US3911160A - Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks - Google Patents

Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks Download PDF

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US3911160A
US3911160A US452512A US45251274A US3911160A US 3911160 A US3911160 A US 3911160A US 452512 A US452512 A US 452512A US 45251274 A US45251274 A US 45251274A US 3911160 A US3911160 A US 3911160A
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resin
ink
powder
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solvent
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US452512A
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William B Neuberg
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Shamrock Chemicals Corp
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Shamrock Chemicals Corp
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Priority to US452512A priority Critical patent/US3911160A/en
Priority to DE19752508972 priority patent/DE2508972A1/en
Priority to IT48636/75A priority patent/IT1032332B/en
Priority to JP50031899A priority patent/JPS5916951B2/en
Priority to FR7508421A priority patent/FR2264670B3/fr
Priority to GB11455/75A priority patent/GB1492878A/en
Priority to CA222,839A priority patent/CA1044087A/en
Priority to CH350575A priority patent/CH599860A5/xx
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/02—Dusting, e.g. with an anti-offset powder for obtaining raised printing such as by thermogravure ; Varnishing

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  • the printed surface may be leveled mechanically following curing, Such leveling produces a higher gloss.
  • Air pollution which normally is caused by solvent fumes in conventional processes is eliminated by this method. Moreover, heat energy is conserved as the need to vaporize a solvent and to carry-off the heated vapors is eliminated,
  • a resin powder having a particle size in the 30 to 200 mesh range, is applied to the ink on the freshly printed surface and melted to create a raised effect which simulates engraving.
  • the particle size of the powder controls the thickness or degree of raise of the printing. This thickness is generally between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. 100 and 200 microns) and it is necessary that the particle size of the powder be controlled to a close degree of uniformity.
  • the particle size is limited by the size of type used in printing since particles, which are too big, will overflow the sides of the letters and cause the edges to be uneven. Particles, which are too small, will not produce a proper degree of raise, and will also produce an area of mottled appearance on areas of heavy ink coverage.
  • Thermographic inks may or may not contain solvent.
  • a solvent-free ink is conventionally applied to a surface.
  • Powdered resin in which 95% of the particles have a size between about 1 and 26 microns and an average particle size of between about 5 and microns is then applied to the surface and it adheres to the wet ink. Subsequently, any excess powder is removed.
  • the printed surface is passed through a heating tunnel where the resin is melted. At this stage, the melted resin combines with the liquid ink.
  • thermoplastic resin cures when cooled to ambient temperature ifa thermoplastic resin is used or cures by polymerization if a thermosetting resin is used thus creating a non-raised, printed surface with a thickness below about 7 microns e.g., about 0.5 to 5 microns.
  • solvent-free inks fall into the following categories, among others:
  • Drying Oil Vehicle Inks These inks are formulated and manufactured from linseed, tung, soya, safflower, dehydrated castor, poppyseed and oiticia oils and may be modified with drying catalysts, such as metal soap dryers.
  • Drying Oil Alkyds These inks are made from the above-defined drying oil vehicle inks by additions of glycerine and isophthalie acid in sufficient amounts to achieve a desired working viscosity for the inks.
  • Resin Modified Drying Oils and Drying Oil Alkyds are made from phenolic or maleic resin modified drying oils or drying oil alkyds.
  • Gum Rosin and Tall Oil Rosin are made from either unreacted gum rosin or tall oil rosins.
  • Non-Drying Oils Inks made from mineral oils or petroleum oils, for example, newspaper inks.
  • Epoxy, Polyurethane and Polyamide Modified Inks Although some of these inks may contain solvents, inks of this type without solvents may be used. Selection of the ink is at the discretion of the printer who must decide which ink is best for a particular surface. If the surface is paper, the printer may chose one ink; if the surface is metal, he may chose another ink.
  • the resin that is used in the process of the present invention must be ground to a particle size finer than about 325 mesh.
  • the optimum particle size is between about 1 and 26 microns. However, it is critical to have an average particle size between about 5 and 10 microns.
  • These powders may be produced by grinding, cryogenic grinding, air milling, air classifying, spray drying, crystallization, or by combinations of these processes or procedures.
  • a typical powder has the following particle size count as measured micro- Average particle size equals the sum of nd divided by the sum ofn, i.e., 2612/485 to 4068/485 or 5.38 to 8.38 microns.
