US3913201A - Bonded material for electrical contact pieces - Google Patents

Bonded material for electrical contact pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3913201A
US3913201A US365842A US36584273A US3913201A US 3913201 A US3913201 A US 3913201A US 365842 A US365842 A US 365842A US 36584273 A US36584273 A US 36584273A US 3913201 A US3913201 A US 3913201A
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Prior art keywords
contact pieces
bonded
electrical contact
silver
weight
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Expired - Lifetime
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US365842A
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Horst Schreiner
Rudolf Scherbaum
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority claimed from DE19681758610 external-priority patent/DE1758610B1/en
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Priority to US365842A priority Critical patent/US3913201A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles

Definitions

  • AgNi l and AgCdO are frequently used as bonded or compound material for electrical contact pieces. These contact pieces cannot completely prevent the welding of the contact pieces, particularly in short-circuit switching conditions, during the switching-on and switching-off of short circuits. In the case of automatic switches or power-protection switches, this fact can lead to disturbances of the operation or to failure of the apparatus.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a compound or bonded material, which is particularly suitable for electrical contact pieces and which does not entail the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • the bonded material, according to the invention is comprised of silver as the original metal, into which from 0.5 to 20% by weight of at least one finely divided metal oxide and from 3 to by weight of finely divided lead, preferably between 3 and 10% by weight, are uniformly embedded.
  • Electrical contact pieces comprised of bonded material of the present invention comply with all switching requirements for the most minute automatic switches, without welding of the contact pieces. In addition to the small welding property associated with switches during short circuits, particular mention should be made with regard to the small contact burn-off under rated current, and the relatively low contact resistance as well as the slight contact heating, caused thereby.
  • Particularly suitable metal oxides are, for example, CdO, SnO ZnO, MgO or NiO.
  • One or several of the metal oxides can be embedded, in fine distribution, along with the lead, in the original silver metal.
  • Especially favorable were found to be electrical contact pieces comprised of combinations AgCdO l0 Pb 5; Ag- SnO 6 Pb 5; AgMgO I MO 1 Pb 10, whereby the numbers relate to by weight.
  • the numbers used with other materials in the specification have the same meaning.
  • the metal oxide component of the bonded material of the invention the preferred range for CdO, SnO, and ZnO is 5% to 15% by weight, and for MgO and M0 is 0.05% to 2% by weight.
  • the AgMeO powder wherein Me represents a metal such as Cd, Mg, etc.
  • Me represents a metal such as Cd, Mg, etc.
  • the bonded powder is virtually blended with a lead powder 60 um and the powder mixture is condensed, by pressing, into a compressed body with stable edges.
  • the precipitation mixture e.g., of AgCdO bonded powder, can be obtained from an aqueous solution of the nitrates, with NaOl-l, by precipitating the hydroxides with NaOH and thereafter thermally dissociating the hydroxides in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the silver-metal oxide bonded powder (e.g., AgCdO I0 powder) can be produced through a mechanical break-up of the melt of AgMe (e.g., AgCd 9 alloy), which can result from blowing apart or from a mechanical reduction of falling molten stream (centrifugal powder or pressure atomizer powder).
  • AgMe e.g., AgCd 9 alloy
  • centrifugal powder or pressure atomizer powder e.g., AgCdO 10
  • the bonded powder is mixed with lead powder 60 um and the mixture is con densed, by pressing, into a compressed body with stable edges.
  • the rest of the method is the same in all cases.
  • the compressed body is sintered in a neutral atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) and is stabilized thereby.
  • the sintered, formed contact body can be calibrated by subsequent cold pressing and be further compressed thereby.
  • AgCdOPb was formed from a starting material consisting of a powder mixture of AgCdO 10% by weight and Pb 5% by weight.
  • the powder mixture was compressed at a pressure of 6 tons/cm.
  • the compressed mixture was sintered at a temperature of 650C in a nitrogen atmosphere for a period of 30 minutes.
  • the resulting density was 8.5 to 8.9 g/cm", corresponding to a degree of volumetric filling of 0.830 to 0.868.
  • the sintered body had from 15 to 17% pores.
  • the sintered body attained a theoretical density of 10.25 g/cm.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are micrographs of the structure of the bonded or compound material AgCdOPb respectively at magnifications of 500 l, 200 I and 1.
  • FIG. 1 metallographically an example of the bonded or compound material of the invention.
  • the silver matrix of the material AgCdOPb appears white, while the discrete lead inclusions are shown as finely divided black particles, and the metal oxide, CdO, is gray as well as linear in appearance. From FIGS. 2 and 3 of lesser magnification it is plainly apparent that the lead and the CdO are substantially uniformly distributed over the entire cross section containing the matrix of Ag.
  • a particular advantage of the contact pieces according to the present invention is in the coating of the conventional carrier metals. While, for example, contact pieces comprised of AgCdO 10 must be plated, be cause of their poor wettability, with a layer of a good solderable metal, the AgCdO Pb (AgMeO Pb) appears to have, even as a one-layer contact piece, during its hard soldering upon a conventional carrier metal, such as copper, brass, bronze, CuBe, etc., an ongoing wetting through the hard solder and, therefore, excellent soldering characteristics. The good wettability during hard soldering, which can be effected for example at 615C, is ensured by the uniformly distributed lead.
  • a conventional carrier metal such as copper, brass, bronze, CuBe, etc.
  • the hard soldering can also be effected, e.g., with silfos solder (a phosphorus-containing silver hard solder).
  • Contact pieces which are in a sintered state, are also suitable for hard soldering upon the carrier metal. The final condensation into the virtually pore-free contact pieces results during the soldering process, on a weldformly embedded in said silver.

