US3918459A - Constant current electrotherapy device with plug-in current control means - Google Patents
Constant current electrotherapy device with plug-in current control means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3918459A US3918459A US433923A US43392374A US3918459A US 3918459 A US3918459 A US 3918459A US 433923 A US433923 A US 433923A US 43392374 A US43392374 A US 43392374A US 3918459 A US3918459 A US 3918459A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- patient
- direct current
- battery
- transistor
- current
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/08—Arrangements or circuits for monitoring, protecting, controlling or indicating
- A61N2001/083—Monitoring integrity of contacts, e.g. by impedance measurement
Definitions
- the device hav- 471F 1 D ing a simple tamper-proof arrangement to prevent the patient or other uninformed persons from changing [56 R f Ct d the intensity of the prescribed current. and an alarm 1 e erences l e to indicate an improper patient connection, or defec- UNITED STATES PATENTS tive batter ⁇ ; 3,107,672 10/1963 Hofmann... 128/405 3,180,338 4/1965 Moss et a1 128/422 4 Clams 2 'g U.S. Patent Nov.
- the present invention relates to apparatus for the treatment of skin ulcers with a low intensity direct current to accelerate healing. More particularly, the present invention relates to such device having a relatively tamper-proof switching arrangement, for changing the intensity of the current.
- Electrotherapy devices and techniques for accelerating the healing of skin lesions and ulcers are known.
- electrotherapy technique involving the application of low intensity direct current through electrodes attached to the area adjacent the lesion.
- the devices in use to apply such a low intensity direct current are fairly large, cumbersome, and not easily transportable because of their size and weight.
- the switching mechanism used in such devices for varying the current flow is also a problem area. Regulation of current flow is important in that tests have shown that healing is promoted and the ulcer is kept dry when a proper amount of current is applied. Too much current results in the ulcer bleeding, and too little current results in secretion of serous fluid from the ulcer.
- One common way of switching to provide the proper current is to have a simple stepping switch, or variable rheostat, to changethe value of the resistance in series with the patient. With such an arrangement, however, the patient himself or some uninformed person could intentionally or accidentally move the switch so as to change the prescribed current value. Any increase or decrease from the prescribed proper value, that is one which maintains the ulcer in a substantially dry condition, will cause the wound to either bleed, or secrete serous fluid as set out above, and will not promote healing.
- the device of the present invention is relatively small, compact, and the current setting is patient safe, in that there is no switch or dial which can be manipulated by the patient to change the current.
- the device also incorporates a sensing portion which sounds an alarm whenever the electrode attaching the device to the patient is improperly applied, or the voltage of the battery powering the device drops below an acceptable level.
- the present invention may be characterized in one aspect thereof by the provision of a battery-powered device, capable of producing a low intensity direct current within a range suitable for electrotherapy of skin ulcers and the like.
- a cable having a pair of electrodes for delivering a prescribed current to the patient is plugged into the device, the cables placing a known resistance in series with the patient current. wherein varying the level of the current is accomplished by changing cables.
- Incorporated into the device is a circuit portion which sounds an alarm whenever the voltage across the patient and cable resistor is about one volt of the battery voltage.
- One object of the present invention is to provide a low-intensity direct current electrotherapy device wherein the output of the device is not changeable by the patient.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-intensity, direct current electrotherapy device havig a selection of output ranges, wherein the means for changing the output is patient safe.
- a further object ofthe present invention is to provide a low-intensity, direct current electrotherapy device having a self-contained alarm system which sounds when the output of the battery powering the device falls below a desired level or when the resistance between electrodes is excessive.
- a still further object of the present invention is to provide a low-intensity, direct current electrotherapy device which is relatively small. lightweight, batterypowered, and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
- a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a low-intensity direct current electrotherapy device having easily replaceable cables, wherein each cable includes a resistor of known value, the changing of cables comprising means for changing the current output of the device.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the low intensity direct current device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic of the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shown the device generally indicated at 10. Also shown is a recharger 12 for recharging the battery in device 10. The recharger itself forms no part of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a socket 14 on the device to which is releasably attached the plug 16 of cable '18.
