Ltd | Device for detecting position of bobbin rail in roving frame |
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1989
- 1989-12-04 US US07/445,382 patent/US5047076A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-04 JP JP1313551A patent/JPH0662311B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-04 IE IE386889A patent/IE62286B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-05 DK DK612289A patent/DK612289A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-12-06 PT PT92508A patent/PT92508B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-06 CA CA002004806A patent/CA2004806C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-07 EP EP89122561A patent/EP0372550B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-07 DE DE198989122561T patent/DE372550T1/en active Pending
- 1989-12-07 ES ES89122561T patent/ES2016073T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-07 DE DE68913924T patent/DE68913924T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-09-27 GR GR90300110T patent/GR900300110T1/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE893868L (en) | 1990-06-07 |
EP0372550A1 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
IE62286B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
JPH0662311B2 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
CA2004806A1 (en) | 1990-06-07 |
PT92508B (en) | 1996-02-29 |
DK612289A (en) | 1990-06-08 |
CA2004806C (en) | 1994-09-20 |
PT92508A (en) | 1990-06-29 |
ES2016073T3 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
ES2016073A4 (en) | 1990-10-16 |
DE68913924D1 (en) | 1994-04-21 |
DK612289D0 (en) | 1989-12-05 |
GR900300110T1 (en) | 1991-09-27 |
DE372550T1 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
DE68913924T2 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
EP0372550B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
JPH02258644A (en) | 1990-10-19 |
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