US453752A - William r - Google Patents

Description

No Model.) I iii'sliets-sh n L I ALLENL PROOESS OF AND PPARiT s FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS.

No. 453,752. PatentedJune Q, 1891.

WITNESSES: dug/ 0R- (No Model.) s SheetsSheet 2. J. F. ALLEN. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FORTH MANUFACTURE OF GAS. No. 453,752.

Patented June 9, 1891.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets--Sheet 3.

, J. F. ALLEN.

PRUGESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS.

No. 453,752. Patented June 9,1891.

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Al i Z 5. ERG/ill, Oi HAIilii ii nrrznr iii ricici nAFE.

'ii'iE MANUFACTURE 9F (3A3.

iZo all whom, i5 V I known t? in i, Joint ALLEN, a oil-i- Uiliifiil States, Timiillng in lire city,

county, a mi rZ-iaic New York, have invent m nowimprovcmcnts i iirc Iiinnni'acinrc of ii nninotin -Gas, of which. the following is n opcciiiccizio reference being hard to the no oomponying drawings, forming" pan": thereof.

no my the do oil. or other lls object; is of othylonogas .IE the permanent linroicd i1ydro- 1.. and 192.1%. gum, soon (mi q cinch latter gas wiii also be produced in grcn -r qnnntiby. ,i snecoznpiisjli this l through Zion gas clio' i in time process highly i 1660. in n. fro ...cnl. n conti (i no n cryzn ry vapors in thou-mic c decomposed and thereby converted permanent gas, and the carbonic acid proonrod the distiiin' 1 ccm'crtcd into r O fid a corn" .ilaio gnignnci, for

oonVMcd from. Llw

nii n aiminrcgonerni'cii no, oonnocicd tiicr i ivy s Pi'flfltlfid i Linc of rircul on c iznniicr may rewiring-Chamo s "ongli both for means the prontion nro brongln and heated :ni Cll'l')( lll, ono of Lin: cal while the other iiirongh it is being M 'ii by clmngi tho airwtizno from one iirr lcmnbor "a; the oiirw the increased liozit do k inaily maintainedilu 1 sun Lima from coabor oil by "loon "vapors of the to oxidizing a port ion or their carbon by means of the oxide of hydrogen natural to them or added thereto, and by this menus, produce a poi-lion of hydrogon to hydrogonize the heavy hydrocarbon vapors which is equivalent; to llocarbonizing tllcm, thereby producing ethylenc or its hon1ologucs,Wl1ic-l1 only differ in structure or density, all of them poss wing tho chemical equivalents Cnli n.

The invention tliorofore principally connistn of the forced circulation of the prodncix of destructive oistinucion' Through. rr-gvm-rotoil fires into and through a prinmry or distillation ou'poln or chamber nml mnini'nining such. circulation wit-honiiho admission of air inacid disiiiilznion-clmmbvr aml rvgvnur- Ming chamber or ('llZlllllJGl'S containing rcgonoraird iirispx'hcrcln the heat i:-" com-cred To cnrryon iliQdiHl illni ion in the pri mnryclnuniwr and the wnwry and. inrry vlcmoms of tho: crniio gas are (irroniposed and ,vonvcried mio a permanent gas and 'llic rvsulting coko g, 'eniiy improved by renown o! bcing ooliod in mass instczui of in small. rotor-ts.

It fnri nor consists in the process of heating the watery and tarry vapors in the manufacture of gas for illuminating and other purposcc by the forced circulation of suolrvnpors inrongii n fire of carbonaceous nintcrizii pro rionsly rogoncrnicri to an incmnlcsccni. sink}, wherein, snon vapors are (losirnciively rm'liw iilicd and decomposed.

n'so consists, in the various details oi the :li iiilifi which are hereinafter doscrilgod.

c drawings, Fignrc l is an elovnrionin 1c spcctivo of my improvedapparatus, show- (1istillniionwhnmborand i'llG two-1'0- rnt'ng-cinunbors connected therewith. is n transverse vertical section drawn ougli line a: .c of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a plan vicw in sections at (iiiifcrcnt heights. lii'g. l

n sectional View of tho bottom of the disiillni-ion-chnmbcr.

A rho distillationclnunbor or vnpolzgsnn poi-rod on pillars 12 and provided with tunnol-iicnd 1!, through which the coal is fed to i-no cnpoin, nndtnycrcs 1%, through which the heated gas passed from out of the rego'. chambers i; and C. Thobclt of tnycrcs i onrronndcd by annular .spccej', this LQJPWE: being connected by a valved passage the rc eneratingfurnacc or passages 15 with the annular space around The tunnelhead is opened or closed by means of tho bel1- valve H, and when the coal fed to the cupole its properdistrilnition therein is secured by the deflecting-entice of the bcll-shaped valve.