- the cable terminates in two electrodes, 20, 22, which are attached to the patient adjacent the ulcer or lesion for purposes of delivering a low intensity direct current to the patient.
- FIG. 2 shows the low intensity direct current circuit.
- the circuit has generally three portions, a sensor portion 24 enclosed in dotted line; and alarm portion 26 which is generally that portion of the circuit to the right of the sensor; and a working portion 28 for supplying a constant flow intensity direct current to the patient, this circuit portion being shown to the left of sensor 24.
- the main power source for operating the device is a battery 30, which in the embodiment shown is preferably a 9 v. battery.
- socket 14 has three terminals. 32, 34 and 36; terminal 36 represents common.
- terminal 34 is a reference terminal, and terminal 32 is the patient terminal.
- Terminals 32 and 34 are connected to the patient schematically shown at 38 via cable 18, its 3-prong plug 16 and electrodes 20. 22.
- the electrodes are attached to the patient in a manner well known in the art to ensure the flow of current to the patient adjacent the ulcer to be treated.
- resistor R2 incorporated into the plug. or cable, is connected across reference terminal 34 and common terminal 36 for purposes set out hereinbelow.
- the operating portion 28 of the circuit which is connected to terminals 32, 34 and 36, includes a resistor R1, a PNP transistor T1, at NPN transistor T2, a diode 40 and a biasing battery 42, the biasing battery of the preferred embodiment being approximately 1.35 volts.
- This voltage. plus the voltage drop across diode 40 is sufficient to provide a bias of 1.6 volts on the base of transistor T2, to cause the transistor to conduct when plug 16 in inserted into socket l4, and the emitter circuit of transistor T2 is completed through reference terminal 34, resistor R2 and common terminal 36.
- the flow of the emitter current from transistor T2 placed a sufficient bias on the base of transistor T1 to start the flow of collector current from the transistor when the electrodes are attached to the patient.
- the patient is in the collector circuit of transistor T1, the circuit including patient terminal 32, electrode 20, electrode 22, resistance R2 and common terminal 36.
- R2 can be used to effectively control the amount of current delivered to the patient in that any increase or decrease in the value of R2 will be reflected as a decrease or increase respectively in the low intensity direct current output or patient current.
- resistance R2 is incorporated into cable 18.
- resistance R2 can be located in the plug poriton 16, so as to be connected across reference terminal 34 and common terminal 36 when the plug and socket are connected. If several cables 18 are employed, each having a different value of resistance R2, it should be appreciated that each separate lead can be made to correspond to a desired current flow, and switching of current values can be accomplished by switching cables. With such an arrangement, the patient or un-informed person cannot change the current being applied to the pa- 4 tient. as in the case of having the current varied by a stepping switch or rhcostat on the device.
- changing of the current can only be accomplished by changing cables, that is unplugging plug 16 from socket 14 and removing the electrodes from the patient. substituting a new cable and attaching its electrodes to the patient
- the present invention contemplates the use of four such cables. wherein resistance R2 for each cable has a value of about 1500,1000, 3.000 or 6.200 ohms in order to provide currents respectively of 800, 600. 400 and 200 microamperes.
- the physician selects any one of the cables and observes the ulcer for bleeding or weeping of serous fluid. If there is no bleeding or weeping, the cable which has been selected remains with electrodes attached to the patient throughout the period of treatment. If either bleeding or weeping is observed, the cable initially selected would be replaced by a one providing respectively a lesser or greater amount of current flow. This procedure would be repeated until a cable 18 is selected which delivers the proper amount of current.
- the voltage between patient terminal 32 and common terminal 36 is a function of transistor T1 collector current and the sum of the patient impedance and R2. This voltage drop is impressed upon the base of a PNP transistor T3 in the sensor portion of the circuit.
- the emitter of this transistor is connected to the positive terminal of battery 30, and therefore the emitter voltage is the same as the battery voltage.
