US404796A - Half to edward nicholson - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STAT-ns nrnNr Prion.

FREDERICK B. PETTENGILL, OF ROSEDALE, KANSAS, ASSIGN OR OF ONE- HALF TO EDVARD NICHOLSON, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM-VALVE GOVERNOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 404,796, dated June 4, 1889.

Application filed November 13, 1888. Serial No. 290,758. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK B. PETTEN- GILL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rosedale, in the county of Vyandotte, State of Kansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Valve Governors; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the saine, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the saine, reference being had to the aecoinpanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention has for its object to equalize the centrifugal speed of a governor and control automatically the speed of a driven shaft in such a manner that the amount of power required to rotate the shaft under varyin g resisting' loads shall be regulated in proportion.

My invention further consists in the novel construction and combination of' parts, which will be first fully described, and specificallyr pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in perspective, the governor mounted upon the steam-valve chamber of an engine and connected with the driven shaft, and showing the expanding pulley and the oscillating levers connected with the fly-balls and the adjustable bearing for the levers. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the fixed and rotary sleeves inclosing the valveoperating rod, and also of the expanding pulley, showing the flyballs and arms in alternate positions, and one of the arms of the balls broken away at its pivotal point, showing one of the bearings on the rotating sleeve of said arm. Fig. 3 is a detail end view of the pulley, supportingplate, and pulley, showing the radial dovetail retaining-slot in the plate and the radial dovetail tongue upon the quadrants of the pulley.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

In the construction of the governor as ordinarily applied to the engine a flat circular base-plate Ais made he proper size to t the upper circular flange of a valve-chamber B, to which flange it is secured by the bolts a a, the upper end portion of said chamber only being' ill u strated,which contains the ordinary steam-valve. Connected at one end with the valve-chamber B is shown a steam-pipe C, the opposite end leading to and being connected in the usual inanner with a steam-generating boiler.

In a vertical relation and in the center of the plate A is made a perforation a', which receives the valve-operating rod, which is operated as hereinafter described. To theperipherical portion of the plate A is connected the lower end of an arm D, which extends in the form of a goose-neck a short distance radially from the plate A, thence in an upwardly-curved plane, and the opposite end d bent in a horizontal position and extended to a point over plate A.. A circular flat plate d2, which is smaller in dimensions than the plate A, is attached at its periphery to the end portion d of the arm D, and said plate cl2 arranged in a horizontal position over plate A, so as to preserve the center of said plate cl2in a vertical line with the center of the circular plate A. Through the central portion of the plate d2 is made in a vertical relation a perforation d3, which is of the proper size to receive the lower end of a fixed sleeve E. Said sleeve E is rigidly attached to the circular plate cl2 and extends in a vertical relation a suitable height to permit the rotation and support the iiy-balls of the governor, the diameter of the opening e in said sleeve E being relatively the saine as that of the'perforation a in the plate A. Over the fixed sleeve E is then iitted loosely a rotating sleeve F, the lower end portion f of which rests upon the upper side portion of the plate d2, and the upper end of said sleeve F extends a corresponding distance in height to that of the sleeve E. Extending around the outer and upper end portion of the sleeve F is made a lateral fiange f', which extends a short distance from said sleeve. Upon the upper side portion of the flange f is secured rigidly the forked lugs or pivot-bearings f2 f3 for the 95 arms supporting the fly-balls, which bearings are placed directly opposite each other in the line drawn diametrically through the sleeve F, and which bearings are inclined at an angle to and in an outward direction from the IOO fiange f', and between each of the respective forked lugs f2 are formed the slots j" j", which are made in the direction of the diameter of sleeve F. Upon the flange f is also attached the forked lugs f4 f5, which are similar to the lugs f2 f3 and arranged upon said flange diametrically opposite each other in a like manner, and are placed in opposite relation to each other and each respective lug placed at equal distances from the lugs f2 fi on said flange f. In the sleeve E is then fitted loosely the valve-operating rod G, one end of which extends through the perforation a in the plate A into the valve-chamber B, and is connected to the stean1-valve in the ordinary manner. The upper end portion of the said rod G extends a short distance above the upper end portionof the fixed sleeve, or so far as is requisite for its operation. Upon the extreme upper end portion of the rod G is attached rigidly a circular fiat cap-plate g. A short distance below the cap-plate g is fitted rigidly to and around rod G t-he circular tlat plate g', which rests upon the upper end portion of the sleeve E, and also fits within the annular rabbct f", which is formed upon the upper end portion of the sleeve F, bet-ween the end of sleeve E and t-he flan ge. f

