US4430811A - Footwear - Google Patents

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Publication number
US4430811A
US4430811A US06/336,591 US33659182A US4430811A US 4430811 A US4430811 A US 4430811A US 33659182 A US33659182 A US 33659182A US 4430811 A US4430811 A US 4430811A
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Prior art keywords
layer
fabric
footwear
wearer
foot
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US06/336,591
Inventor
Hozuma Okada
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HOZUMA OKADA 26-30 KINUGASASHITAMACHI RYUANJI UKYO-KU KYOTO-SHI KYOTO-KU JAPAN
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Sakashita Co Ltd
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Assigned to SAKASHITA CO., LTD. reassignment SAKASHITA CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: OKADA, HOZUMA
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Assigned to HOZUMA OKADA, 26-30, KINUGASASHITAMACHI, RYUANJI, UKYO-KU, KYOTO-SHI, KYOTO-KU, JAPAN reassignment HOZUMA OKADA, 26-30, KINUGASASHITAMACHI, RYUANJI, UKYO-KU, KYOTO-SHI, KYOTO-KU, JAPAN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SAKASHITA CO., LTD.
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/07Linings therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B1/00Footwear characterised by the material
    • A43B1/02Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom
    • A43B1/028Synthetic or artificial fibres
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B1/00Footwear characterised by the material
    • A43B1/02Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom
    • A43B1/04Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom braided, knotted, knitted or crocheted
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/10Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined specially adapted for sweaty feet; waterproof
    • A43B17/102Moisture absorbing socks; Moisture dissipating socks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/0235Different layers of different material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/02Boots covering the lower leg

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to footwear such as shoes, boots, slippers or sandals and, more particularly, to an improvement in the inner cover used in the footwear to contact the foot of a wearer when the footwear is in use.
  • FIG. 1 An example of the prior art footwear is shown in FIG. 1, and is provided with an intermediate layer 1 made of foamed urethane and positioned between an outer cover 2, defining the outer surface of the footwear including the sole thereof, and an inner cover 3 held in position to contact the foot of the wearer when the footwear is in use.
  • an inner cover 3 As a material for the inner cover 3, there has been used a tricot knit nylon fabric having a relatively high moisture holding capability compared with other synthetic fabrics.
  • the structure of this type has some advantages in that it can improve the adaptation to the wearer's foot and that it can provide an adiabatic structure with respect to the wearer's foot.
  • the inner cover of the footwear absorbs the sweat discharged from the wearer's foot during the use thereof.
  • the skin of the wearer's foot is held in contact, directly or indirectly through the stocking, with the inner cover having absorbed much sweat, the skin becomes wet and gets steamed by the heat of the wearer's foot. This adversely affects the wearing comfortability to the wearer.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a footwear which is effective not only to absorb much sweat, but also to keep the surface of the inner cover always dry and, accordingly, is comfortable for the wearer to wear without causing it to be steamed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a footwear of the type referred to above which has a double-layer structure fitted to the inner cover of the footwear.
  • the double-layered structure comprises first and second layers of fabric combined together, with first layer of fabric being always dry even though it may be in direct contact with the wearer's foot, and said second layer of fabric being effective to absorb much moisture which penetrates through said first layer of fabric.
  • Footwear according to the present invention generally has a three-layered structure comprising an intermediate layer made of foamed urethane and having first and second opposite surfaces, an outer cover bonded to the first surface of the intermediate layer and so shaped as to cover at least a portion of the foot of a wearer, and an inner cover bonded to the second surface of the intermediate layer and held in position to contact the wearer's foot when the footwear is in use.
  • the footwear of the present invention is featured in that the inner cover itself has a double-layered structure comprising first and second layers of fabric combined together.
  • the fabric of said first layer has a relatively high moisture permeability and a relatively low moisture holding capability whereas the fabric of said second layer has a relatively high moisture holding capability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematical sectional view showing a boot as an example of footwear
  • FIG. 2 is a schematical sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing a portion shown by A in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a specific structure of FIG. 2 together with a portion of the skin of the wearer's foot;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view, on a further enlarged scale, of an inner cover used in the boot of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, showing an alternative material for the inner cover.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of another portion shown by B in FIG. 1 showing a sectional structure of the sole of the footwear according to the present invention.
  • Footwear so far shown in FIG. 1 is a boot and is comprised of a sole portion 4 and an upper portion 5 covering at least a portion of the instep and the heal of the wearer's foot as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the upper portion 5 of the footwear is formed with a three-layered structure substantially comprised of an outer cover 7, an intermediate layer 8, made of foamed urethane, and an inner cover 9.
  • the outer cover 7 defines an outer surface of said upper portion 5 and is made of a material such as fabric, leather, synthetic leather, rubber, synthetic rubber, known to those skilled in the art.
  • the intermediate urethane layer 8 has such a property that it is able to permeate gases, but not liquids therethrough under an ordinary condition during the use of the footwear, and also a relatively high thermal capacity and a good cushioning property.
