US4984339A - Hook for hook and loop fasteners - Google Patents
Hook for hook and loop fasteners Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4984339A US4984339A US07/260,474 US26047488A US4984339A US 4984339 A US4984339 A US 4984339A US 26047488 A US26047488 A US 26047488A US 4984339 A US4984339 A US 4984339A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hook
- loop
- base member
- improved
- base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
- A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
- A44B18/0046—Fasteners made integrally of plastics
- A44B18/0061—Male or hook elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/44—Compression means for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C43/46—Rollers
- B29C2043/461—Rollers the rollers having specific surface features
- B29C2043/465—Rollers the rollers having specific surface features having one or more cavities, e.g. for forming distinct products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/727—Fastening elements
- B29L2031/729—Hook and loop-type fasteners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/27—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc. including readily dissociable fastener having numerous, protruding, unitary filaments randomly interlocking with, and simultaneously moving towards, mating structure [e.g., hook-loop type fastener]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/27—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc. including readily dissociable fastener having numerous, protruding, unitary filaments randomly interlocking with, and simultaneously moving towards, mating structure [e.g., hook-loop type fastener]
- Y10T24/2792—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc. including readily dissociable fastener having numerous, protruding, unitary filaments randomly interlocking with, and simultaneously moving towards, mating structure [e.g., hook-loop type fastener] having mounting surface and filaments constructed from common piece of material
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved hook for hook and loop fasteners and particularly, though not exclusively, to such hooks integrally molded with a base strip and having a cross-section with a shape to facilitate removal from an open-ended but otherwise closed mold cavity as the base strip is peeled from the periphery of a roller having said cavities formed in the periphery thereof and to provide high shear strength for the fastener coupled with desired relatively low hook height, satisfactory separability performance for the fastener in peel, appropriate automatic positioning of a loop engaging the hook for operation in tension and in shear, superior engagement of the loop with the hook for operation in shear, low lint pickup during washing and superior anti-snagging properties and reduced surface abrasion of adjacent fabric surfaces all relative to prior art hook and loop fastener hooks.
- hook and loop fasteners derive their fastening ability from the mechanical engagement of hooking elements with yarn filaments anchored at both ends in a base material.
- the conventional construction for the hook portion of such a fastener involves inverted "J" shaped protrusions of uniform cross-section extending perpendicularly from a base member. This structure is typically achieved by weaving or knitting synthetic monofilament yarns into a base ribbon.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional hook and indicates the location and direction of these forces.
- FIG. 2 depicts the typical deformation that a conventional hook experiences under peel and shear loads respectively.
- the strength of the fastener under these type loadings is directly proportional to the hook's resistance to deformation.
- this can be only altered by varying the monofilament diameter or resin. These modifications are limited in scope and can be more detrimental than beneficial on performance.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,760,000 to Menzin et al. disclose a hook "eye" having a sloping surface which functions as a cam surface during the extracting of the hooks from the mold cavities.
- the shank portion has two equally dimensioned flat sides and a somewhat larger third side.
- the shank portion is larger in cross section near the web than at the tip of the hook.
- the three flat side portions of the shank are continued in smooth curves into and throughout the hook portion.
- the shank portion of the third side lies in the same continuous plane as the corresponding face of hook portion.
- a first of these has a base member having a typical hook-type engaging element, upstanding from one surface thereof, formed of an upstanding stem which is preferably tapered and which includes an arcuately configured inner surface. On the unsupported end of the stem there is connected a radial extension which extends away from the stem and is resiliently flexible relative to the stem.
- the stem is tapered from the base to its unsupported end.
- the radial extension flexes mechanically and resiliently relative to the stem when the fastener members are pressed together or peeled apart thus permitting the relative peeling of the fastener members.
- shear forces are applied to the two members, these forces cause further engagement between the loop and the hook by translation of downward forces on the loop thereby causing the loop to ride downwardly along the arcuate surface of the hook.
- the configuration of the hook with its unique arcuate inner surface portion, assists in directing any loops engaged therewith toward a predetermined portion of the stem, in this case, the medial portion of the stem which is the portion of greatest strength.
- a second hook of this PCT application is tapered and has arcuate inner and outer surfaces to facilitate the predetermination of the shear strength capability of the hook.
- the stem of this embodiment is connected to the base member by arcuate reinforcing transitions.
- These hook designs are all part circular, is cross-sectional and may able to be provided with a taper not only in width but also in thickness.