To the respective lugs f2 f" are attached the ball-carrying arms II. Il', which consist of straight rods of the proper lengt-h, upon the respective lower end portions of which are the balls Il2 Il, The elevating ends of the arms Il Il are attached rigidly to the upper ends of said arms and consist of fiat plates 71J 71, which are narrow in width and bent at right angles to the said arms II ll', and are placed in the slots fX of lthe lugs f2 f3 flatwise and inclined at an angle in the direction of the upper end of the sleeve E. A pivot 7L is then inserted in a transverse relation through the lugs f2 f3, and also through the portions 7L 7L of the arms Il II. From the pivotal point of connection of the portions 7L 7i of the arms II ll', with the lugs f2 f3 in the direction of the rod G, is made the extensions or loops 7b2 of said portion 7L 7L of arms Il Il', which extend from the horizontal direction of the portion 7L of said lugs in the direction of the rod G and contracted in width to fit loosely7 between the cap g and the circular plate g a suitable distance to elevate the rod G.

For the purpose of regulating automatically the action of the valvc-operatin g rod G a circular flan ge or plate f, of the relative proportions of the plate d2, is extended around the sleeve F and attached rigidly thereto a short distance above the plate (72. Extending around the sleeve F, and resting upon the plate f and attached rigidly to said sleeve, is a flat circular plate I, which is of the proper size to support the expanding pulley hereinafter described.

Extending through the plate I and radially to the sleeve F,from a point a short distance from said sleeve to the periphery of the plate I, are made a suitable numberof wedge-formed slots f/I, corresponding to the number of lugs on the flange f on the sleeve F and intersecting with a vertical line extended through said lugs and said plate I. An expanding pulley K is then made to extend around sleeve F, which is divided radially into separate parts or quadrants 7.", 7.; 7o' 7a and corresponding in number to that of the lugs on f', or, shown in the drawings, to thelugsfzfj'tf, The respective upper and lower sides 7a2 7c of the quadrants of the pulley are made smooth, and are placed horizontally upon the plate I. Upon the under side portion 7.1i" of eachv quadrant, at a point equally distant from the dividing-line of each quadrant, is madearadial tongue 71:", dovetailed inward from their upper edge, which extends through the radial slot/Ll inthe plate I, and iitted within said slot so as to slide freely on the plate I in the direction of the sleeve F. In each quadrant of the pulley, in a vertical line with the tongues 71:, is made a recess 7n", which slight-ly elongated radially to the sleeve F, and extends a portion of the distance through said quadrant. A peripheral groove 7s is then made around the pulley K and an equal depth :in each quadrant. Around the sleeve F is fitted a vertically-adinstable loose collar Il, and through said collar is inserted an adjustable screw 7, which impinges upon the sleeve F and secures the said collar adjustably in position. 'llo the collar L is secured rigidly the forked lugs 7, Z 7 7', which extend horizontally from the collar L and radially in relation to sleeve F, and are arranged in a vertical line with the lugs fzfiifl To the under side of the portion 7i of each one of the arms 'Il II', and tangentially to the pivot 7L', is attached a depending` lug 7i?, which extends from the said plate 71. relatively in position between the pivot 71, and the lip 7b2. To operate the movable quadrants 7D ot the pulley K, an equal number of flat bars or levers M are made of' the required length to extend from the lug h3 on the rcspective portions 7L of the ball-carrying arms H H to the quadrants 7;. of the pulley and within the recess 7i:5 of said quadrants, which bars are first placed between the forked portions of lugs 7. The upper end portion met each bar is then pi votally at taehed to the sides of said lug 71,3 and the lower end portion pivoted with a knob m', which decreases the friction in the recess.

