US3862665A - Scrape-type cutter for drill bits - Google Patents
Scrape-type cutter for drill bits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3862665A US3862665A US405465A US40546573A US3862665A US 3862665 A US3862665 A US 3862665A US 405465 A US405465 A US 405465A US 40546573 A US40546573 A US 40546573A US 3862665 A US3862665 A US 3862665A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drill bit
- bit head
- cutter
- type cutter
- set forth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/10—Roller bits with roller axle supported at both ends
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/14—Roller bits combined with non-rolling cutters other than of leading-portion type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/20—Roller bits characterised by detachable or adjustable parts, e.g. legs or axles
Definitions
- Another object is to provide drill bit cutter assemblies which are suitable for large hole earth drilling bits, which can readily be replaced without replacement of the entire drill bit, and which assemblies can be disposed between cutter support legs of existing mounting saddles on cutter heads for tunneling machines or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a bottom plan view of the drill bit of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section, taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, showing cutter traces, and with some of the cutters being rotated into the plane of the paper.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged, side elevational view of a dragtype cutter assembly.
- FIG. 4 is a view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3.
- a cutter assembly 10 is shown mounted on a steel cutter support or saddle 11.
- the saddle 11 has a base 12 which may be welded as at 13 to a drill bit head 14.
- the bit head 14 here includes steel plates Hand 16 which are joined together by welding circular members 17 and 18 therebetween.
- the plate 16 is adapted to be operably connected to a drilling machine (not shown).
- cutter saddles 11 may have removably mounted therein roller cutters 20.
- An example of this type of cutter mounting is shown in US. Pat. No. 3,747,999 to Dan B. Justman, patented July 24, 1973.
- the drag-type cutter assembly 10 includes a frusto-conical steel body 21 mounted for limited rotational movement on a steel shaft 22 which extends between the legs 23 and 24 of the saddle 11.
- the ends of the shaft 22 may be rectangular in shape to fit into complementary openings in the legs 23 and 24.
- the shaft 22 is secured to the saddle legs by bolt means .25.
- the cutter assembly 10 may have steel ribs 26 welded to the conical body 21.
- the ribs 26 have slots 27 into.
- the body 21 has welded thereon steel stop arms 30 and 31 which serve to limit the rotational movement of the cutter assembly 10 about its axis.
- stop arms 30 and 31 which serve to limit the rotational movement of the cutter assembly 10 about its axis.
- the stop arm 31 engages the base 12, as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 4.
- the cutting teeth 34 (which are similar to cutting teeth 28 but face in the opposite direction) are positioned in a similar but opposite position to that shown for the cutting teeth 28 in FIG. 4.
- the drilling machine rotates the bit head 14 and drives it forwardly into the formation.
- the drilling machine tends to twist about the axis of bit rotation because of the torque required to drive the bit head.
- the drilling machine may tend to deviate from its desired level and plumb position.
- the drilling machine may be rotated in the opposite direction, which requires that the scraper-type cutter 10 be repositioned in order to achieve an optimum cutting position for the cutter teeth 28 or 34.
- this is automatically accomplished since the frictional engagement of the cutter assembly 10 with the formation being encountered rotates the cutter assembly 10 about its axis until such rotational movement is stopped by stop arms 30 or 31 depending upon the direction of rotation of the bit head 14.
- the cutting teeth 28 and ,34 may comprise various shapes, sizes and materials.
- the cutting teeth may be inserts pressed into the ribs 26. They may be made of tool steel or tungsten carbide.
- the cutting teeth may employ wear-resistant pads or be dressed with hard surfacing materials, it being understood that the cutting teeth shown are examples of those that can I be used.
- a drill bit head including a plate member having a plurality of support saddles mounted thereon in spaced relation to one another, said saddles having spaced apart legs,
- said body engagable with said saddle to limit the rotational movement thereof, said body having cutting members mounted thereon and adapted to assume a first cutting position when the drill bit head is rotated in one direction, and
- a drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said cutting members may be formed of tungsten carbide. means includes diametrically disposed arms secured to 5.
