US3904359A - Post-wash fabric treating method - Google Patents

Post-wash fabric treating method Download PDF

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US3904359A
US3904359A US28699572A US3904359A US 3904359 A US3904359 A US 3904359A US 28699572 A US28699572 A US 28699572A US 3904359 A US3904359 A US 3904359A
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acid
complexing
fabrics
softener
cationic
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Pallassana Ramachandran
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F35/00Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
    • D06F35/005Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying
    • D06F35/006Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying for washing or rinsing only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001Softening compositions
    • C11D3/0015Softening compositions liquid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2075Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/192Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/203Unsaturated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/35Heterocyclic compounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/46Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2279Coating or impregnation improves soil repellency, soil release, or anti- soil redeposition qualities of fabric
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2352Coating or impregnation functions to soften the feel of or improve the "hand" of the fabric

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a post-washin g treating composition and method for using the same. More particularly, this invention relates to a post-washing treating composition and method which effectively prevents staining or yellowing of fabrics by metal ions.
  • cationic fabric treating fabric softening agents have been known and utilizedsince the early l930s, the use of the cationic fabric treating agents has decreased as compared to the nonionic fabric softening agents since the cationic fabric softening agents have a marked tendency to impart a yellowness to fabrics which are continually treated with the same. Furthermore, the cationic fabric softening agents can only be utilized in the rinse cycle since the majority of commercially available detergents are of the anionic type and are not compatible with these cationic fabric softening agents. The cationic fabric softening agents, although less preferred, are generally less expensive to utilize and, accordingly, it would be desirable to be able to utilize such cationic agents in the rinse cycle without causing the fabrics be become yellowed.
  • Citric acid and other complexing acids have found utility for a wide number of uses ranging from a use as a wall paper paste remover to use as an active ingredient in a detergent composition for removing fishy type odors.
  • the fabric treating composition of the present invention which is for use in preventing the staining of fabrics consists essentially of an aqueous solution of a complexing acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof and a cationic fabric softening agent such that on dilution with water the resulting composition contains from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of complexing agent and from O to 0.1% by weight of softening agent.
  • a complexing acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof
  • a cationic fabric softening agent such that on dilution with water the resulting composition contains from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of complexing agent and from O to 0.1% by weight of softening agent.
  • the method of the present invention comprises a method for preventing the yellowing or staining of fabrics comprising treating a fabric in the rinse with an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water, a complexing acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof and a cationic fabriclsoftener, the complexing acid and cationic fabric softener being present in amounts sufficient to produce a concentration of from about 0.01 to 0.10% by weight of the acid and from about 0 to 0.10% by weight of the cationic fabric softener.
  • the primary object of the present invention to provide a fabric treating composition which effectively prevents yellowing and staining of fabrics.
  • composition of the present invention which obviates the above disadvantages and which is for use in preventing the staining or yellowing of fabrics consists essentially of anaqueous solution of a complexing acid selected from a group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof, and a cationic fabric softening agent in an amount sufficient to produce, upon dilution, a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of complexing acid and 0 to 0.1% by weight softening agent.
  • a complexing acid selected from a group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof
  • a cationic fabric softening agent in an amount sufficient to produce, upon dilution, a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of complexing acid and 0 to 0.1% by weight softening agent.
  • the process of the present invention comprises rinsing a fabric in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water, a complexing acid and a cationic fabric softening agent wherein the cationic fabric softening agent and the complexing acid are present in amounts sufficient to produce a concentration of from 0.01% to 0.10% by weight of the complexing acid and from 0 to 0.10% by weight of the cationic fabric softening agent.
  • the primary ingredient in the composition of the present invention is the complexing acid which is selected from citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the preferred acids are citric and tartaric acid with citric being most preferred.
  • the complexing acid may be present in the final diluted rinse solution in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight and preferably 0.02 to 0.05% by weight.
  • the concentrated form of the composition will generally comprise from 2 to 25% by weight of acid in a water solution.
