US4943617A - Liquid crystalline copolymer - Google Patents
Liquid crystalline copolymer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4943617A US4943617A US07/091,667 US9166787A US4943617A US 4943617 A US4943617 A US 4943617A US 9166787 A US9166787 A US 9166787A US 4943617 A US4943617 A US 4943617A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystalline
- alkyl
- formula
- copolymer
- crystalline copolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 cyano, phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical group [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004801 4-cyanophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(C#N)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RJQONXQDWLFCIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-[4-(1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)phenoxy]undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C(O)=C2C(=O)C=3C(N)=CC=C(O)C=3C(=O)C2=C(N)C=1C1=CC=C(OCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C)C=C1 RJQONXQDWLFCIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OXLITIGRBOEDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C=1C(O)=C2C(=O)C=3C(N)=CC=C(O)C=3C(=O)C2=C(N)C=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OXLITIGRBOEDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRRINDUBPGYGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-bromoundecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C QRRINDUBPGYGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBMQNRKSAWNXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diaminoanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical class O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(N)=CC=C2N FBMQNRKSAWNXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFGANBYCJWQYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-bromoundecan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCBr XFGANBYCJWQYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOLVDYADKVCUCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound OC1=C2C(=O)C=3C(N)=CC=C(O)C=3C(=O)C2=C(N)C=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 MOLVDYADKVCUCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVWQCFNJWMLYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2,6-disulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(N)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C2N MVWQCFNJWMLYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100177155 Arabidopsis thaliana HAC1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100434170 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica ACR2.1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100434171 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica ACR2.2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002270 exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-acetylthieno[3,2-c]pyrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)N1N=CC2=C1C=C(C(=O)OC)S2 XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
- C09B69/101—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing an anthracene dye
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
- C08F220/36—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen, e.g. 2-N-morpholinoethyl (meth)acrylate or 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G77/382—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon
- C08G77/388—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
- C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
- C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
- C09K19/3842—Polyvinyl derivatives
- C09K19/3852—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives
- C09K19/3861—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives containing condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/40—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals
- C09K19/406—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals containing silicon
- C09K19/408—Polysiloxanes
Definitions
- the prior art discloses polymers which have liquid crystalline properties and in which the radicals leading to the meso phase are bonded to the polymer main chain via flexible spacers, as side chains.
- Suitable polymer main chains are polyacrylates or polymethacrylates (e.g. DE-A No. 27 22 589) or polysiloxanes (EP-A No. 29 162).
- these polymers Compared with low molecular weight liquid crystals, these polymers have the advantage that the structure remains unchanged during the transition from the liquid crystalline phase to the solid phase, permitting freezing of a liquid crystalline structure in the glassy state.
- Copolymers having mesogenic groups and dye radicals in the side chain are described in EP-A No. 90 282 and can be used in electrooptical displays or for information storage (EP-A No. 171 045). For these applications, it is important that the properties of the dyes are optimized for the particular use.
- the absorption maximum of the dye should be in the range of the He-Ne laser emission (633 nm).
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystalline copolymer which contains, as copolymerized units, a comonomer which carries a dye-containing radical of the general formula ##STR3## where X is a chemical bond, --O-- or --NR 1 , Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, R 1 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and A is a linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene group, and the carbon chain of the alkylene group can be interrupted by --O-- or
- novel copolymers can be used in particular together with low molecular weight liquid crystals or liquid crystal mixtures in electrooptical displays of the guest-host type and serve in this respect as solubilizers for the dye.
- the dye radical present in the novel copolymers has the advantage of very good lightfastness coupled with high dichroism.
- the molar extinction coefficient ⁇ is substantially higher than in the case of the 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones of EP-A No. 90 282.
- the novel copolymers can contain up to 45% by weight, based on the copolymer, of a dye.
- the dye content is from 0.5 to 40, preferably from 0.8 to 30%, by weight, based on the copolymer.
- Another important technical use of the copolymers according to the invention is for information storage. Since very high absorption storage in a very thin polymer layer (generally about 0.1-1 ⁇ m) is required here, a very high molar extinction coefficient is a technical advantage. Moreover, the absorption maximum of the novel dye system used is tailored to the He-Ne laser emission.
- Suitable liquid crystalline polymers are those which carry a mesogenic group R 3 bonded to the main chain via a spacer.