M is the dischnrgepipe which carries the excess of permanent gas to the hydraulic main and purifiers, the pipe being always open .butunder seal of watcrin equilibrium vith the atmosphere, as is practiced in the ordinary way of making gas.

That portion of the chamber below the eularged part A (which surrounds the annular space and tuyeres leading therefrom) is prof erably suspended from the cupola, best shown in Fig. 2. It is surrounded by a shell it", thus forming the annular air-space 16 around thcbase of the cupola. Cold air is admitted into this annular space through opening 8, cooling the coke within the chainher and also utilizing the heat thereof on its positiom as shown in Figs. 1 and 4o loud and seal the base of the cupola.

way to the furnaces of the regencratin firechambers B and C.

D is the tub or barrow, having handles D and Wheels D, which seals, when in post tion, the opening at the base of tho cupola. This barrow is intended to convey away by means of track E the coke which is being formed in the cupola. It is placed and hold in position by the ram F, fitting in a recess beneath the barrow. The Water which exerts thc.required hydraulic press u re to elevate the barrow being admitted through the valve F from a small tank placed at a proper hoi ht to devclope the force, the ram is lifted by this means, carrying the empty barrow into in this position the valve 13" is closed and an i ncreased pressure is put upon the ram by means of valve F", suliicicnt to carry the \Vlicn the barrow is to be removed, the valve lr is closed and the valve F opened. The weight of the coke and the barrow causes a back ac tion on the column of veterand forccsit back into the tank. \Vhcn the burrow is lowered, the valve F" is closed. The bnrrou' is run off on the rails, and an empty one is immediatelyliftpd into position by openingvalvc ii". In order to break out from the base of the cupola a barrow-load of coke zsnd ct 1101 nine time support the column of carbonaceous material above it,tl1e radial spurs G are provided. .Thcse spurs act as wedges to the tuna cious body of coke which they on tor and break off the coke just above the line of the upper edge of the barrow. The spurs are inserted and withdrawn by means of wheel G, having a threaded opening at its center, engaging with the threaded portion of the spurs G, the wheel acting as a sot-screw upon said spurs.

The regcncratirig-chambers 1i and C are provided with furnaces, as shown by B in liig. "bcsc furnaces are surrounded by annular space 2, from which loads the belt of tuyores 17, through which the air admitted through opening 8 from the annular space 1 passage 13, and annular soucc 2, is led to the fire within the furnace. This belt of tnycrcs extends from the bottom oi the furnace to nearly the height of the bed of fuel within it. The purpose of this construction is to pro mote through an equal distribution of the air when forced into the body of the fuel i more perfect and more rapid combustion than could otherwise be obtained in so deop a iirc. By this means I prevent the formation of carbonic-oxide gas when the fires are being regenerated, which, if allowed to be formed, would rob the furnaceoit heat in, volatilizing the extra carbon, and consequently secure economy in thcut-ilizatiou of heat elements upon the fuel, and when the cur ts of hot gases :lreblown' upward through the-ii rc-bricl: construction to heat the same above the furnace and until the proper temperature is socurcd out through opening ll into the atmosphcrc.

The furnace is fed through opening 13', a movable cap operated by a lever. covering said opcnin The two regenerated fires are connected with the distillation chmnber by means of the T-shnped pipe O,- connecting with the blower K. .Each arm of the "i" is provided with a valve, so that the line of circulaiton continually maintained in the distiila tlon-cliambcr may be caused to alternate at will from one of the regencrating-chambers to the other. Similar valves are provided in the open i u 15, which connect theannular spaces 2 3, so that a cmnpletocircuitin the movement of the heated gases can be secured during the process of destructive distillation.

.l. is the elevated track along which the coal-bucket l containing material for the distillation-chamber, is carried by means of wheel-pulley 4, pulleys 5 7 and liftingrope 6. The curved lower end P of the truck orrests the inclined movements of tho wheelpulley, and thus permits the emptybuclcct whenit reaches this point to descend for a new load. I

The mannorof operating my improved up paratus is as follows: The bottom of the distillctioirchztinber A is closed by the burrow ,D, the top edge of which impinges against a ring of asbestos Z, placed in a recess'or shoulder at the lowest portion of'the base of such chamber. The base of the chamber is filled with large coke to a line just above the bolt 'oftuycres. On this coke and filling the cupola to nearly the base of the tunnel-head is placed the coal which is to be dcstructivcly distilled. The valve II is then closed. One of the regenerating firc-chambers-forexamplo, chamber li-bcing filled with anthracite coal or other carbonaceous fuel, is then fired,

the belt of tuycrcs surrounding it adrziitting the forced draft of air to tbe body of the fuel in the furnace. The cap of tho-furnace is removed when the fire is to be started, the