  • the first surface 8a of the intermediate urethane layer 8 and the inner surface 7a of the outer cover 7 are bonded together by a method known to those skilled in the art.
  • the inner cover 9 has a double-layered structure comprising first and second layers 10, 11 of fabric joined together with threads.
  • the first layer 10 is adapted to contact the wearer's foot directly or indirectly through the stocking whereas the second layer 11 joined to said first layer 10 is bonded to the second surface 8b of the intermediate layer 8 by a method known to those skilled in the art.
  • the knitting gauge to be used for the first knitted fabric 10 is chosen to a smaller value than that of the second knitted fabric 11 in order to increase the moisture permeability thereof.
  • the knitting method for the first and second knitted fabric 10 and 11 may be either warp knitting or flat knitting.
  • the knitted fabric used for the first layer 10 has a relatively high moisture permeability and a relatively low moisture holding capability and may be polyvinyl chloride fabric, polyyester fabric, nylon fabric, polypropylene fabric, vinylidene fabric or vinylon fabric.
  • the polyvinyl chloride especially teviron fabric is most suitable for the first layer 10.
  • the teviron fabric has a low moisture holding capability of 0.0 ⁇ 0.3% under the condition of room temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity of 95% and has a high moisture permeability and a high thermal capacity.
  • the polyyester fabric is suitable because of the low moisture holding capability of 0.6 ⁇ 0.7% under the same condition as mentioned above.
  • nylon fabric is usable, which has a moisture holding capability of 8.0 ⁇ 9.0%. Although both the polyyester and nylon fabric have a relatively higher moisture holding capability than that of the polyvinyl chloride fabrics, these fabric are usable if they have relatively large meshes.
  • the knitted fabric used as a material for the first layer 10 has a thickness, depending on the count and the gauge of yarns used therefor which is sufficient to avoid any possible direct contact of the wearer's foot to the second layer 11 and to show a good durability without dismissing the permeability thereof.
  • the second layer 11 is provided for the purpose for holding or absorbing therein moisture or sweat having been emitted from the wearer's foot and which has permeated through said first layer 10.
  • a knitted fabric having a relatively high moisture holding capability and a smaller mesh with thick fiber compared with the fabric of the first layer 10.
  • the knitted fabric also has a thickness sufficient to hold moisture absorbed therein and not to discharge it therefrom to the first layer 10 even when a compressive pressure acts thereon through the first layer 10.
  • the fabric used for the second layer 11 is desirably a cupra fabric having a moisture holding capability of 21.0 ⁇ 25.0% under the condition of room temperature of 20° C. and of a relative humidity of 95%, a rayon fabric having a moisture holding capability of 25.0 ⁇ 30.0% under the same condition, a cotton fabric of 24.0 ⁇ 27.0% in moisture holding capability under the same condition, a hygroscopic nylon fabric or an acrylic fabric. And, it is desirable to use fabric of a thickness greater than 40 denyls for the purpose thereof. Also, as a knitting fiber used to combine both fabrics, the same fiber as the fabric of the first layer 10 is desirably used.
  • the inner cover 9 comprising first and second layer 10, 11 acts with respect to the moisture or the sweat discharged from the wearer's foot as follows.
  • the moisture vapourised directly on the surface of the skin of the wearer's foot goes through the clearance defined between each adjacent fibers of the first layer 10 and is caught or absorbed by the second layer 11 in the moisture state or in the liquid state.
  • the sweat 15 in the liquid state emitted from the wearer's foot permeates through the first layer 10 and is absorbed into the second layer 11.
  • a portion of the sweat absorbed in the second layer 11 is evaporated and goes through the foams continuously formed in the foamed urethane layer 8 and is, then, discharged through the outer skin 6 to the outside of the footwear.
  • Other portion of the sweat, after evaporated, is discharged through the first layer 11 into the space between the wearer's foot and the footwear. The moisture discharged into such space is discharged out of the footwear due to the breathing action during its use.
  • the evaporative heat or the heat of condensation does not directly affect the skin of the wearer's foot separated from the second layer 11 by the intervention of the first layer 10.
  • One of the most suitable combinations of the first and second layer 10 and 11 is a combination wherein the first layer 10 is a fabric made of polyvinyl chloride and the second layer 11 is a fabric made of cupra, because this combination is easy in knitting, tough and cheap in cost and, moreover, it is easy to bond it to the intermediate layer 8.
  • a fabric of polyyester or nylon, etc. is to be used instead of said fabric of polyvinyl chloride, because the fabric of polyvinyl chloride has a thermoplasticity and may be deformed during the vulcanization process.
  • a fabric of 30 denyls in the count and of 34 wales per inch in the mesh thereof is desirably used as said polyyester fabric and a fabric of 50 denyls and of 34 wales per inch as said cupra fabric.
