US467145A - Air-heating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.y

J. BARTLETT.

Am HEATING APPARATUS.

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(NovModel.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. BARTLETT. AIR HEATINGAPPARATUS.

Patented Jan. 19,1892.

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UNITED STATES JAMES BARTLETT,

PATENT OFFICE..l

OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

AIR-HEATING APPARATUS.

lSPIECIFICAIIION forming part of Letters Patent No. 467,145, dated January 19, 1892.

Application iiled June 17, 1891.

T0 all whom t may concern.:

Be it known that I, JAMES BARTLETT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Air-Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus used for warming air; and the invention consists in a novel construction and arrangement of devices for that purpose, as hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a central vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus on the line of Fig.

` 3. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section on the line 1/ y of Fig. l, and Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the furnace proper.

The object of this invention is to produce an apparatus for warming a large volume-of air with a small amount of fuel, and to so construct it as to-consume the smoke and gases of combustion. It is designed more especially for warming buildings, particularly large buildings occupied by many persons, and Where a large volume of fresh air is requisite, such' as schoolbuildings, theaters, churches, and the like. It is also applicable for use in connection with dry-houses used for drying material of any kind.

To construct an apparatus on my plan I provide a series of metal tubes, preferably seven feet long and four inches in diameter, or thereabout, as I find that these proportions give the best results, though it is obvious they may be varied, more or less, without departing from the principle of myin vention. These tubes a, I mount or secure in plates b and b at their ends, as shown in Fig. l, preferably using from forty to one hundred and forty tubes in a nest, according to size of heater required, they being arranged parallel in horizontal and vertical rows, as shown in Fig. 2. rlhe tubes are inserted through holes in a baffle-plate e before being secured to one of the end plates, as shown in Fig. 1,the tubes being open at both ends to permit a free passage of the air through them. I then construct a furnace, preferably of brick-work, of the form shown, the sides and top being arched, as shown in Fig. 2, the rear part of the arch being inclined downward, as repre- Serial No. 396,577. (No model.)

sented in Figs. l and 2, thus forming an overhead chamber of fire-brick, which when once heated aids to render the combustion therein more perfect, the heated gases and products passing out at the depressed and relatively narrow throat at the rear. 'lhc furnace is provided with suitable grate-bars I, with an ash-pit below, the bottom of which is composed of a metal plate set in the walls of the brickwork and inclined toward the front for convenience in removingl the ashes. is composed of a metal plate provided with a door for the fuel-chamber and another for the ash-pit, in the usual manner. By an examination of Fig. 2 it will be observed that the fuel-box is only abouthalf as wide as the combustion-chamber above.

In order to consume the smoke, I locate at the lowerV side of the throat through which the products of combustion escape or pass from the combustion-chamber a curved perforated plate J, preferably made in the form of a box, open along its Linder side, as shown in Fig. l, there being an open space underneath this plate and which communicates with the ash-pit, so that air "can pass freely from the ash-pit into this space, and from thence through the perforations in jets and mingle with the products of combustion as they pass this air uniting with the heated products of combustion and consuming whatever of smoke there may be, this combustion being rendered more perfect bythe ai-r being heated as it passes through the ash-pit in contact With the depending Webs of the grate-bars and the highly-heated plate J. In order to regulate the amount of air thus supplied, I locate a valve Z at the lower edge of plate J and conend of which projects at the front, so that the valve can be opened more or less or be closed entirely, as circumstances may require. The furnace being thus constructed, IV mount the nest of air-tubes before described directly over the furnace, as shown in Fig. l, they being set at an angle of forty-five degrees or thereabout, so asto cause the air which enters at the front or lower ends to pass along toward and out at their upper rear ends as it becomes heated and thus create a continuous current of air through the tubes The front t nect it by an elbow-lever h with a rod t', the

from the combustion-chamber, the oxygen of IOS a. This nest of air-heating tubes is supported by and incased in briclvwork, which may be a continuation of the vertical walls of the furnace, as shown in Fig. 2, the top being either arched or supported by iron bars, as shown in Fig. l. i

lo enable the tubes to be cleaned ol soot, dzc., I locate a man-hole with a removable cover C centrally over the tubes, as represented in Figs. l and c,and at the rear under side I also provide one or more openings with detachable covers for the removal of the soot and ashes, as shown at n, Fig. l.

