US3877374A - Protective coating for caseless ammunition - Google Patents

Protective coating for caseless ammunition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3877374A
US3877374A US378736A US37873673A US3877374A US 3877374 A US3877374 A US 3877374A US 378736 A US378736 A US 378736A US 37873673 A US37873673 A US 37873673A US 3877374 A US3877374 A US 3877374A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
propellant
protective coating
charge
round
caseless ammunition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US378736A
Inventor
Ralph L Cook
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Olin Corp
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Olin Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US378736A priority Critical patent/US3877374A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3877374A publication Critical patent/US3877374A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/24—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for cleaning; for cooling; for lubricating ; for wear reducing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/16—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge, with or without projectile, or powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
    • F42B5/192—Cartridge cases characterised by the material of the casing wall
    • F42B5/196—Coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/70—Combustilbe cartridge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/704—Coolants

Definitions

  • Caseless ammunition by elimidating the metal, plastic. or paper cartridge casing. is less expensive to manufacture. and does away with bothersome expended casings and the need to extract them from the firearm.
  • Caseless ammunition however. by eliminating the casing. also presents problems relating to handling, moisture absorbtion. durability. and safety.
  • the problem of safety relates to the possible premature ignition of the round when exposed to external heat either in the firing chamber. magazine. or even outside of the firearm.
  • This invention relates to a thermally protective coating for the external surfaces of caseless ammunition propellant charges.
  • which coating has as its major constituent a vaporizable material. such as silicone oil. wax. or the like. the material being microencapsulated in a skin of gelatin. polyvinyl alcohol. epoxy. or the like.
  • the microcapsules can be applied to the propellant in a plurality of layers so that the overall weight of the coating is reduced. and interstitial air within the layers acts as a further heat transfer barrier.
  • the individual capsules should be in very fine granular form having a diameter in the range of about 5 1.000 microns.
  • the individual microcapsule would consist of a major portion of encapsulated material and a minor portion of encapsulating skin.
  • the encapsulated material should exhibit poor heat transfer characteristics. and should. under the heat developed when the round of ammunition is fired. vaporize so as to leave little or no residue behind in the firing chamber and barrel.
  • a low heat transfer material which vaporizes upon firing. Additional protection is given to the barrel against wear imparted thereto by the hot. corrosive combustion gases as the vaporized material passes through the barrel. If. during handling. the round is subjected to external heat. the encapsulating skin may rupture. however. this will merely expose the encapsulated material under conditions where it is free to flow to provide a continuous barrier to further heat transfer.
  • the encapsulating skin and air. only the encapsulating skin is a potential residue-producing agent. For any thickness coating, however. the skin is present only in very small percentages and thus any residue possible therefrom will be present in very minor amounts as compared to a solid coating. Further. the encapsulating skin can. if desired. be made of a material such as gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol which will vaporize when subjected to heat generated when the cartridge is fired. thus leaving no residue behind.
  • Silicone oil-fired microcapsules suitable for use with this invention can be made generally in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2.800.457. issued July 23. l957 to B. K. Green et al.. or 2.800.458, issued July 23. 1957 to B. K. Green.
  • the microcapsules may be applied to the propellant charge with a suitable adhesive which is compatable with nitrocellulose and the encapsulating skin on the microcapsules.
  • An acrylic resinous adhesive may be used for this purpose.
  • the adhesive may be self curing or may cure at a relatively low temperature. Alternatively. the adhesive may be set by removal of a solvent or carrying agent.
  • the microcapsules can be applied to the propellant by spraying. rolling. brushing.
  • a multi-layered microcapsule protective coating can be applied to the propellant by first applying adhesive to the propellant. then applying a layer of microcapsules. and then repeating the adhesive-microcapsule applications step-wise until the desired thickness of protective coating has been provided.
  • the protective coating of this invention can be used with caseless ammunition of the telescoped variety wherein the projectile is telescoped into the bore of a hollow cylinder of propellant. or can also be used with the variety of caseless ammunition wherein the propellant charge is secured to the rear face of the projectile.
  • microcapsules of sufficiently fine form can be made so as to permit the building up of several layers of microcapsules on the outside of a round of caseless ammunition thus permitting the formation of an excellent heat transfer barrier at relatively low total weight and under conditions involving a minimum of interference with the final action of the propellant burning.
  • a round covered with such capsules will be highly resistant to ignition by radiant energy and will even resist exposure to flame for significant time periods.
  • a round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile and a compacted charge of propellant.
  • the improvement comprising a protective coating comprising at least one layer of microencapsulated vaporizable low heat transfer liquid adhered to the outer surface of the propellant charge.
  • a round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile. a compacted charge of propellant secured to said projectile. and a protective coating secured to an external surface of said propellant charge. said protective coating comprising a plurality of microcapsules of a vaporizable low heat transfer liquid.
  • a round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile, a compacted charge of propellant secured to a protective coating adhered to an external surface of said charge.
  • said protective coating comprising a plurality of microcapsules of a vaporizable low heat transfer liquid.