  • first knitting fiber 16 for the first fabric layer and second knitting fiber 17 for the second fabric layer are double knitted to combine said first and second fabric layer directly without using fibers for joining.
  • FIG. 6 an enlarged sectional view of the sole portion B of FIG. 1 is shown.
  • the sole portion has also a three-layered structure comprising an inner cover (corresponding to 9 of FIG. 3), an intermediate layer 8 of foamed urethane and an outer cover 20.
  • a double woven fabric 21 comprises a first fabric 21 as the first layer and second fabric 22 as the second layer, because a woven fabric is more durable than a knitted fabric.
  • the properties of each of first and second fabric are chosen substantially in the same manner as in the foregoing. However, since the inner cover of the sole portion is exposed to a higher pressure and more sweat than the other portion of the footwear, the material, the thickness of fiber and the mesh of each of first and second fabric are so chosen that these fabrics may be durable under such a hard condition.
  • the outer cover 20 comprises an intermediate sole 23 made of paper or synthetic resin, a hard urethane layer 24 and an outer sole 25 made of rubber.
  • the manner of absorption of the sweat emitted from the wearer's foot to the second layer 22 is substantially the same as that described with reference to FIG. 3, and the moisture absorbed is discharged out of the footwear, after evaporised, after being vaporized, by a breathing action due to the extraction and contraction of the inner cover 9 and the intermediate layer 8. It may be also possible to emit the moisture absorbed out of the footwear by using hard urethane as the intermediate layer instead of the soft urethane and by providing passages through said hard urethane for emitting said moisture therethrough to the outer surface of the footwear as a result of the breathing action. Moreover, if the footwear is leather shoes, it may be possible to emit the moisture by using a leather having a gas permeability as an outer cover 20.
  • Testpiece (a), (b), (c) and (d) are prepared.
  • Testpiece (a) has a single layer structure of a tricot knitted nylon fabric.
  • Testpieces (b), (c) and (d) are double-knitted fabrics comprising a nylon, polyyester and tevilon layer as first layer, respectively, and a cupra layer as second layer. These testpiece are wetted by applying an equal amount of water thereto from the first layer and are thereafter compressed with the pressure of 0.1 kg per cm 2 to remove water. The amounts of water which has been contained in the first layer of each testpieces (a), (b), (c), (d) is measured by permitting said water to be absorbed on a blotting paper.
  • testpieces (b), (c) and (d) according to the present invention are excellent in minimizing the steaming the wearer's foot in comparison with the testpiece (a), because the first layers thereof contain less water than the testpiece (a). And, among these test pieces (b), (c) and (d), the testpiece (d) is most favorable.
  • testpieces (e) and (f) are prepared.
  • the testpiece (e) has a double layered structure comprising first layer of nylon fabric woven into mesh and second layer of cupra.
  • the testpiece (e) has only one layer of nylon fabric being the same as the first layer of the testpiece (e).
  • These testpiece (e) and (f) are wetted by contacting a sponge member containing an equal amount of water with the nylon layer thereof under the same pressure and, thereafter, the weight of water contained in the nylon layer of testpiece (e) and (f) are measured by weighing.
  • the testpiece (e) according to the present invention has a higher water absorption capability compared with the single layered testpiece (f). It is to be noted that the nylon layer of the double-layered testpiece (e) absorbs less water than that by the single layered nylon testpiece (f). According to these results, it is also clear that the inner cover of double layered structure according to the present invention is excellent in absorbing the sweat emitted from the wearer's foot.

Abstract

A footwear such as shoes, boots, slippers etc., comprises a three-layered structure including an outer cover, an intermediate layer made of foamed urethane and an inner cover.
The inner cover has a double-layered structure including first and second layer of fabric and the first and second layer are so combined as not only to show good absorption of the sweat emitted from the wearer's foot but also to keep the surface thereof held in contact to the foot dry.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to footwear such as shoes, boots, slippers or sandals and, more particularly, to an improvement in the inner cover used in the footwear to contact the foot of a wearer when the footwear is in use.
There have been placed on the market footwear such as sport shoes or ski boots. An example of the prior art footwear is shown in FIG. 1, and is provided with an intermediate layer 1 made of foamed urethane and positioned between an outer cover 2, defining the outer surface of the footwear including the sole thereof, and an inner cover 3 held in position to contact the foot of the wearer when the footwear is in use. As a material for the inner cover 3, there has been used a tricot knit nylon fabric having a relatively high moisture holding capability compared with other synthetic fabrics.
The structure of this type has some advantages in that it can improve the adaptation to the wearer's foot and that it can provide an adiabatic structure with respect to the wearer's foot.