  • the important parameter is the dilution concentration so any concentrate composition will be solely for convenience in use.
  • the complexing acid In use, a small amount of the complexing acid is deposited on the fabric so as to provide active complexing sites for metal ions contained in soils, etc.
  • the present composition and process are of a preventative nature since, by depositing a small amount of acid on the fabric, future metal stains are virtually eliminated.
  • the same complexing acid also prevents the yellowing of fabrics due to a build-up of cationic fabric softeners.
  • Fabric softeners must be strongly attracted to fabrics in order to function properly; however, this attraction which is especially strong in cationic softeners also causes softener buildup or yellowing.
  • the complexing acids, when used in conjunction with cationic fabric softeners lessen the tendency to build-up without interfering with their softening function.
  • the salts of these organic, complexing acids are often utilized with similar or equivalent results, the sodium salts of the above noted acids as well as the other alkaline and the alkaline earth salts do not have the complexing properties necessary for the enhancement of the removal of the soil from the fabric. Accordingly, in the process and composition of the present invention, only the acids themselves and not their salts may be utilized.
  • organic complexing acids aid in the removal of these ions since the removal is not a function of pH as demonstrated by the inability of mineral acid solutions to effectively prevent staining from irremovable metal ions. Also, these latter acids are too strong for continued use since they tend to degrade the fibers.
  • the cationic fabric softening compounds useful in the composition of the present invention generally comprise cationic nitrogen containing compounds, such as quarternary ammonium compounds and amines containing one or two straight chained organic radicals of at least 8 carbon atoms and preferably containing at least one straight chained organic radical containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • cationic nitrogen containing compounds such as quarternary ammonium compounds and amines containing one or two straight chained organic radicals of at least 8 carbon atoms and preferably containing at least one straight chained organic radical containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • the quarternary ammonium softening agents have the following formulas (CH CH O) H as a halide, i.e., chloride, bromide, iodide; a sulfate, acetate, hydroxide, methasulfate or similar inorganic or organic solubilizing monoor dibasic radical.
  • a halide i.e., chloride, bromide, iodide
  • a sulfate, acetate, hydroxide methasulfate or similar inorganic or organic solubilizing monoor dibasic radical.
  • quaternary ammonium softening agents suitable for use in the composition of the present invention include the following: hydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethoxylated distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, l-hydroxyethyll -methyl-2-heptadecyl imidazolinium chloride; dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride; trimethyl stearyl ammonium bromide; cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, di-coco dimethyl ammonium chloride; cetyl pyridinium chloride; higher alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; di-isobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; lauryl isoquinolinium bromide; distearyl dimethyl quarternary ammonium bromide; distearyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium methylsulfate; dicoco dimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride;
  • coco when utilized refers to fatty acid groups formed in coconut oil fatty acids. Such acids contain from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule predominating in the C acids.
  • the process and composition of the present invention are operative without the use of the cationic softeners, it is a preferred embodiment to utilize a mixture of the complexing acid and softener in a solution.
  • the softener comprises from 0 to 0.1% by weight of the rinse water subsequent to dilution and preferably from 0.01 to 0.03% by weight.
  • the softener will have a similar concentration in the concentrate, i.e., from 0 to 25% by weight.
  • composition of the present invention Another important factor in the composition of the present invention is the ratio by weight of the cationic agent to the anti-yellowing agent, i.e., the complexing acid, since within certain ratios the non-yellowing properties are most evident.
  • This ratio is generally from 1: l to approximately 1:5 softener to acid with optimum results being obtained at a ratio of approximately 1:2.
  • the process of the present invention is not basically temperature dependent and performs well using cold and warm water rinse solutions. Also, the process can be conducted using water of any reasonable degree of hardness although, obviously, the use of softer rinse water is preferred.