Through each of the bars M is made the longitudinal slot m2, which extends from a central point between the opposite ends of the said bar M a short distance to permit oscillation. In a transverse relation to and through lug l, and extending through the slot m in the bars M, is inserted a pivot mf. Between the radial forked lugs 7', which are upon the collar Il, beneath the lugs f4 f5, the bars M are similarly arranged, and for the purpose of operating said bars M conjointly with the bars which are connected with the ball-carrying arms II II a portion of the plate 7L is provided with thc lip 71.2, and depending lug 71,3 is

pivoted to and between the forked portions of the lugs f4 f5, and the said lip h2 extended between the cap g on the rod G, so that when the rod G is elevated or depressed in the centrifugal movement of the iiy-balls the said portions of the plates and lip connected with similar oscillating bars part-ake of the same movement as is given to the lips upon the ball-earryin g arms. Upon the upper end side of the base-plate A of the governor, near its outer (dge in a line transversely related to the curved arm D, is attached a vibrating` band-tightening arm N. One end n of said arm N is pivoted with forked end'portions n n', which are perforated in one direction and receive a vertical pin n2, which pin extends within and is secured rigidly to plate A. Between the forked ends n n of the arm N and around the pin n2 is coiled a spiral spring n3, one terminal end of which spring is secured to one of the lugs n and the opposite terminal end extended in the line of direction of and against the side of the arm N. The opposite vibrating end rif of the arm N is bent in an upwardly-curved direction in the horizontal plane of the pulley K, and upon said end is attached rigidly in a horizontal position a short cross-bar n. Upon the opposite ends and upper side portion of the bar n is pivotally attached the horizontal grooved sheaves nl as. Around the driven shaft O is placed a grooved collar o, which is rigidly attached to said shaft. Around the pulley K on the governor N is then placed one end of an endless band P, the opposite end of which band is carried outside of and over pulley a7 on the belt-tightening arm N, and thence over the collar o on the shaft O, thence over thesheave 07,8 on the belt-tightenin g arm N, and over the portion of said sheave opposite sheave nl, and thence connected With the opposite en d of the band on the pulley K. The arm N is then vibrated to a position parallel with shaft O, and the end of spring n4 on the side of the said arm preserves the belt constantly under tension.

In the operation of the governor the pulley and outer sleeve and attached fly-balls are driven from the shaft O and the balls fly out from the center by centrifugal force. Vhen the speed of the shaft O increases, the balls y farther from the center, and so lower the valve -operating rod, and they reduce the opening of the regulating-valve, which is connected with said rod. Steam being admitted to the steam-chamber B through the pipe C, the power imparted to the engine to drive shaft O communicates a rotary movement to the expanding-pulley K on the governor. The position of the iiy-balls H H', as seen in Fig. 1, is normally at rest, and in this position the upper ends of the oscillating bars or levers M are carried in the direction of the sleeve F and the lower ends projected outwardly, thus throwing the separate quadrants of the pulley widely apart and increasing the circumference of the pulley,

keach segment being prevented fiozn canting tion, increases the speed proportionally and is communicated to the pulley K, and the balls H H l y from the center and widen their distance apart, and the movements of the bar .M are such as to throw thelower ends toward the sleeve F and draw the separate quadrants or sections of the pulley together, thus reduc- .ing the circumference of the pulley, the balls vand valve-opening rod taking the position seen in Fig. 2, and thus closing the valve sufficiently in the valvechamber B to decrease the force of the steam, the size of the pulley, and the degree of rotation of shaft Oto its normal speed.