- a drill bit head as set forth in claim I wherein said said body. cutting members may include tool steel.
Abstract
A drill bit for drilling large diameter holes in the earth has drag or scraper-type cutters substituted for some or all of the usual roller-type cutters. The drag-type cutter may be adapted for limited rotational movement about its axis so that the drag cutter assumes a first cutting position when the bit is rotated in one direction, and automatically assumes a second cutting position when the bit is rotated in an opposite direction.
Description
States Patent 1 191 1 1 Jan. 28, 1975 i 1 SCRAPE-TYPE CUTTER FOR DRILL BITS 1751 Inventor: Duane W. Wallace, Houston, Tex.
[73] Assignee: Reed Tool Company, Houston, Tex.
[22] Filed: Oct. 11, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 405,465
[52] US. Cl 175/383, 175/336, 175/379 {51] Int. Cl. E2lc 13/00 [58] Field of Search 175/383, 379, 292, 342, 175/336, 401
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,002,388 5/1935 Bannister 175/383 2,690,904 10/1954 Muschamp et a1, 299/91 3,251,425 5/1966 Bridwell et al...- 175/383 X 3,269,469 8/1966 Kelly 175/336 Pentith et a1. 175 4111 x Mays 1 175/292 x Primary Examiner-Frank L. Abbott Assistant Examiner-Richard E. Favreau Attorney, Agent, or Firm-C. M. Kucera [57] ABSTRACT A drill bit for drilling large diameter holes in the earth has drag or scraper-type cutters substituted for some or all of the usual roller-type cutters. The drag-type cutter may be adapted for limited rotational movement about its axis so that the drag cutter assumes a first cutting position when the bit is rotated in one direction, and automatically assumes a second cutting position when the bit is rotated in an opposite direction.
5 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENIEI] JAN 2 8 I975 SHEEI 10F 2 BH' ROTA'HON SCRAPE-TYPE CUTTER FOR DRILL BITS SUMMARY The present invention relates to earth boring bits and to cutters mounted thereon of the type particularly useful in the drilling of tunnels or the like.
It is an object of this invention to provide new and improved replaceable drag-type cutter assemblies which are adapted to fit into roller cutter supports of the type usually employed with such drilltbits.
Another object is to provide drill bit cutter assemblies which are suitable for large hole earth drilling bits, which can readily be replaced without replacement of the entire drill bit, and which assemblies can be disposed between cutter support legs of existing mounting saddles on cutter heads for tunneling machines or the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a bottom plan view of the drill bit of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section, taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, showing cutter traces, and with some of the cutters being rotated into the plane of the paper.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, side elevational view of a dragtype cutter assembly.
FIG. 4 is a view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A cutter assembly 10 is shown mounted on a steel cutter support or saddle 11. The saddle 11 has a base 12 which may be welded as at 13 to a drill bit head 14. The bit head 14 here includes steel plates Hand 16 which are joined together by welding circular members 17 and 18 therebetween. The plate 16 is adapted to be operably connected to a drilling machine (not shown).
Some of the cutter saddles 11 may have removably mounted therein roller cutters 20. An example of this type of cutter mounting is shown in US. Pat. No. 3,747,999 to Dan B. Justman, patented July 24, 1973.
Some of the cutters 20 may be dispensed with and, in lieu thereof, the drag or scraper-type cutter assembly 10 may be employed. If the formations being encountered are relatively easy to drill, all of the cutter saddles 11 may be supplied with drag-type cutter assemblies Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the drag-type cutter assembly 10 includes a frusto-conical steel body 21 mounted for limited rotational movement on a steel shaft 22 which extends between the legs 23 and 24 of the saddle 11. The ends of the shaft 22 may be rectangular in shape to fit into complementary openings in the legs 23 and 24. The shaft 22 is secured to the saddle legs by bolt means .25.
The cutter assembly 10 may have steel ribs 26 welded to the conical body 21. The ribs 26 have slots 27 into.
which are disposed cutting teeth 28 which may be secured to the ribs 26 by screw means 29, or in any other suitable manner.