  • composition of the present invention in use tends to acidify the rinse water, a number of additional beneficial results have been noted, namely permanent press resins tend to be more stable ans calcium precipitants such as CaCO tend to be removed leaving the fabrics with a better hand and feel.
  • composition of the present invention will now be more .fully illustrated by way of the following specific examples which are for the purpose of illustration only and are in no way to be considered as limitive of the composition of the present invention.
  • all parts and percentages are by weight and all temperature in degrees farenheit.
  • Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Three series of identical'SO/SO polyester cotton permanent press swatches are soiled with a clay soil. These soiled swatches are then'washed with a detergent as a 1.5 g/liter concentration using a water having a hardness of 150 ppm.
  • the detergent composition is tridecylbenzene sulfonate, 2% C etoxylated 1 1E0) alcohol, 1% sodium soap, 33% sodium carbonate, and
  • Example 3 andCornparative Example 4 Two sets of cotton'terry towel swatches are rinsed 7% sodium silicate. These series or sets of swatches are 10 three times utilizing the rinse solutions as shown in then rinsed with the following rinse composition as set Table II- forth in Table I. The swatches are then soiled, washed TABLE H and rinsed in this manner four additional times.
  • the reflectance (Rd values) after the first and fifth wash are Example No Rinse Rd Value "b" shown below with a higher Rd value indicating mvalue creased whiteness.
  • Example 2 Utilizing the procedure of Example 1, the citric acid rinse is replaced by the following organic complexing acid rinse solutions: (A) 0.01% tartaric acid; (B) 0.05% maleic acid; (C) 0.1% fumaric acid; (D) 0.02% adipic acid; (E) 0.06% of a 50/50 mixture of maleic acid and citric acid; and (F) 0.08% citric acid.
  • organic complexing acid rinse solutions (A) 0.01% tartaric acid; (B) 0.05% maleic acid; (C) 0.1% fumaric acid; (D) 0.02% adipic acid; (E) 0.06% of a 50/50 mixture of maleic acid and citric acid; and (F) 0.08% citric acid.
  • the swatches rinsed in the above acid solutions show increased whiteness. This increased whiteness is evident from the first wash and the whiteness differential increases with every subsequent wash.
  • Example 3 In order to show the inoperability of the alkali metal salts of the organic complexing acids utilized in the composition of the present invention, the procedure of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that the following salt solutions are utilized as the rinse solution: '(A) 0.01% of the sodium salt of tartaric acid; (B) 0.05% of the potassium salt of maleic acid; (C) 0.1% of the ammonium salt of fumaric acid; (D) 0.02% of the sodium salt of adipic acid; (E) 0.06% of the sodium salts of a 50/50 mixture of maleic acid and citric acid; and (F) 0.08% of the sodium salt of citric acid.
  • the following salt solutions are utilized as the rinse solution: '(A) 0.01% of the sodium salt of tartaric acid; (B) 0.05% of the potassium salt of maleic acid; (C) 0.1% of the ammonium salt of fumaric acid; (D) 0.02% of the sodium salt of adipic acid; (E) 0.06% of the
  • Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 The procedure of Example 3 and Comp. Example 4 is repeated with the exception that the rinse solutions are maintained at a temperature of F, i.e. a cold water rinse. The results are shown in Table 111.
  • Example 5 0.2% primary tallow amine and O. 1% of a 50/50 mixture of citric acid and adipic acid.
  • Each of the above compositions when compared to a rinse composition utilizing only the cationic softening agent has increased whiteness and decreased yellowness with no apparent differentiation in degree of soft emng.
  • composition and process of the present invention provide a rinse cycle treatment composition and process which reduces the yellowing caused by cationic softening agents and increases whiteness.
  • a process for treating fabrics which are subject to yellowing in rinse water comprising laundering said fabrics and treating said fabrics at a temperature of about 70F to about 120F with an aqueous solution containing from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight of -a complexing acid and from O to 0.1% by weight of a cationic fabric softener, whereby yellowing imparted to said fabrics in part by said cationic fabric softener is substantially reduced by said complexing acid.