- the spacer serves here for decoupling the mesogenic group from the main chain and permits independent movement of the mesogenic group.
- a preferrred spacer A is a linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene group, which may be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR4##
- Suitable polymer main chains are polyacrylates or polymethacrylates (e.g. DE-A No. 27 22 589) or polysiloxanes (EP-A No. 29 162).
- Preferred liquid crystalline copolymers are those of the general formula ##STR5## where R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or chlorine, X is --O-- or ##STR6## Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, R 1 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, A is a linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene group which may be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR7## and R 3 is a mesogenic group, and the copolymer may carry identical or different mesogenic groups.
- A is --(CH 2 ) 2 --, --(CH 2 ) 3 --, --(CH 2 ) 4 --, --(CH 2 ) 5 --, --(CH 2 ) 6 --, --(CH 2 ) 7 --, --(CH 2 ) 8 --, --(CH 2 ) 9 --, --(CH 2 ) 10 --, --(CH 2 ) 11 --, --(CH 2 ) 2 --O--(CH 2 ) 2 --, ##STR8##
- Y is preferably a chemical bond.
- R 3 examples include: ##STR9## where Y 1 is --O--, ##STR10## or --S--, Z is a chemical bond or a radical of the formula ##STR11## U is a chemical bond or a radical of the formula ##STR12## R 5 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkoxy, C 4 -C 12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro, R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkoxy or C 1 -C 12 -alkoxycarbonyl and R 7 is methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chlorine.
- liquid crystalline copolymers of the general formula (II) are those where R 2 is hydrogen or methyl, X is --O--, Y is a chemical bond, A is a linear C 2 -C 20 -alkylene group, R 3 is ##STR13## R 5 is C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkoxy, C 4 -C 12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro and R 6 is C 1 -C 12 -alkyl.
- liquid crystalline polymers of the general formula (III) ##STR14## where A and R 3 have the meanings given above, X 1 is a chemical bond and R 4 is ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl or, preferably, methyl.
- Liquid crystalline copolymers which contain optically active groups are also important.
- the optically active groups may be present in the spacer A or in the radical R 3 , in the latter case preferably in the radicals R 5 or R 6 .
- optically active groups are ##STR15##
- Such copolymers can form cholesteric or chiral smectic phases.
- copolymers can be prepared by conventional methods usually employed in polymer chemistry.
- novel polyacrylates and polymethacrylates can be prepared, for example, by copolymerizing the monomers ##STR16## by a conventional method.
- novel polyacrylates and polymethacrylates can also be prepared by introducing the radicals X--A--R 3 and X--A--dye into polymeric compounds of the formula ##STR17## where T is an exchangeable radical, for example chlorine or lower molecular weight alkoxy, by esterification, transesterification or amidation by a conventional method (C. M. Paleos et al. in J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 19 (1981), 1427).
- novel dye-containing polysiloxanes can be prepared by processes similar to those described in EP-A No. 29 162 or EP-A No. 60 335 or by introducing mesogenic groups R 3 and the dye radical ##STR19## into polymeric compounds of the formula ##STR20## where X, A and R 4 have the abovementioned meanings and T is an exchangeable or reactive radical, for example Cl, Br, COOH, COCl or CO 2 -alkyl, by etherification, esterification or transesterification by conventional methods.
- a solution of 50.2 g of 11-bromoundecanol, 72 g of acrylic acid, 3 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 0.1 g of hydroquinone in 120 ml of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is heated at the boil for 4 hours under a water separator. After the solution has cooled, it is extracted by shaking with warm water, then with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and then again with water and is dried over sodium sulfate. Thereafter, the solvent is stripped off under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporater and the remaining oil is distilled under greatly reduced pressure. 45.1 g (75% of theory) of a colorless oil of boiling point 113° C./0.2 mbar are obtained.
- the moist residue is dissolved in a mixture of 360 ml of concentrated ammonia and 800 ml of water, after which 66 g of sodium dithionite are added a little at a time and the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at 80°-90° C. After the mixture has cooled, 11.2 g of sodium hydroxide are added and air is passed through the mixture overnight. Thereafter, the mixture is acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate is filtered off under suction, washed with water and dried to give 61 g (60% of theory) of a crude product, which is purified by recrystallization from 600 ml of nitrobenzene. Mp. 321° C.
- the dyes of Examples 2 to 7 are prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 1, by alkylation of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthraquinone with the appropriate halides.