On the contrary to the above, the inner cover of the footwear absorbs the sweat discharged from the wearer's foot during the use thereof. However, since the skin of the wearer's foot is held in contact, directly or indirectly through the stocking, with the inner cover having absorbed much sweat, the skin becomes wet and gets steamed by the heat of the wearer's foot. This adversely affects the wearing comfortability to the wearer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a footwear which is effective not only to absorb much sweat, but also to keep the surface of the inner cover always dry and, accordingly, is comfortable for the wearer to wear without causing it to be steamed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a footwear of the type referred to above which has a double-layer structure fitted to the inner cover of the footwear. The double-layered structure comprises first and second layers of fabric combined together, with first layer of fabric being always dry even though it may be in direct contact with the wearer's foot, and said second layer of fabric being effective to absorb much moisture which penetrates through said first layer of fabric.
Footwear according to the present invention generally has a three-layered structure comprising an intermediate layer made of foamed urethane and having first and second opposite surfaces, an outer cover bonded to the first surface of the intermediate layer and so shaped as to cover at least a portion of the foot of a wearer, and an inner cover bonded to the second surface of the intermediate layer and held in position to contact the wearer's foot when the footwear is in use. The footwear of the present invention is featured in that the inner cover itself has a double-layered structure comprising first and second layers of fabric combined together. The fabric of said first layer has a relatively high moisture permeability and a relatively low moisture holding capability whereas the fabric of said second layer has a relatively high moisture holding capability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein;
FIG. 1 is a schematical sectional view showing a boot as an example of footwear;
FIG. 2 is a schematical sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing a portion shown by A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a specific structure of FIG. 2 together with a portion of the skin of the wearer's foot;
FIG. 4 is a plan view, on a further enlarged scale, of an inner cover used in the boot of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, showing an alternative material for the inner cover; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of another portion shown by B in FIG. 1 showing a sectional structure of the sole of the footwear according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Footwear so far shown in FIG. 1 is a boot and is comprised of a sole portion 4 and an upper portion 5 covering at least a portion of the instep and the heal of the wearer's foot as shown in FIG. 1.
According to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper portion 5 of the footwear is formed with a three-layered structure substantially comprised of an outer cover 7, an intermediate layer 8, made of foamed urethane, and an inner cover 9.
The outer cover 7 defines an outer surface of said upper portion 5 and is made of a material such as fabric, leather, synthetic leather, rubber, synthetic rubber, known to those skilled in the art.
The intermediate urethane layer 8 has such a property that it is able to permeate gases, but not liquids therethrough under an ordinary condition during the use of the footwear, and also a relatively high thermal capacity and a good cushioning property. The first surface 8a of the intermediate urethane layer 8 and the inner surface 7a of the outer cover 7 are bonded together by a method known to those skilled in the art.
The inner cover 9 has a double-layered structure comprising first and second layers 10, 11 of fabric joined together with threads. The first layer 10 is adapted to contact the wearer's foot directly or indirectly through the stocking whereas the second layer 11 joined to said first layer 10 is bonded to the second surface 8b of the intermediate layer 8 by a method known to those skilled in the art.
It is desirable to use, as said inner cover 9, a double knitted fabric knitted by a Russel tricot knitting machine.
As shown in FIG. 3, the knitting gauge to be used for the first knitted fabric 10 is chosen to a smaller value than that of the second knitted fabric 11 in order to increase the moisture permeability thereof. The knitting method for the first and second knitted fabric 10 and 11 may be either warp knitting or flat knitting.
The knitted fabric used for the first layer 10 has a relatively high moisture permeability and a relatively low moisture holding capability and may be polyvinyl chloride fabric, polyyester fabric, nylon fabric, polypropylene fabric, vinylidene fabric or vinylon fabric. Among these synthetic fabrics, the polyvinyl chloride especially teviron fabric is most suitable for the first layer 10. The teviron fabric has a low moisture holding capability of 0.0˜0.3% under the condition of room temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity of 95% and has a high moisture permeability and a high thermal capacity. Next to the teviron fabric, the polyyester fabric is suitable because of the low moisture holding capability of 0.6˜0.7% under the same condition as mentioned above. Also, nylon fabric is usable, which has a moisture holding capability of 8.0˜9.0%. Although both the polyyester and nylon fabric have a relatively higher moisture holding capability than that of the polyvinyl chloride fabrics, these fabric are usable if they have relatively large meshes.
The knitted fabric used as a material for the first layer 10 has a thickness, depending on the count and the gauge of yarns used therefor which is sufficient to avoid any possible direct contact of the wearer's foot to the second layer 11 and to show a good durability without dismissing the permeability thereof. In order to satisfy these requirements, it is desirable to use the fiber prepared by the use of yarns of 30˜100 denyls thereof and the gauge thereof is preferably within the range of 36˜14 wales per inch depending on the count of the yarns used for said fiber.
On the contrary to the above, the second layer 11 is provided for the purpose for holding or absorbing therein moisture or sweat having been emitted from the wearer's foot and which has permeated through said first layer 10. To this end, it is desirable to use, as a material for the second layer 11, a knitted fabric having a relatively high moisture holding capability and a smaller mesh with thick fiber compared with the fabric of the first layer 10. The knitted fabric also has a thickness sufficient to hold moisture absorbed therein and not to discharge it therefrom to the first layer 10 even when a compressive pressure acts thereon through the first layer 10.