Abstract

Bonded or compound material for electrical contact pieces, consisting of silver as an original metal with up to 20% by weight of at least one finely divided metal oxide, such as CdO, SnO2, ZnO, MgO and/or NiO, and up to 15% by weight of finely divided lead.

Description

United States Patent 11 1 Schreiner et al.
1 1 Oct. 21,1975
1 1 BONDED MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT PIECES [751 Inventors: Horst Schreiner, Nuremberg; Rudolf Scherbaum, Regenshurg, both of Germany [73] Assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich, Germany [22] Filed: June 1, 1973 [21] Appl.No.:365,842
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser, No. 839,050, July 3,
1969, abandoned.
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data July 5, 1968 Germany 4. 1758610 [52] US. Cl. 29/1825; 252/514; 252/519; 252/521 [51] Int. Cl. B22F 1/00; H0113 1/02 [58] Field of Search 29/1825, 1822; 75/206, 752/514, 519, 520, 521
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,145,690 1/1939 Hensel 29/1825 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,032,519 6/1966 United Kingdom 1248,3113 8/1967 Germany Primary Examiner-Benjamin R, Padgett Assistant ExaminerB, H. Hunt Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Herbert Lv Lerner [57] ABSTRACT Bonded or compound material for electrical contact pieces, consisting of silver as an original metal with up to 20% by weight of at least one finely divided metal oxide, such as CdO, SnO ZnO, MgO and/or MO, and up to 15% by weight of finely divided lead.
1 Claim, 3 Drawing Figures U.S. Patent Oct. 21, 1975 3,913,201
BONDED MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT PIECES This is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 839,050, filed July 3, 1969 now abandoned.
AgNi l and AgCdO are frequently used as bonded or compound material for electrical contact pieces. These contact pieces cannot completely prevent the welding of the contact pieces, particularly in short-circuit switching conditions, during the switching-on and switching-off of short circuits. In the case of automatic switches or power-protection switches, this fact can lead to disturbances of the operation or to failure of the apparatus.
Even the known sinter materials used for electrical contact pieces which are comprised of silver with 0.5 to 20% lead content, wherein the lead is finely distributed in the silver sinter and is essentially embedded in an undissolved condition, do not yield sufficiently satisfactory results during the operation of air-controlled AC automatic devices or automatic switches.
To reduce the welding tendency, sintered materials were suggested whose original or base material of silver contained metal oxide and graphite particles which had been very uniformly installed. Although this material helped to reduce the welding property, it increased the burn-off.
The object of the present invention is to provide a compound or bonded material, which is particularly suitable for electrical contact pieces and which does not entail the aforementioned disadvantages. The bonded material, according to the invention, is comprised of silver as the original metal, into which from 0.5 to 20% by weight of at least one finely divided metal oxide and from 3 to by weight of finely divided lead, preferably between 3 and 10% by weight, are uniformly embedded. Electrical contact pieces comprised of bonded material of the present invention comply with all switching requirements for the most minute automatic switches, without welding of the contact pieces. In addition to the small welding property associated with switches during short circuits, particular mention should be made with regard to the small contact burn-off under rated current, and the relatively low contact resistance as well as the slight contact heating, caused thereby.
Particularly suitable metal oxides are, for example, CdO, SnO ZnO, MgO or NiO. One or several of the metal oxides can be embedded, in fine distribution, along with the lead, in the original silver metal. Especially favorable were found to be electrical contact pieces comprised of combinations AgCdO l0 Pb 5; Ag- SnO 6 Pb 5; AgMgO I MO 1 Pb 10, whereby the numbers relate to by weight. The numbers used with other materials in the specification have the same meaning. Of the metal oxide component of the bonded material of the invention, the preferred range for CdO, SnO, and ZnO is 5% to 15% by weight, and for MgO and M0 is 0.05% to 2% by weight.
