US5032285A - Reverse emulsion breaking method using amine containing polymers - Google Patents
Reverse emulsion breaking method using amine containing polymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5032285A US5032285A US07/464,090 US46409090A US5032285A US 5032285 A US5032285 A US 5032285A US 46409090 A US46409090 A US 46409090A US 5032285 A US5032285 A US 5032285A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- polymer
- water
- amine
- emulsion
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/047—Breaking emulsions with separation aids
Definitions
- the invention is the field of reverse emulsion breaking. That is the field of separating oil from an oil-in-water emulsion.
- An emulsion is simply a stable mixture of two or more immiscible liquids maintained by emulsifiers.
- the emulsions are characterized as having a continuous phase and a dispersed phase.
- an emulsion is a water-in-oil emulsion.
- An oil-in-water emulsion is called a reverse emulsion.
- Reverse emulsions most commonly occur in secondary and tertiary oil recovery.
- water, steam, surfactant or polymer are traditionally forced downhole to push oil out of the formation.
- the water mixes with the oil and is produced at the well-head along with the oil. This produced water is intimately mixed with the oil in the formation under pressure. Because of the pressure and mixing in the presence of surfactants or polymers, typically produced water is an oil-in-water emulsion; that is a reverse emulsion.
- This reverse emulsion must be broken for at least two reasons. Typically, the water must be clarified before it can be sent to waste treatment systems. The water must also be clarified if it is to be recycled downhole for forcing more oil from the formation. In either of those two cases, failure to clarify the water by removing oil can result in serious problems. Most waste treatment facilities are not equipped to handle oil-in-water emulsions on the scale produced by an oil producing well. Moreover, if unclarified produced water is sent downhole, contaminants in the water can plug the formation.
- Another reason to clarify the water by breaking the reverse emulsion is to reclaim the oil.
- the purpose of an oil recovery program is to produce oil for sale.
- the inventors have developed a polymer which can be used as reverse emulsion breaker.
- the polymer can either be a homopolymer or a polymer containing more than one monomer type. In either case, at least one of the monomers must be amine containing monomer. That amine containing monomer generally is hydrophobic when the amine is neutral and hydrophilic when the amine is salified. Preferably all of the monomers utilized will be hydrophobic. More preferably, the amine containing monomer will be hydrophobic when neutral. However, the amine must be hydrophilic when the amine is salified.
- a neutral amine is an amine that does not have a positive charge.
- a salified amine is a protonated amine that bears a positive, i.e. cationic charge.
- the amine containing polymer is added to the oil-in-water emulsion being treated.
- the neutral amine becomes automatically salified by the available hydrogen ion from the water to be treated.
- the emulsion being treated is broken (i.e. resolved) in the process, and the polymer becomes solubilized.
- the water to be treated should be acidified when its effective pH is more than about 8 in order to lower its pH to 8 or below using acidifiers such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or other acidifiers known in the art.
- the polymer will remain in the emulsion form as long as the effective pH of the polymer in the oil phase of the emulsion, is greater than 8. It is understood, that the pH of an oil phase cannot be directly taken. However, if the system is inverted and the pH taken, the resultant pH will be approximately 8 or greater.
- the polymer if the polymer is to remain in emulsion form, it is important that the pH of the water phase remain at or above approximately pH 8. If the pH of the water phase falls below approximately pH 8, the polymer will become salified. Once salified, the polymer will commence dissolving in water, and the emulsion will break.
- the emulsion will break when added to water to be treated because of dilution of the continuous phase or because of salified polymer if the pH of the treated water is less than about 8.
- the pkb for the salified amine is so low that salification will occur upon dilution with produced water, since water produced from an oil field will have a pH of less than about 8.
- the polymer becomes less and less coiled.
- the salified polymer becomes more extended as it becomes increasingly more charged. The salified copolymer thus becomes available for disrupting the liquid/liquid interface to break the emulsion.