The fabric used for the second layer 11 is desirably a cupra fabric having a moisture holding capability of 21.0˜25.0% under the condition of room temperature of 20° C. and of a relative humidity of 95%, a rayon fabric having a moisture holding capability of 25.0˜30.0% under the same condition, a cotton fabric of 24.0˜27.0% in moisture holding capability under the same condition, a hygroscopic nylon fabric or an acrylic fabric. And, it is desirable to use fabric of a thickness greater than 40 denyls for the purpose thereof. Also, as a knitting fiber used to combine both fabrics, the same fiber as the fabric of the first layer 10 is desirably used.
The inner cover 9 comprising first and second layer 10, 11 acts with respect to the moisture or the sweat discharged from the wearer's foot as follows.
As shown by an arrow 14 in FIG. 3, the moisture vapourised directly on the surface of the skin of the wearer's foot goes through the clearance defined between each adjacent fibers of the first layer 10 and is caught or absorbed by the second layer 11 in the moisture state or in the liquid state. The sweat 15 in the liquid state emitted from the wearer's foot permeates through the first layer 10 and is absorbed into the second layer 11.
A portion of the sweat absorbed in the second layer 11 is evaporated and goes through the foams continuously formed in the foamed urethane layer 8 and is, then, discharged through the outer skin 6 to the outside of the footwear. Other portion of the sweat, after evaporated, is discharged through the first layer 11 into the space between the wearer's foot and the footwear. The moisture discharged into such space is discharged out of the footwear due to the breathing action during its use.
As mentioned above, since the evaporation and condensation of the sweat are done only in the second layer 11 of the inner cover 9, the evaporative heat or the heat of condensation does not directly affect the skin of the wearer's foot separated from the second layer 11 by the intervention of the first layer 10.
One of the most suitable combinations of the first and second layer 10 and 11 is a combination wherein the first layer 10 is a fabric made of polyvinyl chloride and the second layer 11 is a fabric made of cupra, because this combination is easy in knitting, tough and cheap in cost and, moreover, it is easy to bond it to the intermediate layer 8.
However, where a vulcanization is carried out during the manufacture of the footwear such as a rubber shoes, a fabric of polyyester or nylon, etc., is to be used instead of said fabric of polyvinyl chloride, because the fabric of polyvinyl chloride has a thermoplasticity and may be deformed during the vulcanization process. When a combination of a fabric of polyyester for the first layer 10 and a fabric of cupra for the second layer 11 is employed, a fabric of 30 denyls in the count and of 34 wales per inch in the mesh thereof is desirably used as said polyyester fabric and a fabric of 50 denyls and of 34 wales per inch as said cupra fabric.
As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it is possible to use a double knitted fabric as an inner cover in which first knitting fiber 16 for the first fabric layer and second knitting fiber 17 for the second fabric layer are double knitted to combine said first and second fabric layer directly without using fibers for joining.
In FIG. 6, an enlarged sectional view of the sole portion B of FIG. 1 is shown. As shown in FIG. 6, the sole portion has also a three-layered structure comprising an inner cover (corresponding to 9 of FIG. 3), an intermediate layer 8 of foamed urethane and an outer cover 20.
As a suitable inner cover of the sole portion, a double woven fabric 21 comprises a first fabric 21 as the first layer and second fabric 22 as the second layer, because a woven fabric is more durable than a knitted fabric. The properties of each of first and second fabric are chosen substantially in the same manner as in the foregoing. However, since the inner cover of the sole portion is exposed to a higher pressure and more sweat than the other portion of the footwear, the material, the thickness of fiber and the mesh of each of first and second fabric are so chosen that these fabrics may be durable under such a hard condition.
The outer cover 20 comprises an intermediate sole 23 made of paper or synthetic resin, a hard urethane layer 24 and an outer sole 25 made of rubber.
In the structure above mentioned, the manner of absorption of the sweat emitted from the wearer's foot to the second layer 22 is substantially the same as that described with reference to FIG. 3, and the moisture absorbed is discharged out of the footwear, after evaporised, after being vaporized, by a breathing action due to the extraction and contraction of the inner cover 9 and the intermediate layer 8. It may be also possible to emit the moisture absorbed out of the footwear by using hard urethane as the intermediate layer instead of the soft urethane and by providing passages through said hard urethane for emitting said moisture therethrough to the outer surface of the footwear as a result of the breathing action. Moreover, if the footwear is leather shoes, it may be possible to emit the moisture by using a leather having a gas permeability as an outer cover 20.
The results of experiments made for testing the moisture permeability and the moisture holding capability of said inner cover are shown as follows.
