US3853472A - Diagnostic test strip for the detection of components of body fluids - Google Patents

Diagnostic test strip for the detection of components of body fluids Download PDF

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US3853472A
US3853472A US00376248A US37624873A US3853472A US 3853472 A US3853472 A US 3853472A US 00376248 A US00376248 A US 00376248A US 37624873 A US37624873 A US 37624873A US 3853472 A US3853472 A US 3853472A
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test strip
quinoline
compound
test
benzo
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W Rittersdorf
H Rey
W Guthlein
P Rieckmann
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Roche Diagnostics GmbH
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Boehringer Mannheim GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
    • C12Q1/28—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase involving peroxidase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10S436/904—Oxidation - reduction indicators

Definitions

  • Wolk Assistant Examiner-Arnold Turk Attorney, Agent, or FirmBurgess, 'Dinklage & Sprung ABSTRACT Test strips are provided for detecting even small amounts of blood or other peroxidatively active substances in body fluids; the strips comprising a carrier containing a hydroperoxide, a chromogen, and as an activator, a compound of the formula i'cdc wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and benzene and/or pyridine rings are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and g, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously each contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein the.
  • aromatic compounds (1) apart from the positions indicated by H and R, can be substituted by lower alkyl radicals which together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.
  • hemorrhages are caused, for example, by tumors, ulcers .and inflammations of the corresponding organsQFurthermore, free hemoglobin can also occur in the urine and plasma due to the influence of certain hemolytic toxins in the blood.
  • Bloodand hemoglobin are peroxidateactive, i.e., they liberate oxygen from hydroperoxides and transfer it to certain acceptors. Other peroxidateactive, substances occur in leukocytes and bacteria. The detection of these substances is important for the diagnosis of diseases and infections of the kidney and urinary tract.
  • Myoglobin which is also perioxidateactive, is found in the urine, for example, after a cardiac infarct. Furthermore, blood occurs especially frequently in the urine when calculi are present in the bladder or kidneys.
  • Rapid tests are usually absorbent carriers, preferably papers, which have'been impregnated with all of the reagents necessary for the detection reaction. After simply dipping them into a body fluid, they show a color reaction. Because of the great importance which rapid tests have recently achieved, they have been developed in various ways for the detection of blood in body flu.- ids.
  • German Pat. No. 1,242,905 describes test papers which, as activating additives, contain certain quinoline derivatives, preferably quinine. lt is certainly asserted that the sensitivity can be considerably increased with the mentioned additives but, acccording to our own investigations, it is practically impossible also to detect leukocytes and bacteria with the test strips improved in this manner.
  • the instant invention provides test strips for the detection of peroxidate-active substances with a hitherto unachievably high sensitivity.
  • test 5 strips comprising as the activator, an aromatic compound of the general formula:
  • R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and benzene and/or pyridine rings are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and 3, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously each contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein the aromatic compounds (1), apart from the positions indi cated by H and R can be substituted by lower alkyl radicals which together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.
  • R is a hydrogen atom.
  • R is a hydrogen atom.
  • alkyl radicals there are to be understood alkyl radicals containing up to four carbon atoms and, when two alkyl radicals together form a hydroaromatic ring, 5- and 6- membered rings are preferred.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) do not increase the sensitivity of peroxidases of vegetable origin, for example horseradish peroxidase, but act specifically on peroxidate-active substances of human and animal origin. It is thus possible selectively to detect leukocytes, blood and blood components and bacteria in feces or in vomit in the presence of vegetable peroxidases. In this case, myoglobin is detected with about the same degree of sensitivity as hemoglobin.
  • the sensitivity of the detection reaction is increased by some of the compounds of general formula (l) to such an extent that even in urine it is possible to detect individual erythrocytes which are visible on the test paper as colored dots.
  • a test paper with which it is still possible clearly to detect 5 erythrocytes per mm urine. This corresponds to a blood dilution of l:l,000,000.
  • the sensitivity can be further modified by alkyl substitution; thus, for example, by means of a methyl substituent in a a-position to a cyclic nitrogen atom, the activity is somewhat reduced, whereas otherwise it usually leads to an increase of the activation.
  • the sensitivity limit of a test strip which contains a weak activator for example 2, 8- dimethyl-l,7-phenanthroline, is about erythrocytes/mm urine.
  • the activation agents according to the present invention can be used in amounts of about 0.05-1.0 percent, preferably of 0.2-0.5 percent, per 100 ml. impregnation solution.