  • Any suitable resin may be employed in this invention provided that it can be powdered to the aforementioned required particle size, melted at the appropriate temperature, fused to a compatible composition with the ink and solidified on cooling to form a tack-free, immobile surface.
  • This includes both thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as resins which become thermosetting when combined with the ink or additives used in the ink.
  • the following resins are examples of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as resins which become thermosetting when combined with the ink or additives used in the ink.
  • rosin rosin modified with maleic. fumaric, phenolic or inorganic components rosin, petroleum, polyamide, natural, alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, urethane, amino, wax-modified, pigmentor filler-modified, plasticizer-modified and inorganics.
  • Wax may be added optionally to the powdered resin in an amount ranging from about /2 to 3'7? by weight in order to increase rub resistance. It is necessary, however, that the wax have a particle size comparable to that of the powdered resin.
  • the following waxes, among others, may be used: paraffin, microcrystalline, natural, synthetic, compounded, polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • other materials may be used as additives, including colorants, cure promoters, leveling agents, and functional additives among others.
  • the powdered resin must be applied to the freshly printed surface by a method which will give a relatively uniform coating.
  • the quantity of powdered resin used is usually kept to the minimum required to cure the ink.
  • the preferred method of powdered resin application is by electrostatic powder coating.
  • electrostatic guns are used to release a precisely controlled powder distribution by means of controlling an electrostatic charge on the resin particles and an opposite charge on the freshly printed surface.
  • the electrostatic guns are housed in a chamber having entry and exit openings to permit passage of the freshly printed surface therethrough. This chamber confines the powder to the area of application so that the powder will not pollute the air.
  • the powder may be applied with an air gun.
  • a fluidized bed also may be used wherein the freshly printed surface is passed through an atmosphere containing the powder, or an electrodynamic device may be employed.
  • Powder which does not adhere to the ink, may be removed prior to curing.
  • an air knife is used for this purpose.
  • An air knife is an apparatus having a slit or a series of holes through which air is forced. Suitable air pressures are in the range of between about and 50 pounds per square inch.
  • the air stream is directed against the powder coated surface and blows the powder off the areas which are not printed with ink.
  • the air used for this purpose may be ionized to promote dissipation of the electrostatic charges.
  • This apparatus may be housed in its own chamber or in the same chamber as the electrostatic guns and downstream of the area where the powder is applied. It is preferable to recycle the powder which is removed.
  • Curing proceeds by heating in a tunnel to effect a surface temperature about 50 to l50F above the melting point of the resin. Direct flame or infrared heating tunnels among others may be used for this curing step.
  • the printing process being continuous and dynamic by its nature requires the adjustment of inking rate, fountain solution, and other variables to arrive at the desired product on the delivery end of the press.
  • rate of powder application as controlled by the positioning of the powder guns, choice of voltages, feed rates, and other controls must be adjusted to be compatible with the press.
  • a typical apparatus for carrying out the present invention is illustrated in the attached schematic drawing.
  • a roll 1 of paper continuously feeds paper 2 to a conventional printing press 3 where the solvent-free ink is applied.
  • a static eliminator or precharging device 4 controls the electrostatic charge on the freshly printed paper 2 which then enters chamber 5 where electrostatic guns 6 discharge electrostatically charged powder.
  • the powder covered paper 2 then enters air knife 7 where powder which has not adhered to the ink is removed.
  • the resin melts and fuses with the ink.
  • Chill rolls 9 provide a drive for the paper 2 and effect a cooling and leveling of the printed surface, which renders the printing cured.
  • EXAMPLE I A non-drying process blue offset ink was used to print a detailed picture having some letter characters and a wide range of half-tone density.
  • the paper was electrostatically charged and a powder was used having an average particle size of about 7 microns and having the following compositions:
  • Composition V1 M P Composition V1 M P.
  • Example II The procedure of Example I was repeated except that the air knife was used to remove excess powder. A cured glossy image was produced having a thickness of about 5 microns.
  • Example Ill The proceedure of Example ll was repeated except that the rate at which powder was applied was reduced by one half. A cured, semi-gloss image was produced having a thickness of about 4 /2 microns.
  • thermoplastic thermoplastic and said curing step is accomplished by heating said surface to a temperature of about 50F. to F. above the melting point of said resin.