[Test For Moisture Permeability]
Four testpieces (a), (b), (c) and (d) are prepared. Testpiece (a) has a single layer structure of a tricot knitted nylon fabric. Testpieces (b), (c) and (d) are double-knitted fabrics comprising a nylon, polyyester and tevilon layer as first layer, respectively, and a cupra layer as second layer. These testpiece are wetted by applying an equal amount of water thereto from the first layer and are thereafter compressed with the pressure of 0.1 kg per cm2 to remove water. The amounts of water which has been contained in the first layer of each testpieces (a), (b), (c), (d) is measured by permitting said water to be absorbed on a blotting paper.
                                  TABLE 1                                 
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           weight before                                                  
                  weight (Wo) of                                          
                          weight after                                    
                                 weight (W) of                            
testpiece  test   water applied                                           
                          compression                                     
                                 water contained                          
                                         (W/Wo) × 100               
__________________________________________________________________________
(a)                                                                       
  nylon    0.38 g 0.22 g  0.40 g         91%                              
  blotting paper                                                          
           1.20 g         1.40 g 0.20 g                                   
(b)                                                                       
  nylon + cupra                                                           
           0.50 g 0.25 g  0.65 g         40%                              
  blotting paper                                                          
           1.20 g         1.30 g 0.10 g                                   
(c)                                                                       
  polyester + cupra                                                       
           0.30 g 0.25 g  0.45 g         40%                              
  blotting paper                                                          
           1.20 g         1.30 g 0.10 g                                   
(d)                                                                       
  teviron + cupra                                                         
           0.70 g 0.50 g  1.10 g         20%                              
  blotting paper                                                          
           1.20 g         1.30 g 0.10 g                                   
__________________________________________________________________________
The results of these tests are shown in Table 1. As seen clearly from Table 1, the testpieces (b), (c) and (d) according to the present invention are excellent in minimizing the steaming the wearer's foot in comparison with the testpiece (a), because the first layers thereof contain less water than the testpiece (a). And, among these test pieces (b), (c) and (d), the testpiece (d) is most favorable.
[Test for Moisture Holding Capability]
Two testpieces (e) and (f) are prepared. The testpiece (e) has a double layered structure comprising first layer of nylon fabric woven into mesh and second layer of cupra. The testpiece (e) has only one layer of nylon fabric being the same as the first layer of the testpiece (e). These testpiece (e) and (f) are wetted by contacting a sponge member containing an equal amount of water with the nylon layer thereof under the same pressure and, thereafter, the weight of water contained in the nylon layer of testpiece (e) and (f) are measured by weighing.
The results are shown in Table II
              TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
         weight before                                                    
                    weight after weight of water                          
Testpiece                                                                 
         Test       Test         absorbed                                 
______________________________________                                    
(f) nylon    4.9 g      5.7 g      0.8 g                                  
(e) nylon    4.9 g      5.3 g      0.4 g                                  
     +                              1.3 g                                 
    cupra    1.2 g      2.1 g      0.9 g                                  
______________________________________                                    
As seen from Table 2, the testpiece (e) according to the present invention has a higher water absorption capability compared with the single layered testpiece (f). It is to be noted that the nylon layer of the double-layered testpiece (e) absorbs less water than that by the single layered nylon testpiece (f). According to these results, it is also clear that the inner cover of double layered structure according to the present invention is excellent in absorbing the sweat emitted from the wearer's foot.

Claims (7)

What is claimed is:
1. Footwear comprising;
an intermediate layer made of foamed urethane and having first and second opposite surfaces;
an outer cover bonded to the first surface of the intermediate layer and so shaped as to cover at least a portion of the foot of a wearer; and an inner cover bonded to the second surface of the intermediate layer and held in position to contact the foot of the wearer when the footwear is in use;
said inner cover being of a double-layered structure including first and second layers of fabric joined together, the first layer being a woven or knitted fabric and adapted to contact the wearer's foot and the second layer being bonded to the intermediate layer,
the fabric of said first layer having a relatively high moisture permeability and a relatively low moisture holding capability whereas the fabric of said second layer has a relatively high moisture holding capability.
2. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein said fabric of the second layer is a woven fabric or a knitted fabric.
3. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein said fabric of the first layer is made of a synthetic material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyyester, nylon, polypropylene, vinylidene and vinylon.
4. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein said fabric of the second layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of cupra, rayon, cotton, nylon, and acrylic.
5. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein said fabric of the first layer has meshes larger than that of said fabric of the second layer.
6. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein said fabric of the first layer is prepared from yarns having 30˜100 denyl and has 14˜50 wales per inch.
7. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein the yarn for the fabric of the second layer is larger than 40 denyl.