  • organic complexing acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • said softener is selected from the group consisting of cationic nitrogen containing compounds containing 1 to 2 straight chained organic radicals of at least 8 carbon atoms and at least one chain containing about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • said softener is a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula wherein R is an aliphatic radical having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R is an aliphatic radical having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms or an alkyl radical having about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R; and R are lower alkyl radicals, n is a number between about 1 and about 15 and X is a water soluble salt forming anion.

Abstract

A fabric treating composition for use in preventing the staining of fabrics consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of a complexing acid and a cationic fabric softening agent, the complexing acid and the softening agent being present in amounts so that on dilution with water the complexing acid comprises from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of the dilution and the softening agent comprises from 0 to 0.1% of the dilution.

Description

United States Patent [191 Ramachandran Sept. 9, 1975 POST-WASH FABRIC TREATING METHOD [75] Inventor: Pallassana Ramachandran,
Robinsville, NJ
[73] Assignee: Colgate-Palmolive Company, New
York, NY.
22 Filed: Sept. 7, 1972 211 Appl. No.: 286,995
[52] US. Cl. 8/137; 8/139; 252/8.6; 252/8.8
[51] Int. Cl. BOSB 3/00 [58] Field of Search 252/8.6, 8.8, 142; 8/137, 8/139 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,637,495 1/1972 Eckert et a1. 252/8.6 X
2/1972 Heins et a1 252/8.6 X 7/1972 Ciko 252/142 Primary ExaminerStephen J. Lechert, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-S. J. Baron; H. S. Sylvester; N. M. Blumenkoph [57 ABSTRACT 9 Claims, No Drawings POST-WASH FABRIC TREATING METHOD This invention relates to a post-washin g treating composition and method for using the same. More particularly, this invention relates to a post-washing treating composition and method which effectively prevents staining or yellowing of fabrics by metal ions.
Although cationic fabric treating fabric softening agents have been known and utilizedsince the early l930s, the use of the cationic fabric treating agents has decreased as compared to the nonionic fabric softening agents since the cationic fabric softening agents have a marked tendency to impart a yellowness to fabrics which are continually treated with the same. Furthermore, the cationic fabric softening agents can only be utilized in the rinse cycle since the majority of commercially available detergents are of the anionic type and are not compatible with these cationic fabric softening agents. The cationic fabric softening agents, although less preferred, are generally less expensive to utilize and, accordingly, it would be desirable to be able to utilize such cationic agents in the rinse cycle without causing the fabrics be become yellowed.
In addition to yellowness imparted by cationic fabric softening agents, the fabrics are often stained by metal cations present in various soils, especially clay type soils. Up to now the only means for treating these metal type stains was the removal of the stains subsequent to their setting on the fabrics by way of bleaching and repeated washing. Each of these treatments, of course, is not completely satisfactory since continued bleaching of fabrics tends to degrade the same and shortens their useful life. The continued washing is not completely effective in removing the stains and tends to impart a certain boardiness to the fabrics, thus necessitating the use of a fabric softener.
Although complexing acids, such as citric acid, and the salts of these acids have been recently employed as supplemental builders for use in conjunction with various detergent compositions as replacements for the phosphate and nitrilo type builders previously employed, these materials have not been utilized in postwashing fabric treating compositions, such as fabric softeners. Citric acid and other complexing acids have found utility for a wide number of uses ranging from a use as a wall paper paste remover to use as an active ingredient in a detergent composition for removing fishy type odors.
It is, therefore, within the above environment and disadvantages that the composition and process of the present invention has been developed. Briefly, the fabric treating composition of the present invention which is for use in preventing the staining of fabrics consists essentially of an aqueous solution of a complexing acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof and a cationic fabric softening agent such that on dilution with water the resulting composition contains from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of complexing agent and from O to 0.1% by weight of softening agent. The method of the present invention comprises a method for preventing the yellowing or staining of fabrics comprising treating a fabric in the rinse with an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water, a complexing acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof and a cationic fabriclsoftener, the complexing acid and cationic fabric softener being present in amounts sufficient to produce a concentration of from about 0.01 to 0.10% by weight of the acid and from about 0 to 0.10% by weight of the cationic fabric softener.