gus in. the regeneratii fire'nnd the fire-brick above it have reached till] 'opcr temperature, the ca is placed in the valves in the upper and lower opened, ll r K started, and clued fiiiilOF of the distillationthrough the fines .ncchre of the regenerl m ihrough the tuyeres 52, through the passage :3, and through the space into the cool or other carbonaceous anterial within the distiilzition. chamber, ssing up through the coal, the crude gas in egziiiii forced down tln' .igh the regeneretingwhamber and fire, as before, endthe circulation continued until a portion of the bent up by the crude chamber istrensferred to the distillzitim crinzllber. The ter and terry vepore in we crude gas in the u passage throughizbe regenerating:chenihicr and by exposure to the carbon at the high temperature therein are decomposed and concd into PFJLEHELHQH While this rapid i 1 iestructive die .tlier regenerating ted or fired to the cm s s beu'ig propcrdcgrecof he ii nei his has been obor and lower pusietillntion-clmm' g to chamber ii are thin chamber hav no continuous contact with ile iirc Thus the process is cor-.iinued, alternating rorn one regeneratingchcinbcr to anothi'ar, the of gee prodnceo. passing oil throng ith diechm'ge pipo jli. the con: 'wiihi illetion-chemher in colrcd it new on "pi; red ilzrough the tunr-ol-hcnd,thc cok c LEM) base of the cupola bci removed in the burrow D, as before described.

in ranking oil and u gun by this process all that is; necessary to do i, to fill the distillation-chamber with coizo instead of coal. The regenerating;-chembcrs are heated as hcrcinbcforo dose!" d.

Oil, preferably in die form of spiny, is adinilted through the piper above the line of the coke inthcdisti llutioircnanibcr. Steam injcctcd into the rcgcncrating-chembcr through opening 19 becomes superheated and decomposed as it is forced by time notion of the blower down through ihc highly-heated fines and fur- 11:ic:c-iii'c,:i11il, mingling; with the hydrocarbon vapors of the oil, PM 5 through the tuycros up through the body of coke, comn'zuuiceting rcio, the circulation of end the vefiv d, the term;

in u on reduced of the dense liy'droo" cud licntcd surfer 'iori'ions'oi its boat ii:

the highly-heeled Vapors 'oing on continuously the same us if the destructive distillulion of coal was being carried on.

One of the essential features which distinguishes IIIE PXOUQSSfl'G"1Oil.Ql'5 hitherto used is that the ncccssarylumt for the destructive distillation of the carbonaceous material is created in and irnnsit'erred from another firc and not generated in the distillation-chamber. By this means I cnnnvoid the ndmis" sion of atmospheric air into the distillationclinmbeigprcvcnt combustion therein, and by the transference of the crude gas at a high temperature and Without air into the body oi the material "iving out the products of distillation, and its circluation through the heated fires decompose the watery and tarry whereby the watery and tarry vapors are rlostructiveiy rcdistillcd and the necessary hoot conveyed to continue thedestructive distillation in tho primerychnmbor, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the open base of o cupolu, of a removable bottom in the form of a tub or barrow fitted to and movable to and from the monih or opening in the base of tho cupola in a direct \crticui direction by means substantially as described, and u ring of asbestos pieced in n rii'ccss in the base of the cupole and forming a fixed seal for the joint between it'end the top edge of the removable borrow, substantially as and for the purpose set fortln 3, The combination, with a, distillationcliember [or holding coal or other carbona-ceous material to be dcstruciivcly distilled and provided with a belt of tuyercs, as shown, of one or more rogcncrating-chambers connected with said distillution-chmnbcr by up per and lower, passages provided with valves, said regenerating chemberor chzunbcrs Inwing an annular spucc surrounding the furnace thereof, and n belt of tuycrcs opening from said annular spnco into the furnace, whereby combustion is promoted within said furnace by the equal distribution of air through said tuycrcs into the body of the fuel therein, as shown and dcscribmi, a blower located in tlic line of circulation in the upper connectingpnsszigcs, and menus for driving said blower and maintaining the circulation of the crude gas generated through said distilletiouchamher and the regenerating chamber or chambers connected therewith, substantially as set forth and described.

4. The combination, with a distillationtery and tarry vapors contained in said products decomposed by the increased temperature imparted thereto, substantially as, set forth and described.

5. The coi'nbinatiop, with a cupola, cf an outer shell a, provided with opening 8, forming an annular air-space around the base 0f.

said cnpola, of connecting-passage 13, regenerating-chamber B, having. 'nular space 2,

and furnace B" provided with tuyeres 17,

substantially as set fortl 'and described.

. JOHN 'F. ALLEN. Witnesses:

Rosr. I-I. lvlARSHALL,

JOHN W. KQNVALIN A.

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