US4980551A - Non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell - Google Patents

Non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell Download PDF

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Publication number
US4980551A
US4980551A US07/461,182 US46118290A US4980551A US 4980551 A US4980551 A US 4980551A US 46118290 A US46118290 A US 46118290A US 4980551 A US4980551 A US 4980551A
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sample
windows
passage
face
light beam
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US07/461,182
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Patrick T. T. Wong
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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA CONSEIL NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES CANADA
National Research Council of Canada
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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA CONSEIL NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES CANADA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/0303—Optical path conditioning in cuvettes, e.g. windows; adapted optical elements or systems; path modifying or adjustment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N2021/0364—Cuvette constructions flexible, compressible
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N2021/0389—Windows
    • G01N2021/0392—Nonplanar windows
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell.
  • a non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell comprising:
  • the sample space may be in the form of a segment of a sphere.
  • the lower one of the windows may have a concavity forming the sample space, and an upper one of the windows may have a plane surface sealing the cavity.
  • the windows may be of a substance selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KBr, BaF 2 , CaF 2 , AgCl, ZnTe, CsI, T1I-T1Br mixture, ZnS and MgO.
  • the window locating means comprises a recess and a shoulder in the passage
  • the means for urging the windows into face-to-face contact comprises an externally screw threaded clamping ring which screws into a screw threaded portion of the passage
  • a ring seal is provided on the shoulder against which the windows are to be urged into face-to-face contact by the clamping ring.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption, spectroscopic apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged, partly sectional side view of the sample cell shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is an even more enlarged side view of the sample space shown in FIG. 2,
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 are scrap, sectional side views of windows providing sample spaces of different shapes to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and
  • FIG. 8 shows the infrared absorption spectrum of rat liver tissue using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown an infrared light beam source 1, a convex lens 2, a sample cell and assembly holder generally designated 4, an infrared spectrometer 6, a computer 8, and a read-out 10.
  • the sample cell generally designated 12, of the sample cell and assembly holder 4, comprises:
  • a window locating means in the passage 16 the window locating means being for locating a pair of windows in face-to-face contact across the passage 16, and
  • masking means 33 for restricting the entry of infrared light only to those portions of the windows 20 and 22 having the sample space 28 therebetween, and
  • the infrared light beam source 1 may be any conventional infrared light beam source.
  • the sample holder 14, which in this embodiment is cylindrical, may be made of, for example, metal or plastic.
  • the window locating means 18 comprises a recess 36 in the passage 16 and a shoulder 38.
  • the windows 20 and 22 may be of NaCl, KBr, BaF 2 , CsI, CaF 2 , AgCl, ZnTe, MgO, KRS-5® or Irtran 1-6®.
  • the masking means 33 may comprise a coating on the window 22, a disk of, for example, metal or plastic, or an inner portion of the means 34. If the masking means 33 is of a resilient material it may also provide a resilient member between the means 34 and the window 22.
  • the means 34 for urging the windows 20 and 22 into face-to-face contact in the passage 16 comprises an externally screw threaded clamping ring 40, having a knurled flange portion 42, and a resilient 0-ring 43 between the clamping ring 40 and the windows 20 and 22.
  • the screw threaded clamping ring 40 is screwed into a screw threaded portion 44 of the passage 16 to compress the 0-ring 43 and to resiliently urge the windows 20 and 22 into face-to-face contact against a resilient 0-ring 46 which is pressed against the shoulder 38.
  • the masking means may also comprise the ring 43.
  • the pair of windows 20 and 22 are located and urged into face-to-face contact in the passage 16, as shown in FIG. 2, and the deformable sample 36 is lightly compressed in the sample space 28 to substantially conform to the shape thereof.
  • These spectra obtained by the spectrometer 6 are analyzed by the computer to determine, for example, molecular characterization of the sample 36.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 similar parts to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are designated by the same reference numerals and the previous description is relied upon to describe them.
  • the uppermost window 22 is provided with a concavity 48 while the lower window 20 has a plane surface.
  • both of the windows 20 and 22 are provided with concavities 50 and 52 respectively.
  • the window 20 is provided with an inverted-cone-shaped cavity 54 while the uppermost window 22 has a plane surface.
  • the window 20 is provided with a wedge-shaped cavity 56 while the uppermost window 22 has a plane surface.
  • the present invention is particularly useful for analyzing organ tissue, for example, liver, kidney, muscle, brain tissue, and so forth in its original form which, prior to the present invention, had to be dried or mashed for analysis.
  • the present invention may be used to analyze other deformable, semi-solid material, for example, gels, amorphous polymers and highly viscous liquid.