It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to provide a fabric treating composition which effectively prevents yellowing and staining of fabrics.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing the staining and yellowing of fabrics by rinsing the fabrics in a solution consisting essentially of water, a complexing acid and a cationic fabric softener.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method wherein the fabrics are treated so as to prevent the same from being stained by the subsequent soiling with mineral containing soils.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing fabrics from yellowing through the continued use of a cationic fabric softening agent.
Still further objects and advantages of the composition and process of the present invention will become more apparent from the following, more detailed description thereof. I
The composition of the present invention which obviates the above disadvantages and which is for use in preventing the staining or yellowing of fabrics consists essentially of anaqueous solution of a complexing acid selected from a group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof, and a cationic fabric softening agent in an amount sufficient to produce, upon dilution, a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of complexing acid and 0 to 0.1% by weight softening agent.
The process of the present invention comprises rinsing a fabric in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water, a complexing acid anda cationic fabric softening agent wherein the cationic fabric softening agent and the complexing acid are present in amounts sufficient to produce a concentration of from 0.01% to 0.10% by weight of the complexing acid and from 0 to 0.10% by weight of the cationic fabric softening agent.
The primary ingredient in the composition of the present invention is the complexing acid which is selected from citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof. The preferred acids are citric and tartaric acid with citric being most preferred.
The complexing acid may be present in the final diluted rinse solution in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight and preferably 0.02 to 0.05% by weight. Of course, it will be most convenient to utilize a concentrated solution of the acid for consumer convenience and packaging economies. Generally, since most top loading washing machines have from 15 to 20 gallon capacity, the concentrated form of the composition will generally comprise from 2 to 25% by weight of acid in a water solution. The important parameter is the dilution concentration so any concentrate composition will be solely for convenience in use.
In use, a small amount of the complexing acid is deposited on the fabric so as to provide active complexing sites for metal ions contained in soils, etc. In essence, the present composition and process are of a preventative nature since, by depositing a small amount of acid on the fabric, future metal stains are virtually eliminated. The same complexing acid also prevents the yellowing of fabrics due to a build-up of cationic fabric softeners.
Fabric softeners must be strongly attracted to fabrics in order to function properly; however, this attraction which is especially strong in cationic softeners also causes softener buildup or yellowing. The complexing acids, when used in conjunction with cationic fabric softeners lessen the tendency to build-up without interfering with their softening function.
Although in conventional compositions and processes, the salts of these organic, complexing acids are often utilized with similar or equivalent results, the sodium salts of the above noted acids as well as the other alkaline and the alkaline earth salts do not have the complexing properties necessary for the enhancement of the removal of the soil from the fabric. Accordingly, in the process and composition of the present invention, only the acids themselves and not their salts may be utilized.
Furthermore, only the organic complexing acids aid in the removal of these ions since the removal is not a function of pH as demonstrated by the inability of mineral acid solutions to effectively prevent staining from irremovable metal ions. Also, these latter acids are too strong for continued use since they tend to degrade the fibers.