Abstract

The disclosure is concerned with a method of curing solvent-free inks by application of a powdered resin to a freshly printed surface. Powder, which does not adhere to the ink, is removed and the printed surface then is passed through a heating tunnel where the resin melts, thereby curing the ink. Optionally, the printed surface may be leveled mechanically following curing. Such leveling produces a higher gloss. Air pollution which normally is caused by solvent fumes in conventional processes is eliminated by this method. Moreover, heat energy is conserved as the need to vaporize a solvent and to carry-off the heated vapors is eliminated.

Description

United States Patent 1 Neuberg William B. Neuberg, Garden City, NY.
[75] Inventor:
[73] Assignee: Shamrock Chemicals Corporation, New York, NY,
122] Filed: Mar. 19, 1974 [21] Appl, No.: 452,512
[52] US. Cl ,1 427/27; 101/426 [51] Int. Cl 341m 1/00; B051) 5/02 [581 Field of Search 117/13, 17, 29, 46 FC, 117/15, 19, 25; 101/426 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,084,742 11/1914 Jacobs et a1. 117/13 2,110,219 3/1938 Creen et a1 101/420 2,317,372 4/1943 Gessler et a1. 101/426 2528,1150 11/1950 Thorp et a1 r 101/426 2,681,473 6/1954 Carlson 117/17.5 3,083,116 3/1963 Berndt.,. 117/13 3,440,076 4/1969 Vuurio 117/13 3,444,809 5/1969 Ohkubo et a1. r. 117/25 1 1 Oct.7, 1975 3,464,353 9/1969 Bach et a1 101/470 3,523,031 8/1970 Walters 117/29 3,617,328 11/1971 Newman 4 117/29 3,640,749 2/1972 Lorenz 117/175 Primary ExaminerMichael Sofocleous Attorney, Agent, or Firm Brumbaugh, Graves, Donohue & Raymond [57] ABSTRACT The disclosure is concerned with a method of curing solvent-free inks by application of a powdered resin to a freshly printed surface. Powder, which does not adhere to the ink, is removed and the printed surface then is passed through a heating tunnel where the resin melts, thereby curing the ink.
Optionally, the printed surface may be leveled mechanically following curing, Such leveling produces a higher gloss.
Air pollution which normally is caused by solvent fumes in conventional processes is eliminated by this method. Moreover, heat energy is conserved as the need to vaporize a solvent and to carry-off the heated vapors is eliminated,
11 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure METHOD OF USING RESIN POWDERS TO CURE SOLVENT-FREE INKS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known that powdered resins can be used in the drying of printing inks. Among these are anti-offset powders which coat the entire printed surface and thereby provide spacing between adjacent printed sheets (US. Pat. No. 2,110,219).
Another use of resin powders is in thermographic printing processes. A resin powder, having a particle size in the 30 to 200 mesh range, is applied to the ink on the freshly printed surface and melted to create a raised effect which simulates engraving. The particle size of the powder controls the thickness or degree of raise of the printing. This thickness is generally between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. 100 and 200 microns) and it is necessary that the particle size of the powder be controlled to a close degree of uniformity. The particle size is limited by the size of type used in printing since particles, which are too big, will overflow the sides of the letters and cause the edges to be uneven. Particles, which are too small, will not produce a proper degree of raise, and will also produce an area of mottled appearance on areas of heavy ink coverage. Thermographic inks may or may not contain solvent.
Another printing process, described in US. Pat. No. 2,3 17,372 utilizes a finer resin powder, having an average particle size of about 16 to 60 microns, to coat the freshly printed ink. This process does not create a raised effect in contrast to the thermographie process. However, the ink in this process must contain a solvent to solubilize the resin powder. The presence of solvent has two major drawbacks. Firstly, sufficient heat to vaporize the solvent must be provided and the heated vapors then must be removed from the heating area; this results in a waste of heat energy. Secondly, air pollution is caused by the expelled solvent vapors.
Methods of printing with solvent-free ink also are known. However, past methods of printing with nonpolluting solvent-free inks have several disadvantages (John W. Vanderhoff De-inking the lnk Industries Position" American lnk Maker, April, 1973, pp. 42-46). Such inks require several hours to dry by oxidation and have been overcoated with a thin, fastdrying, transparent coating that protects the ink film until it dries. These coatings often are alcoholic soluble propionate resins which are permeable to oxygen. Thus, there is solvent effluent from the coating resin solution which creates air pollution.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has now been discovered that solvent-free inks can be rapidly and economically cured with powdered resins. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, a solvent-free ink is conventionally applied to a surface. Powdered resin in which 95% of the particles have a size between about 1 and 26 microns and an average particle size of between about 5 and microns is then applied to the surface and it adheres to the wet ink. Subsequently, any excess powder is removed. The printed surface is passed through a heating tunnel where the resin is melted. At this stage, the melted resin combines with the liquid ink. This combination cures when cooled to ambient temperature ifa thermoplastic resin is used or cures by polymerization if a thermosetting resin is used thus creating a non-raised, printed surface with a thickness below about 7 microns e.g., about 0.5 to 5 microns.