Abstract

A non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample holder comprises a sample holder having an infrared light beam transmitting passage, two windows of infrared light transmitting material in the passage in face-to-face contact, with at least one window having an inner surface portion contoured to provide between the windows a sample space shaped to provide adjacent light beam paths which are different in length and a clamp for resiliently clamping the windows in the sample holder. A deformable sample is lightly compressed to fill the sample space, and an infrared light beam is passed through the sample. The adjacent light beam paths being of different lengths avoids optical interference fringes so that absorption spectra of the sample can be recorded.

Description

This invention relates to a non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell.
It has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,913, dated July 7, 1987, "Method and Apparatus for Analyzing the Nature of a Sample", J. G. Dodd, Jr., and J. J. Dodd, to seal a minute sample in a passage through a carrier, between two lenses, for analyzing the absorption spectra of the sample.
It has also been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,881, dated September 1, 1981, "Sample Cell", J. Janzen, to squeeze a semi-solid sample between two lenses to a predetermined thickness in order to obtain optical measurements of the sample.
While the proposals of J. G. Dodd et al and J. Janzen are useful, there is a need for a sample Cell in which deformable samples of substances having a relatively high infrared absorption can be used without interference fringes being present.
According to the present invention there is provided a non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell, comprising:
(a) a sample holder having:
(i) an infrared light beam transmitting passage extending therethrough, and
(ii) a window locating means in the passage, the means being for locating a pair of windows in face-to-face contact across the passage, and
(b) a pair of windows of infrared light transmitting material for location in the passage, by the locating means, in face-to-face contact, the windows having facing surfaces shaped to provide a sample space therebetween in the path of the light beam transmitting passage, the sample space having a shape which provides adjacent, infrared light beam paths therethrough which are different in length, and
(c) masking means for restricting the entry of infrared light only to those portions of the windows having the sample space therebetween, and
(d) means for resiliently urging the windows into face-to-face contact in the passage, whereby, in operation,
(e) with the pair of windows located and urged into face-to-face contact in the passage, and a deformable sample lightly compressed in the sample space to substantially conform to the shape thereof, the passage of a condensed, infrared light beam through the sample, along the adjacent light paths of different lengths, will avoid introducing optical interference fringes in the infrared spectra, and the high quality infrared absorption spectra of the sample will be readily obtained.
The sample space may be in the form of a segment of a sphere.
The lower one of the windows may have a concavity forming the sample space, and an upper one of the windows may have a plane surface sealing the cavity.
The windows may be of a substance selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KBr, BaF2, CaF2, AgCl, ZnTe, CsI, T1I-T1Br mixture, ZnS and MgO.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the window locating means comprises a recess and a shoulder in the passage, the means for urging the windows into face-to-face contact comprises an externally screw threaded clamping ring which screws into a screw threaded portion of the passage, and a ring seal is provided on the shoulder against which the windows are to be urged into face-to-face contact by the clamping ring.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, embodiments of the present invention,
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption, spectroscopic apparatus,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, partly sectional side view of the sample cell shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is an even more enlarged side view of the sample space shown in FIG. 2,
FIGS. 4 to 7 are scrap, sectional side views of windows providing sample spaces of different shapes to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and
FIG. 8 shows the infrared absorption spectrum of rat liver tissue using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
In FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown an infrared light beam source 1, a convex lens 2, a sample cell and assembly holder generally designated 4, an infrared spectrometer 6, a computer 8, and a read-out 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, the sample cell, generally designated 12, of the sample cell and assembly holder 4, comprises:
(a) a sample holder 14 having:
(i) an infrared light beam transmitting passage 16 extending therethrough, and
(ii) a window locating means, generally designated 18, in the passage 16, the window locating means being for locating a pair of windows in face-to-face contact across the passage 16, and
(b) a pair of windows of infrared light transmitting material 20 and 22 for location in the passage 16, by the locating means 18, in face-to-face contact, the windows 20 and 22 having inner facing surface portions, 24 and 26 respectively, shaped to provide a sample space 28 therebetween in the path of the light beam transmitting passage 16, the sample space having a shape, as shown in FIG. 3, which provides adjacent light paths, such as light paths 30 and 32 which are different in length,
(c) masking means 33 for restricting the entry of infrared light only to those portions of the windows 20 and 22 having the sample space 28 therebetween, and
(d) means 34 for resiliently urging the windows 20 and 22 into face-to-face contact in the passage 16.
The infrared light beam source 1 may be any conventional infrared light beam source.
The sample holder 14, which in this embodiment is cylindrical, may be made of, for example, metal or plastic.
The window locating means 18 comprises a recess 36 in the passage 16 and a shoulder 38.
The windows 20 and 22 may be of NaCl, KBr, BaF2, CsI, CaF2, AgCl, ZnTe, MgO, KRS-5® or Irtran 1-6®.
The masking means 33 may comprise a coating on the window 22, a disk of, for example, metal or plastic, or an inner portion of the means 34. If the masking means 33 is of a resilient material it may also provide a resilient member between the means 34 and the window 22.
The means 34 for urging the windows 20 and 22 into face-to-face contact in the passage 16, comprises an externally screw threaded clamping ring 40, having a knurled flange portion 42, and a resilient 0-ring 43 between the clamping ring 40 and the windows 20 and 22. The screw threaded clamping ring 40 is screwed into a screw threaded portion 44 of the passage 16 to compress the 0-ring 43 and to resiliently urge the windows 20 and 22 into face-to-face contact against a resilient 0-ring 46 which is pressed against the shoulder 38. As previously stated, the masking means may also comprise the ring 43.
In operation, the pair of windows 20 and 22 are located and urged into face-to-face contact in the passage 16, as shown in FIG. 2, and the deformable sample 36 is lightly compressed in the sample space 28 to substantially conform to the shape thereof. The passage of a condensed, infrared light beam through the sample 36, from the source 1 (FIG. 1) through the lens 2, along the adjacent light beam paths, such as 30 and 32 (FIG. 3), avoids introducing optical interference fringes in the infrared spectra, and the high quality infrared spectra of the sample is readily recorded by the infrared spectrometer 6. These spectra obtained by the spectrometer 6 are analyzed by the computer to determine, for example, molecular characterization of the sample 36.
In an example of tests made to verify the present invention, using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the infrared absorption spectra were recorded for rat liver tissues.
The results are shown in FIG. 8.
In FIGS. 4 to 7, similar parts to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are designated by the same reference numerals and the previous description is relied upon to describe them.
In FIG. 4, the uppermost window 22 is provided with a concavity 48 while the lower window 20 has a plane surface.
In FIG. 5, both of the windows 20 and 22 are provided with concavities 50 and 52 respectively.
In FIG. 6, the window 20 is provided with an inverted-cone-shaped cavity 54 while the uppermost window 22 has a plane surface.
In FIG. 7, the window 20 is provided with a wedge-shaped cavity 56 while the uppermost window 22 has a plane surface.
The present invention is particularly useful for analyzing organ tissue, for example, liver, kidney, muscle, brain tissue, and so forth in its original form which, prior to the present invention, had to be dried or mashed for analysis.
The present invention may be used to analyze other deformable, semi-solid material, for example, gels, amorphous polymers and highly viscous liquid.