The cationic fabric softening compounds useful in the composition of the present invention generally comprise cationic nitrogen containing compounds, such as quarternary ammonium compounds and amines containing one or two straight chained organic radicals of at least 8 carbon atoms and preferably containing at least one straight chained organic radical containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
Generally, the quarternary ammonium softening agents have the following formulas (CH CH O) H as a halide, i.e., chloride, bromide, iodide; a sulfate, acetate, hydroxide, methasulfate or similar inorganic or organic solubilizing monoor dibasic radical. Examples of quaternary ammonium softening agents suitable for use in the composition of the present invention include the following: hydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethoxylated distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, l-hydroxyethyll -methyl-2-heptadecyl imidazolinium chloride; dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride; trimethyl stearyl ammonium bromide; cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, di-coco dimethyl ammonium chloride; cetyl pyridinium chloride; higher alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; di-isobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; lauryl isoquinolinium bromide; distearyl dimethyl quarternary ammonium bromide; distearyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium methylsulfate; dicoco dimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride; dimethyl arachidyl, behenyl quaternary ammonium chloride; di-(soya) dimethylammonium chloride, and di-(coco) dimethylammonium chloride.
Examples of amines which may be utilized in the composition of the present invention include primary tallow amine, primary coco amine, primary halogenated tallow amine, n-tallow 1,3-propylene diamine, oleyl 1,3-propylene diamine, and coco 1,3-propylene diamine.
The term coco when utilized refers to fatty acid groups formed in coconut oil fatty acids. Such acids contain from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule predominating in the C acids.
Although the process and composition of the present invention are operative without the use of the cationic softeners, it is a preferred embodiment to utilize a mixture of the complexing acid and softener in a solution. Generally, the softener comprises from 0 to 0.1% by weight of the rinse water subsequent to dilution and preferably from 0.01 to 0.03% by weight. As with the acid, the softener will have a similar concentration in the concentrate, i.e., from 0 to 25% by weight.
Another important factor in the composition of the present invention is the ratio by weight of the cationic agent to the anti-yellowing agent, i.e., the complexing acid, since within certain ratios the non-yellowing properties are most evident. This ratio is generally from 1: l to approximately 1:5 softener to acid with optimum results being obtained at a ratio of approximately 1:2.
Furthermore, it has been found that the process of the present invention is not basically temperature dependent and performs well using cold and warm water rinse solutions. Also, the process can be conducted using water of any reasonable degree of hardness although, obviously, the use of softer rinse water is preferred.
Since the composition of the present invention in use tends to acidify the rinse water, a number of additional beneficial results have been noted, namely permanent press resins tend to be more stable ans calcium precipitants such as CaCO tend to be removed leaving the fabrics with a better hand and feel.
The composition of the present invention will now be more .fully illustrated by way of the following specific examples which are for the purpose of illustration only and are in no way to be considered as limitive of the composition of the present invention. In the following examples, all parts and percentages are by weight and all temperature in degrees farenheit.
Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Three series of identical'SO/SO polyester cotton permanent press swatches are soiled with a clay soil. These soiled swatches are then'washed with a detergent as a 1.5 g/liter concentration using a water having a hardness of 150 ppm. The detergent composition is tridecylbenzene sulfonate, 2% C etoxylated 1 1E0) alcohol, 1% sodium soap, 33% sodium carbonate, and
Example 3: andCornparative Example 4 Two sets of cotton'terry towel swatches are rinsed 7% sodium silicate. These series or sets of swatches are 10 three times utilizing the rinse solutions as shown in then rinsed with the following rinse composition as set Table II- forth in Table I. The swatches are then soiled, washed TABLE H and rinsed in this manner four additional times. The reflectance (Rd values) after the first and fifth wash are Example No Rinse Rd Value "b" shown below with a higher Rd value indicating mvalue creased whiteness.
Comp. Ex. 4 0.01% solution of 74.9 4.0 TABLE I N-tallow propylene diamine Example 3 0.01% N-tallow pro- 82.5 2.7 Rd After Rd After pylene diamine Example No. Rinse 1st Wash 5th Wash 0.02% citric acid Comp. Ex. 1 Water (150ppm) 75.5 59.7 C E 2 HC1+ wt 76.9 62.3
X PH er The above rinse solutions are conducted at a temper- Example I 0.0 2% Citric 7 8 ature of approximately 120F. which corresponds to a gg Z normal warm water rinse. In Table II, the Rd value is As is evident from Table l, the utilization of citric acid produces an increased whiteness from the first wash through the fifth wash with the whiteness becoming more apparent after a greater number of washings. Since the citric acid and hydrochloric acid rinses both have the same pH, this shows that the increased whiteness obtained is not a function merely of pH but can be obtained only utilizing an organic complexing acid, such as citric acid. In each of the above noted rinse solutions, the water which is utilized has a hardness of 150 ppm.