- the polymers of this invention contain at least 30 mole percent neutral amine containing monomer. More preferably, these polymers will contain at least 40 mole percent neutral amine containing monomer. Most preferably, these polymers will contain 40 to 50 mole percent neutral amine containing polymer. Polymers containing at least 40 mole percent neutral amine containing monomer tend to provide more consistent performance over polymers containing less amine. Homopolymers which can be prepared by oil-in-water emulsion polymerization are usable as long as the emulsion is stable, e.g. diethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer.
- the polymer will be added to the system as an oil-in-water latex. However, it is possible to first dissolve the polymer in water and feed the polymer to the system as a solution polymer.
- the emulsion to be treated is preferably treated, i.e. dosed, with at least 0.1 ppm active polymer, more preferably from 0.1 to 20 ppm active polymer, and most preferably from 0.1 to 5 ppm active polymer.
- the polymers are produced by the emulsion polymerization or neutral monomer in a water external latex.
- the polymer includes a neutral amine containing monomer which becomes hydrophilic when the amine reacts with acid to form an amine salt, (i.e. when the amine is salified).
- amine containing monomers can be ascertained by those skilled in the art. Included among the suitable monomers are dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide,diallylamine, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate and N,N-diallylcyclohexylamine.
- the polymers can also include non-amine containing hydrophobic monomers.
- Such monomers can be ascertained by one skilled in the art without undue experimentation. Included among the suitable hydrophobic monomers are butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearic methacrylate and styrene.
- Emulsifiers suitable for preparing oil-in-water emulsions can be used in preparing the polymers of this invention, or in preparing a latex containing those polymers.
- Such emulsifiers generally have an HLB greater than 8 and more preferably having an HLB within the range of 8 to 24.
- Suitable emulsifiers can readily be determined by those skilled in the art. The term HLB and the method of determining suitable emulsifiers are discussed in the March 1980 ICI Americas, Inc. publication entitled "The HLB System a Time Saving Guide to Emulsifier Selection.”
- Initiators for emulsion polymerization are well known and suitable initiators for preparing the polymers of the invention can be readily ascertained by those skilled in the art. Thermal and/or redox initiators are most preferred. But other types of initiators can be used.
- Vazo 67 is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company for a free radical initiator.
- the product was a milky white latex with a bluish cast and did not settle out.
- Test for residual DMAEM, ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate proved negative.
- the molecular weight of the cationic water external latex polymers made from ethylacrylate, methyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate was around 2.5 million.
- the average particle size was approximately 0.15 microns.
- the viscosity of the product was 5 cps measured on a Brookfield viscometer with a #1 spindle, at 30 rpm at 25° F.
- the product had a pH within the range of 8 to 9. Upon lowering the pH to 3 with ten percent hydrochloric acid, the product became clear and highly viscous.
- DMAEA Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate
- a numerical system of 1-10 was used to rate the bottles.
- a (1) represents the best in water quality, speed and degree of separation, and a (10) the worst.
- the Confirmation Test was run similarly to the Ratio and the Elimination Tests except that only the three best formulae selected from the Elimination Test were used.
- the test was run on a fresh sample using two ratios below and one ratio above the level at which the Elimination Test was run.
- the reverse emulsion breaker giving the cleanest water, the tightest and fastest degree of separation, and widest treating range was selected.
- Reverse emulsion breaking testing procedures were conducted on a number of different types of water systems. The testing procedures described above were utilized. The tests are reported below.
- Standard was the chemical being used to treat that water on a commercial basis. That chemical was chosen as a standard because it was assumed that the user selected it as the optimal chemical for treatment desired.
- Section A products are standard commercial products which were subject to the Ratio Test to determine and describe dosage for the products of this invention.
- Section B products are product tested against the standard which were subjected to the elimination test. Those products which passed this test were then subjected to the confirmation test. Those products (Section C) which passed the confirmation test would normally be considered good commercial candidates.
- Table I Water samples for Table I were from an oil field using a natural underground water drive for oil recovery. The produced water samples contained four weight percent (4%) emulsified oil. The standard chemical, J-1, was used for comparison in the Bottle tests. Table I is divided into three sections A, B, and C. Section A is the Ratio test; Section B is the Elimination test; and Section C is the Confirmation test.