I arrange a smoke-pipe F transversely in the lower rear part of the chamber in which the air-tubes are set, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3,this pipe having a hole d cut in it near each end, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. S, for the smoke or gases to enter from the chamber, t-his pipe being connected with any suitable flue. By this arrangement the gases are taken equally from near each side of the chamber, and are thus kept more evenly distributed over and in contact with all the tubes than would be the case were they taken at a single opening. If preferred, instead of these two holes this pipe F mayhave a narrow slit extending its entire length within the chainber and thus secure even greater uniformity of draft and distribution of the gases across the entire chamber. Its opposite end is made to project through the wall, as shown in Fig. 3, and is provided with a detachable stopper or cover, so that by removing the same the pipe can at any time be cleared of ashes. The rear under portion of the casing or chamber in which the tubes are set I prefer to make of a metal plate E, set in the brick-work, as shown in Fig. l. By this construction and arrangement of the parts it will be seen that the heat passes from the throat of the furnace onto and around and among the tubes a at their lower ends, where the air as it enters them is cold, and which cold air thus prevents the tubes from being burned out or injured by the heat. The heat passes upward among and around the tubes in front of the baffleplate e, over the top of the latter, and then down among and around the tubes in rear of said plate to the smoke-pipe at the bottom of the chamber, and thence out through the smoke-pipe F, by which the heat is effectually utilized, it being absorbed by the air passing through the tubes with which it is thus held in intimate contact during its passage through the chamber. By using tubes of the diameter mentioned the friction of the air in passing through them is not sufiicient to materially retard its flow, while their length is suflicient to absorb the heat and effectually transfer it to the air, the amount of heatingsurface being relatively much greater than in ordinary heating-furnaces, and thus farbetter results are secured from the consumption of a given amount of fuel by this apparatus.

In setting the cluster of lues their front plate b will be secured permanently to the brick-work, while their rear plate b may rest on an iron beam G, as shown in Fig. l, there being a small groove e formed in the brick- \vork for the edges of the plate to rest in and allow for its movement caused by the expansion and contraction of the tubes, this joint being packed with asbestus or other suitable material to render it smoke-tight; or, if preferred, the rear end maybe made fast and the front end be arranged to move slightly, that being a matter of choice or convenience for the builder.

By arranging the opening for the admission of air to the tubes at the end or side opposite to the furnace-doors, as shown in Fig. 1, it will be seen thatI avoid the influx of ashes or dust, of which more or less escapes when the ash-pit or furnace-door is opened, and, if desired, au air-duct may be extended from the mouth of the tubes to the outer air, thus securing a sure supply of pure fresh air at all times. The rear end of the chamber into which the warm air is delivered from the tubes will of course be connected with the fines for conducting it to the various rooms of the building, and these may be of brick or metal, as may be most convenient.

In cases where a very large volume of air is required a fan may be located at the mouth of the tubes, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. l, and when it is desired to use the apparatus in connection with dry-houses for the drying of material a fan will necessarily be used, and it may be located so as to either force or draw the air through the tubes, as may be most convenient.

IVhile I have given the size and proportions which I deem necessary to secure the best results, I do not limit myself to them, as

j, it is obvious that they may be varied somewhat and still give good results. So, too, while I prefer to set the tubes at an angle of forty-five degrees, it is obvious they may be varied somewhat and still operate nearly as well. If placed horizontally, however, the air will not pass through them to the desired extent, if at all, unless a fan or some equivalent means be used to impart motion toit, and if the tubes be varied somewhat in diameter and length the operation will still be the same in principle and dilfering only in degree. It is also obvious that instead of a hinged valve for regulating thesupply of air to the smoke-burner a slide-valve or register may be used and be operated either from the front or from the side of the furnace, as may be preferred, these being merely matters of detail to be determined by the manufacturer, builder, or engineer in charge.

I am aware that tubular heaters for bot-h air and water have before been described and that smoke-consuming devices of various kinds have been applied to furnaces; also that fans have been used to force air both before and after it has been heated, and that smokepipes have had their ends arranged to project through the walls of a furnace to enable them IOC IIO

to be cleaned from the exterior, and therefore I do not claim eithor ot' these devices separately considered; but I am not aware that any one has before devised an apparatus like mine, and therefore What I claim as my invention isl. The herein-described heating apparatus, consisting of a series of open-ended air-tubes set at an inclination within a heat-chamber, and a furnace having its upper wall inclined downward toward the throat through which the products of combustion enter the heatchamber, said throat being arranged directly7 under the air-tubes at or near the end where the cold air enters said tubes, the whole being constructed and arranged to operate substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, in an airheating apparatus, of a furnace having its upper wall or roof inclined downward toward the throat or exit-opening for the smoke and gases, and a smoke-consuming device consisting of a perforated plate with an air-inlet underneath the same arranged directly under said throat or exit, and a series of open-ended air-tubes arranged at an inclination within a heat-chamber directly over said furnace, substantially as shown and described.

In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

lJAMES BARTLETT.

Witnesses:

H. H. NEWMAN, O'Zerk U. S. Consulate-Gencrdl, London, Eng- Zcmfl.

GEORGE C. IIITT, U. S. Vice- @amid-General, London, England.

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