- an improved hook for hook and loop fasteners having a profile defined by an inner generally concave face and an outer generally convex face, said hook comprising a steeply tapered base portion intimately engaging a planar base member and extending therefrom.
- the tapered base portion joins, in a transition region, a hook portion able to engage a loop in the hook tapering continuously downwardly in width from the base member to the free end.
- a loop engaging the hook in tension, with the said force being substantially normal to the base member, will cause a buckling of the hook at a location adjacent the outer face in the transition region as the hook deforms under the applied force.
- a loop engaging the hook in shear, with said force substantially parallel to the base member, will transmit the shear force through the hook at a point between the location of buckling and the base member.
- the shear force is transmitted through the steeply tapered (much stronger) base portion.
- FIGS. 1, and 2 illustrate a prior art monofilament hook and its operation
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate two types of hooks illustrated in the PCT application and FIG. 5 illustrates a hook of the type shown in Rochlis U.S. Pat. No. 3,312,583.
- FIG. 6 is a side elevation of a preferred shape of hook according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a typical cross-section of the hook of FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 a front elevation of the hook of FIG. 6 as seen in the direction of arrow 10 in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of the continuous taper of the hook of FIG. 6;
- FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of the change of taper of the hook of FIG. 6;
- FIGS. 11 through 16 illustrate the removal of the hook of FIG. 6 from an open-ended cavity in the periphery of a molding roller as a base member of hook material, by which a plurality of the hooks are supported, is peeled from the roller surface;
- FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate the deformation under medium and near release loads by a loop engaging the hook of FIG. 6 in tension
- FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the deformation under medium and near release loads by a loop engaging the hook of FIG. 6 angled toward shear operation but still operating substantially in tension;
- FIG. 21 illustrates the hook of FIG. 6 when engaged by a loop and loaded in shear
- FIG. 22 is a side elevation of a second embodiment of hook according to the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a diagrammatic representation of a hook material having many hooks of the present invention all facing in one direction to provide one way operation in shear and norm operation in tension;
- FIG. 24 shows a hook and loop assembly embodying the invention.
- Hook 20 has a rectangular cross-section (FIG. 7) with a thickness of about 0.012 inches and is integral at its base 22 with a planar base member 24 having a thickness of about 0.010 inches.
- FIG. 6 the inner and outer faces of the hook at the base portion are steeply tapered towards each other with an angle of about 35°. This angle should be preferably at least 25°.
- Hook 20 comprises a sturdy monolithic base 22 extending from planar base member 24 to a transition region 26 in which occurs a significant change of taper of the inner (front) face 21 with respect to the back face 44, with a transition to a generally arcuate resilient hook portion 28 with an inner face which arcs about center curvature 30 through an angle of about 160°.
- the outer face is essentially straight to the point F where transition to an arcurate surface occurs having a center of curvature 31 which is closer to the stem than is the center of curvature 30.
- the center of area of the base 22 and transition region 26 defines an axis 32 disposed at an angle 34 of about 17.5° to a line 36 normal to the planar base member.
- this angle may be from about 15° to about 35° and preferably from about 17.5° to about 30° with about 17.5° being the best mode known to applicant at the present time.
- the front (2l) to rear (44) thickness of the tapered base as measured in FIG. 6 normal to the center of area axis is much (about 2 times) greater than the transverse thickness of the base of the point of attachment to the planar base member 24.
- This front (2l) to rear (44) thickness rapidly decreases to the transition region where the front to rear thickness is about equal to, or slightly less than, the transverse thickness of the hook portion. This front to rear thickness then changes very slightly to the end of the hook.
- transition region is short relative to the height of the base and length of the hook portion and may be considered for the purposes of hook performance to have substantially zero length.
- the base 22 in side elevation includes concave reinforcing fillets 38,40 providing a smooth transition with the base member 24 and buttressing support for the base.
- Inner smoothly contoured generally concave face 42 is preferably textured at least in part as if sandblasted with 400 grit abrasive material, preferably an RMS of about 18 to 35, more preferably an RMS of about 20 to 30, to enhance frictional engagement of the hook 20 with a loop of a cooperating loop carrying member of a hook and loop fastener. Texturing to an RMS below about 18 RMS generally does not enhance frictional engagement significantly, while texturing to an RMS above about 35 generally is avoided since this increases loop wear and breakage upon disengagement.
- the rectangular cross-section of the hook also aids the gripping of the hook by a loop as the loop bites into the corners of the rectangular cross section adjacent the textured surface.