The indicated advantages appear to be obtainable through the special structural build-up, in a composition according to the invention. This can be obtained for example by mixing fine-grained electrolysis-silver powder or precipitated silver powder with a finely divided metal oxide and a lead powder 60 um. Following an intensive blending, this is condensed by pressing into a contact-stable pressed body.
However, the AgMeO powder, wherein Me represents a metal such as Cd, Mg, etc., can also be produced as a bonded powder, through precipitation mixing. The bonded powder is virtually blended with a lead powder 60 um and the powder mixture is condensed, by pressing, into a compressed body with stable edges. The precipitation mixture, e.g., of AgCdO bonded powder, can be obtained from an aqueous solution of the nitrates, with NaOl-l, by precipitating the hydroxides with NaOH and thereafter thermally dissociating the hydroxides in an oxidizing atmosphere.
Finally the silver-metal oxide bonded powder (e.g., AgCdO I0 powder) can be produced through a mechanical break-up of the melt of AgMe (e.g., AgCd 9 alloy), which can result from blowing apart or from a mechanical reduction of falling molten stream (centrifugal powder or pressure atomizer powder). Following the interior oxidation of the AgMe powder into AgMeO (e.g., AgCdO 10), the bonded powder is mixed with lead powder 60 um and the mixture is con densed, by pressing, into a compressed body with stable edges.
The rest of the method is the same in all cases. The compressed body is sintered in a neutral atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) and is stabilized thereby. The sintered, formed contact body can be calibrated by subsequent cold pressing and be further compressed thereby.
In an example of the bonded or compound material of the invention, AgCdOPb was formed from a starting material consisting of a powder mixture of AgCdO 10% by weight and Pb 5% by weight. The powder mixture was compressed at a pressure of 6 tons/cm. A pressure density of 9.3 to 9.7 g/cm and a degree of volumetric filling that was 0.907 to 0.946 resulted therefrom. Subsequently, the compressed mixture was sintered at a temperature of 650C in a nitrogen atmosphere for a period of 30 minutes. The resulting density was 8.5 to 8.9 g/cm", corresponding to a degree of volumetric filling of 0.830 to 0.868. The sintered body had from 15 to 17% pores. In a subsequent compression at 6.8 t/cm, the sintered body attained a theoretical density of 10.25 g/cm.
The invention, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be more clearly understood from the following description of the bonded material when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are micrographs of the structure of the bonded or compound material AgCdOPb respectively at magnifications of 500 l, 200 I and 1.
Referring now to the Figures of the drawing, there is shown therein metallographically an example of the bonded or compound material of the invention. In the view of largest magnification of FIG. 1, the silver matrix of the material AgCdOPb appears white, while the discrete lead inclusions are shown as finely divided black particles, and the metal oxide, CdO, is gray as well as linear in appearance. From FIGS. 2 and 3 of lesser magnification it is plainly apparent that the lead and the CdO are substantially uniformly distributed over the entire cross section containing the matrix of Ag.
A particular advantage of the contact pieces according to the present invention is in the coating of the conventional carrier metals. While, for example, contact pieces comprised of AgCdO 10 must be plated, be cause of their poor wettability, with a layer of a good solderable metal, the AgCdO Pb (AgMeO Pb) appears to have, even as a one-layer contact piece, during its hard soldering upon a conventional carrier metal, such as copper, brass, bronze, CuBe, etc., an impeccable wetting through the hard solder and, therefore, excellent soldering characteristics. The good wettability during hard soldering, which can be effected for example at 615C, is ensured by the uniformly distributed lead. The hard soldering can also be effected, e.g., with silfos solder (a phosphorus-containing silver hard solder). Contact pieces, which are in a sintered state, are also suitable for hard soldering upon the carrier metal. The final condensation into the virtually pore-free contact pieces results during the soldering process, on a weldformly embedded in said silver.