- Table 1 shows the order S measured in commercial displays (polyimide orientation) at room temperature at ZLI 1840 (E. Merck), the absorption maximum ⁇ max and the solubility L measured at room temperature at ZLI 1840 for the dye-containing monomers of Examples 1 to 3.
- Polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and polychloroacrylates are prepared by the following general method.
- azobisisobutyronitrile is added to a monomer solution consisting of 10% by weight of a mixture of dye monomer and mesogenic monomer in absolute tetrahydrofuran or absolute dioxane. Nitrogen is passed through for 10 minutes, after which the monomer solution is thermostated at 60° C. (tetrahydrofuran) or 70° C. (dioxane). When polymerization is complete, the polymers are separated from the monomers by exclusion chromatography over the system Sephadex LH 20/tetrahydrofuran. After the tetrahydrofuran has been removed, the polymer is dried under greatly reduced pressure.
- the quantitative composition of the copolymers is determined by UV spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
- the phase transition temperatures are determined by differential calorimetry.
- the liquid crystalline phases are assigned on the basis of the textures observed under a polymerization microscope equipped with a heating stage. ##STR26##
- copolymers of 4-(6-propenoyloxy)-alkoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl and 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyalkoxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone were prepared in dioxane by the general method, the amount of dye monomers being varied.
- the polymers purified according to the stated method form smectic and nematic textures when heated on the heating stage of the polarization microscope.
- Table 2 summarized the dye contents of the copolymers, together with the results of the investigations by differential calorimetry and under the polarization microscope (g: glassy, s: smectic, n: nematic, i: isotropic).
- copolymers of 4'-cyanophenyl 4-(6-propenoyloxy)-hexyloxybenzoate and 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyundecyloxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone were prepared in dioxane using 3 mol % of AIBN, by the general method, the amount of dye monomer being varied.
- the polymers form nematic textures.
- Table 3 summarizes the dye contents of the copolymers, together with the results of the investigations by differential calorimetry and under the polymerization microscope (g: glassy, n: nematic, i: isotropic).
- copolymers of 4'-methoxyphenyl 4-(6-propenoyl-oxy)-hexyloxybenzoate and 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyundecyloxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone were prepared in dioxane using 3 mol % of AIBN, by the general method, the amount of dye monomer being varied.
- the polymers form smectic and nematic phases.
- Table 4 summarizes the dye contents of the copolymers, together with the results of the investigations by differential calorimetry and under the polymerization microscope (g: glassy, s A : smectic A, n: nematic, i: isotropic).
- the copolymer has the following phase behavier: g 35 s 110 n 118 i (temperatures in °C.: g: glassy, s: smectic, n: nematic, i: isotropic). ##STR38##
Abstract
A liquid crystalline copolymer contains a comonomer to which a radical ##STR1## is bonded, where X is a chemical bond, O or NR1, Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, R1 is hydrogen or C1 -C4 -alkyl and A is a linear or branched C2 -C20 -alkylene group which may be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR2## The liquid crystalline copolymers have very good lightfastness, high dichroism and a high absorption.
Description
The prior art discloses polymers which have liquid crystalline properties and in which the radicals leading to the meso phase are bonded to the polymer main chain via flexible spacers, as side chains.
An overview is given in, for example, Liquid Crystal Polymers I-III in Adv. Polym. Sci. 59-61, M. Gordon and N. A. Plate, Springer-Verlag, 1984, Berlin.
Suitable polymer main chains are polyacrylates or polymethacrylates (e.g. DE-A No. 27 22 589) or polysiloxanes (EP-A No. 29 162).
Compared with low molecular weight liquid crystals, these polymers have the advantage that the structure remains unchanged during the transition from the liquid crystalline phase to the solid phase, permitting freezing of a liquid crystalline structure in the glassy state.
Copolymers having mesogenic groups and dye radicals in the side chain are described in EP-A No. 90 282 and can be used in electrooptical displays or for information storage (EP-A No. 171 045). For these applications, it is important that the properties of the dyes are optimized for the particular use.
It is an object of the present invention to provide liquid crystalline copolymers which carry a dye radical having high dichroism, very good lightfastness and a high molar extinction. The absorption maximum of the dye should be in the range of the He-Ne laser emission (633 nm).