Claims (4)

I claim:
1. A non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell, comprising:
(a) a sample holder having:
(i) an infrared light beam transmitting passage extending therethrough, and
(ii) a window locating means in the passage, the means being for locating a pair of windows in face-to-face contact across the passage, and
(b) a pair of windows of infrared light transmitting material for location in the passage, by the locating means, in face-to-face contact, the windows having inner facing surface portions shaped to provide a sample space therebetween in the path of the light beam transmitting passage, the sample space having a shape which provides adjacent, infrared light beam paths therethrough which are different in length,
(c) masking means for restricting the entry of infrared light only to those portions of the windows having the sample space therebetween,
(d) means for resiliently urging the windows into face-to-face contact in the passage, whereby, in operation,
(e) with the pair of windows located and urged into face-to-face contact in the passage, and a deformable sample lightly compressed in the sample space to substantially conform to the shape thereof, the passage of a condensed, infrared light beam through the sample, along the adjacent light paths of different lengths, will avoid introducing optical interference fringes in the infrared spectra, and the high quality infrared absorption spectra of the sample will be readily obtained.
2. A sample cell according to claim 1, wherein the sample space is in the form of a segment of a sphere.
3. A sample cell according to claim 1, wherein the window panes are of a substance selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KBr, BaF2, CaF2, AgCl, ZnTe, MgO, T1I-T1Br mixture, CsI and ZnS.
4. A sample cell according to claim 1, wherein the window locating means comprises a recess and a shoulder in the passage, the means for resiliently urging the windows into face-to-face contact comprises an externally screw threaded clamping ring which screws into a screw threaded portion of the passage, and a resilient ring between the clamping ring and the windows, and a further resilient ring is provided on the shoulder against which the windows are to be urged into face-to-face contact by the clamping ring.
US07/461,182 1990-01-05 1990-01-05 Non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample cell Expired - Fee Related US4980551A (en)