It is critical in the present invention to utilize a solvent-free ink. As defined herein, solvent-free inks fall into the following categories, among others:
I. Drying Oil Vehicle Inks: These inks are formulated and manufactured from linseed, tung, soya, safflower, dehydrated castor, poppyseed and oiticia oils and may be modified with drying catalysts, such as metal soap dryers.
2. Drying Oil Alkyds: These inks are made from the above-defined drying oil vehicle inks by additions of glycerine and isophthalie acid in sufficient amounts to achieve a desired working viscosity for the inks.
3. Resin Modified Drying Oils and Drying Oil Alkyds: These inks are made from phenolic or maleic resin modified drying oils or drying oil alkyds.
4. Gum Rosin and Tall Oil Rosin: These inks are made from either unreacted gum rosin or tall oil rosins.
5. Non-Drying Oils: Inks made from mineral oils or petroleum oils, for example, newspaper inks.
6. Epoxy, Polyurethane and Polyamide Modified Inks: Although some of these inks may contain solvents, inks of this type without solvents may be used. Selection of the ink is at the discretion of the printer who must decide which ink is best for a particular surface. If the surface is paper, the printer may chose one ink; if the surface is metal, he may chose another ink.
The resin that is used in the process of the present invention must be ground to a particle size finer than about 325 mesh. The optimum particle size is between about 1 and 26 microns. However, it is critical to have an average particle size between about 5 and 10 microns. These powders may be produced by grinding, cryogenic grinding, air milling, air classifying, spray drying, crystallization, or by combinations of these processes or procedures. A typical powder has the following particle size count as measured micro- Average particle size equals the sum of nd divided by the sum ofn, i.e., 2612/485 to 4068/485 or 5.38 to 8.38 microns.
Any suitable resin may be employed in this invention provided that it can be powdered to the aforementioned required particle size, melted at the appropriate temperature, fused to a compatible composition with the ink and solidified on cooling to form a tack-free, immobile surface. This, therefore, includes both thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as resins which become thermosetting when combined with the ink or additives used in the ink. The following resins,
among others, are suitable: rosin, rosin modified with maleic. fumaric, phenolic or inorganic components rosin, petroleum, polyamide, natural, alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, urethane, amino, wax-modified, pigmentor filler-modified, plasticizer-modified and inorganics.
Wax may be added optionally to the powdered resin in an amount ranging from about /2 to 3'7? by weight in order to increase rub resistance. It is necessary, however, that the wax have a particle size comparable to that of the powdered resin. The following waxes, among others, may be used: paraffin, microcrystalline, natural, synthetic, compounded, polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene. Similarly, other materials may be used as additives, including colorants, cure promoters, leveling agents, and functional additives among others.
The powdered resin must be applied to the freshly printed surface by a method which will give a relatively uniform coating. The quantity of powdered resin used is usually kept to the minimum required to cure the ink. The preferred method of powdered resin application is by electrostatic powder coating. Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, electrostatic guns are used to release a precisely controlled powder distribution by means of controlling an electrostatic charge on the resin particles and an opposite charge on the freshly printed surface.
The electrostatic guns are housed in a chamber having entry and exit openings to permit passage of the freshly printed surface therethrough. This chamber confines the powder to the area of application so that the powder will not pollute the air.
In other embodiments, the powder may be applied with an air gun. A fluidized bed also may be used wherein the freshly printed surface is passed through an atmosphere containing the powder, or an electrodynamic device may be employed.
Powder, which does not adhere to the ink, may be removed prior to curing. in a preferred embodiment, an air knife is used for this purpose. An air knife is an apparatus having a slit or a series of holes through which air is forced. Suitable air pressures are in the range of between about and 50 pounds per square inch. The air stream is directed against the powder coated surface and blows the powder off the areas which are not printed with ink. The air used for this purpose may be ionized to promote dissipation of the electrostatic charges. This apparatus may be housed in its own chamber or in the same chamber as the electrostatic guns and downstream of the area where the powder is applied. It is preferable to recycle the powder which is removed.
Curing proceeds by heating in a tunnel to effect a surface temperature about 50 to l50F above the melting point of the resin. Direct flame or infrared heating tunnels among others may be used for this curing step.
The printing process being continuous and dynamic by its nature requires the adjustment of inking rate, fountain solution, and other variables to arrive at the desired product on the delivery end of the press. Likewise, the rate of powder application as controlled by the positioning of the powder guns, choice of voltages, feed rates, and other controls must be adjusted to be compatible with the press. Generally. it is desired to use only that amount of powder which is required to cure the ink. This will vary from one printing application to the next depending on the amount of coverage, the stock, and the quality of work desired.