We have found that this object is achieved by the liquid crystalline copolymers according to the invention. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a liquid crystalline copolymer which contains, as copolymerized units, a comonomer which carries a dye-containing radical of the general formula ##STR3## where X is a chemical bond, --O-- or --NR1, Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, R1 is hydrogen or C1 -C4 -alkyl and A is a linear or branched C2 -C20 -alkylene group, and the carbon chain of the alkylene group can be interrupted by --O-- or
The novel copolymers can be used in particular together with low molecular weight liquid crystals or liquid crystal mixtures in electrooptical displays of the guest-host type and serve in this respect as solubilizers for the dye. Compared with the blue dyes described in EP-A No. 90 282, the dye radical present in the novel copolymers has the advantage of very good lightfastness coupled with high dichroism. Furthermore, the molar extinction coefficient ε is substantially higher than in the case of the 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones of EP-A No. 90 282.
The novel copolymers can contain up to 45% by weight, based on the copolymer, of a dye. As a rule, the dye content is from 0.5 to 40, preferably from 0.8 to 30%, by weight, based on the copolymer. Another important technical use of the copolymers according to the invention is for information storage. Since very high absorption storage in a very thin polymer layer (generally about 0.1-1 μm) is required here, a very high molar extinction coefficient is a technical advantage. Moreover, the absorption maximum of the novel dye system used is tailored to the He-Ne laser emission.
Suitable liquid crystalline polymers are those which carry a mesogenic group R3 bonded to the main chain via a spacer. The spacer serves here for decoupling the mesogenic group from the main chain and permits independent movement of the mesogenic group. A preferrred spacer A is a linear or branched C2 -C20 -alkylene group, which may be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR4##
Mesogenic groups R3 are mentioned, inter alia, in Kelker and Hatz, Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Verlag Chemie 1980, pages 87-113.
Suitable polymer main chains are polyacrylates or polymethacrylates (e.g. DE-A No. 27 22 589) or polysiloxanes (EP-A No. 29 162).
Preferred liquid crystalline copolymers are those of the general formula ##STR5## where R2 is hydrogen, methyl or chlorine, X is --O-- or ##STR6## Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, R1 is hydrogen or C1 -C4 -alkyl, A is a linear or branched C2 -C20 -alkylene group which may be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR7## and R3 is a mesogenic group, and the copolymer may carry identical or different mesogenic groups.
Specific examples of A are --(CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --, --(CH2)4 --, --(CH2)5 --, --(CH2)6 --, --(CH2)7 --, --(CH2) 8 --, --(CH2)9 --, --(CH2)10 --, --(CH2)11 --, --(CH2)2 --O--(CH2) 2 --, ##STR8##
Y is preferably a chemical bond.
Examples of mesogenic groups R3 are: ##STR9## where Y1 is --O--, ##STR10## or --S--, Z is a chemical bond or a radical of the formula ##STR11## U is a chemical bond or a radical of the formula ##STR12## R5 is hydrogen, C1 -C12 -alkyl, C5 -C7 -cycloalkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy, C4 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C1 -C12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro, R6 is hydrogen, C1 -C12 -alkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy or C1 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl and R7 is methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chlorine.
Particularly preferred liquid crystalline copolymers of the general formula (II) are those where R2 is hydrogen or methyl, X is --O--, Y is a chemical bond, A is a linear C2 -C20 -alkylene group, R3 is ##STR13## R5 is C1 -C12 -alkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy, C4 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C1 -C12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro and R6 is C1 -C12 -alkyl.
Further examples are liquid crystalline polymers of the general formula (III) ##STR14## where A and R3 have the meanings given above, X1 is a chemical bond and R4 is ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl or, preferably, methyl.
Liquid crystalline copolymers which contain optically active groups are also important. The optically active groups may be present in the spacer A or in the radical R3, in the latter case preferably in the radicals R5 or R6.
Specific examples of optically active groups are ##STR15##
Such copolymers can form cholesteric or chiral smectic phases.
The copolymers can be prepared by conventional methods usually employed in polymer chemistry.
The novel polyacrylates and polymethacrylates can be prepared, for example, by copolymerizing the monomers ##STR16## by a conventional method.
The synthesis of the mesogenic monomers is described, for example, in German Laid-Open Application DOS No. 2,722,589 or by V. P. Shibaev et al. in Eur. Polym. J. 18 (1982), 651-659.