Claims (1)

1. BONDED MAATERIAL, PARTICULARLY FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT PIECES, CONSISTING OF SILVER, FROM 0.5 TO 20% BY WEIGHT OF ONE FINELY DISTRIBUTED METAL OXIDE SELECTED FROM CDO, SNO2, ZNO, NGO AND NIO AND MIXTURES THEREOF, FROM 3 TO 15% BY WEIGHT OF FINELY DIVIDED LEAD UNIFORMLY EMBEDDED IN SAID SILVER.
US365842A 1968-07-05 1973-06-01 Bonded material for electrical contact pieces Expired - Lifetime US3913201A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681758610 DE1758610B1 (en) 1968-07-05 1968-07-05 SINTER COMPOSITE MATERIAL IN PARTICULAR FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT PIECES
US83905069A 1969-07-03 1969-07-03
US365842A US3913201A (en) 1968-07-05 1973-06-01 Bonded material for electrical contact pieces

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048117A (en) * 1974-10-29 1977-09-13 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum switch contact materials
US4055850A (en) * 1975-12-23 1977-10-25 Union Carbide Corporation Capacitor with electrode containing nickel
US4204863A (en) * 1976-12-27 1980-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sintered contact material of silver and embedded metal oxides
US4479892A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-10-30 Chugai Denki Kogyo K.K. Ag-Metal oxides electrical contact materials
US4670815A (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-06-02 Stc Plc Dielectric composition
US4908158A (en) * 1986-08-26 1990-03-13 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrical contact material and method of preparing same
US5520323A (en) * 1991-12-20 1996-05-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for presoldering a contact for an electrical switching device and semi-finished product for use as a contact
EP3799977A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2021-04-07 ABB Schweiz AG Method for manufacturing an ag-based electrical contact material, an electrical contact material and an electrical contact obtained therewith

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2145690A (en) * 1937-09-24 1939-01-31 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electric contact material
US2486341A (en) * 1945-06-30 1949-10-25 Baker & Co Inc Electrical contact element containing tin oxide
US2654945A (en) * 1948-10-11 1953-10-13 Cutler Hammer Inc Electrical contact
US2985532A (en) * 1957-12-05 1961-05-23 Engelhard Ind Inc Electrical contacts
US3114631A (en) * 1960-08-24 1963-12-17 Handy & Harman Silver composition
US3205565A (en) * 1963-01-21 1965-09-14 Clevite Corp Sintered rubbing contact material and method for producing same
US3385677A (en) * 1965-06-30 1968-05-28 Siemens Ag Sintered composition material
US3489531A (en) * 1966-09-20 1970-01-13 Siemens Ag Multilayer sintered contact body

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2145690A (en) * 1937-09-24 1939-01-31 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electric contact material
US2486341A (en) * 1945-06-30 1949-10-25 Baker & Co Inc Electrical contact element containing tin oxide
US2654945A (en) * 1948-10-11 1953-10-13 Cutler Hammer Inc Electrical contact
US2985532A (en) * 1957-12-05 1961-05-23 Engelhard Ind Inc Electrical contacts
US3114631A (en) * 1960-08-24 1963-12-17 Handy & Harman Silver composition
US3205565A (en) * 1963-01-21 1965-09-14 Clevite Corp Sintered rubbing contact material and method for producing same
US3385677A (en) * 1965-06-30 1968-05-28 Siemens Ag Sintered composition material
US3489531A (en) * 1966-09-20 1970-01-13 Siemens Ag Multilayer sintered contact body

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048117A (en) * 1974-10-29 1977-09-13 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum switch contact materials
US4055850A (en) * 1975-12-23 1977-10-25 Union Carbide Corporation Capacitor with electrode containing nickel
US4204863A (en) * 1976-12-27 1980-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sintered contact material of silver and embedded metal oxides
US4479892A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-10-30 Chugai Denki Kogyo K.K. Ag-Metal oxides electrical contact materials
US4670815A (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-06-02 Stc Plc Dielectric composition
US4908158A (en) * 1986-08-26 1990-03-13 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrical contact material and method of preparing same
US5520323A (en) * 1991-12-20 1996-05-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for presoldering a contact for an electrical switching device and semi-finished product for use as a contact
EP3799977A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2021-04-07 ABB Schweiz AG Method for manufacturing an ag-based electrical contact material, an electrical contact material and an electrical contact obtained therewith
US11923153B2 (en) 2019-10-01 2024-03-05 Abb Schweiz Ag Method for manufacturing an Ag-based electrical contact material, an electrical contact material and an electrical contact obtained therewith

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