When the powder application rate is cut back for greatest economy, there results a slight reduction in gloss. Further reduction of powder results in incomplete curing; therefore, the powder must be then increased. Taking a proof signature at this stage of adjustment reveals an irregular surface when viewed under magnification. Using a low power microscope, it can be seen that resin particles tend to have fused with the individual dots in the printing halftone structure.
It has been found that increased gloss can be achieved by leveling the surface mechanically prior to allowing it to cool or in the process of cooling. This can be accomplished by means of the chill rolls normally employed to complete the curing of heat-set printing or it can be done by means of additional rolls. There must be sufficient pressure or drag to level the resin coating, but not so much as to smear the printing. The resulting surface has a glassy appearance when viewed under a low power microscope. The thickness is reduced to a range of less than one micron. Furthermore, still lower rates of powder application can now be utilized and still maintain complete curing.
Thus, in accordance with this invention. it is now possible to cure a conventionally applied solvent-free printing ink rapidly, in a high speed process, without producing raised print. The problem of air pollution caused by heated solvent vapors or the solvent containing protective overcoatings utilized in prior art pro cesses is eliminated by the present invention. Moreover, as compared with prior art processes that utilize heat to dry the ink, energy is conserved by the present invention as it is not necessary to provide heated air to carry off solvent vapors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING A typical apparatus for carrying out the present invention is illustrated in the attached schematic drawing. A roll 1 of paper continuously feeds paper 2 to a conventional printing press 3 where the solvent-free ink is applied. A static eliminator or precharging device 4 controls the electrostatic charge on the freshly printed paper 2 which then enters chamber 5 where electrostatic guns 6 discharge electrostatically charged powder. The powder covered paper 2 then enters air knife 7 where powder which has not adhered to the ink is removed. As the paper passes through heating tunnel 8, the resin melts and fuses with the ink. Chill rolls 9 provide a drive for the paper 2 and effect a cooling and leveling of the printed surface, which renders the printing cured.
The following examples are submitted to illustrate but not to limit this invention. The apparatus used to generate these examples is the same as that described in the attached schematic drawing.
EXAMPLE I A non-drying process blue offset ink was used to print a detailed picture having some letter characters and a wide range of half-tone density. The paper was electrostatically charged and a powder was used having an average particle size of about 7 microns and having the following compositions:
Composition V1 M P.
Polyamide Resin 97.0 25UF Polyethylene Wax 2.5 2l5F Polytetrufluoroethylene (1.5 620F This powder was fed at a rate of 5 grams/minute. The powder was then charged electrostatically with a polarity opposite to that of the paper. Excess powder was not removed. The printed and powdered paper was passed through an infrared heating tunnel having a temperature of 550F. The surface emerged at a temperature of 350F. On cooling a cured glossy print was produced having a thickness of about 5 microns.
EXAMPLE II The procedure of Example I was repeated except that the air knife was used to remove excess powder. A cured glossy image was produced having a thickness of about 5 microns.
EXAMPLE Ill The proceedure of Example ll was repeated except that the rate at which powder was applied was reduced by one half. A cured, semi-gloss image was produced having a thickness of about 4 /2 microns.
EXAMPLE [V ing a solvent-free oil or liquid ink to a surface, the im' provement comprising:
a. applying a powder resin having an average particle size between about 5-10 microns to the inked surface; and
b. curing the resinated ink to provide a non-raised printed surface with a thickness below about 7 microns.
2. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of providing said resin with about one-half to three percent powder by weight of a powdered wax.
3. The process of claim 1 in which said step of applying said resin to said surface is accomplished electrostatically.
4. The process of claim 1 in which said step of applying said resin to said surface is accomplished electrodynamically.
S. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of removing resin which does not adhere to the ink by blowing air across said surface.
6. A process of claim 1 in which said resin is thermoplastic and said curing step is accomplished by heating said surface to a temperature of about 50F. to F. above the melting point of said resin.
7. The process of claim 6 in which said step of heating is accomplished by passing said surface through a heating tunnel.
8. The process of claim 6 in which said heating step is accomplished by direct-flame heating.
9. The process of claim 6 in which said heating step is accomplished by infrared heating.
10. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of leveling.
11. The process of claim 1 in which said resin is thermosetting and said curing step is accomplished by polymerization.