- the sensor portion 24 ofthe circuit is arranged so that when the emitter voltage of transistor T3 drops to within less than 1 volt of the voltage on the base of the transistor, the transistor will begin conducting, which results in the sounding of an alarm 44 in the alarm portion 26 of the circuit.
- the sounding of alarm 44 indicates that the voltage of battery 30 has fallen to the point where it is within one volt of the transistor T1 collector voltage, that is the voltage drop between patient terminal 32 and common 36. This in turn indicates that battery 30 has decayed to a point where a replacement of the battery or recharge is desirable.
- the sounding of alarm 44 may indicate that there is an improper connection of electrodes 20, 22 to the patient. Such an improper connection would produce a relatively large voltage drop between patient terminal 32 and common terminal 36, and this also would result in a firing of transistor T3.
- the present invention accomplishes its intended objects in providing low intensity direct current apparatus suitable for electrotherapy having a patient safe switch" for setting the amount of current programmed into the patient.
- the amount of current can only be changed by unplugging cable 18, disconnecting electrodes 20, 22 from the patient, and then connecting a new cable to the device and new electrodes to the patient.
- the danger of having a manually operated step switch or rheostat for varying the current is eliminated.
- having a sensor portion of the circuit programmed to sound an alarm whenever the voltage drop across the patient is within one volt of the battery powering the circuit ensures that an improper electrode attachment to the patient or weak battery will be quickly detected, thereby reducing any danger of injury to the patient and increasing the effectiveness of the electrotherapy treatment.
- a low intensity direct current device for electrotherapy uses comprising:
- an electrical circuit means for producing a constant direct current of a predetermined value within a range of currents which promotes healing when passed through tissue containing a skin lesion, said circuit means having a pair of output terminals;
- a cable for conducting the direct current produced by said circuit means to a patient said cable having a socket at one end for connection to said terminals 6 and a pair of electrodes at its other end for attachment to a patient;
- said circuit means having a sensor portion and electrically connected to at least one of said terminals and said battery, for comparing the voltage across said terminals to said battery voltage;
- said circuit means having an alarm actuated by said sensor portion when the voltage across said terminals is within about one volt of said battery voltagev 2.
- said sensor portion includes a transistor having its emitter electrically connected to said battery. its base electrically connected to one of said terminals. and its collector electrically connected to said alarm. said alarm being electrically connected to said battery the flow ofeollector current of said transistor being initiated when the voltage on the base thereof is within one volt of the emitter voltage. the flow of collector current resulting in the sounding of said alarm.
- a first transistor means functioning as a constant direct current source and connected to a first terminal of said two terminals and said battery for delivering a constant direct current through said first terminal and said cable to said patient. said direct current returning through said cable and the second terminal;
- a resistor electrically connected to said second tranistor means for determining the bias level of said first transistor means and thereby the level of said constant direct current.
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
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US433923A US3918459A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1974-01-16 | Constant current electrotherapy device with plug-in current control means |
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US24484372A | 1972-04-17 | 1972-04-17 | |
US433923A US3918459A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1974-01-16 | Constant current electrotherapy device with plug-in current control means |
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US3918459A true US3918459A (en) | 1975-11-11 |
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Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4019510A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1977-04-26 | Sybron Corporation | Therapeutic method of using low intensity direct current generator with polarity reversal |
US4141359A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1979-02-27 | University Of Utah | Epidermal iontophoresis device |
US4142521A (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1979-03-06 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Electrostatic soft tissue wound repair enhancement |
US4153060A (en) * | 1978-03-15 | 1979-05-08 | University Of Pennsylvania | Method and apparatus for electrically enhanced bone growth and tooth movement |
US4233965A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1980-11-18 | Cas Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the therapeutic treatment of living tissue |
EP0086550A1 (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1983-08-24 | Sutter Biomedical Inc, | A portable, continuously self-monitoring bone healing device and method |
US4528265A (en) * | 1982-05-11 | 1985-07-09 | Becker Robert O | Processes and products involving cell modification |
WO1985003234A1 (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1985-08-01 | Kristensen Joern | An apparatus for treating scars |
US4630615A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-12-23 | Cordis Corporation | Apparatus for measuring impedance |