The novel polyacrylates and polymethacrylates can also be prepared by introducing the radicals X--A--R3 and X--A--dye into polymeric compounds of the formula ##STR17## where T is an exchangeable radical, for example chlorine or lower molecular weight alkoxy, by esterification, transesterification or amidation by a conventional method (C. M. Paleos et al. in J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 19 (1981), 1427).
The alkylation of the polymeric compounds of the formula ##STR18## with halides of the formula Hal--A--R3 and Hal--A--dye (where Hal is Cl, Br or I) is also possible and is carried out by a conventional method (P. Keller in Macromolecules 17 (1984), 2937-2939).
The novel dye-containing polysiloxanes can be prepared by processes similar to those described in EP-A No. 29 162 or EP-A No. 60 335 or by introducing mesogenic groups R3 and the dye radical ##STR19## into polymeric compounds of the formula ##STR20## where X, A and R4 have the abovementioned meanings and T is an exchangeable or reactive radical, for example Cl, Br, COOH, COCl or CO2 -alkyl, by etherification, esterification or transesterification by conventional methods.
Details of the preparation are given in the Examples.
A. Synthesis of the dye monomers ##STR21## (a) Preparation of 11-bromoundecyl acrylate
A solution of 50.2 g of 11-bromoundecanol, 72 g of acrylic acid, 3 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 0.1 g of hydroquinone in 120 ml of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is heated at the boil for 4 hours under a water separator. After the solution has cooled, it is extracted by shaking with warm water, then with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and then again with water and is dried over sodium sulfate. Thereafter, the solvent is stripped off under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporater and the remaining oil is distilled under greatly reduced pressure. 45.1 g (75% of theory) of a colorless oil of boiling point 113° C./0.2 mbar are obtained.
(b) Preparation of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-anthraquinone
120 g of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid are added to a solution of 60 g of boric acid in 1200 ml of sulfuric acid at 70° C., and the mixture is then stirred for 1 hour at 70° C. The deep blue solution is cooled to 5° C., after which 52.6 parts of phenol are introduced a little at a time so that the temperature does not exceed 5° C. When the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for a further 2 hours at 5° C. and then added to 4 kg of ice water. The resulting suspension is heated at the boil for a further 4 hours and, after the mixture has cooled, the precipitate is filtered off under suction and washed with water.
The moist residue is dissolved in a mixture of 360 ml of concentrated ammonia and 800 ml of water, after which 66 g of sodium dithionite are added a little at a time and the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at 80°-90° C. After the mixture has cooled, 11.2 g of sodium hydroxide are added and air is passed through the mixture overnight. Thereafter, the mixture is acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate is filtered off under suction, washed with water and dried to give 61 g (60% of theory) of a crude product, which is purified by recrystallization from 600 ml of nitrobenzene. Mp. 321° C.
(c) Preparation of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyundecyloxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone.
A mixture of 7.2 g of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-anthraquinone, 6.7 g of 11-bromoundecyl acrylate, 2.8 g of potassium carbonate, 0.5 g of potassium iodide and 80 ml of dimethylformamide is stirred for 7 hours at 80° C., poured onto ice water and acidified slightly with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate is filtered off under suction, washed with water and dried to give 11.8 g of crude product, which is purified by chromatography over silica gel (Merck, Kieselgelb 60, 0.063-0.200 mm) using 10:1 tolune/tetrahydrofuran as an eluent, followed by recrystallization from toluene. Mp. 135° C., λmax (CH2 Cl2): 623 nm (27,470) C34 H38 N2 O7 (586) calculated: 69.6% C, 6.5% H, 4.8% N, 19.1% O, Found: 69.5% C, 6.6% H, 4.7% N, 18.9% O.
The dyes of Examples 2 to 7 are prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 1, by alkylation of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthraquinone with the appropriate halides.
______________________________________ ##STR22## Example Mp. ______________________________________ ##STR23## 136° C. (from toluene) 3 ##STR24## 164° C. (from toluene) 4 ##STR25## 136° C. (from toluene) 5 (CH.sub.2).sub.9CHCH.sub.2 6 (CH.sub.2).sub.11OH 175° C. (from methyl- glycol) 7 (CH.sub.2).sub.6Br ______________________________________
Table 1 shows the order S measured in commercial displays (polyimide orientation) at room temperature at ZLI 1840 (E. Merck), the absorption maximum λmax and the solubility L measured at room temperature at ZLI 1840 for the dye-containing monomers of Examples 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Example Order S λ.sub.max Solubility L ______________________________________ 1 0.71 642 nm 1.3% 2 0.70 641 nm 3.2% 3 0.68 641 nm 1.1% ______________________________________
B. Synthesis of the copolymers
Polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and polychloroacrylates are prepared by the following general method.