- Hook height Ht is 0.050 inches ⁇ 0.002 inches and the hook's width tapers smoothly and continuously to provide a thickness normal to center of area axis 32 and its curved extension axis defined by the center of area of the hook portion 28 indicated in FIG. 6 by reference characters A through L (ignoring Fillets 38,40) as follows:
- Table I is graphically presented as FIG. 9.
- the degree of taper is important in design considerations and the following Table II presents the considerations and the following Table II presents the degree of taper in inches for each 0.005" step along the center of area axis, again ignoring fillets 38,40:
- Hook 6 also defines an at least partly convex, preferably smoothly contoured, outer face 44.
- the portion of the inner face 42 adjacent the transition area is substantially straight and is inclined at an angle of about 5° oppositely to the inclination of the center of area axis 32 relative to the line 36 normal to the base member 24.
- this angle will vary with the degree of taper used and the inclination of the center area axis 32 and may be oppositely inclined as discussed below with reference to FIG. 22.
- major portions of the front (2l) and rear (44) surfaces of the base are largely straight lines. When these lines are curved the degree of taper can be estimated by using major chords extending from the planar base 24 to the transition point where the steep taper changes to the curved hook with slight taper.
- FIGS. 11 through 16 illustrate this removal process step-by-step.
- FIG. 11 shows a hook 20 filling a hook cavity 46 in the periphery 48 of a molding roller 50 with base member 24 in contact with the periphery 48.
- FIGS. 12 through 15 will show how the choice of taper of the hook and the concave shape of the fillets coupled with the generally arcuate shape of the hook portion contribute to providing removal easing clearances facilitating the removal of the hook with minimal stressing of the hook material during that removal.
- the texturing of the inner surface 2 of the hook may be achieved by corresponding texturing of the respective surface of the cavity.
- FIGS. 17 through 21 show the hook 20 in use under various types and degrees of stress.
- the hook is under tension by a loop 52 applying a load to the resilient hook portion 28 normal to base member 24.
- the load is within the usual operating range encountered in use below that required to peel a hook and loop fastener apart.
- the buckling appears centered at about location F where the degree of taper drops below 0.0020 in 0.005 inches (2 in 5) and the width of the hook profile decreases to approximately equal the substantially constant thickness T (0.012 inches) of the hook 20.
- thickness T of the hook preferably exceeds the profile width in the area of loop engagement (i.e. between F and L) during tension operation in order to avoid undesired twisting or distortion normal to the profile shown in FIG. 6 which distortion inherently weakens the holding power of the hook. This is not as important in shear operation due to the sturdy monolithic nature of base 22 below the transition region. However, the thickness must be sufficient to avoid twisting in shear.
- the inner concave face 42 is preferably so shaped as to bring a loop engaging hook 20 in shear to a position of engagement with the hook at about location E, so that the shear force is transmitted through the steeply tapered base below the location F of buckling under tension loading.
- FIG. 19 shows a loop 52 engaging hook 20 and applying a load similar in magnitude to that applied in FIG. 17 but at an angle of about 30° to a direction normal to the base member. In this case a component of this load stresses the hook in shear. However, the primary load stresses hook 20 in tension as in FIG. 17. Again, a minor buckling is occurring at about location F.
- FIG. 20 shows a highly stressed form of FIG. 19 just short of that needed to release the loop as a result of resilient distortion of the hook portion 28 under the applied load. As in FIG. 18 a substantial buckling is occurring at about location F.
- FIG. 21 shows a highly stressed loading of hook 20, substantially only in shear, by loop 52. Because of the shape of the inner face 42 of the hook 20 the loop 52 engages the hook 20 at or below location E, and the pull of the loop it engages the hook for operation at or substantially in shear provides a force which intersects the hook in the region between the buckle point and the base member. As this transmission of force is through the sturdy monolithic (very strong) base of the hook below the location of buckling, great fastening strength is achieved in shear. In fact, this strength is so high that loop breakage can occur before the hook fails and the base member 24 can be seen to distort before significant hook distortion occurs.
- Table III following sets forth the advantageous performance of the hook of FIG. 6 by comparison with the standard hook of the prior art (as shown in FIGS. 1-5).
- FIG. 22 shows a variation of the hook of FIG. 6.