  • an organic hydroperoxide an oxidation indicator (chromogen), a buffer and a surface-active agent, as well as, if desired, a phosphoramide, for example phosphoric acid trimorpholide, for stabilization, as well as other conventional adjuvants.
  • hydroperoxides there can be used, for example, cumol hydroperoxide or 2,5-dimethyl-hexane-2,5- dihydroperoxide, and as indicators those of the benzidine series, for example, o-tolidine, or those of the heterocyclic azines series, for example bis-(N-ethylquinol-2-one)-azine or (N-methylbenzthiazol-2-0ne)- (l-ethyl-3-phenyl-5-methyltriazol-2-one)-azine (see German Pat. No. 1,648,840).
  • benzidine series for example, o-tolidine
  • heterocyclic azines series for example bis-(N-ethylquinol-2-one)-azine or (N-methylbenzthiazol-2-0ne)- (l-ethyl-3-phenyl-5-methyltriazol-2-one)-azine (see German Pat. No. 1,648,840).
  • the indicators can be used in amounts of from 0.05-5 g., preferably of 0.2-l .0 g., per ml. of impregnation solution.
  • buffer there can be used, for example, a citrate, phosphate, phthalate or succinate buffer, the pH value and capacity being so chosen that, after dipping the test strip into a body fluid, a pH value of 4-7, preferably of 5-6, is obtained thereon.
  • test strips due to the relatively large amounts of water-soluble substances present therein, could tend to bleed, it is of practical importance to add a thickening agent to the formulation, for example methyl cellulose and, in particular, gelatine, preferably in an amount of about 0.5-5 g. per I00 ml.
  • a thickening agent for example methyl cellulose and, in particular, gelatine, preferably in an amount of about 0.5-5 g. per I00 ml.
  • wetting agent there is preferably used a longchained organic sulphate or sulphonate, for example sodium dodecyl-benzene sulphonate, dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate or sodium lauryl sulphate, which, as is known, stabilizes radical cations, such asoxidized otolidine.
  • the wetting agents can be added to the impregnation solution in amounts of 0.5 to 5 percent, preferably of l 3 percent.
  • absorbent carriers for example filter paper, cellulose or synthetic resin fleeces
  • solutions of the reagents in readily volatile solvents This is preferably carried out in two separate steps. First, impregnation is carried out with a solution which contains a hydroperoxide, wetting agent, buffer and optionally a thickening agent. Thereafter, impregnation is carried out with a solution of an indicator and of an activator of general formula (I).
  • test strips according to the present invention are,
  • Solution 1 1.2M citrate buffer, pH 5.25 35.0 ml. ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, disodium salt 0.l g. dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 2.0 g. 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,S-dihydroperoxide (about 70%) 1.6 g. phosphoric acid trimorpholide l2.7 g. ethanol 30.0 ml. distilled water ad 100.0 ml.
  • a white test paper is obtained which, upon dipping into a blood-containing urine, becomes green colored after about 5 to seconds. If the'erythrocytes are intact, then the paper is green flecked. lf hemolysis has taken place or if free hemoglobin is present in the urine, then the paper becomes uniformly green colored.
  • the sensitivity is about 5 erythrocytes/mm or the corresponding amount of hemoglobin. A smaller number of intact erythrocytes can, under certain circumstances, still bring about individual green dots on the test paper. The sensitivity with regard to myoglobin corresponds to that for hemoglobin.
  • Leukocytes and bacteria are also detected when intact, by flecking, or when lysed, by a uniform coloration.
  • test paper obtained is about ten times less sensitive than the test papers according to Examples 1 and 2 (about 50-100 erythrocytes/mm in 3060 seconds).
  • Test papers of similar sensitivity are obtained when, instead of 3-methylbenzo [f] quinoline, there is used an equimolar amount of one of the'following activators: 1,3-dimethylbenzo [f] quinoline; 2,4-dimethylbenzo [g] quinoline; 6-methylphenanthridine; 3,8-dimethyl- 4,7-phenanthroline; 2,8-dimethyl-l,7-phenanthroline; or 2,7-dimethyll ,o-anthrazoline.
  • Test strip for the detection of peroxidatively-active substances in body fluids, comprising a carrier containing a hydroperoxide, at least one chromogen and, as an activator, a compound of the formula wherein R is hydrogen or methyl; and benzene and/or pyridine ririgs are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and g, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein said compound can be substituted, other than in the positions indicated by H and R by lower alkyl radicals, which radicals together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.
  • Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is an absorbent material impregnated with the reagents.
  • Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is a water-stable film with the reagents incorporated therein.
  • Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.2-0.5 percent of activator per 100 ml. of solution.
  • Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.05-5 g. of chromogen per 100 ml. of solution.
  • Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains a buffer and or a complex former, a thickener or a wetting agent.
  • Method of detecting small amounts of blood in a body fluid comprises contacting a test sample of the body fluid with a test strip as claimed in .claim 1 and observing the color formation thereon as an indication of the absence or presence of blood in said saple.
  • Method of detecting small amounts of peroxidatively active substances in a body fluid comprises contacting a test sample of the body fluid with a test strip as claimed in claim 1 and observing the color formation thereon as an indication of the absence or presence of peroxidatively active substances in said sample.