In a swinging vessel, azobisisobutyronitrile is added to a monomer solution consisting of 10% by weight of a mixture of dye monomer and mesogenic monomer in absolute tetrahydrofuran or absolute dioxane. Nitrogen is passed through for 10 minutes, after which the monomer solution is thermostated at 60° C. (tetrahydrofuran) or 70° C. (dioxane). When polymerization is complete, the polymers are separated from the monomers by exclusion chromatography over the system Sephadex LH 20/tetrahydrofuran. After the tetrahydrofuran has been removed, the polymer is dried under greatly reduced pressure. The quantitative composition of the copolymers is determined by UV spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The phase transition temperatures are determined by differential calorimetry. The liquid crystalline phases are assigned on the basis of the textures observed under a polymerization microscope equipped with a heating stage. ##STR26##
The copolymers of 4-(6-propenoyloxy)-alkoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl and 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyalkoxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone were prepared in dioxane by the general method, the amount of dye monomers being varied. The polymers purified according to the stated method form smectic and nematic textures when heated on the heating stage of the polarization microscope.
Table 2 summarized the dye contents of the copolymers, together with the results of the investigations by differential calorimetry and under the polarization microscope (g: glassy, s: smectic, n: nematic, i: isotropic).
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ Mesog. Dye Dye Phase Initiator monom. monom. content transitions Example k l (mol %) (g) (g) (% by wt.) (°C.) __________________________________________________________________________ 8a 2 6 1 1.96 0.04 2 g 53 n 108 i 8b 5 6 1 1.80 0.20 10 g 48 s 103 n 111 i 8c 6 6 5 1.96 0.04 2 g 41 s 111 n 123 i 8d 6 6 1 2.94 0.06 2 g 40 s 117 n 127 i 8e 6 6 1 2.70 0.30 10 g 42 s 116 n 123 i 8f 6 6 1 2.55 0.45 14.8 g 43 s 146 n 119 i 8g 6 11 3 1.96 0.04 2 g 40 s 117 n 128 i 8h 6 11 3 2.70 0.30 10 g 42 s 115 n 125 i 8i 6 11 3 1.70 0.30 14.5 g 43 s 114 n 123 i 8k 6 11 3 3.20 0.80 19 g 45 s 112 n 119 i Example 9 ##STR27## __________________________________________________________________________
The copolymers of 4'-cyanophenyl 4-(6-propenoyloxy)-hexyloxybenzoate and 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyundecyloxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone were prepared in dioxane using 3 mol % of AIBN, by the general method, the amount of dye monomer being varied. The polymers form nematic textures.
Table 3 summarizes the dye contents of the copolymers, together with the results of the investigations by differential calorimetry and under the polymerization microscope (g: glassy, n: nematic, i: isotropic).
TABLE 3 __________________________________________________________________________ Mesogenic Dye Dye Phase monomer monomer content transitions Example (g) (g) (% by wt.) (°C.) __________________________________________________________________________ 9a 1.96 0.04 2 g 33 n 128 i 9b 1.80 0.20 10 g 33 n 118 i 9c 3.20 0.80 19.5 g 35 n 109 i 9d 3.00 1.00 24 g 36 n 106 i EXAMPLE 10 ##STR28## __________________________________________________________________________
The copolymers of 4'-methoxyphenyl 4-(6-propenoyl-oxy)-hexyloxybenzoate and 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyundecyloxy)-phenyl)-anthraquinone were prepared in dioxane using 3 mol % of AIBN, by the general method, the amount of dye monomer being varied. The polymers form smectic and nematic phases.
Table 4 summarizes the dye contents of the copolymers, together with the results of the investigations by differential calorimetry and under the polymerization microscope (g: glassy, sA : smectic A, n: nematic, i: isotropic).