US06/336,591 1981-09-30 1982-01-04 Footwear Expired - Fee Related US4430811A (en)

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JP1981146393U JPS5913849Y2 (en) 1981-09-30 1981-09-30 covering
JP56-146393[U] 1981-09-30

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Cited By (50)

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US4785558A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-11-22 Toray Industries, Inc. Shoe upper of interknitted outer and inner knit layers
US4858339A (en) * 1987-01-10 1989-08-22 Nippon Rubber Co., Ltd. Composite rubber sheet material and sports shoe employing the same
US4893418A (en) * 1988-01-11 1990-01-16 Ogden Inc. Shoe insole and method of manufacture
US4925724A (en) * 1988-01-11 1990-05-15 Ogden Inc. Slip-resistant, cushioning material
US4930175A (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-06-05 Chin-Lung Chen Water-proof snow boot
AT393942B (en) * 1987-07-20 1992-01-10 Richter Herbert Shoe
EP0495408A2 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-07-22 DINSPORT S.r.l. Upper structure particularly for items of footwear
FR2681514A1 (en) * 1991-09-24 1993-03-26 Philippe Christian Ventilated combination upper/insole for articles of footwear
WO1994000033A1 (en) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-06 Dahlgren Raymond E Footwear for facilitating the removal and dissipation of perspiration
EP0626140A1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-11-30 Daniel L. Brier Moisture-management sock and shoe for creating a moisture managing environment for the feet
US5385036A (en) * 1993-05-24 1995-01-31 Guilford Mills, Inc. Warp knitted textile spacer fabric, method of producing same, and products produced therefrom
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US5505011A (en) * 1992-11-24 1996-04-09 Bleimhofer; Walter Waterproof breathable footwear with extended inside liner layer
US5607745A (en) * 1992-01-31 1997-03-04 Ogden, Inc. Slip-resistant, moisture absorbent sheet material
US5687441A (en) * 1995-01-04 1997-11-18 Nimrod Production (1979) Ltd. Footwear's insole and a process for its manufacture
US5964047A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-10-12 Columbia Insurance Company Waterproof footwear
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US6558784B1 (en) 1999-03-02 2003-05-06 Adc Composites, Llc Composite footwear upper and method of manufacturing a composite footwear upper
US20030186610A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Tim Peters Elastic hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite yarns and moisture management elastic fabrics made therefrom
US6698108B2 (en) * 2000-12-06 2004-03-02 Sympatex Technologies Gmbh Waterproof shoe
US6735886B2 (en) 1999-06-17 2004-05-18 Markpro Co., Ltd Soccer shoes having an improved structure capable of allowing a user to kick a ball farther
US20050075027A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-07 Etchells Marc D. Moisture management system
US20050076541A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-14 Blucher Gmbh Protective footwear
US20050126038A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-16 K-Swiss Inc. Method for forming footwear structures using thermoforming
US20060168847A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-03 Nike, Inc. Breathable sole structures and products containing such sole structures
EP1825996A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-29 The Timberland Company Compression molded footwear and methods of manufacture
US20080166524A1 (en) * 2007-01-02 2008-07-10 Polyworks, Inc. Thermoformed cushioning material and method of making
EP2070431A1 (en) 2007-12-14 2009-06-17 Le Chameau Bundle
US7552603B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2009-06-30 Dahlgren Footwear, Inc. Channeled moisture management sock
FR2928818A1 (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-25 Louis Vidon Soc Par Actions Si Functional textile complex, useful e.g. in clothing, has liquid-absorbing main layer of elastane-containing 3-dimensional knitted fabric, barrier layer and visible layer
US20140251338A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2014-09-11 Koninklijke Philips N.V. User interface device providing improved load distribution functionality background of the invention
US20150223552A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-13 Adidas Ag Soccer Shoe
JP2015535443A (en) * 2012-11-20 2015-12-14 ナイキ イノヴェイト シーヴィー Footwear products incorporating knitted parts with socks and tongues
CN108968214A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-11 佛山市南海鸿晟鞋业有限公司 A kind of waterproof leather shoes and its production method
WO2019027887A1 (en) * 2017-07-31 2019-02-07 Nike Innovate C.V. An upper for an article of footwear
US10299544B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2019-05-28 Nike, Inc. Last system for articles with braided components
US10455885B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2019-10-29 Adidas Ag Flat weft-knitted upper for sports shoes
US10555581B2 (en) 2015-05-26 2020-02-11 Nike, Inc. Braided upper with multiple materials
US10674791B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2020-06-09 Nike, Inc. Braided article with internal midsole structure
US10743618B2 (en) 2015-05-26 2020-08-18 Nike, Inc. Hybrid braided article
EP3708017A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2020-09-16 adidas AG Shoe, in particular a sports shoe
US10806210B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2020-10-20 Nike, Inc. Braided articles and methods for their manufacture
US10863794B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2020-12-15 Nike, Inc. Article of footwear having multiple braided structures
US10939729B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2021-03-09 Adidas Ag Knitted shoe upper
US11051573B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2021-07-06 Nike, Inc. Braided articles and methods for their manufacture
US11103028B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2021-08-31 Nike, Inc. Multi-layered braided article and method of making
US11202483B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2021-12-21 Nike, Inc. Braided articles and methods for their manufacture
US11219266B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2022-01-11 Nike, Inc. Article of footwear with braided upper
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Cited By (85)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4785558A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-11-22 Toray Industries, Inc. Shoe upper of interknitted outer and inner knit layers
US4858339A (en) * 1987-01-10 1989-08-22 Nippon Rubber Co., Ltd. Composite rubber sheet material and sports shoe employing the same
AT393942B (en) * 1987-07-20 1992-01-10 Richter Herbert Shoe
EP0396614A1 (en) * 1988-01-11 1990-11-14 Ogden Inc Shoe insole and method of manufacture.
