US3852030A - Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions - Google Patents
Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3852030A US3852030A US00284250A US28425072A US3852030A US 3852030 A US3852030 A US 3852030A US 00284250 A US00284250 A US 00284250A US 28425072 A US28425072 A US 28425072A US 3852030 A US3852030 A US 3852030A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- textile
- compositions
- percent
- baths
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
- C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/78—Neutral esters of acids of phosphorus
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing
- Y10S516/05—Organic amine, amide, or n-base containing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/908—Anionic emulsifiers for dyeing
Definitions
- compositions and baths for specific textile wet-processing operations are disclosed.
- the compositions exhibit surfactant qualities even in the presence of up to ten percent 10%) electrolytes including alkalies in the baths and are not adversely affected by water hardness, oxidative reagents or elevated bath temperatures.
- the compositions include a blend of phosphate esters of S-carbon alcohols with soluble sulphate esters of alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols.
- This invention relates to surfactant compositions and, more particularly, to such compositions for use in textile wet-processing operations in the presence of high concentrations of electrolytes, including alkalies.
- Surfactants are commonly used to enhance the contact between the processing solutions and the fibers of the treated textile fabrics. Such surface-active agents are also used to increase the rate of penetration of the processing solutions into the capillaries between the fibers. The economic advantage of increasing the rate of penetration or contact of any processing operation is readily apparent.
- surfactants improve the overall efficiency of textile wet-processing operations.
- many surfactants which exhibit rapid wetting in tap-water are rendered completely useless in solutions containing electrolytes.
- those products that provide at least adequate performance in electrolyte or caustic solutions fail to give satisfactory wetting in tap-water.
- This anomaly has necessitated the development of myriad surfactants, each tailored to meet the specific requirements of each processing bath. Since many of those surfactants, which are active in the presence of electrolytes, are suitably effective, only over very narrow margins of concentrations of specific electrolytes, each textile plant is required to stock and use many different compositions of electrolytes.
- compositions according to the major aspect of this invention may be described as a blend of surfactants including:
- compositions of this invention are effective in improving wettability at temperatures ranging from 4C. to the boiling points of the commonly used electrolytecontaining processing baths such as bleaching and scouring baths.
- Another aspect of this invention includes the textile wet-processing baths containing the blend of surfactants according to this invention.
- Such baths should contain, in addition to the bath agents, the surfactant blend according to this invention in the concentration range of 0.01 percent (0.01%) to 1 percent (1%) by weight of such baths.
- the baths included in the ambit of this invention are the scouring baths containing up to ten percent 10%) by weight of alkali or alkali equivalents, i.e., sodium sulphate, etc.; and alkaline 5 bleaching baths including peroxides, perborates,
- isocyanurates, etc. as oxidizers as well as buffering electrolytes.
- the invention has proven particularly useful in such baths.
- Another aspect of this invention includes the process of using baths containing these novel compositions for the wetprocessing of textiles and includes the processes of scouring and bleaching with such baths. Similar operations including dyeing, rinsing and washing utilizing the improvements in such operations resulting from the improved wettability derived from the novel qualities of the compositions according to this invention are included within the ambit of the processing aspects of this invention.
- the two-component blend upon which this invention is based results from the discovery of the phenomenon that certain ethoxy alkoxy-alcohol and alkylphenol sulfates improve the solubility, in electrolyte solutions, of a particular group .of phosphate esters of aliphatic 8- carbon alcohols.
- This group of phosphate esters ineludes the reaction products of individual isomeric aliphatic octanols, or isomeric mixtures of the octanols, with P 0 POCI PCL or polyphosphoric acid.
- the reaction products contain a complex mixture of phosphate esters which may or may not contain polyphosphates and/or residual octyl alcohols.
- R is an alkyl radical containing 9-16 carbon atoms, or an alkylphenyl group in which the alkyl substituents contain a total of 6-12 carbon atoms;
- R is H, or a mixture of H and CH wherein the alkoxylate mixture exhibits hydrophilic properties;
- x is a number corresponding to ten to seventy percent (10% to 70%) alkoxy by weight of the nonionic intermediate, andM is a water-solubilizing cation.
- R substituents may be derived from commercial alkanol and alkylphenol mixtures.
- the alkoxylated alcohol and alkylphenol sulfates corresponding to the above formula may be prepared as set forth in the US. Pat. No. 2,766,212 which discloses among others, the preparation of compounds within the scope of these particularly effective sulfates.
- M is a water solubilizing cation for the ethoxylated alkanol esters.
- solubilizing cations include the ions of the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, Nl-l morpholine, mono-, di-, or tri-ethanolamines or other low-molecular weight, water-solubile amines.