TABLE 4 __________________________________________________________________________ Mesogenic Dye Dye Phase monomer monomer content transitions Example (g) (g) (% by wt.) (°C.) __________________________________________________________________________ 10a 3.92 0.08 2 g 30 s.sub.A 94 n 117 i 10b 3.60 0.40 9.8 g 32 s.sub.A 91 n 111 i 10c 3.20 0.80 19.3 g 33 s.sub.A 87 n 105 i __________________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLE 11 ##STR29## EXAMPLE 12 ##STR30## EXAMPLE 13 ##STR31## EXAMPLE 14 ##STR32## EXAMPLE 15 ##STR33## EXAMPLE 16 ##STR34## EXAMPLE 17 ##STR35## EXAMPLE 18 ##STR36## __________________________________________________________________________
The polymerization conditions and the results of the investigations for Examples 11-18 are summarized in Table 5:
TABLE 5 __________________________________________________________________________ Mesog. Dye Dye Phase Initiator monom. monom. content transitions Example Solvent (mol %) (g) (g) (% by wt.) (°C.) __________________________________________________________________________ 11a dioxane 3 1.98 0.02 1 g 3 n 31 i 11b " 3 1.95 0.05 2.5 g 1 n 28 i 12 " 1 3.92 0.08 2 g 12 s 91 i 13 " 1 3.92 0.08 2 g 28 n 153 i 14 " 1 1.96 0.04 2 g 33 s 90 i 15 " 1 2.94 0.06 2 g 88 n 106 i 16 " 1 2.94 0.06 2 g 43 n 109 i 17 " 3 1.96 0.04 2 g 33 s 98 i 18 " 2 4.50 0.50 10 __________________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLE 19 ##STR37## __________________________________________________________________________
The copolymer of 1.8 g (45 parts by weight) of 4'-cyanophenyl 4-(6-propenoyloxy)-hexyloxybenzoate, 1.8 g (45 parts by weight) of 4-(6-propenoyloxy)-hexyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl and 0.40 g (10 parts by weight) of 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-(11-propenoyloxyundecyloxy) -phenyl)-anthraquinone was prepared in dioxane using 3mol % of AIBN, by the general method. The copolymer has the following phase behavier: g 35 s 110 n 118 i (temperatures in °C.: g: glassy, s: smectic, n: nematic, i: isotropic). ##STR38##
The polymerization conditions and the results of the investigations for Examples 20-24 are summarized in Table 6:
TABLE 6 __________________________________________________________________________ Mesog. Dye Dye Phase Initiator monom. monom. content transitions Example Solvent (mol %) (g) (g) (% by wt.) (°C.) __________________________________________________________________________ 20a toluene 1 9 1 10.3 g 56 n 111 i 20b toluene 2 8 2 19.1 g 60 n 109 i 21a toluene 2 9 1 9.7 g 58 n 87 i 21b toluene 2 2.4 0.6 19.7 g 66 n 87 i 22 toluene 1 9 1 9.4 g 80 s 169 i 180 i 23 toluene 3 8 2 18 g 59 s 300 i 24 THF 2 4.86 0.97 18.9 __________________________________________________________________________
Claims (11)
1. A liquid crystalline copolymer which contains, as copolymerized units, a comonomer of the formula: ##STR39## where X is a chemical bond, --O-- or ##STR40## wherein R1 is hydrogen or C1 -C4 -alkyl, Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, A is a linear or branched C2 -C20 -alkylene group where the carbon chain of the alkylene group can be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR41## R2 is hydrogen, methyl or chlorine and R3 is a mesogenic group of the formula: ##STR42## in which Y1 is --O--, ##STR43## or --S--, Z is a chemical bond or a radical of the formula ##STR44## --CH═CH--, --N═N, ##STR45## --N═CH-- or --CH═N--, U is a chemical bond or radical of the formula: ##STR46## R5 is hydrogen, C1 -C12 -alkyl, C5 -C7 -cycloalkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy, C4 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C1 -C12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro, R6 is hydrogen, C1 -C12 -alkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy or C1 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl and R7 is methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chlorine.
2. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is a group of the formula --(CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --, --(CH2)4 --, --(CH2)5 --, --(CH2) 6 --, --(CH2)7 --, --(CH2)8 --, --(CH2)9 --, --(CH2)10 --, --(CH2)11 --, --(CH2) 2 --O--, --(CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --O--(CH2)2 --, ##STR47##
3. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the formula, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, X is --O--, Y is a chemical bond, A is a linear C2 -C20 -alkylene group and R3 is ##STR48## where R5 is C1 -C12 -alkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy, C4 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C1 -C12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro and R6 is C1 -C12 -alkyl.
4. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 1, which contains from 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the copolymer, of a dye containing radical.
5. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 2, which contains from 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the copolymer, of a dye containing radical.
6. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 3, which contains from 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the copolymer, of a dye containing radical.
7. A liquid crystalline copolymer which is of the formula ##STR49## where R2 is hydrogen or methyl, X is --O-- Y is a chemical bond, A is a linear C2 -C20 -alkylene group, R3 is ##STR50## R5 is C1 -C12 -alkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy, C4 -C12 -alkoxycarbonyl, C1 -C12 -alkanoyloxy, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl or nitro and R6 is C1 -C12 -alkyl, the copolymer containing from 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the polymer, of a dye containing radical.
8. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 7, which carries various mesogenic groups R3.
9. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 7, wherein A is a group of the formula --(CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --, --(CH2)4 --, --(CH2)5 --, --(CH2) 6 --, --(CH2)7 --, --(CH2)8 --, --(CH2)9 --, --(CH2)10 --, --(CH2)11 --, --(CH2) 2 --O-- (CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --O--(CH2)2 --, ##STR51##
10. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 8, wherein A is a group of the formula --(CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --, --(CH2)4 --, --(CH2)5 --, --(CH2) 6 --, --(CH2)7 --, --(CH2)8 --, --(CH2)9 --, --(CH2)10 --, --(CH2)11 --, --(CH2) 2 --O--(CH2)2 --, --(CH2)3 --O--(CH2)2 --, ##STR52##
11. A liquid crystalline copolymer as claimed in claim 7, wherein R3 is ##STR53## where R' is C1 -C12 -alkyl, C1 -C12 -alkoxy, cyano, phenyl or 4-cyanophenyl and R" is C1 -C12 -alkyl, and the polymer can carry identical or different mesogenic groups R3.
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DE19863631841 DE3631841A1 (en) | 1986-09-19 | 1986-09-19 | LIQUID CRYSTALINE COPOLYMER |
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US07/091,667 Expired - Fee Related US4943617A (en) | 1986-09-19 | 1987-09-01 | Liquid crystalline copolymer |
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US5098978A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1992-03-24 | Consortium Fur Elektrochemisch Ind. Gmbh | Liquid-crystalline polymers containing chromophoric side groups |
US5162545A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1992-11-10 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Malonic acid dyes and polycondensation products thereof |
US5187298A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-02-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Monomers and their use for the production of a laser-optical recording element which can be repeatedly erased and recorded on |
US5187248A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1993-02-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Monomers and their use for the production of a laser-optical recording element which can be repeatedly erased and recorded on |
US5367039A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1994-11-22 | Nippon Paint Company, Ltd. | Production of colored vinyl polymer particles by polymerizing a vinyl polymerizable monomer with a polymerizable dye |
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US20070032598A1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2007-02-08 | Cyr Michael J | Thermally stable, anthraquinone colorants containing copolymerizable vinyl groups |
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US20110149128A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | Shahrokh Motallebi | Anthraquinone dye-containing material, composition including the same, camera including the same, and associated methods |
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US5437817A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1995-08-01 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Company, Limited | Liquid crystalline organopolysiloxanes and liquid crystal compositions |
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DE59706772D1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 2002-05-02 | Bayer Ag | FAST PHOTO ADDRESSABLE SUBSTRATES AND PHOTO ADDRESSABLE SIDE GROUP POLYMERS WITH HIGH INDUCIBLE DOUBLE BREAKAGE |
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- 1987-09-17 EP EP87113593A patent/EP0260687B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US5367039A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1994-11-22 | Nippon Paint Company, Ltd. | Production of colored vinyl polymer particles by polymerizing a vinyl polymerizable monomer with a polymerizable dye |
US5187248A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1993-02-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Monomers and their use for the production of a laser-optical recording element which can be repeatedly erased and recorded on |
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US5187298A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-02-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Monomers and their use for the production of a laser-optical recording element which can be repeatedly erased and recorded on |
US5447655A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1995-09-05 | Cannon Kabushiki Kaisha | Polymeric liquid crystal copolymer compound, composition, thererof, and polymeric liquid crystal device making use of these |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0260687A2 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
DE3631841A1 (en) | 1988-03-24 |
DE3775313D1 (en) | 1992-01-30 |
EP0260687B1 (en) | 1991-12-18 |
EP0260687A3 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
JPS6377910A (en) | 1988-04-08 |
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