Abstract

Test strips are provided for detecting even small amounts of blood or other peroxidatively active substances in body fluids; the strips comprising a carrier containing a hydroperoxide, a chromogen, and as an activator, a compound of the formula WHEREIN R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and benzene and/or pyridine rings are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and g, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously each contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein the aromatic compounds (1), apart from the positions indicated by H and R1, can be substituted by lower alkyl radicals which together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.

Description

United States Patent 91 Bit e -stint! ta Dec. 10, 1974 Rieckmann, Mannheim-Waldhof, all i of Germany [73] Assignee: Boehringer Mannheim GrnbH,
Mannheim, Germany [22] Filed: July 3, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 376,248
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data July 18, 1972 Germany 2235152 [52] U.S. Cl. 23/230 B, 23/253 TP, 252/186,
[51] Int. CL. G0ln 31/22, G01n 33/16, C07d 33/00 [58] Field of Search..... 23/230 B, 253 TP; 252/408, 252/186, 400 A; 195/1035 R [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS. 3,290,117 12/1966 Adams et al. 23/230 B X 3,712,853 1/1973 Rittersdorf et al 195/1035 R Primary ExaminerMorris O. Wolk Assistant Examiner-Arnold Turk Attorney, Agent, or FirmBurgess, 'Dinklage & Sprung ABSTRACT Test strips are provided for detecting even small amounts of blood or other peroxidatively active substances in body fluids; the strips comprising a carrier containing a hydroperoxide, a chromogen, and as an activator, a compound of the formula i'cdc wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and benzene and/or pyridine rings are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and g, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously each contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein the.
aromatic compounds (1), apart from the positions indicated by H and R,, can be substituted by lower alkyl radicals which together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.
29 Claims, N0 Drawings DIAGNOSTIC TEST STRIP FOR THE DETECTION OF COMPONENTS OF BODY FLUIDS The present invention is concerned with a test strip for the sensitive and rapid detection of very small amounts of blood and of other peroxidate-active substances in body fluids.
The detection of small amounts of blood, which are invisible to the naked eye, in urine, feces or vomit is very important for the diagnosis of hemorrhages in the stomach, intestines and urinary tract. Such hemorrhages are caused, for example, by tumors, ulcers .and inflammations of the corresponding organsQFurthermore, free hemoglobin can also occur in the urine and plasma due to the influence of certain hemolytic toxins in the blood. Bloodand hemoglobin are peroxidateactive, i.e., they liberate oxygen from hydroperoxides and transfer it to certain acceptors. Other peroxidateactive, substances occur in leukocytes and bacteria. The detection of these substances is important for the diagnosis of diseases and infections of the kidney and urinary tract. Myoglobin, which is also perioxidateactive, is found in the urine, for example, after a cardiac infarct. Furthermore, blood occurs especially frequently in the urine when calculi are present in the bladder or kidneys.
Their peroxidate action is especially suitable for a sensitivedetection of all of these substances. The oxygen liberated from a hydroperoxide is hereby transferred to a chromogen which is oxidized to a colored substance and thus the presence of the perioxidateactive substance is indicated. This reaction has been used for quite a long time in medicinal and forensic analysis, especially for the detection of blood. The reaction is, as a rule, carried out in a test tube or as a spottest, hydrogen peroxide usually being employed as the hydroperoxide. As chromogen, there is preferably used benzidine, o-tolidine or leuko malachite green.
Rapid tests are usually absorbent carriers, preferably papers, which have'been impregnated with all of the reagents necessary for the detection reaction. After simply dipping them into a body fluid, they show a color reaction. Because of the great importance which rapid tests have recently achieved, they have been developed in various ways for the detection of blood in body flu.- ids.
Since, for the detection of blood, the sensitivity of the rapid test is of decisive importance and, furthermore, it is also desirable, if possible, to include leukocytes and bacteria which are less peroxidate-active, various attempts have already been made to increase the sensitivity of the known detection reactions by means of additives. Thus, for example, German Pat. No. 1,242,905 describes test papers which, as activating additives, contain certain quinoline derivatives, preferably quinine. lt is certainly asserted that the sensitivity can be considerably increased with the mentioned additives but, acccording to our own investigations, it is practically impossible also to detect leukocytes and bacteria with the test strips improved in this manner.
The activating action of quinoline per se on the blood detection reaction has been known for a long time (see Zeitschrift f. gerichtl. Med, 12, 216/1928); however, this, as well as its simple derivatives, are liquid or volatile and, therefore, cannot be used for a rapid test.
The instant invention provides test strips for the detection of peroxidate-active substances with a hitherto unachievably high sensitivity.
Essentially, the present invention comprises test 5 strips comprising as the activator, an aromatic compound of the general formula:
I e d c w W N R1 m wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and benzene and/or pyridine rings are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and 3, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously each contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein the aromatic compounds (1), apart from the positions indi cated by H and R can be substituted by lower alkyl radicals which together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.
Those compounds of general formula (1) are preferred in which R, is a hydrogen atom. By lower alkyl radicals, there are to be understood alkyl radicals containing up to four carbon atoms and, when two alkyl radicals together form a hydroaromatic ring, 5- and 6- membered rings are preferred.
scope of general formula (I); the individual compounds are all known from the literature: 1. Benzoquinolines l.l benzo [c] quinoline (phenanthridine) 2-methylphenanthridine 6-methylphenanthridine 2-ethylphenanthridine 1.2 benzo [f] quinoline 3-methylbenzo [f] quinoline 1,3-dimethylbenzo [f] quinoline 1,2-tetramethylenebenzo [f] quinoline 1,2-trimethylenebenzo [f] quinoline 1.3 benzo [g] quinoline 4-methylbenzo [g] quinoline 2,4-dimethylbenzo [g] quinoline 2. Dibenzoquinolines.