Abstract

The propellant charge of a round of caseless ammunition is provided with a one or more layer coating of microcapsules containing silicone oil or the like to reduce transfer of external heat to the propellant.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Cook [ PROTECTIVE COATING FOR CASELESS AMMUNITION [75] Inventor: Ralph L. Cook, Tallahassee, Fla.
[73] Assignee: Olin Corporation, New Haven,
Conn.
[22] Filed: July 12, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 378,736
[ 52] US. Cl. 102/387 l02/D1G. 1', l02/D1G. 8 [51] Int. Cl. F42b 5/02 [58] Field of Search 102/103, 100, 101, 99,
102/D1G. 8, DIG. 1, 38
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,187,779 6/1916 Patten 102/010. 8 1,865,157 6/1932 Woodford 2,800,457 7/1957 Green et al. 106/132 X Apr. 15, 1975 Primary ExaminerBenjamin A. Borchelt Assistant Examiner-H. .1. Tudor Attorney, Agent, or FirmDonald R. Motsko; William W. Jones [5 7] ABSTRACT The propellant charge of a round of caseless ammunition is provided with a one or more layer coating of microcapsules containing silicone oil or the like to reduce transfer of external heat to the propellant.
6 Claims, No Drawings PROTECTIVE COATING FOR CASELESS AMMUNITION This invention relates to the coating of the propellant charge portion of a round of caseless ammunition to iinder external heat transfer to the propellant.
The concept of using caseless ammunition in con- ;unction with firearms is an old and very desirable one from a cost standpoint. Caseless ammunition. by elimidating the metal, plastic. or paper cartridge casing. is less expensive to manufacture. and does away with bothersome expended casings and the need to extract them from the firearm.
Caseless ammunition. however. by eliminating the casing. also presents problems relating to handling, moisture absorbtion. durability. and safety. The problem of safety relates to the possible premature ignition of the round when exposed to external heat either in the firing chamber. magazine. or even outside of the firearm.
Attempts have been made to solve the premature ignition problem by providing a protective coating for the propellant charge. Such solutions will be found in US. Pat. Nos. 3.212.440. issued Oct. 19. 1965 to J. B. Quinlan et al. disclosing a spray coating of methyl methacrylate and molybdenum disulfide or graphite; 3.397.637. issued Aug. 20. 1968 to J. Bobinski et al. disclosing a protective film of a cellulose derivative; 3.703.868. issued Nov. 28. 1972 to E. C. Braak. disclosing a polyolefine film protective coating: and 3.730.094. issued May 1. 1973 to J. B. Quinlan. disclosing a heat resistant explosive coating. The prior art solutions noted above have proven to possess unsatisfactory side effects. however. relating to unburned residue of the protective coating which residue remains in the firing chamber and gun barrel. and undesirable alter ation of ballistic performance.
This invention relates to a thermally protective coating for the external surfaces of caseless ammunition propellant charges. which coating has as its major constituent a vaporizable material. such as silicone oil. wax. or the like. the material being microencapsulated in a skin of gelatin. polyvinyl alcohol. epoxy. or the like. The microcapsules can be applied to the propellant in a plurality of layers so that the overall weight of the coating is reduced. and interstitial air within the layers acts as a further heat transfer barrier. The individual capsules should be in very fine granular form having a diameter in the range of about 5 1.000 microns. The individual microcapsule would consist of a major portion of encapsulated material and a minor portion of encapsulating skin. The encapsulated material should exhibit poor heat transfer characteristics. and should. under the heat developed when the round of ammunition is fired. vaporize so as to leave little or no residue behind in the firing chamber and barrel. By using a low heat transfer material which vaporizes upon firing. additional protection is given to the barrel against wear imparted thereto by the hot. corrosive combustion gases as the vaporized material passes through the barrel. If. during handling. the round is subjected to external heat. the encapsulating skin may rupture. however. this will merely expose the encapsulated material under conditions where it is free to flow to provide a continuous barrier to further heat transfer.
It will be noted that in acoating such as is proposed. of the three constituents. namely. encapsulated material.
the encapsulating skin. and air. only the encapsulating skin is a potential residue-producing agent. For any thickness coating, however. the skin is present only in very small percentages and thus any residue possible therefrom will be present in very minor amounts as compared to a solid coating. Further. the encapsulating skin can. if desired. be made of a material such as gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol which will vaporize when subjected to heat generated when the cartridge is fired. thus leaving no residue behind.
Silicone oil-fired microcapsules suitable for use with this invention can be made generally in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2.800.457. issued July 23. l957 to B. K. Green et al.. or 2.800.458, issued July 23. 1957 to B. K. Green. The microcapsules may be applied to the propellant charge with a suitable adhesive which is compatable with nitrocellulose and the encapsulating skin on the microcapsules. An acrylic resinous adhesive may be used for this purpose. The adhesive may be self curing or may cure at a relatively low temperature. Alternatively. the adhesive may be set by removal of a solvent or carrying agent. The microcapsules can be applied to the propellant by spraying. rolling. brushing. or the like. A multi-layered microcapsule protective coating can be applied to the propellant by first applying adhesive to the propellant. then applying a layer of microcapsules. and then repeating the adhesive-microcapsule applications step-wise until the desired thickness of protective coating has been provided.
The protective coating of this invention can be used with caseless ammunition of the telescoped variety wherein the projectile is telescoped into the bore of a hollow cylinder of propellant. or can also be used with the variety of caseless ammunition wherein the propellant charge is secured to the rear face of the projectile.
Thus. it will be readily apparent to those skilled-in the art that the selection of microcapsules of sufficiently fine form can be made so as to permit the building up of several layers of microcapsules on the outside of a round of caseless ammunition thus permitting the formation of an excellent heat transfer barrier at relatively low total weight and under conditions involving a minimum of interference with the final action of the propellant burning. A round covered with such capsules will be highly resistant to ignition by radiant energy and will even resist exposure to flame for significant time periods.
Since many changes and variations of the disclosed embodiment of the invention may be made without departing from the inventive concept. it is not intended to limit the invention otherwise than as required by the appended. claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In a round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile and a compacted charge of propellant. the improvement comprising a protective coating comprising at least one layer of microencapsulated vaporizable low heat transfer liquid adhered to the outer surface of the propellant charge.
2. A round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile. a compacted charge of propellant secured to said projectile. and a protective coating secured to an external surface of said propellant charge. said protective coating comprising a plurality of microcapsules of a vaporizable low heat transfer liquid.
3. A round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile, a compacted charge of propellant secured to a protective coating adhered to an external surface of said charge. said protective coating comprising a plurality of microcapsules of a vaporizable low heat transfer liquid.
6. The propellant charge of claim 5, wherein said liquid is silicone oil.