- Section A provided the initial dosage needed for the test run in Section B. At 5 ppm, three of the new chemicals performed as well as the standard at less than half of the active dosage. Section C demonstrates the performance of the new chemicals at a variety of ranges. Even at the lowest active dosage, performance as better than the standard chemical, J-1.
- Water samples for Table II were from an oil field using a natural underground water drive for oil recovery.
- the produced water samples contained one weight percent (1%) emulsified oil.
- the water temperature was 65° F.
- the standard chemical, G-6 was used for comparison in the Bottle tests.
- the Table is divided into two sections A and B. Section A is the Ratio test and Section B is the Elimination test. Several of these new chemistries matched the performance of the standard for water clarity but were better for separating the emulsified oil.
- Water samples for Table V were from an oil field using a steam flood oil recovery system.
- the produced water samples contained ten weight percent (10%) emulsified oil at 200° F., 9-12 API oil.
- the standard chemical, I-7 was used for comparison in the tests.
- the Table is divided into three sections A, B, and C. Section A is the Ratio test; Section B is the Elimination test; and Section C is the Confirmation test. As can be seen from the Table, the new chemicals matched the water clarity of the standard.
Abstract
Description
______________________________________ Materials Needed Percentage ______________________________________ A. Water 76.36 Triton X-405 1.71 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 0.93 B. DMAEM (45 mole percent) 11.33 Ethylacrylate (27.5 mole percent) 4.33 Methyl methacrylate (27.5 mole percent) 4.34 C. Ammonium persulfate 0.33 (10 percent in water) D. Sodium meta-bisulfite 0.67 (5 percent in water) ______________________________________ 1. Charged items listed in (A) to a 500 ml round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, nitrogen purge, and thermometer. 2. Started stirring at moderate speed. 3. To a separate beaker, combined items listed in (B). 4. Added CONTENTS in beaker to flask. A milky white mixture resulted. 5. Started nitrogen purge. (Caution! Foaming will occur if the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is too high.) 6. Heated to 30° C. 7. Added (C). Stir for 15 seconds. 8. Added (D). Temperature began to rise five minutes after the addition o (D). Temperature reached a maximum of 50° C. 9. Stirred for 4 hours. 10. Transferred finished product to a storage container. The product was milky white latex with a bluish cast and did not settle out. Tests for residual DMAEM and acrylate monomer were negative.
______________________________________ Materials Needed Percentage ______________________________________ A. Water 76.36 Triton X-405 1.71 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 0.93 Vazo 67 0.01 B. DMAEM (45 mole percent) 11.33 Ethylacrylate (27.5 mole percent) 4.33 Methyl methacrylate (27.5 mole percent) 4.34 ______________________________________ 1. Charged items listed in (A) to a 500 ml round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, nitrogen purge, additional funnel, reflux condenser, and thermometer. 2. Started moderate stirring. 3. Started nitrogen purge. (Caution! Foaming will occur if the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is too high.) 4. Heated to 60° C. 5. Added to the additional funnel items listed in (B). 6. At 60° C., started addition of monomers. Added over a three hou period. 7. After addition, continued heating for one hour at 60° C. 8. Transferred finished product to a storage container.