2.l dibenzo [c,f] quinoline (benzo [a] phenanthridine) 2.2 dibenzo [c,d,e] quinoline (4-azapyrene, thebenidine) 3. Pyridoquinolines 3.1 pyrido [2,3-f] quinoline (1,7-phenanthroline) 2-methyl-l 7-phenanthroline 2,8-dimethyll ,7-phenanthroline 3.2 pyrido [3,2-f] quinoline (4,7-phenanthroline) 3-methyl-4,7-phenanthroline 3,8-dimethyl-4,7-phenanthroline l,3,4,8-tetramethyl-4,7-phenanthroline 3.3 pyrido [2,3-f] quinoline (l,6-anthrazoline) 2,7-dimethyll ,6-anthrazoline Consequently, according to the present invention, there is provided a test strip for the detection of peroxidate-active substances in body fluids, comprising a carrier containing a hydroperoxide, at least one chromogen and, as activator, a compound of general formula In the following, there are given examples of the most important groups of compounds coming within the It was not to have been foreseen that the modification according to the present invention, of the known activator quinoline would lead to such an extraordinary increase in effectiveness. It is important for the present invention that only anelation of certain positions of the quinoline system enables an increase of activity to be achieved. Thus, for example, in the case of anelation of the {b]- and [h]-positions of the quinoline, i.e., in the case of acridine or of benzo [h] quinoline, the activity is reduced in comparison with quinoline. The b and h positions being the next logical sides of the compound of general formula (I).
The effectiveness of the compounds used as activators according to the present invention is difficult to explain; if, as might be regarded as being obvious, it were due to complex formation with the peroxidate-active substances, then, for example, o-phenanthroline, which is known to be a strong complex former, should also have a strong activating effect. However, this is not the case, whereas mand p-phenanthroline are very effective activators.
Surprisingly, the compounds of general formula (I) do not increase the sensitivity of peroxidases of vegetable origin, for example horseradish peroxidase, but act specifically on peroxidate-active substances of human and animal origin. It is thus possible selectively to detect leukocytes, blood and blood components and bacteria in feces or in vomit in the presence of vegetable peroxidases. In this case, myoglobin is detected with about the same degree of sensitivity as hemoglobin.
The sensitivity of the detection reaction is increased by some of the compounds of general formula (l) to such an extent that even in urine it is possible to detect individual erythrocytes which are visible on the test paper as colored dots. Thus, for example, by means of phenanthridine, it is possible to produce a test paper with which it is still possible clearly to detect 5 erythrocytes per mm urine. This corresponds to a blood dilution of l:l,000,000.
It is, of course, obvious that not all of the compounds coming within the scope of general formula (I) possess activating properties of the same degree. Thus, it is possible to adjust the sensitivity of, for example, a blood test in accordance with practical requirements. For example, test strips of increasing activity are obtained when, as activator, there are used the compounds set out in the following and in the given order: mphenanthroline p-phenanthroline benzo- (f)quinoline phenanthridine.
The sensitivity can be further modified by alkyl substitution; thus, for example, by means of a methyl substituent in a a-position to a cyclic nitrogen atom, the activity is somewhat reduced, whereas otherwise it usually leads to an increase of the activation.
Thus, for example, the sensitivity limit of a test strip which contains a weak activator, for example 2, 8- dimethyl-l,7-phenanthroline, is about erythrocytes/mm urine.
The activation agents according to the present invention can be used in amounts of about 0.05-1.0 percent, preferably of 0.2-0.5 percent, per 100 ml. impregnation solution.
Further components of a rapid test for blood are an organic hydroperoxide, an oxidation indicator (chromogen), a buffer and a surface-active agent, as well as, if desired, a phosphoramide, for example phosphoric acid trimorpholide, for stabilization, as well as other conventional adjuvants.
As hydroperoxides, there can be used, for example, cumol hydroperoxide or 2,5-dimethyl-hexane-2,5- dihydroperoxide, and as indicators those of the benzidine series, for example, o-tolidine, or those of the heterocyclic azines series, for example bis-(N-ethylquinol-2-one)-azine or (N-methylbenzthiazol-2-0ne)- (l-ethyl-3-phenyl-5-methyltriazol-2-one)-azine (see German Pat. No. 1,648,840).
The indicators can be used in amounts of from 0.05-5 g., preferably of 0.2-l .0 g., per ml. of impregnation solution.
As buffer, there can be used, for example, a citrate, phosphate, phthalate or succinate buffer, the pH value and capacity being so chosen that, after dipping the test strip into a body fluid, a pH value of 4-7, preferably of 5-6, is obtained thereon.
It is also advantageous to add to the formulation small amounts of about 0.05-0.5 g. per 100 ml. of a complex former, for example sodium metaphosphate or ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid, falsely positive reactions, which could be due to traces of metals, thereby being avoided.
Since the test strips, due to the relatively large amounts of water-soluble substances present therein, could tend to bleed, it is of practical importance to add a thickening agent to the formulation, for example methyl cellulose and, in particular, gelatine, preferably in an amount of about 0.5-5 g. per I00 ml.
As wetting agent, there is preferably used a longchained organic sulphate or sulphonate, for example sodium dodecyl-benzene sulphonate, dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate or sodium lauryl sulphate, which, as is known, stabilizes radical cations, such asoxidized otolidine. The wetting agents can be added to the impregnation solution in amounts of 0.5 to 5 percent, preferably of l 3 percent.
For the production of the test strips according to the present invention, absorbent carriers, for example filter paper, cellulose or synthetic resin fleeces, can be impregnated with solutions of the reagents in readily volatile solvents. This is preferably carried out in two separate steps. First, impregnation is carried out with a solution which contains a hydroperoxide, wetting agent, buffer and optionally a thickening agent. Thereafter, impregnation is carried out with a solution of an indicator and of an activator of general formula (I).
The test strips according to the present invention are,
after drying, cut up into strips and preferably sealed between a synthetic resin film and a fine-meshed material in the manner described in German Pat. No. 2,1 18,455.
For the detection of'peroxidate-active substances in feces, it is also possible to incorporate the activators according to the present invention, together with the reagents, in a water-stable film in the manner described in US. Pat. No. 3,630,957. This has the advantage that the surface of the test strip can, for reading off the color reaction, be cleaned simply by wiping it.
