US4112773A - Ultrasonic particulate sensing - Google Patents
Ultrasonic particulate sensing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4112773A US4112773A US05/792,669 US79266977A US4112773A US 4112773 A US4112773 A US 4112773A US 79266977 A US79266977 A US 79266977A US 4112773 A US4112773 A US 4112773A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- transmitter
- receiver surface
- hole
- focal point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/32—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by the shape of the source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3626—Gas bubble detectors
Definitions
- This invention relates to obtaining information about matter discontinuities in flowing fluid streams.
- this invention relates to determining such things as the number and size of such discontinuities, for example microembolisms in blood flowing in a conduit.
- Pulse-echo ultrasonic search units are well known, particularly in nondestructive testing systems; bursts or pulses emitted by such units are detected when reflected back from discontinuities, such as inclusions, as disclosed in Automation Industries' McElroy U.S. Pat. No. 3,821,834, "Method of Making an Ultrasonic Search Unit", granted July 2, 1974. Pulse-echo ultrasonic search units have also been used to measure particles in liquid, as taught in the same company's McGaughey et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,269,172, "Apparatus for Measuring Particles in Liquids", granted Aug. 30, 1966.
- a concave transmitting surface arranged to transmit generally across a conduit, with a focal length of not over twice the distance across the conduit.
- a search unit working with a pulse transmitting surface continuous with a surface of the conduit directs transmission across the conduit.
- a flat-surfaced piezoelectric transmitter is coupled with a concave cylindrical lens, integral with the rest of the wall of a cylindrical conduit, to provide the transmitting surface, and the focal length is less than the diameter of the conduit.
- the invention is especially useful in evaluating very small particles or other discontinuities (e.g., bubbles in liquid) present in very small quantity. It has advantages of sensitivity, high field density, simplicity, and relative freedom from eddies and other turbulence.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the most preferred embodiment of the invention, with one of its crystals, and associated wire and potting, omitted.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view therethrough, at 2--2.
- FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of another embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a transparent methyl methacrylate blood-conducting unit 10 with end portions 12, 14 to cooperate with tubing.
- a polished cylindrical blood passage 16, 1/2 inches in diameter and 41/2inches in length, is defined by wall 18 and the end portions.
- Integral with wall 18 are two lenses 20 with cylindrically concave inner surfaces 22 (chosen to focus the field of sound F on a line inside passage 16 near the opposite wall 18 thereof) and planar upper surfaces 24.
- the latter are provided by a pair of blind grooves 26 cut into wall 18 to extend along centerlines longitudinally and radially thereof, said centerlines being along radii of the unit 10 displaced 90° from each other.
- the minimum lens thickness, defined by the separation between surfaces 22 and 24 along said centerlines, is 0.010 inch.
- each groove 26 Surrounding each groove 26 are three closely spaced rows of blind holes 36. These holes are 1 mm. in diameter, extend generally parallel to the walls of grooves 26, and do not extend into passage 16.
- the crystals may suitably be formed from round ceramic crystals sold by Keramos, Incorporated, 104 N. Church St., Lizton, Ind., under the trade designation K 81. These are preferably electrically connected in a pulser-receiver unit mounted in a reflectoscope sold by the aforementioned Automation Industries, of Shelter Rock Road, Danbury, Conn. (Model UM 771-B).
- FIG. 3 is shown a half annulus of methyl methacrylate; it is provided with one blind groove, a crystal, a lens, and a multiplicity of blind holes, all just as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- each crystal may as desired be energized to give a 5 megahertz output for two microseconds, to transmit through its associated lens an ultrasonic pulse of that duration. Any reflection received may be displayed on an oscilloscope portion of the reflectoscope.
- the shapes of the curves generated provide information about discontinuities in blood flowing through the passage. Thus number of peaks reflects number of particles and increased amplitude reflects increased particle size, particularly in situations in which only one particle is ordinarily within the field of focus (shaded, at F) at any given time.
- the reflectoscope oscilloscope permits visual observation giving useful information. Provision of the two pulse echo stations 90° apart facilitates determining further the shape of a particular particle. Holes 36 damp acoustic impulses passing in directions toward them.
- FIG. 3 is used in much the same way, except that in it the transmitting surface is not a part of the fluid conduit wall.
- This unit may be placed alongside (e.g.) a blood vessel to detect discontinuities flowing therein.
- the passage wall and lens may be made of material transparent to ultrasound but not to light.