The regulation of the governor is as follows:

The speed of the driven shaft O in the normal position of the governor at rest is such as to communicate a moderate een trifugal move-` ment to the fly balls or weights, the pulley upon the governor is expanded to its full eX- tent, and the degree of expansion is subject to the oscillation of the connecting-bars and lthe rotation of the ily-balls. Consequently the steam admitted to the steam-valve chamber is when the balls are at rest unchecked. As the speed of the shaft increases from its mean velocity the fly-balls describe a wider circle A of rotation, the accelerated speed which the shaft has received is communicated to the pulley, Which is accelerated in proportion to its diminution circumferentially, and the flyballs moved farther apart to a point in Which the steam is cut off sufficiently to reduce the speed of the driven shaft to a mean velocity. Inversely the reduction of the speed of the driven shaft from a mean velocity is communicatedto the pulley upon the governor, and as the momentum of the shaft is reduced the fly-balls contract their circle of rotation, and the pulley expands proportionally and its speed gradually reduced until the necessary increase of steam is permitted to meet the resistance of the shaft. Vhen the shaft is loaded and the resistance of the driven shaft is occasioned thereby, the momentum of the engine is slightly disturbed, the decreased revolutions of the shaft act directly upon t-he pulley and its speed reduced in proportion, the ily-balls take a contracted circle of rotation, and the expansion of the pulley follows, which further reduces the speed in the same IOO IIO

IZO

rate in which the resistance of the load degines of various degrees of power, the collar L is raised or lowered, as the case may be, which relatively lengthens or shortens the leverage of the oscillating bars M, and the dimensions of the periphery of the pulley are consequently increased or decreased norm ally and its regulation then eifected automatically, as before.

Having fully described my invention, what I now claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Paten t, is-

l. In a centrifugal governor having fly- Weights and a rotating sleeve, the combination, with said sleeve and Weights, of a fixed plate, and an alternately expanding and contracting pulley having its sections niovably keyed on said plate, and levers connected with said fly-Weights and the sections of said pulley, substantially as described.

2. In a centrifugal governor having fly- Weights, and alternately expanding and contracting pulley, and oscillatingbars connected with said pulley and said weights, for the purpose described.

3. In a centrifugal governor having fly Weights and arms, the combination, with said arms, of a pulley consisting of movable sections, and oscillating bars connected with said arms and said sections and radially adjustable, as and for the purpose described.

4. In a centrifugal governor having a rotary sleeve and iiy arms on said sleeve adapted to support the ii rv-Weights the combination, with said arms and sleeve, of a pulley consisting of movable sections, oscillating bars connected with said arms and said sections, and an adjustable collar upon said sleeve having lugs pivotally connected with said bars, for the purpose described.

5. In a centrifugal governor, the combina- 4o tion, with the rotating sleeve, of fly-weights, a radial supporting-plate, and a pulley having alternately expanding and contracting sections, and a recess in each section, radial lugs on said sleeve, and oscillating bars con-J nected with said ily-Weights and pivotally connected with said lugs, having an anti-friction end portion adapted to enter said recess in said section, for the purpose described.

6. In speed-regulating mechanism for cn- 5o gines, a governor having fly-Weights, an alternately expanding and contracting pulley on said governor having movable sections, a driven-` shaft, a power-conveying belt connected with the sections of said pulley and said shaft, and levers connected with the sections of said pulley and saidl ily-Weights, for the purpose described.

7. In speed-regulating mechanism for engines, the combination of a governor having 6o iiy- Weights, and an alternately expanding and contracting pulley having movable sections, levers connected with said sections and said fly-Weights, a driven shaft, a power-conveying belt connected with the sections of said pulley and said shaft, and a self-acting belt -adjusting arm adapted to adjust the alignment of and tension of said belt,`as described.

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