The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention:
EXAMPLE 1 Filter paper is successively impregnated with the following solutions and dried at 40C.:
Solution 1 1.2M citrate buffer, pH 5.25 35.0 ml. ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, disodium salt 0.l g. dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 2.0 g. 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,S-dihydroperoxide (about 70%) 1.6 g. phosphoric acid trimorpholide l2.7 g. ethanol 30.0 ml. distilled water ad 100.0 ml.
Solution 2 o-tolidine 0.3 g. phenanthridine 0.2 g. toluene ad l00.0 ml.
A white test paper is obtained which, upon dipping into a blood-containing urine, becomes green colored after about 5 to seconds. If the'erythrocytes are intact, then the paper is green flecked. lf hemolysis has taken place or if free hemoglobin is present in the urine, then the paper becomes uniformly green colored. The sensitivity is about 5 erythrocytes/mm or the corresponding amount of hemoglobin. A smaller number of intact erythrocytes can, under certain circumstances, still bring about individual green dots on the test paper. The sensitivity with regard to myoglobin corresponds to that for hemoglobin.
Leukocytes and bacteria are also detected when intact, by flecking, or when lysed, by a uniform coloration.
EXAMPLE 2 When, in Solution 1 of Example 1, instead of 2.5-
pyrido [3,2-f] quinoline; 3-methyl-4,7- phenanthroline; or pyrido [2,3-f] quinoline.
EXAMPLE 3 Filter paper is impregnated with the following solutions and dried at 40C.:
Solution l 1.2M nitrate buffer, pH 5.25 40. ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid,
, disodium salt 0 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 2 gelatine 2 2,5-dimethylhexane-2.S-dihydroperoxide (about 70%) ethanol distilled water Solution 2 o-tolidine B-rnethylbenzo [f] quinoline toluene The test paper obtained is about ten times less sensitive than the test papers according to Examples 1 and 2 (about 50-100 erythrocytes/mm in 3060 seconds).
Test papers of similar sensitivity are obtained when, instead of 3-methylbenzo [f] quinoline, there is used an equimolar amount of one of the'following activators: 1,3-dimethylbenzo [f] quinoline; 2,4-dimethylbenzo [g] quinoline; 6-methylphenanthridine; 3,8-dimethyl- 4,7-phenanthroline; 2,8-dimethyl-l,7-phenanthroline; or 2,7-dimethyll ,o-anthrazoline.
It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
What is claimed is:
1. Test strip for the detection of peroxidatively-active substances in body fluids, comprising a carrier containing a hydroperoxide, at least one chromogen and, as an activator, a compound of the formula wherein R is hydrogen or methyl; and benzene and/or pyridine ririgs are fused on at least one of the positions indicated with c, (d,e), f and g, provided that two adjacent rings must not simultaneously contain a cyclic nitrogen atom, and wherein said compound can be substituted, other than in the positions indicated by H and R by lower alkyl radicals, which radicals together can also form a hydroaromatic ring.
2. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein R is formula (l) is hydrogen.
3. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein R in formula (l) is methyl.
4. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound contains a benzene ring fused on at least one of the c, (d,e), for g positions.
5. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound contains a pyridine ring fused on at least one of the f or g positions. v
6. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound contains a benzene ring fused to at least one of the c, (d,e), f or g positions and a pyridine ring on one of the f and g positions.
7. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is substituted in at least one available ring position by a lower alkyl radical of from one to four carbon atoms.
8. Test strip as claimed in claim 7, wherein there are two such alkyl radicals linked together to form a 5 or 6-membered hydroaromatic ring.
9. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a benzo [c] quinoline.
10. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a benzo [f] quinoline.
11. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a benzo [g] quinoline.
12. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a dibenzoquinoline.
13. Test strip as claimed in claim 12, wherein said dibenzoquinoline is dibenzo [c,f] quinoline.
14. Test strip as claimed in claim 12, wherein dibenzoquinoline is dibenzo [c,d,e] quinoline.
15. Test strip as Claimed in claim 1, wherein compound is a pyridoquinoline.
16. Test strip as claimed in claim 15, wherein pyridoquinoline is a pyrido [2,3-f] quinoline. 17. Test strip as claimed in claim 16, wherein pyridoquinoline is a pyrido [3,2-f] quinoline.
18. Test strip as claimed in claim 16, wherein pyridoquinoline is a pyrido [2,3-g] quinoline.
19. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein compound is phenanthridine.
20. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of Z-methylor Z-ethyI-phenanthridine benzo [f] quinoline l,2-tetramethylenebenzo [f] quinoline benzo [g] quinoline 4-methylbenzo [g] quinoline dibenzo [c,d,e] quinoline dibenzo [c,f] quinoline pyrido [3,2-f} quinoline 3-methyl-4,7-phenanthroline pyrido [2,3-f] quinoline S-methylbenzo [f] quinoline 1,3-dimethylbenzo [f] quinoline 2,4-dimethylbenzo [g] quinoline 6-methylphenanthridine 3,8-dimethyl-4,7-phenanthroline 2,8-dimethyll ,7-phenanthroline, and
2.7-dimethyl-l ,o-anthrazoline 21. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is an absorbent material impregnated with the reagents.
said
said
said
said
said
said
22. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is a water-stable film with the reagents incorporated therein.
23. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.05-1 percent of activator per ml. of solution.
24. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.2-0.5 percent of activator per 100 ml. of solution.
25. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.05-5 g. of chromogen per 100 ml. of solution.
26. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.2-1.0 g. of chromogen per 100 ml. of solution.
27. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains a buffer and or a complex former, a thickener or a wetting agent.
28. Method of detecting small amounts of blood in a body fluid which method comprises contacting a test sample of the body fluid with a test strip as claimed in .claim 1 and observing the color formation thereon as an indication of the absence or presence of blood in said saple.
29. Method of detecting small amounts of peroxidatively active substances in a body fluid which method comprises contacting a test sample of the body fluid with a test strip as claimed in claim 1 and observing the color formation thereon as an indication of the absence or presence of peroxidatively active substances in said sample.
t i i i