EP0396614B1 (en) * 1988-01-11 1995-11-08 Ogden Inc. Shoe insole
US4925724A (en) * 1988-01-11 1990-05-15 Ogden Inc. Slip-resistant, cushioning material
US4893418A (en) * 1988-01-11 1990-01-16 Ogden Inc. Shoe insole and method of manufacture
US4930175A (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-06-05 Chin-Lung Chen Water-proof snow boot
EP0380902A2 (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-08 Chin-Lung Chen Water-proof snow boot
EP0380902A3 (en) * 1989-02-03 1991-07-24 Chin-Lung Chen Water-proof snow boot
EP0495408A2 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-07-22 DINSPORT S.r.l. Upper structure particularly for items of footwear
EP0495408A3 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-09-02 Dinsport S.R.L. Upper structure particularly for items of footwear
FR2681514A1 (en) * 1991-09-24 1993-03-26 Philippe Christian Ventilated combination upper/insole for articles of footwear
US5607745A (en) * 1992-01-31 1997-03-04 Ogden, Inc. Slip-resistant, moisture absorbent sheet material
US5714229A (en) * 1992-01-31 1998-02-03 Ogden, Inc. Slip-resistant, moisture absorbent sheet material
US5365677A (en) * 1992-06-30 1994-11-22 Dalhgren Raymond E Footwear for facilitating the removal and dissipation of perspiration from the foot of a wearer
WO1994000033A1 (en) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-06 Dahlgren Raymond E Footwear for facilitating the removal and dissipation of perspiration
US5505011A (en) * 1992-11-24 1996-04-09 Bleimhofer; Walter Waterproof breathable footwear with extended inside liner layer
US5385036A (en) * 1993-05-24 1995-01-31 Guilford Mills, Inc. Warp knitted textile spacer fabric, method of producing same, and products produced therefrom
EP0626140A1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-11-30 Daniel L. Brier Moisture-management sock and shoe for creating a moisture managing environment for the feet
EP0664092A2 (en) * 1994-01-19 1995-07-26 Guilford Mills, Inc. Warp-knitted textile fabric shoe liner and method of producing same
EP0664092A3 (en) * 1994-01-19 1995-10-04 Guilford Mills Inc Warp-knitted textile fabric shoe liner and method of producing same.
US5687441A (en) * 1995-01-04 1997-11-18 Nimrod Production (1979) Ltd. Footwear's insole and a process for its manufacture
US5964047A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-10-12 Columbia Insurance Company Waterproof footwear
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US6670029B2 (en) 1999-03-02 2003-12-30 Adc Composites, Llc Composite footwear upper and method of manufacturing a composite footwear upper
US6558784B1 (en) 1999-03-02 2003-05-06 Adc Composites, Llc Composite footwear upper and method of manufacturing a composite footwear upper
US6735886B2 (en) 1999-06-17 2004-05-18 Markpro Co., Ltd Soccer shoes having an improved structure capable of allowing a user to kick a ball farther
US6698108B2 (en) * 2000-12-06 2004-03-02 Sympatex Technologies Gmbh Waterproof shoe
US20030186610A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Tim Peters Elastic hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite yarns and moisture management elastic fabrics made therefrom
US7169720B2 (en) 2003-10-07 2007-01-30 Etchells Marc D Moisture management system
US20050075027A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-07 Etchells Marc D. Moisture management system
US20050076541A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-14 Blucher Gmbh Protective footwear
US8176659B2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2012-05-15 BLüCHER GMBH Protective footwear
US20050126038A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-16 K-Swiss Inc. Method for forming footwear structures using thermoforming
US7178267B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2007-02-20 Polyworks, Inc. Method for forming footwear structures using thermoforming
US20060168847A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-03 Nike, Inc. Breathable sole structures and products containing such sole structures
US7536808B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2009-05-26 Nike, Inc. Breathable sole structures and products containing such sole structures
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US20070199210A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 The Timberland Company Compression molded footwear and methods of manufacture
US20080166524A1 (en) * 2007-01-02 2008-07-10 Polyworks, Inc. Thermoformed cushioning material and method of making
US7552603B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2009-06-30 Dahlgren Footwear, Inc. Channeled moisture management sock
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US20140251338A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2014-09-11 Koninklijke Philips N.V. User interface device providing improved load distribution functionality background of the invention
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US20150223552A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-13 Adidas Ag Soccer Shoe
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