Claims (11)

1. IN A PRINTING PROCESS COMPRISING THE STEP OF APPLYING A SOLVENT-FREE OIL OR LIQUID INK TO A SURFACE, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING: A. APPLYING A POWDER RESIN HAVING AN AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE BETWEEN ABOUT 5-10 MIVRONS TO THE INKED SURFACE, AND B. CURING THE RESINATED INK TO PROVIDE A NON-RAISED PRINTED SURFACE WITH A THICKNESS BELOW ABOUT 7 MICRONS.
2. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of providing said resin with about one-half to three percent powder by weight of a powdered wax.
3. The process of claim 1 in which said step of applying said resin to said surface is accomplished electrostatically.
4. The process of claim 1 in which said step of applying said resin to said surface is accomplished electrodynamically.
5. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of removing resin which does not adhere to the ink by blowing air across said surface.
6. A process of claim 1 in which said resin is thermoplastic and said curing step is accomplished by heating said surface to a temperature of about 50*F. to 150*F. above the melting point of said resin.
7. The process of claim 6 in which said step of heating is accomplished by passing said surface through a heating tunnel.
8. The process of claim 6 in which said heating step is accomplished by direct-flame heating.
9. The process of claim 6 in which said heating step is accomplished by infrared heating.
10. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of leveling.
11. The process of claim 1 in which said resin is thermosetting and said curing step is accomplished by polymerization.
US452512A 1974-03-19 1974-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks Expired - Lifetime US3911160A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US452512A US3911160A (en) 1974-03-19 1974-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks
DE19752508972 DE2508972A1 (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-01 PAINT APPLICATION OR PRINTING PROCESS
IT48636/75A IT1032332B (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-17 METHOD FOR HARDENING INKS WITH SOLVENT
FR7508421A FR2264670B3 (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-18
JP50031899A JPS5916951B2 (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-18 How to use resin powder to cure solvent-free ink
GB11455/75A GB1492878A (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-19 Printing process
CA222,839A CA1044087A (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks
CH350575A CH599860A5 (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-19