Claims (29)

1. TEST STRIP FOR THE DETECTION OF PEROXIDATIVELY-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN BODY FLUID, COMPRISING A CARRIER CONTAINING A HYDROPEROXIDE, AT LEAST ONE CHROMOGEN AND, AS AN ACTIVATOR, A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
2. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 is formula (I) is hydrogen.
3. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 in formula (I) is methyl.
4. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound contains a benzene ring fused on at least one of the c, (d,e), f or g positions.
5. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound contains a pyridine ring fused on at least one of the f or g positions.
6. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound contains a benzene ring fused to at least one of the c, (d,e), f or g positions and a pyridine ring on one of the f and g positions.
7. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is substituted in at least one available ring position by a lower alkyl radical of from one to four carbon atoms.
8. Test strip as claimed in claim 7, wherein there are two such alkyl radicals linked together to form a 5 or 6-membered hydroaromatic ring.
9. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a benzo (c) quinoline.
10. Test strip as claimeD in claim 1, wherein said compound is a benzo (f) quinoline.
11. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a benzo (g) quinoline.
12. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a dibenzoquinoline.
13. Test strip as claimed in claim 12, wherein said dibenzoquinoline is dibenzo (c,f) quinoline.
14. Test strip as claimed in claim 12, wherein said dibenzoquinoline is dibenzo (c,d,e) quinoline.
15. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is a pyridoquinoline.
16. Test strip as claimed in claim 15, wherein said pyridoquinoline is a pyrido (2,3-f) quinoline.
17. Test strip as claimed in claim 16, wherein said pyridoquinoline is a pyrido (3,2-f) quinoline.
18. Test strip as claimed in claim 16, wherein said pyridoquinoline is a pyrido (2,3-g) quinoline.
19. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is phenanthridine.
20. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl- or 2-ethyl-phenanthridine benzo (f) quinoline 1,2-tetramethylenebenzo (f) quinoline benzo (g) quinoline 4-methylbenzo (g) quinoline dibenzo (c,d,e) quinoline dibenzo (c,f) quinoline pyrido (3,2-f) quinoline 3-methyl-4,7-phenanthroline pyrido (2,3-f) quinoline 3-methylbenzo (f) quinoline 1,3-dimethylbenzo (f) quinoline 2,4-dimethylbenzo (g) quinoline 6-methylphenanthridine 3,8-dimethyl-4,7-phenanthroline 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-phenanthroline, and 2,7-dimethyl-1,6-anthrazoline
21. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is an absorbent material impregnated with the reagents.
22. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is a water-stable film with the reagents incorporated therein.
23. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.05-1 percent of activator per 100 ml. of solution.
24. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.2-0.5 percent of activator per 100 ml. of solution.
25. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.05-5 g. of chromogen per 100 ml. of solution.
26. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains 0.2-1.0 g. of chromogen per 100 ml. of solution.
27. Test strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reagent solution used for the production thereof contains a buffer and or a complex former, a thickener or a wetting agent.
28. Method of detecting small amounts of blood in a body fluid which method comprises contacting a test sample of the body fluid with a test strip as claimed in claim 1 and observing the color formation thereon as an indication of the absence or presence of blood in said saple.
29. Method of detecting small amounts of peroxidatively active substances in a body fluid which method comprises contacting a test sample of the body fluid with a test strip as claimed in claim 1 and observing the color formation thereon as an indication of the absence or presence of peroxidatively active substances in said sample.
US00376248A 1972-07-18 1973-07-03 Diagnostic test strip for the detection of components of body fluids Expired - Lifetime US3853472A (en)