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5074662A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-12-24 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Sample holder for spectroscopic studies of optical film
WO1992014134A1 (en) * 1991-02-04 1992-08-20 National Research Council Of Canada A method of detecting the presence of anomalies in exfoliated cells using infrared spectroscopy
US5371020A (en) * 1991-09-19 1994-12-06 Radiometer A/S Method of photometric in vitro determination of the content of an analyte in a sample
US5386121A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-01-31 International Business Machines Corporation In situ, non-destructive CVD surface monitor
US5422714A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-06-06 Corning Incorporated Device for comparing the refractive indices of an optical immersion liquid and a reference glass
US5463223A (en) * 1994-01-24 1995-10-31 Patwong Technologies, Inc. Disposable all purpose micro sample holder
WO1997005472A1 (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-02-13 Patwong Technologies Disposable all purpose micro sample holder
US6031232A (en) * 1995-11-13 2000-02-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method for the detection of malignant and premalignant stages of cervical cancer
US6198530B1 (en) * 1995-09-08 2001-03-06 University Of Puerto Rico Organic crystalline films for optical applications and related methods of fabrication
US20030087456A1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2003-05-08 Jones Howland D.T. Within-sample variance classification of samples
US20050090641A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2005-04-28 Regina Valluzzi Self-assembling polymers, and materials fabricated therefrom
US20050264815A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-12-01 Mark Wechsler Sample element with fringing-reduction capabilities
US20060203237A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Sample cell
US20070075281A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-05 Smiths Group Plc Optical sampling arrangements
US7221448B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2007-05-22 Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh Test cell for a noble gas polarizer
US20090290153A1 (en) * 2005-12-05 2009-11-26 Juhl Henrik V Apparatus and Method for Spectrophotometric Analysis
US20090312644A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd Vital tissue discrimination device and method
FR2941051A1 (en) * 2009-01-09 2010-07-16 Chopin Technologies Container for analyzing sample of e.g. flour, has elastic unit i.e. buffers, stressing plate to be projected towards interior of cup so as to ensure controlled contraction of product based on function of elastic unit and nature of product
US20130315784A1 (en) * 2006-03-07 2013-11-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Cells for biochemical analysis, kit for biochemical analysis, and biochemical analyzer
US20150233760A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 DeNovix Inc. Apparatus and method for making optical measurements of samples
WO2018204290A1 (en) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-08 Ping Lin Sample holder for use in infrared spectroscopy
CN109406448A (en) * 2018-10-25 2019-03-01 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 Infrared spectrometer
US11016043B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2021-05-25 Spectro Scientific, Inc. Integrated, portable sample analysis system and method

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Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5074662A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-12-24 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Sample holder for spectroscopic studies of optical film
WO1992014134A1 (en) * 1991-02-04 1992-08-20 National Research Council Of Canada A method of detecting the presence of anomalies in exfoliated cells using infrared spectroscopy
US5371020A (en) * 1991-09-19 1994-12-06 Radiometer A/S Method of photometric in vitro determination of the content of an analyte in a sample
US5422714A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-06-06 Corning Incorporated Device for comparing the refractive indices of an optical immersion liquid and a reference glass
US5386121A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-01-31 International Business Machines Corporation In situ, non-destructive CVD surface monitor
US5463223A (en) * 1994-01-24 1995-10-31 Patwong Technologies, Inc. Disposable all purpose micro sample holder
WO1997005472A1 (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-02-13 Patwong Technologies Disposable all purpose micro sample holder
US6198530B1 (en) * 1995-09-08 2001-03-06 University Of Puerto Rico Organic crystalline films for optical applications and related methods of fabrication
US6031232A (en) * 1995-11-13 2000-02-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method for the detection of malignant and premalignant stages of cervical cancer
US6620621B1 (en) 1995-11-13 2003-09-16 Digilab Method for the detection of cellular abnormalities using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
US7221448B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2007-05-22 Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh Test cell for a noble gas polarizer
US20050090641A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2005-04-28 Regina Valluzzi Self-assembling polymers, and materials fabricated therefrom
US20030087456A1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2003-05-08 Jones Howland D.T. Within-sample variance classification of samples
US20050264815A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-12-01 Mark Wechsler Sample element with fringing-reduction capabilities
US20060203237A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Sample cell
US7619235B2 (en) * 2005-10-05 2009-11-17 Smiths Group Plc Optical sampling arrangements
US20070075281A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-05 Smiths Group Plc Optical sampling arrangements
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US20090290153A1 (en) * 2005-12-05 2009-11-26 Juhl Henrik V Apparatus and Method for Spectrophotometric Analysis
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