- the crystal itself may be formed with a concave transmitting surface. Signal output may be taken to a computer programmed to print out information.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/792,669 US4112773A (en) | 1977-05-02 | 1977-05-02 | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
CA000302242A CA1121502A (en) | 1977-05-02 | 1978-04-28 | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/792,669 US4112773A (en) | 1977-05-02 | 1977-05-02 | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/931,478 Continuation US4237720A (en) | 1978-08-07 | 1978-08-07 | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4112773A true US4112773A (en) | 1978-09-12 |
Family
ID=25157670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/792,669 Expired - Lifetime US4112773A (en) | 1977-05-02 | 1977-05-02 | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4112773A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1121502A (en) |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4214484A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-07-29 | Rhode Island Hospital | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
US4217781A (en) * | 1979-04-18 | 1980-08-19 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
FR2483080A1 (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1981-11-27 | Micro Pure Systems Inc | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IDENTIFYING DISCONTINUITIES IN A FLOW |
US4319580A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-03-16 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Method for detecting air emboli in the blood in an intracorporeal blood vessel |
EP0050040A2 (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-21 | Purdue Research Foundation | A method and apparatus for the detection of impurities in a liquid such as blood |
US4354501A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-10-19 | Univ Washington | Esophageal catheter including ultrasonic transducer for use in detection of air emboli |
US4354500A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-10-19 | Univ Washington | System using ultrasonic energy for detection and quantification of air emboli |
US4354502A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-10-19 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Intravascular catheter including untrasonic transducer for use in detection and aspiration of air emboli |
US4365515A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-12-28 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sensing |
US4381674A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-05-03 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic detecting and identifying of particulates |
US4398424A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1983-08-16 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sensing |
US4448062A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1984-05-15 | Conoco Inc. | Method and apparatus for erosion detection and location in hydrocarbon production systems and the like |
US4527420A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1985-07-09 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
US4580444A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1986-04-08 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic determination of component concentrations in multi-component fluids |
US4608507A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-08-26 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Damping device for focused piezoelectric transducer |
US4665925A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1987-05-19 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Doppler catheter |
US4739662A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-04-26 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
US4771788A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-09-20 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Doppler tip wire guide |
US4787240A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1988-11-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Liquid measurement arrangement |
US4821558A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1989-04-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Ultrasonic detector |
US4889128A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1989-12-26 | Pfizer Hospital Products | Doppler catheter |
US5000663A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-03-19 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Automatic tubing lock for ultrasonic sensor interface |
US5043706A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1991-08-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method for detecting bubbles in a flowing fluid |
US5053747A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-10-01 | Pacesetter Infusion, Inc. | Ultrasonic air-in-line detector self-test technique |
US5064412A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-11-12 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Ultrasonic air-in-line detector for a medication infusion system |
US5126616A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1992-06-30 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Ultrasonic transducer electrical interface assembly |
US5176631A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1993-01-05 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Ultrasonic air-in-line detector for detecting entrained air in a medication infusion system |
US5177993A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-01-12 | Ivac Corporation | Air-in-line sensor |
WO1993015397A1 (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-08-05 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of air bubbles in tubing |
US5394732A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-07 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonic detection of air bubbles |
US6467331B1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2002-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Bubble measuring instrument and method |
US20060178581A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-08-10 | Africk Steven A | System and method for ultrasonic measuring of particle properties |
US20070000329A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Ultrasonic transducer |
US20070045188A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Ceeben Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic Material Removal System for Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Other Applications |
US8033157B2 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2011-10-11 | Baxter International Inc. | Medical fluid air bubble detection apparatus and method |
US20180369564A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | Kristin Rossodivito | System and method for detecting air embolisms in lines for hemodynamic monitoring |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3204458A (en) * | 1962-07-02 | 1965-09-07 | Gulton Ind Inc | Ultrasonic flowmeter |
US3898637A (en) * | 1973-07-27 | 1975-08-05 | Eugene B Wolstenholme | Detection means for gas entering human blood system from extra-corporeal tubing |
US3974681A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1976-08-17 | Jerry Namery | Ultrasonic bubble detector |
-
1977
- 1977-05-02 US US05/792,669 patent/US4112773A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-04-28 CA CA000302242A patent/CA1121502A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3204458A (en) * | 1962-07-02 | 1965-09-07 | Gulton Ind Inc | Ultrasonic flowmeter |
US3898637A (en) * | 1973-07-27 | 1975-08-05 | Eugene B Wolstenholme | Detection means for gas entering human blood system from extra-corporeal tubing |
US3974681A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1976-08-17 | Jerry Namery | Ultrasonic bubble detector |
Cited By (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4214484A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-07-29 | Rhode Island Hospital | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
US4217781A (en) * | 1979-04-18 | 1980-08-19 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
US4354502A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-10-19 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Intravascular catheter including untrasonic transducer for use in detection and aspiration of air emboli |