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DE (1) DE2508972A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2264670B3 (en)
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Cited By (23)

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US4157936A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-06-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of rendering an ink strippable
US4243700A (en) * 1978-02-21 1981-01-06 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of rendering an ink strippable
US4254163A (en) * 1979-04-13 1981-03-03 Western Electric Company, Inc. Strippable resists
US4312268A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-01-26 The Standard Register Company Apparatus and method for coating of inks applied at high speed
US4399166A (en) * 1981-06-08 1983-08-16 The Oakland Corporation Friction lock for threads
US4421814A (en) * 1979-04-13 1983-12-20 Western Electric Co., Inc. Strippable resists
US4615911A (en) * 1984-08-13 1986-10-07 Shamrock Chemicals Corporation Method of using powders to cure solvent free inks
WO1988001205A1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Data Card Corporation Image permanence method and device
US4729918A (en) * 1984-08-13 1988-03-08 Shamrock Chemical Corporation Method of using powders to cure solvent free inks
US4869921A (en) * 1986-08-14 1989-09-26 Pierce Companies, Inc. Image permanence method
WO1991005885A2 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-05-02 Dunfries Investments, Ltd. Laser coating process
AU615944B2 (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-10-17 Oris S.A. Improved method and installation for modifying the surface state of materials, in particular of the paper and/or card type
US5565246A (en) * 1992-10-02 1996-10-15 Hyde; Timothy S. Method of forming heat-resistant raised print from radiation-curable solid particulate compositions
US5699743A (en) * 1996-05-17 1997-12-23 Ganz; Leonard R. Composition and method for raised thermographic printing
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US5699743A (en) * 1996-05-17 1997-12-23 Ganz; Leonard R. Composition and method for raised thermographic printing
WO1999059737A1 (en) * 1998-05-18 1999-11-25 Faust Thermographic Supply, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
US6119598A (en) * 1998-05-18 2000-09-19 Faust Thermographic Supply, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
EP1098717A1 (en) * 1998-05-18 2001-05-16 Faust Thermographic Supply, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
EP1098717A4 (en) * 1998-05-18 2006-03-29 Faust Thermographic Supply Inc Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
WO2000058025A1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Cognis Corporation Scuff and bloom resistant polyamide resin compositions
US6355770B1 (en) 1999-03-30 2002-03-12 Cognis Corporation Scuff and bloom resistant polyamide resin compositions
US6733844B2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2004-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Photographic-quality prints and methods for making the same
US7670642B2 (en) * 2006-03-16 2010-03-02 Eastman Kodak Company Method of powder coating for offset prevention in electrophotographic printers
US20070218195A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-20 Eastman Kodak Company Offset prevention in electrophotographic printers
US11833846B2 (en) 2012-07-17 2023-12-05 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital embossed in register surface
US11065889B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2021-07-20 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital binder printing
US10723147B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2020-07-28 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US10800186B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2020-10-13 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital printing with transparent blank ink
US11014378B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2021-05-25 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital embossing
US11130352B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2021-09-28 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital binder and powder print
US11285508B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2022-03-29 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US11878324B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2024-01-23 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US10988901B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2021-04-27 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital overlay
US11566380B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2023-01-31 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital overlay

Also Published As

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GB1492878A (en) 1977-11-23
JPS5916951B2 (en) 1984-04-18
JPS50133011A (en) 1975-10-21
FR2264670B3 (en) 1977-11-25
CH599860A5 (en) 1978-05-31
IT1032332B (en) 1979-05-30
CA1044087A (en) 1978-12-12
DE2508972A1 (en) 1975-09-25
FR2264670A1 (en) 1975-10-17

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