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JP (1) JPS583680B2 (en)
AR (1) AR195135A1 (en)
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AU (1) AU468582B2 (en)
BE (1) BE864154Q (en)
CA (1) CA988011A (en)
CH (1) CH579275A5 (en)
DD (1) DD105065A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2235152C2 (en)
FI (1) FI53511C (en)
FR (1) FR2198643A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1390900A (en)
HK (1) HK20578A (en)
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US3966414A (en) * 1974-01-16 1976-06-29 Bio-Medical Sciences, Inc. Time temperature indicators
US3975161A (en) * 1975-02-14 1976-08-17 Lachema, Narodni Podnik Biological diagnostic test strip
US3986833A (en) * 1975-09-08 1976-10-19 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Test composition, device, and method for the detection of peroxidatively active substances
US4148611A (en) * 1978-06-28 1979-04-10 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Test composition, device and method for the detection of peroxidatively active substances
US4175923A (en) * 1978-06-26 1979-11-27 Friend William G Method and apparatus for occult blood testing in the home
EP0014929A1 (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-09-03 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Diagnostic means, process for its preparation and its use in determining leucocytes in body fluids
US4251222A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-02-17 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Sensitizers for peroxidative activity tests
US4251223A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-02-17 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Sensitizers for peroxidative activity tests
US4278439A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-07-14 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Sensitizers for peroxidative activity tests
US4339242A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-13 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4339243A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-13 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340393A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340395A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340394A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340392A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4380585A (en) * 1979-11-13 1983-04-19 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4388271A (en) * 1980-01-10 1983-06-14 Rohm Gmbh Rapid diagnostic agents
US4673654A (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-06-16 Warner-Lambert Company Composition for determining peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin
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US4755472A (en) * 1986-01-16 1988-07-05 Miles Inc. Stable composition for the determination of peroxidatively active substances
US4849342A (en) * 1985-01-31 1989-07-18 Savyon Diagnostics Limited Method for carrying out enzyme assays
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US5081040A (en) * 1987-06-29 1992-01-14 Helena Laboratories Corporation Composition and kit for testing for occult blood in human and animal excretions, fluids, or tissue matrixes
US5196167A (en) * 1989-04-04 1993-03-23 Helena Laboratories Corporation Fecal occult blood test product with positive and negative controls
US5217874A (en) * 1989-04-04 1993-06-08 Helena Laboratories Corporation Fecal occult blood test product with positive and negative controls
US5273888A (en) * 1984-01-16 1993-12-28 Helena Laboratories Corporation Chemical test kit and method for determining the presence of blood in a specimen and for verifying the effectiveness of the chemicals
US5369013A (en) * 1987-06-22 1994-11-29 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Method, reagent mixture and kit for determining the presence of bacterial or somatic cells in urine
US5426032A (en) * 1986-08-13 1995-06-20 Lifescan, Inc. No-wipe whole blood glucose test strip
WO1997035030A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Stc Technologies, Inc. A solution-based assay for peroxidatively-active substances in bodily fluids
US5702913A (en) * 1983-12-21 1997-12-30 Helena Laboratories Corporation Chromgen-reagent test system
US5827677A (en) * 1996-02-01 1998-10-27 Universal Lavel Method and device for specifically detecting myoglobin using a non-discriminating peroxidase sensitive assay
US5885789A (en) * 1997-03-20 1999-03-23 Stc Technologies Incorporated Solution-based assay for peroxidatively-active substances in bodily fluids
US6458326B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2002-10-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Protective test strip platform
US6525330B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-02-25 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of strip insertion detection
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US6562625B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-05-13 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US7846383B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2010-12-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Lateral flow assay device and absorbent article containing same
US8012761B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2011-09-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Detection of formaldehyde in urine samples

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CA1143634A (en) * 1980-06-02 1983-03-29 Alan E. Burkhardt Interference-resistant test device for determining a peroxidately active substance in a test sample and method for preparing it
US4672029A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-06-09 Eastman Kodak Company Color-forming couplers and their use in the analytical determination of hydrogen peroxide or other analytes
EP0196743A3 (en) * 1985-01-31 1988-10-19 Savyon Diagnostics Ltd. Stable chemical compositions containing chromogenic materials and peroxides, and method for obtaining them
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Cited By (51)