US4662884A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1987-05-05 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Prostheses and methods for promoting nerve regeneration |
US4778467A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1988-10-18 | The University Of Utah | Prostheses and methods for promoting nerve regeneration and for inhibiting the formation of neuromas |
US4790319A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1988-12-13 | Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze | Stimulator for hemodialysis |
US4846181A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-07-11 | Staodynamics, Inc. | Soft tissue wound healing therapy utilizing pulsed electrical stimulation |
WO1998040121A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-09-17 | Microleve International Ltd. | Apparatus for administering microcurrent electrotherapy |
US6454754B1 (en) | 1998-10-29 | 2002-09-24 | Steven R. Frank | Respiratory infection treatment device |
US6631294B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2003-10-07 | Biofisica, Llc | Apparatus and methods for facilitating wound healing |
US20030216794A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-11-20 | Hans Becker | Therapeutic electrolysis device |
US6738662B1 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2004-05-18 | Steven R. Frank | Electrolytic substance infusion device |
US20040167589A1 (en) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-08-26 | Chester Heath | Viral-inhibiting apparatus and methods |
BE1015885A5 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2005-11-08 | Medtronic Inc | Pacer neurologic experiment and method of therapy driver diagnosis. |
US20090048504A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Biofisica Inc. | Medical electrode systems and methods |
US20090048651A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Biofisica Inc. | Medical electrode systems and methods |
US20110054572A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-03-03 | A Major Difference, Inc. | Therapeutic electrolysis device with replaceable ionizer unit |
US8140165B2 (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2012-03-20 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Independent protection system for an electrical muscle stimulation apparatus and method of using same |
US8620438B1 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2013-12-31 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
US8958883B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2015-02-17 | Pierre-Yves Mueller | Electrical stimulation device and method for therapeutic treatment and pain management |
US9607182B1 (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2017-03-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Universal emergency power-off switch security device |
US20180050201A1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Pui Ling TAM | Non-invasive device and method for stimulating vulvar tissues and pelvic floor muscles for treating and improving dysfunction or disorders and probe unit used therefor |
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US3107672A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1963-10-22 | Ewald Rose | Electrical apparatus for cosmetic treatment of the skin |
US3180338A (en) * | 1961-01-06 | 1965-04-27 | Relaxacizor Inc | Electronic muscle stimulator |
US3612041A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1971-10-12 | Us Army | Apparatus for detecting ventricular fibrillation |
US3720199A (en) * | 1971-05-14 | 1973-03-13 | Avco Corp | Safety connector for balloon pump |
US3756245A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1973-09-04 | American Optical Corp | Heartbeat stimulating apparatus including means for calibrating its power supply |
US3769986A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1973-11-06 | Esb Inc | Body organ threshold analyzer |
US3807411A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1974-04-30 | Concept | External cardiac pacer with separable generating and power-probe units |
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Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3107672A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1963-10-22 | Ewald Rose | Electrical apparatus for cosmetic treatment of the skin |
US3180338A (en) * | 1961-01-06 | 1965-04-27 | Relaxacizor Inc | Electronic muscle stimulator |
US3612041A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1971-10-12 | Us Army | Apparatus for detecting ventricular fibrillation |
US3769986A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1973-11-06 | Esb Inc | Body organ threshold analyzer |
US3720199A (en) * | 1971-05-14 | 1973-03-13 | Avco Corp | Safety connector for balloon pump |
US3756245A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1973-09-04 | American Optical Corp | Heartbeat stimulating apparatus including means for calibrating its power supply |
US3807411A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1974-04-30 | Concept | External cardiac pacer with separable generating and power-probe units |
Cited By (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4019510A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1977-04-26 | Sybron Corporation | Therapeutic method of using low intensity direct current generator with polarity reversal |
US4141359A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1979-02-27 | University Of Utah | Epidermal iontophoresis device |
US4142521A (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1979-03-06 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Electrostatic soft tissue wound repair enhancement |
US4233965A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1980-11-18 | Cas Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the therapeutic treatment of living tissue |