US4319580A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-03-16 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Method for detecting air emboli in the blood in an intracorporeal blood vessel |
US4354501A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-10-19 | Univ Washington | Esophageal catheter including ultrasonic transducer for use in detection of air emboli |
US4354500A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1982-10-19 | Univ Washington | System using ultrasonic energy for detection and quantification of air emboli |
FR2483080A1 (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1981-11-27 | Micro Pure Systems Inc | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IDENTIFYING DISCONTINUITIES IN A FLOW |
US4365515A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-12-28 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sensing |
EP0050040A2 (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-21 | Purdue Research Foundation | A method and apparatus for the detection of impurities in a liquid such as blood |
EP0050040A3 (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-05-12 | Purdue Research Foundation | A method and apparatus for the detection of impurities in a liquid such as blood |
US4398424A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1983-08-16 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sensing |
US4381674A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-05-03 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic detecting and identifying of particulates |
US4448062A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1984-05-15 | Conoco Inc. | Method and apparatus for erosion detection and location in hydrocarbon production systems and the like |
US4527420A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1985-07-09 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
FR2561393A1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1985-09-20 | Micro Pure Systems Inc | ULTRASONIC MACROPARTICLE SENSOR |
US4739662A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-04-26 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic particulate sensing |
US4580444A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1986-04-08 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic determination of component concentrations in multi-component fluids |
US4608507A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-08-26 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Damping device for focused piezoelectric transducer |
US4889128A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1989-12-26 | Pfizer Hospital Products | Doppler catheter |
US4665925A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1987-05-19 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Doppler catheter |
US4771788A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-09-20 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Doppler tip wire guide |
US4821558A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1989-04-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Ultrasonic detector |
US4944191A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1990-07-31 | Abbott Laboratories | Ultrasonic detector |
US4787240A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1988-11-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Liquid measurement arrangement |
US5126616A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1992-06-30 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Ultrasonic transducer electrical interface assembly |
US5053747A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-10-01 | Pacesetter Infusion, Inc. | Ultrasonic air-in-line detector self-test technique |
US5064412A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-11-12 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Ultrasonic air-in-line detector for a medication infusion system |
US5000663A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-03-19 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Automatic tubing lock for ultrasonic sensor interface |
US5176631A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1993-01-05 | Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. | Ultrasonic air-in-line detector for detecting entrained air in a medication infusion system |
US5043706A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1991-08-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method for detecting bubbles in a flowing fluid |
US5177993A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-01-12 | Ivac Corporation | Air-in-line sensor |
WO1993015397A1 (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-08-05 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of air bubbles in tubing |
EP0577812A1 (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1994-01-12 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of air bubbles in tubing |
US5394732A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-07 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonic detection of air bubbles |
US6467331B1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2002-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Bubble measuring instrument and method |
US7984642B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2011-07-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | System and method for ultrasonic measuring of particle properties |
US7543480B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2009-06-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | System and method for ultrasonic measuring of particle properties |
US20100031735A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2010-02-11 | Africk Steve A | System and method for ultrasonic measuring of particle properties |
US20060178581A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-08-10 | Africk Steven A | System and method for ultrasonic measuring of particle properties |
US20070000329A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Ultrasonic transducer |
US7188526B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2007-03-13 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Ultrasonic transducer |
US20070045188A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Ceeben Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic Material Removal System for Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Other Applications |
US7699799B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2010-04-20 | Ceeben Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic material removal system for cardiopulmonary bypass and other applications |
US20100160846A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2010-06-24 | Ceeben Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic Material Removal System For Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Other Applications |
US8033157B2 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2011-10-11 | Baxter International Inc. | Medical fluid air bubble detection apparatus and method |
US20180369564A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | Kristin Rossodivito | System and method for detecting air embolisms in lines for hemodynamic monitoring |
US11517734B2 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2022-12-06 | Kristin Rossodivito | System and method for detecting air embolisms in lines for hemodynamic monitoring |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1121502A (en) | 1982-04-06 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MICRO PURE SYSTEMS, INC., GREENVILLE, RI., A CORP Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OLD STONE BANK;REEL/FRAME:003843/0819 Effective date: 19810331 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MONITEK TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE, DELAWAR Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MICRO PURE SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005142/0422 Effective date: 19890913 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MONITEK TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MICRO PURE SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005178/0284 Effective date: 19890913 |