- the angle 34 of the center of area axis 24 is about 30° to the line 36 normal to the plane of base member 24 and the taper of the base and transition region of the hook is such that the inner face 42 is sloped in the same direction as axis 24 thereby to provide a positive component 56 of force urging a loop, engaging the hook in shear, toward the base member 24 to ensure maximum shear strength while retaining the peelable non-destruction loop and hook operation in tension.
- An inner face angle of at least about 10° to line 36 is appropriate and about -13° is preferred in the case of hooks made of Nylon and about 16° in the case of hooks made of polypropylene.
- An upper limit of about 20° may be necessary to meet other criteria of the design of the hook as set forth herein.
- FIG. 23 shows a portion of base member 24 with a plurality of hooks 20 formed thereon.
- all hooks face in the same direction providing in shear engagement with loops, only in one direction.
- the loops slide freely up the outer face 44 of the hooks and do not engage the hooks. This provides great strength in shear in one direction and ready separation on shear in the opposite direction.
- the operation of the hook and loop fastener in tension remains substantially normal.
- the hooks may have differing orientations to provide multi-directional shear operation coupled with normal tension operation.
- FIG. 24 shows another preferred embodiment of the invention wherein a hook and loop fastener is shown having separate hook and loop assemblies.
- the hook assembly includes a number of hooks 20 extending from an integral planar base of the type generally described previously. As noted, these hooks are generally smoothly tapered from a sturdy base portion to a tip portion 28. A multiplicity of the hooks are aligned in a given direction so that adjacent hooks constitute a pair. The tip portion 28 of each hook extends in the given direction and faces a rear inclined surface 44 of the front hook in its pair.
- the curved tip portion 28 and the inclined surface 44 define a wedge-shaped opening having at the top, as illustrated, a maximum width and having a minimum width at the closest point between the front of the tip portion 28 and the adjacent rear surface 44 of the front hook.
- the cooperating loop assembly comprises a planar base 48 carrying a plurality of hooks 50.
- FIG. 24 the plurality of the loop assemblies are shown and the cooperation between the wedge-shaped opening and a plurality of loops carried by the loop assembly is illustrated.
- As the loop assembly is forced downwardly towards the hook assembly a group of loops is forced through the wedge-shaped opening defined between a pair of hook elements.
- the loop assembly In the left hand side of FIG. 24 the loop assembly is just approaching the wedge. The next loop assembly is just entering the maximum width of the wedge-shaped opening.
- loops While in the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 24 a number of loops (5 in this case) are illustrated, greater or lesser numbers can be employed. For example, there may be certain situations where particularly strong loops are required. For example, in those situations where the hook and loop fastener constitutes a means for connecting structural elements together. In this case, perhaps only two loops might pass through minimum width of the wedge. But even in this case the inclined surface o the front hook will tend to force both hooks under the tip of the adjacent rear hook. And even if the front loop does not engage the hook, the back loop will be forced under the hook portion and will be positively engaged thereby.
- the unique cooperative relationship between the front and back surfaces of the two hooks of a pair provide a novel structure of closely spaced hooks and provides a novel method of assuring engagement by the loop assembly of the hook and loop fastener.
- the hook assembly provides a surface which, while undulating feels smooth to the touch and does not have protruding sharp ends and is relatively incompressible compared to woven constructions.
- the type of construction illustrated in FIG. 24 gives greatly improved non-snagging characteristics and greatly reduces lint pick-up in use during washing. It also has the characteristic of very low abrasion by the hooks against adjacent textile surfaces. With this type of hook assembly, the loops are readily and positively engaged, as described above, but other fibers are only poorly engaged by the hooks.
- the maximum width of the wedge is about twice the minimum width of the wedge. This relation is not critical.
- the important feature is that there be sufficient pressure on the front loop so that it forces all of the rear loops to move away from the front hook and towards and under the tip of the rear hook as the loops pass through the narrow portion of the wedge.
- the precise number of loops which are forced under the tip will depend upon the density of loops and the actual spacings involved.
- the important feature is that there be a high enough density of loops so that the front loop will exert a rearward force on the back loop o& a group passing through the smallest portion of the wedge-shaped opening.