______________________________________ List of Polymers Tested Number Name mole %/mole % ______________________________________ A 1 EA/DMAEM 55/45 A 2 MMA/DMAEM 55/45 A 3 BA/DMAEM 55/45 A 4 iBA/DMAEM 55/45 B 1 DEAEM/DMAEM 55/45 C 1 DEAEM 100 D 1 EA/MMA/DMAEM 27.5/27.5/45 D 2 EA/MMA/DMAEM 27.5/27.5/45 E 1 EA/DMAEM 65/35 E 2 EA/DMAEM 60/40 E 3 MMA/DMAEM 70/30 E 4 MMA/DMAEM 65/35 E 5 MMA/DMAEM 60/40 E 6 BA/DMAEM 60/40 E 7 BA/DMAEM 65/35 E 8 BA/DMAEM 70/30 E 9 BA/DMAEM 55/45 E 10 EA/DMAPMA 55/45 E 11 EA/DMAPMA 60/40 E 12 EA/DMAPMA 65/35 E 13 EA/DMAEA 55/45 E 14 EA/DMAEA 60/40 E 15 EA/DMAEA 65/35 E 16 EA/DMAEA 70/30 E 17 MMA/DMAEM 55/45 ______________________________________
TABLE I ______________________________________ Chemical ppm ppm Water Degree of Code Used Active Clarity Separation ______________________________________ Section A Std J-1 1 .55 4 2 Std J-1 2 1.10 3 2 Std J-1 4 2.2 3 2 Std J-1 5 2.75 1- 2 Std J-1 6 3.3 1+ 2 Std J-1 8 4.4 2 2 Std J-1 10 5.5 3 2 Blank -- -- 10 10 Section B I-6 5 2.50 2 2 J-1 5 2.75 2 2 E-2 5 1 5 4 E-1 5 1 5 4 B-1 5 1 5 4 E-13 5 1 5 4 E-3 5 1 2 2 D-2 5 1 2+ 2+ A-2 5 1 2+ 2+ C-1 5 1 4+ 4 A-1 5 1 4+ 4 A-3 5 1 4+ 4 E-6 5 1.0 4+ 4 E-7 5 1 2 2 E-8 5 1 4 4 E-8 5 1 5 4 Section C J-1 4 2.2 4 4 D-1 1 .2 4- 2 D-1 2 .4 4 2 D-1 4 .8 3- 2 D-2 1 .2 4- 2 D-2 2 .4 4 2 D-2 4 .8 3+ 2 A-2 1 .2 4- 2 A-2 2 .4 4 2 A-2 4 .8 3+ 2 A-1 1 .55 4- 2 A-1 2 1.10 4 2 A-1 4 2.2 3 2 ______________________________________ Water: 4 weight percent oil emulsified in the water, 20 API oil
TABLE II ______________________________________ Chemical ppm ppm Water Degree of Code Used Active Clarity Separation ______________________________________ Section A Std G-6 1 .35 4 7 Std G-6 2 .70 3+ 5 Std G-6 4 1.4 3 5 Std G-6 8 2.8 3- 5 Std G-6 10 3.5 5 8 Std Blank -- -- 10 10 Section B Std G-6 8 2.8 4 5 Std J-1 8 4.4 2 2 Std I-14 8 4.0 4 3- Std I-13 8 4.0 6 5 Std G-4 8 2.8 4 3- Std E-1 8 1.6 4+ 4 Std B-1 8 1.6 3 4 Std E-17 8 1.6 5+ 4+ Std A-1 8 1.6 4 4 Std E-3 8 1.6 5 3 Std D-2 8 1.6 4 4 ______________________________________ Water: One weight percent oil emulsified in the produced water; 22 API oil.
TABLE III ______________________________________ Chemical ppm ppm Water Degree of Code Used Active Clarity Separation ______________________________________ Std G-4 3 1.05 1 1 Std F-2 3 .6 3 3 Std I-4 3 1.5 1 3 Std I-5 3 1.5 2 2 Std I-9 3 1.5 2 3 Std I-13 3 1.5 2 3 Std I-14 3 1.5 3 2 Std F-4 3 1.05 5 6 Std F-1 3 .6 3 3 Std G-2 3 .75 1 2 Std G-6 3 1.05 1 2 Std I-1 3 1.8 4 4 Std E-6 3 .6 2 1 Std E-1 3 .6 1- 1 Std B-1 3 .6 1- 1 Std A-1 3 .6 1- 1 Std E-3 3 .6 2 1 Std D-2 3 .6 1- 1 Std A-2 3 .6 1 1 Std C-1 3 .6 2 1 ______________________________________
TABLE IV ______________________________________ Chemical ppm ppm Water Degree of Code Used Active Clarity Separation ______________________________________ Std F-1 1 0.15 2 2 Std F-1 2 0.30 2 2 Std F-1 4 0.60 2 2 Std F-1 6 0.90 2 2 Std F-1 8 1.2 2 3 Std F-1 10 1.5 2 2 Blank -- -- 9 9 Std F-1 4 0.6 4 3 Std E-2 4 0.8 2 2 Std E-1 4 0.8 2 2 Std C-1 4 0.8 3 2 Std A-1 4 0.8 2 2 Std E-9 4 0.8 2 2 Std F-1 4 0.8 4 3 Std E-3 4 0.8 2 1 Std D-2 4 0.8 2+ 1 Std A-2 4 0.8 2 l Std C-1 4 0.8 1- 1 Std A-3 4 0.8 3 1 Std E-6 4 0.8 3+ 1 Std E-7 4 0.8 3+ 1 Std G-6 4 1.4 3 3 Std F-3 4 1.4 10 10 Std F-4 4 1.4 10 10 ______________________________________
TABLE V ______________________________________ Chemical ppm ppm Water Code Used Active Clarity ______________________________________ Section A I-2 (Std) 6 3 5 I-2 (Std) 8 4 3 I-2 (Std) 10 5 6 I-2 (Std) 12 6 6 I-2 (Std) 14 7 6 Section B A-1 20 4 4 E-2 20 4 7 E-3 20 4 7 E-6 20 4 7 E-12 20 4 4 F-1 20 3.6 4 F-5 20 6.0 4 Section C I-2 8 4 6 E-3 5 1 8 E-3 10 2 8 E-3 15 3 8 E-3 20 4 6 E-3 25 .5 4 E-12 5 1 9 E-12 10 2 9 E-12 15 3 9 E-12 20 4 7 E-12 25 5 6 ______________________________________ Water: The oilin water emulsion was obtained from a steam flooded application.
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5294347A (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-03-15 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dispersion polymers for ethylene quench water clarification |
US5330650A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-07-19 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dispersion polymers for oil field water clarification |
US5332507A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-07-26 | Nalco Chemical Company | Recovery of oil from waste oil fluids |