Example 2 Utilizing the procedure of Example 1, the citric acid rinse is replaced by the following organic complexing acid rinse solutions: (A) 0.01% tartaric acid; (B) 0.05% maleic acid; (C) 0.1% fumaric acid; (D) 0.02% adipic acid; (E) 0.06% of a 50/50 mixture of maleic acid and citric acid; and (F) 0.08% citric acid.
When compared to a similar swatch of fabric rinsed only in plain water of a similar hardness, the swatches rinsed in the above acid solutions show increased whiteness. This increased whiteness is evident from the first wash and the whiteness differential increases with every subsequent wash.
Comparative Example 3 In order to show the inoperability of the alkali metal salts of the organic complexing acids utilized in the composition of the present invention, the procedure of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that the following salt solutions are utilized as the rinse solution: '(A) 0.01% of the sodium salt of tartaric acid; (B) 0.05% of the potassium salt of maleic acid; (C) 0.1% of the ammonium salt of fumaric acid; (D) 0.02% of the sodium salt of adipic acid; (E) 0.06% of the sodium salts of a 50/50 mixture of maleic acid and citric acid; and (F) 0.08% of the sodium salt of citric acid.
When the swatches rinsed in each of the above solutions are compared both with similar swatches using a the whiteness with higher values indicating increased whiteness and the 12 values indicate yellowness with higher values indicating increased yellowness. As is immediately apparent, the terry towel swatches which are rinsed in the diamine citric acid show improved results over those rinsed in just the diamine alone. Furthermore, the softening of each set of swatches is approximately equal.
Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 The procedure of Example 3 and Comp. Example 4 is repeated with the exception that the rinse solutions are maintained at a temperature of F, i.e. a cold water rinse. The results are shown in Table 111.
TABLE 111 Example No. Rinse Rd Value b"Va1ue Comp. Ex. 5 0.01% solution of 75.6 4.4
N-tallow propylene diamine Example 4 0.01% N-ta11ow 81.3 3.5
propylene diamine 0.02% citric acid Again, the diamine citric acid produces superior results when compared to the diamine alone. This indicates that the temperature of the rinse water has little, if any, effect on the decreased yellowness and increased whiteness of the composition of the present invention.
Example 5 0.2% primary tallow amine and O. 1% of a 50/50 mixture of citric acid and adipic acid.
Each of the above compositions when compared to a rinse composition utilizing only the cationic softening agent has increased whiteness and decreased yellowness with no apparent differentiation in degree of soft emng.
As is apparent by way of the foregoing examples which are for the purposes ofillustration only, the composition and process of the present invention provide a rinse cycle treatment composition and process which reduces the yellowing caused by cationic softening agents and increases whiteness.
What is claimed is:
l. A process for treating fabrics which are subject to yellowing in rinse water comprising laundering said fabrics and treating said fabrics at a temperature of about 70F to about 120F with an aqueous solution containing from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight of -a complexing acid and from O to 0.1% by weight of a cationic fabric softener, whereby yellowing imparted to said fabrics in part by said cationic fabric softener is substantially reduced by said complexing acid.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of said complexing acid to said cationic softening agent is from 1:1 to 5:1.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio is approximatcly 2:1.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said organic complexing acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said acid is citric acid.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said cationic fabric softening agent is N-tallow propylene diamine.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said softener is included in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.03% by weight.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said softener is selected from the group consisting of cationic nitrogen containing compounds containing 1 to 2 straight chained organic radicals of at least 8 carbon atoms and at least one chain containing about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.