The body 21 has welded thereon steel stop arms 30 and 31 which serve to limit the rotational movement of the cutter assembly 10 about its axis. Thus when the drill bit is rotated in the direction of the arrow 32, the cutting teeth 28 are positioned as shown and the stop arm 30 engages the base 12 of the saddle 11.
When the drill bit is rotated oppositely, as shown at 33, the stop arm 31 engages the base 12, as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 4. When'this occurs, the cutting teeth 34 (which are similar to cutting teeth 28 but face in the opposite direction) are positioned in a similar but opposite position to that shown for the cutting teeth 28 in FIG. 4.
In drilling tunnels, for example, the drilling machine rotates the bit head 14 and drives it forwardly into the formation. As drilling progresses, the drilling machine tends to twist about the axis of bit rotation because of the torque required to drive the bit head. Thus the drilling machine may tend to deviate from its desired level and plumb position.
To compensate for this condition, the drilling machine may be rotated in the opposite direction, which requires that the scraper-type cutter 10 be repositioned in order to achieve an optimum cutting position for the cutter teeth 28 or 34. In my invention, this is automatically accomplished since the frictional engagement of the cutter assembly 10 with the formation being encountered rotates the cutter assembly 10 about its axis until such rotational movement is stopped by stop arms 30 or 31 depending upon the direction of rotation of the bit head 14.
The useful life of the cutter assemblies is thus extended since two sets of cutting teeth are employed on each cutter assembly.
The cutting teeth 28 and ,34 may comprise various shapes, sizes and materials. For example, the cutting teeth may be inserts pressed into the ribs 26. They may be made of tool steel or tungsten carbide. The cutting teeth may employ wear-resistant pads or be dressed with hard surfacing materials, it being understood that the cutting teeth shown are examples of those that can I be used.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the shape, size, locations and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
1 What is claimed is:
1. A drill bit head including a plate member having a plurality of support saddles mounted thereon in spaced relation to one another, said saddles having spaced apart legs,
rolling cutters and at least one drag type cutter disposed in said support saddles with said drag type cutter being interchangeable with a rolling cutter, said drag type cutter including a body mounted for rotational movement on a shaft disposed between the legs of a saddle,
means on said body engagable with said saddle to limit the rotational movement thereof, said body having cutting members mounted thereon and adapted to assume a first cutting position when the drill bit head is rotated in one direction, and
adapted to assume automatically a second cutting position when the drill bit head is rotated in'an opposite direction.
2. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said body is of frusto-conical shape and is provided with slotted ribs for holding a plurality of cutting teeth.
3 ,862,665 3 3. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said cutting members may be formed of tungsten carbide. means includes diametrically disposed arms secured to 5. A drill bit head as set forth in claim I wherein said said body. cutting members may include tool steel.
4. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
Claims (5)
1. A drill bit head including a plate member having a plurality of support saddles mounted thereon in spaced relation to one another, said saddles having spaced apart legs, rolling cutters and at least one drag type cutter disposed in said support saddles with said drag type cutter being interchangeable with a rolling cutter, said drag type cutter including a body mounted for rotational movement on a shaft disposed between the legs of a saddle, means on said body engagable with said saddle to limit the rotational movement thereof, said body having cutting members mounted thereon and adapted to assume a first cutting position when the drill bit head is rotated in one direction, and adapted to assume automatically a second cutting position when the drill bit head is rotated in an opposite direction.
2. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said body is of frusto-conical shape and is provided with slotted ribs for holding a plurality of cutting teeth.
3. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means includes diametrically disposed arms secured to said body.
4. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said cutting members may be formed of tungsten carbide.