US4153060A (en) * | 1978-03-15 | 1979-05-08 | University Of Pennsylvania | Method and apparatus for electrically enhanced bone growth and tooth movement |
US4790319A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1988-12-13 | Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze | Stimulator for hemodialysis |
EP0086550A1 (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1983-08-24 | Sutter Biomedical Inc, | A portable, continuously self-monitoring bone healing device and method |
US4528265A (en) * | 1982-05-11 | 1985-07-09 | Becker Robert O | Processes and products involving cell modification |
WO1985003234A1 (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1985-08-01 | Kristensen Joern | An apparatus for treating scars |
US4662884A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1987-05-05 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Prostheses and methods for promoting nerve regeneration |
US4778467A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1988-10-18 | The University Of Utah | Prostheses and methods for promoting nerve regeneration and for inhibiting the formation of neuromas |
US4630615A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-12-23 | Cordis Corporation | Apparatus for measuring impedance |
US4846181A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-07-11 | Staodynamics, Inc. | Soft tissue wound healing therapy utilizing pulsed electrical stimulation |
WO1998040121A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-09-17 | Microleve International Ltd. | Apparatus for administering microcurrent electrotherapy |
US6454754B1 (en) | 1998-10-29 | 2002-09-24 | Steven R. Frank | Respiratory infection treatment device |
US6500165B1 (en) | 1998-10-29 | 2002-12-31 | Steven R. Frank | Active antisepsis device |
BE1015885A5 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2005-11-08 | Medtronic Inc | Pacer neurologic experiment and method of therapy driver diagnosis. |
US6738662B1 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2004-05-18 | Steven R. Frank | Electrolytic substance infusion device |
US6631294B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2003-10-07 | Biofisica, Llc | Apparatus and methods for facilitating wound healing |
US20040015223A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-01-22 | Biofisica, Llc. | Apparatus and methods for facilitating wound healing |
US6907294B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2005-06-14 | Biofisica, Llc | Apparatus and methods for facilitating wound healing |
US20030216794A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-11-20 | Hans Becker | Therapeutic electrolysis device |
US20070089981A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-04-26 | Robert E. Moroney, Llc | Therapeutic electrolysis device |
US7160434B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2007-01-09 | Robert E. Moroney, Llc | Therapeutic electrolysis device |
US20040167589A1 (en) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-08-26 | Chester Heath | Viral-inhibiting apparatus and methods |
US20070073372A1 (en) * | 2003-02-22 | 2007-03-29 | Chester Heath | Viral-inhibiting apparatus and methods |
US9808619B2 (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2017-11-07 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Independent protection system for an electrical muscle stimulation apparatus and method of using same |
US8140165B2 (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2012-03-20 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Independent protection system for an electrical muscle stimulation apparatus and method of using same |
US8958883B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2015-02-17 | Pierre-Yves Mueller | Electrical stimulation device and method for therapeutic treatment and pain management |
US10328260B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2019-06-25 | Djo, Llc | Electrical stimulation device and method for therapeutic treatment and pain management |
US9669212B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2017-06-06 | Djo, Llc | Electrical stimulation device and method for therapeutic treatment and pain management |
US9669211B2 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2017-06-06 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
US9352151B2 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2016-05-31 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
US8620438B1 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2013-12-31 | Encore Medical Asset Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
US20090048651A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Biofisica Inc. | Medical electrode systems and methods |
US20090048504A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Biofisica Inc. | Medical electrode systems and methods |
US20110054572A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-03-03 | A Major Difference, Inc. | Therapeutic electrolysis device with replaceable ionizer unit |
US9665741B1 (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2017-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Universal emergency power-off switch security device |
US9607182B1 (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2017-03-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Universal emergency power-off switch security device |
US20180050201A1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Pui Ling TAM | Non-invasive device and method for stimulating vulvar tissues and pelvic floor muscles for treating and improving dysfunction or disorders and probe unit used therefor |
US10835745B2 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | Pui Ling TAM | Non-invasive device and method for stimulating vulvar tissues and pelvic floor muscles for treating and improving dysfunction or disorders and probe unit used therefor |
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