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US3966414A (en) * 1974-01-16 1976-06-29 Bio-Medical Sciences, Inc. Time temperature indicators
US3975161A (en) * 1975-02-14 1976-08-17 Lachema, Narodni Podnik Biological diagnostic test strip
US3986833A (en) * 1975-09-08 1976-10-19 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Test composition, device, and method for the detection of peroxidatively active substances
JPS5233594A (en) * 1975-09-08 1977-03-14 Miles Lab Testing constitutes* instruments and methods for detection of peroxidation active substances
JPS5831873B2 (en) * 1975-09-08 1983-07-08 マイルス・ラボラトリ−ス・インコ−ポレ−テツド Test composition for detecting peroxidatively active substances
US4175923A (en) * 1978-06-26 1979-11-27 Friend William G Method and apparatus for occult blood testing in the home
US4148611A (en) * 1978-06-28 1979-04-10 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Test composition, device and method for the detection of peroxidatively active substances
US4299917A (en) * 1979-02-14 1981-11-10 Boehringer Manneheim Gmbh Diagnostic agents for the detection of leukocytes in body fluids
EP0014929A1 (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-09-03 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Diagnostic means, process for its preparation and its use in determining leucocytes in body fluids
US4339242A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-13 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340394A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4380585A (en) * 1979-11-13 1983-04-19 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340392A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4339243A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-13 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340393A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4340395A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-20 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Stabilization of benzidine-type indicators with various enhancers
US4278439A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-07-14 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Sensitizers for peroxidative activity tests
EP0030682A1 (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-06-24 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Test composition for peroxidatively active substances, test device containing the composition, process for preparing same and method for the determination of peroxidatively active substances
US4251223A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-02-17 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Sensitizers for peroxidative activity tests
US4251222A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-02-17 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Sensitizers for peroxidative activity tests
US4388271A (en) * 1980-01-10 1983-06-14 Rohm Gmbh Rapid diagnostic agents
US4956300A (en) * 1982-01-05 1990-09-11 Helena Laboratories Corporation Aid for determining the presence of occult blood, method of making the aid, and method of using the aid
US5702913A (en) * 1983-12-21 1997-12-30 Helena Laboratories Corporation Chromgen-reagent test system
US5273888A (en) * 1984-01-16 1993-12-28 Helena Laboratories Corporation Chemical test kit and method for determining the presence of blood in a specimen and for verifying the effectiveness of the chemicals
US4676950A (en) * 1984-02-03 1987-06-30 Foster Research Corporation Indicator and test device for detecting occult blood
US4849342A (en) * 1985-01-31 1989-07-18 Savyon Diagnostics Limited Method for carrying out enzyme assays
US4673654A (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-06-16 Warner-Lambert Company Composition for determining peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin
US4755472A (en) * 1986-01-16 1988-07-05 Miles Inc. Stable composition for the determination of peroxidatively active substances
US6268162B1 (en) 1986-08-13 2001-07-31 Lifescan, Inc. Reflectance measurement of analyte concentration with automatic initiation of timing
US5426032A (en) * 1986-08-13 1995-06-20 Lifescan, Inc. No-wipe whole blood glucose test strip
US5563042A (en) * 1986-08-13 1996-10-08 Lifescan, Inc. Whole blood glucose test strip
US6887426B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2005-05-03 Roger Phillips Reagents test strip adapted for receiving an unmeasured sample while in use in an apparatus
US6881550B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2005-04-19 Roger Phillips Method for the determination of glucose employing an apparatus emplaced matrix
US6858401B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2005-02-22 Lifescan, Inc. Minimum procedure system for the determination of analytes
US5843692A (en) * 1986-08-13 1998-12-01 Lifescan, Inc. Automatic initiation of a time interval for measuring glucose concentration in a sample of whole blood
US6821483B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2004-11-23 Lifescan, Inc. Reagents test strip with alignment notch
US5369013A (en) * 1987-06-22 1994-11-29 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Method, reagent mixture and kit for determining the presence of bacterial or somatic cells in urine
US5081040A (en) * 1987-06-29 1992-01-14 Helena Laboratories Corporation Composition and kit for testing for occult blood in human and animal excretions, fluids, or tissue matrixes
US5196167A (en) * 1989-04-04 1993-03-23 Helena Laboratories Corporation Fecal occult blood test product with positive and negative controls
US5217874A (en) * 1989-04-04 1993-06-08 Helena Laboratories Corporation Fecal occult blood test product with positive and negative controls
US5827677A (en) * 1996-02-01 1998-10-27 Universal Lavel Method and device for specifically detecting myoglobin using a non-discriminating peroxidase sensitive assay
WO1997035030A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Stc Technologies, Inc. A solution-based assay for peroxidatively-active substances in bodily fluids
US5885789A (en) * 1997-03-20 1999-03-23 Stc Technologies Incorporated Solution-based assay for peroxidatively-active substances in bodily fluids
US6979571B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2005-12-27 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of using a protective test strip platform for optical meter apparatus
US6458326B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2002-10-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Protective test strip platform
US6541266B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-04-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method for determining concentration of an analyte in a test strip
US6562625B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-05-13 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US6525330B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-02-25 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of strip insertion detection
US7390665B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2008-06-24 Gilmour Steven B Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US8012761B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2011-09-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Detection of formaldehyde in urine samples
US7846383B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2010-12-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Lateral flow assay device and absorbent article containing same

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HU166368B (en) 1975-03-28
AT326276B (en) 1975-12-10
HK20578A (en) 1978-04-20
NL152085B (en) 1977-01-17
BE864154Q (en) 1978-08-21
AR195135A1 (en) 1973-09-10
IT994949B (en) 1975-10-20
CA988011A (en) 1976-04-27
FI53511B (en) 1978-01-31
CH579275A5 (en) 1976-08-31
FR2198643A5 (en) 1974-03-29
DD105065A5 (en) 1974-04-05
NL7309779A (en) 1974-01-22
DE2235152B1 (en) 1974-01-10
ATA628773A (en) 1975-02-15
SE388693B (en) 1976-10-11
JPS583680B2 (en) 1983-01-22
GB1390900A (en) 1975-04-16
AU468582B2 (en) 1976-01-15
FI53511C (en) 1978-05-10
ZA734810B (en) 1974-07-31
DE2235152A1 (en) 1974-01-10
AU5826373A (en) 1975-01-23
JPS4954094A (en) 1974-05-25
DE2235152C2 (en) 1975-07-10

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