5. A drill bit head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said cutting members may include tool steel.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US405465A US3862665A (en) | 1973-10-11 | 1973-10-11 | Scrape-type cutter for drill bits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US405465A US3862665A (en) | 1973-10-11 | 1973-10-11 | Scrape-type cutter for drill bits |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3862665A true US3862665A (en) | 1975-01-28 |
Family
ID=23603810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US405465A Expired - Lifetime US3862665A (en) | 1973-10-11 | 1973-10-11 | Scrape-type cutter for drill bits |
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US (1) | US3862665A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4690228A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-01 | Eastman Christensen Company | Changeover bit for extended life, varied formations and steady wear |
US4751972A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-06-21 | Smith International, Inc. | Revolving cutters for rock bits |
US5560440A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1996-10-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Bit for subterranean drilling fabricated from separately-formed major components |
EP0957232A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-17 | BOART LONGYEAR GMBH & CO. KG HARTMETALLWERKZEUGFABRIK | Roller bit with segemented cutting rings for tunneling machines |
WO1999058808A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Boart Longyear Gmbh & Co. Kg Hartmetallwerkzeug Fabrik | Roller bit for tunnel-boring machines having replaceable bit points |
US20090301788A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Stevens John H | Composite metal, cemented carbide bit construction |
US10704330B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2020-07-07 | National Oilwell DHT, L.P. | Drilling systems and hybrid drill bits for drilling in a subterranean formation and methods relating thereto |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2002388A (en) * | 1933-11-14 | 1935-05-21 | Clyde E Bannister | Rocker blade bit |
US2690904A (en) * | 1950-06-23 | 1954-10-05 | Muschamp Norman James | Cutter pick assembly for reversible chain mining machines |
US3251425A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1966-05-17 | Exxon Production Research Co | Drag bit |
US3269469A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1966-08-30 | Hughes Tool Co | Solid head rotary-percussion bit with rolling cutters |
US3413036A (en) * | 1965-11-20 | 1968-11-26 | Mining Progress Inc | Pick having limited angular movement, opposed directional cutting faces, and trunnion mounting therefor |
US3561550A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1971-02-09 | Gordon E Mays | Expansible rotary drill bit |
-
1973
- 1973-10-11 US US405465A patent/US3862665A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2002388A (en) * | 1933-11-14 | 1935-05-21 | Clyde E Bannister | Rocker blade bit |
US2690904A (en) * | 1950-06-23 | 1954-10-05 | Muschamp Norman James | Cutter pick assembly for reversible chain mining machines |
US3251425A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1966-05-17 | Exxon Production Research Co | Drag bit |
US3269469A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1966-08-30 | Hughes Tool Co | Solid head rotary-percussion bit with rolling cutters |
US3413036A (en) * | 1965-11-20 | 1968-11-26 | Mining Progress Inc | Pick having limited angular movement, opposed directional cutting faces, and trunnion mounting therefor |
US3561550A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1971-02-09 | Gordon E Mays | Expansible rotary drill bit |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4751972A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-06-21 | Smith International, Inc. | Revolving cutters for rock bits |
US4690228A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-01 | Eastman Christensen Company | Changeover bit for extended life, varied formations and steady wear |
EP0237867A2 (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-23 | Eastman Christensen Company | Changeover bit for extended life, varied formations and steady wear |
EP0237867A3 (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-02-08 | Eastman Christensen Company | Changeover bit for extended life, varied formations and steady wear |
US5560440A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1996-10-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Bit for subterranean drilling fabricated from separately-formed major components |
EP0957232A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-17 | BOART LONGYEAR GMBH & CO. KG HARTMETALLWERKZEUGFABRIK | Roller bit with segemented cutting rings for tunneling machines |
WO1999058808A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Boart Longyear Gmbh & Co. Kg Hartmetallwerkzeug Fabrik | Roller bit for tunnel-boring machines having replaceable bit points |
US6343842B1 (en) | 1998-05-13 | 2002-02-05 | Boart Longyear Gmbh & Co. Kg Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik | Roller bit for tunnel-driving machines with segmented cutting rings |
US20090301788A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Stevens John H | Composite metal, cemented carbide bit construction |
US10704330B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2020-07-07 | National Oilwell DHT, L.P. | Drilling systems and hybrid drill bits for drilling in a subterranean formation and methods relating thereto |
US10988988B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2021-04-27 | National Oilwell DHT, L.P. | Drilling systems and hybrid drill bits for drilling in a subterranean formation and methods relating thereto |
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