US6120678A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 2000-09-19 | Nalco Chemical Company | Desalting adjunct chemistry |
US6520932B2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-02-18 | Prismedical Corporation | In-line IV drug delivery pack with controllable dilution |
US20040045906A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-11 | Phil Wiseman | Compositions and methods for the removal of colorants from solution |
US20040109788A1 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-06-10 | Lixiong Li | Apparatus and method for continuous depyrogenation and production of sterile water for injection |
US20050045564A1 (en) * | 2000-07-29 | 2005-03-03 | Galip Akay | Methods for separating oil and water |
CN104479064A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-01 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Reversed-phase demulsifier for treating produced fluid from polymer flooding and preparation method thereof |
US9260601B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2016-02-16 | General Electric Company | Single drum oil and aqueous products and methods of use |
US20160257891A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-08 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Reverse emulsion breaker polymers |
US10072217B2 (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2018-09-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Reverse emulsion breaker polymers |
US11629296B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2023-04-18 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Demulsifying compositions and methods of use |
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6120678A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 2000-09-19 | Nalco Chemical Company | Desalting adjunct chemistry |
US5330650A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-07-19 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dispersion polymers for oil field water clarification |
US5294347A (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-03-15 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dispersion polymers for ethylene quench water clarification |
US5332507A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-07-26 | Nalco Chemical Company | Recovery of oil from waste oil fluids |
US6520932B2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-02-18 | Prismedical Corporation | In-line IV drug delivery pack with controllable dilution |
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US8177985B2 (en) | 2000-07-29 | 2012-05-15 | Galip Akay | Methods for separating oil and water |
US20040109788A1 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-06-10 | Lixiong Li | Apparatus and method for continuous depyrogenation and production of sterile water for injection |
US20040045906A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-11 | Phil Wiseman | Compositions and methods for the removal of colorants from solution |
US9260601B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2016-02-16 | General Electric Company | Single drum oil and aqueous products and methods of use |
US11629296B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2023-04-18 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Demulsifying compositions and methods of use |
CN104479064A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-01 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Reversed-phase demulsifier for treating produced fluid from polymer flooding and preparation method thereof |
CN104479064B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-08-24 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | A kind of poly-flooding produced liquid process reverse-phase emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
US10072217B2 (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2018-09-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Reverse emulsion breaker polymers |
US20160257891A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-08 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Reverse emulsion breaker polymers |
US9914882B2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2018-03-13 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Reverse emulsion breaker polymers |
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