Claims (6)

1. IN A ROUND OF CASELESS AMMUNITION COMPRISING A PROJECTILE AND A COMPACTED CHARGE OF PROPELLANT,THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING A PROTECTIVE COATING COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE LAYER OF MICROENCAPSULATED VAPORIZABLE LOW HEAT TRANSFER LIQUID ADHERED TO THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE PROPELLANT CHARGE.
2. A round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile, a compacted charge of propellant secured to said projectile, and a protective coating secured to an external surface of said propellant charge, said protective coating comprising a plurality of microcapsules of a vaporizable low heat transfer liquid.
3. A round of caseless ammunition comprising a projectile, a compacted charge of propellant secured to said projectile, and a protective coating secured to said propellant charge, said protective coating comprising a Plurality of microcapsules of silicone oil encased in an encapsulating material.
4. The round of ammunition of claim 3, wherein said encapsulating material is selected from the group consisting of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol.
5. A compacted charge of propellant material having a protective coating adhered to an external surface of said charge, said protective coating comprising a plurality of microcapsules of a vaporizable low heat transfer liquid.
6. The propellant charge of claim 5, wherein said liquid is silicone oil.
US378736A 1973-07-12 1973-07-12 Protective coating for caseless ammunition Expired - Lifetime US3877374A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098193A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-07-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Wear and corrosion reducing additive for gun propellants
EP0012690A1 (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-06-25 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Combustible objects, in particular heat-resistant combustible cartridge cases
US4282813A (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-08-11 Calspan Corporation Two piece caseless round and gun therefor
US4285276A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-08-25 Howard A. Fromson Method for printing employing lithographic fountain dampening solution
US4306993A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-12-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microcapsules containing perfluoroalkyl pentafluorosulfide
US4315785A (en) * 1980-04-09 1982-02-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Propellant charge with reduced muzzle smoke and flash characteristics
US4399226A (en) * 1978-09-28 1983-08-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Tagging with microcapsules containing perfluoroalkyl pentafluorosulfide
US4469623A (en) * 1978-09-28 1984-09-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Detection of articles
US4731189A (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-03-15 Gregg Jr George L Bullet lubricant and method of compounding said lubricant
US4766812A (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-08-30 L'etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue Ministeriel Pour L'armement Varnish protecting a caseless or combustible-case round of ammunition against thermoinitiation
US4994203A (en) * 1987-12-18 1991-02-19 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Composite material with lubricating properties, process for their manufacture and antierosive components for a barrel weapon system which consists of these materials
US5237927A (en) * 1991-10-21 1993-08-24 Olin Corporation Energetic consumable cartridge case
US5523757A (en) * 1988-07-08 1996-06-04 Resnick; Joseph A. Signal damping camouflage system and manufacturing method