Abstract
Description
TABLE I __________________________________________________________________________ DISTANCE ALONG CENTER OF AREA FROM BASE WIDTH NORMAL TO LOCATION (INCHES) CENTER OF AREA AXIS __________________________________________________________________________ B 0.005 about 0.0264 C 0.010 about 0.0190 D 0.015 about 0.0156 E 0.020 about 0.0122 F 0.025 about 0.0102 G 0.030 about 0.0098 H 0.035 about 0.0091 I 0.040 about 0.0082 J 0.045 about 0.0073 K 0.050 about 0.0065 L 0.055 about 0.0060 __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE II ______________________________________ LOCATION OF STEP MAGNITUDE OF TAPER ______________________________________ B-C 0.0074 in 0.005 C-D 0.0034 in 0.005 D-E 0.0034 in 0.005 E-F 0.0020 in 0.005 F-G 0.0004 in 0.005 G-H 0.0007 in 0.005 H-I 0.0009 in 0.005 I-J 0.0009 in 0.005 J-K 0.0008 in 0.005 K-L 0.0005 in 0.005 ______________________________________
TABLE III __________________________________________________________________________ Standard Hook (FIGS. 1-5) FIG. 6 Hook FIG. 6 Hook FIG. 6 Hook (0.070 hgt.) (Elastomeric (Stiff (Elastomeric (Nylon 66) nylon) Nylon) polypropylene) __________________________________________________________________________ PEEL (pounds/inch 0.96 ± .17 .97 ± .37 2.80 ± .81 .87 ± .34 of width (1.02-1.21) SHEAR (pounds/sq. 12.5 ± 2.3 20.5 ± 4.8 50.5 ± 15.9 21.4 ± 4.2 inch) TENSION (pounds/sq. 7.0 ± 3.0 11.7 ± 1.4 22.8 ± 9.1 11.6 ± 3.6 inch) STIFFNESS (dry) (bending 13.3 ± .3 10.3 ± .2 ? 14.8 ± .1 length (cm) STIFFNESS (bending 10.6 ± .2 10.6 ± .3 12.7 ± .1 15.5 ± .2 (65% rh) length (cm) TENSILE (pounds/inch 158 ± 10 96 ± 26 114 ± 10 54 ± 2 STRENGTH of width) ELONGATION (% of origi- 33 ± 5 102 ± 46 47% ± 12 125% ± 38 TO BREAK nal length) TEAR STRENGTH (grams) 1472 ± 87 227 ± 18 317 ± 26 163 ± 10 (md) ELMENDORF METHOD TEAR STRENGTH (grams) does not tear 2240 ± 363 1258 ± 60 578 ± 59 (cd) SEWN SEAM (pounds/inch thread break thread break thread break 14 ± 2 STRENGTH of seam) __________________________________________________________________________
Claims (28)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/260,474 US4984339A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1988-10-20 | Hook for hook and loop fasteners |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/260,474 US4984339A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1988-10-20 | Hook for hook and loop fasteners |
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US4984339A true US4984339A (en) | 1991-01-15 |
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US07/260,474 Expired - Lifetime US4984339A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1988-10-20 | Hook for hook and loop fasteners |
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Cited By (133)
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US5131119A (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-07-21 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Hook structure for integrally molded surface fastener |
US5180534A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-01-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process of manufacturing a refastenable mechanical fastening system |
US5230851A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1993-07-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process of manufacturing a refastenable mechanical fastening system |
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US5339499A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-08-23 | Velcro Industries B.V. | Hook design for a hook and loop fastener |
US5345659A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1994-09-13 | Allan Robert M | Connector apparatus with nesting ridges |
US5361462A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1994-11-08 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Molded surface fastener |
US5368549A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1994-11-29 | Aircast, Inc. | Method for injection-molding an orthopedic device and product of the method |
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US5540673A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1996-07-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Refastenable mechanical fastening system |
US5555608A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1996-09-17 | Allan; Robert M. | Connector apparatus with nesting ridges |
US5586371A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1996-12-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for manufacturing refastenable fastening systems including a female loop fastening component and the product produced therefrom |
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US5640744A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1997-06-24 | Allan; Robert M. | Nested ridge strap connector apparatus |
US5651745A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1997-07-29 | Childress; Ellen Carol | Motion transfer device |
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US5662853A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-09-02 | Minnesota Mining Manufacturing Company | Affixation member for decorating or protecting structures and methods of making same |
US5671511A (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1997-09-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Interengaging fastener member having fabric layer |
US5685050A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1997-11-11 | Ykk Corporation | Hook structure for molded surface fastener |
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US5697115A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-12-16 | Black & Decker Inc. | Cleaning apparatus with triangular shaped mount for attachment and quick disconnect |
US5706541A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1998-01-13 | Black & Decker Inc. | Watertight friction fit battery cap with cam removal |
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