9. The process of claim 8 where said softener is a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula wherein R is an aliphatic radical having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R is an aliphatic radical having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms or an alkyl radical having about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R; and R are lower alkyl radicals, n is a number between about 1 and about 15 and X is a water soluble salt forming anion.

Claims (9)

1. A PROCESS FOR TREATING FABRICS WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO YELLOWING IN RINSE WATER COMPRISING LAUNDERING SAID FABRICS AND TREATING SAID FABRICS AT A TEMPERATURE O ABOUT 70*F TO ABOUT 120*F WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 0.01 TO ABOUT 0.1% BY WEIGHT OF A COMPLEXING ACID AND FROM O TO 0.1% BY WEIGHT OF A CATIONIC FABRIC SOFTENER, WHEREBY YELLOWING IMPARTED TO SAID FABRICS IN PART BY SAID CATONIC TATERIC SOFTENER IS SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED BY SAID COMPLEXING ACID.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of said complexing acid to said cationic softening agent is from 1:1 to 5:1.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio is approximately 2:
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said organic complexing acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said acid is citric acid.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said cationic fabric softening agent is N-tallow propylene diamine.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said softener is included in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.03% by weight.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said softener is selected from the group consisting of cationic nitrogen containing compounds containing 1 to 2 straight chained organic radicals of at least 8 carbon atoms and at least one chain containing about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.
9. The process of claim 8 where said softener is a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula
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US4170557A (en) * 1978-04-11 1979-10-09 Milliken Research Corporation Process and composition for imparting anti-soil redeposition and soil release properties to polyester textile materials
US4203851A (en) * 1978-06-16 1980-05-20 Colgate-Palmolive Company Fabric softening compositions and methods for manufacture thereof
US4222905A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-09-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent compositions having enhanced particulate soil removal performance
US4228044A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-10-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent compositions having enhanced particulate soil removal and antiredeposition performance
FR2502171A1 (en) * 1981-03-21 1982-09-24 Kreussler Chem Fab CLEANING REINFORCEMENT DEVICE FOR USE IN CHEMICAL CLEANING MACHINES WITH ADSORPTION FILTERS
EP0071148A2 (en) * 1981-07-27 1983-02-09 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Means for the after-treatment of washed linen in a clothes dryer
EP0071148A3 (en) * 1981-07-27 1984-07-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Means for the after-treatment of washed linen in a clothes dryer
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US4895667A (en) * 1988-05-24 1990-01-23 The Dial Corporation Fabric treating compositions
WO1994003576A1 (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-02-17 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Reaction products from polybasic carboxylic acid- and amino group-containing compounds, process for preparing the same and their use in washing and cleaning agents
US5639723A (en) * 1992-08-03 1997-06-17 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Reaction products of polybasic carboxylic acids and amino-containing compounds, their preparation and their use in detergents and cleaning agents
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US5767052A (en) * 1995-01-12 1998-06-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Stabilized liquid fabric softener compositions
US5686376A (en) * 1995-01-12 1997-11-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Chelating agents for improved color fidelity
US5747436A (en) * 1996-01-16 1998-05-05 Colgate-Palmolive Company Low static conditioning shampoo
US7026278B2 (en) 2000-06-22 2006-04-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Rinse-added fabric treatment composition, kit containing such, and method of use therefor
US20060075576A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2006-04-13 Price Kenneth N Rinse-added fabric treatment composition, kit containing such, and method of use therefor
US20030060390A1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2003-03-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Rinse-added fabric conditioning composition for use where residual detergent is present
US20060019867A1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2006-01-26 Demeyere Hugo J M Rinse-added fabric conditioning composition for use where residual detergent is present
US20060030516A1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2006-02-09 Demeyere Hugo J M Rinse-added fabric conditioning composition for use where residual detergent is present
US20060241013A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Daniel Wood Improved liquid fabric softener
US7371718B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2008-05-13 The Dial Corporation Liquid fabric softener
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