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1187779A (en) * 1914-10-02 1916-06-20 Wilbur Miller C Ammunition.
US1865157A (en) * 1928-10-11 1932-06-28 Remington Arms Co Inc Lubricant
US2800457A (en) * 1953-06-30 1957-07-23 Ncr Co Oil-containing microscopic capsules and method of making them
US3120184A (en) * 1960-04-22 1964-02-04 Universal Match Corp Pyrotechnical devices and methods of making the same
US3703868A (en) * 1970-07-07 1972-11-28 Hercules Inc Protective surface covering having heat and moisture resistant properties for caseless ammunition
US3727512A (en) * 1969-03-13 1973-04-17 Zeebrugge Forges Sa Process for the surface treatment of non metallic cases such as cartridges, and the so treated cases
US3730094A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-05-01 Us Army Energetic protective coating for caseless ammunition
US3747532A (en) * 1970-04-02 1973-07-24 Henry Wallengerg & Co Ab Process for the manufacture of combustible cases for fuel charges or explosive charges

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1187779A (en) * 1914-10-02 1916-06-20 Wilbur Miller C Ammunition.
US1865157A (en) * 1928-10-11 1932-06-28 Remington Arms Co Inc Lubricant
US2800457A (en) * 1953-06-30 1957-07-23 Ncr Co Oil-containing microscopic capsules and method of making them
US3120184A (en) * 1960-04-22 1964-02-04 Universal Match Corp Pyrotechnical devices and methods of making the same
US3727512A (en) * 1969-03-13 1973-04-17 Zeebrugge Forges Sa Process for the surface treatment of non metallic cases such as cartridges, and the so treated cases
US3747532A (en) * 1970-04-02 1973-07-24 Henry Wallengerg & Co Ab Process for the manufacture of combustible cases for fuel charges or explosive charges
US3730094A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-05-01 Us Army Energetic protective coating for caseless ammunition
US3703868A (en) * 1970-07-07 1972-11-28 Hercules Inc Protective surface covering having heat and moisture resistant properties for caseless ammunition

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098193A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-07-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Wear and corrosion reducing additive for gun propellants
US4469623A (en) * 1978-09-28 1984-09-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Detection of articles
US4399226A (en) * 1978-09-28 1983-08-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Tagging with microcapsules containing perfluoroalkyl pentafluorosulfide
US4306993A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-12-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microcapsules containing perfluoroalkyl pentafluorosulfide
US4285276A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-08-25 Howard A. Fromson Method for printing employing lithographic fountain dampening solution
US4282813A (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-08-11 Calspan Corporation Two piece caseless round and gun therefor
US4365558A (en) * 1978-12-15 1982-12-28 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Combustible objects, in particular combustible cartridge cases, which are heat-resistant
FR2444251A1 (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-07-11 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale COMBUSTIBLE OBJECTS, AND IN PARTICULAR COMBUSTIBLE SOCKETS, RESISTANT TO HEAT
EP0012690A1 (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-06-25 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Combustible objects, in particular heat-resistant combustible cartridge cases
US4315785A (en) * 1980-04-09 1982-02-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Propellant charge with reduced muzzle smoke and flash characteristics
US4731189A (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-03-15 Gregg Jr George L Bullet lubricant and method of compounding said lubricant
US4766812A (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-08-30 L'etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue Ministeriel Pour L'armement Varnish protecting a caseless or combustible-case round of ammunition against thermoinitiation
US4994203A (en) * 1987-12-18 1991-02-19 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Composite material with lubricating properties, process for their manufacture and antierosive components for a barrel weapon system which consists of these materials
US5072672A (en) * 1987-12-18 1991-12-17 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Composite materials with lubricating properties, process for their manufacture and antierosive components for a barrel weapon system which consists of these materials
US5523757A (en) * 1988-07-08 1996-06-04 Resnick; Joseph A. Signal damping camouflage system and manufacturing method
US5237927A (en) * 1991-10-21 1993-08-24 Olin Corporation Energetic consumable cartridge case

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