- the octanol phosphate esters that are the other of the necessary components of the blended composition of this invention are the product of the reaction of octanols with P POCl PC];; or polyphosphoric acid leading to a complex mixture of phosphate esters including varying proportions of mono-, di-, and triphosphates.
- the reaction products may be completely esterified or may include polyphosphates and/or residual octyl alcohols.
- the phosphate esteriflcation reaction is carried out according to procedures generally practiced in the industry.
- Polyphosphoric acids may be used having phosphoric acid anhydride contents expressed as P 0 of about eighty to eighty-five percent (80% to 85%) or P 0 itself may be used directly in the process as described in U.S. Pats. No. 3,004,056 and 3,004,057.
- the products useful as the phosphate ester components of this invention differ from those described as resulting from the reactions set forth in the aforesaid patents in that they are phosphate esters of aliphatic octanols and are without the alkoxylate groupings shown in the compounds of the references.
- the reaction proportions and conditions are within the scope of the teachings of said patents which are herein incorporated by reference.
- POCl may also be used as a phosphating agent in accordance with common esterification procedures and the products of such a reaction with aliphatic octanols are similarly effective components of the compositions of this invention.
- the octanols for esterification by the phosphating agents described above include n-octanol, iso-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol and the other commercially available octanol isomers and include the commercially available mixtures of octanols designated as C-18 alcohol blends.
- compositions of this invention When the two components of the compositions of this invention are blended, they may be utilized by solution from their dry form in the mixture or the blended components may be dissolved to form stock solutions.
- the stock solutions may also be prepared by the direct solution of each component in the stock solution solvent, which is preferably water. All the blended compositions within the limits of this invention are soluble in solutions containing up to at least seven percent (7%) by weight of free sodium hydroxide and in solutions containing up to at least ten percent 10%) by weight of salts commonly used in textile wet-processing. Similarly, the compositions within the scope of this invention require very low concentrations to yield standard wetting-times by the Draves Textile Wetting Test (ATCC) in salt-containing solutions. All the compositions according to this invention showed 25-second Draves Wetting Times in the presence of seven percent (7%) of sodium hydroxide at concentrations by weight below 0.050 percent (0.050%) of the total solution of the active blend.
- ATCC Draves Textile Wetting Test
- compositions formulated within the limits propounded for this invention exhibit little if any foaming. Any foams that form under conditions of violent agitation were unstable and were quickly and spontaneously dissipated.
- compositions of this invention were effective when used in textile wetprocessing solutions within the range of 0.01 percent (0.01%) to 1.0% by weight with the range of 0.05 percent (0.05%) to 0.15 percent (0.15%) being preferred as effective and economically feasible in both bleaching and scouring baths containing seven percent (7%) sodium hydroxide or its equivalent.
- concentrations of 0.10 percent (0.10%) by weight of the blend to the total bath were both economical and effective.
- compositions of this invention were prepared and solutions thereof in electrolytes were compared with the components of the blends alone, or blends of certain effective components with other components bordering upon but outside the limits found to be effective for this invention. These solutions were evaluated for wettability in seven percent (7%) caustic solutions by the Draves Textile Wetting Test using 5- gram cotton skeins and 3-gram hooks. The surfactant materials were added to the seven percent (7%) caustic solution and the percentage concentration of the surfactant blend required for a 25-second wetting time was determined.
- compositions that had been compared for wettability were compared forsolubility at 0.05 percent (0.05%) and evaluated by visual observation.
- a clear solution indicated solubility of the composition, whereas turbidity was an indication that the a. 30 to 90 parts by weight of phosphate ester reaction products of phosphorating agents and eightcarbon alcohols, and;
- R is an alkyl radical containing 9 to l6-carbon and without the ambit of this invention.
- Comparative Example /l composition for 25-sccond wetting S Soluble T Turhid comprises the formulation of a blend of the two specific classes of compounds set f6rth in their specified concentration ranges. This, of course, does not preclude the inclusion into commercial compositions, according to this invention, of other ingredients useful for their specific purposes in the preparation of specific textile wetprocessing baths. These include dyestuffs, buffers, hand improvers, lusterants, and weighing agents among others.
- LA textile wet-processing bath of improved detergency comprising an aqueous solution containing the functional bath agents; up to 10% of electrolytes; and up to 1% by weight of said bath of a detergent blend of surfactants consisting essentially of substituents contain a total of 6 to 12-carbon atoms; R is H or a mixture of H and CH wherein the alkyloxylate mixture exhibits hydrophilic properties; x is a number corresponding to 10% to 70% alkoxylate by weight of the nonionic intermediate; and M is a watersolubilizing cation.
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21197A US3704262A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1970-03-19 | Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions |
CA108,062A CA964152A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1971-03-18 | Detergent composition |
DE2113211A DE2113211C3 (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1971-03-18 | Mixture of surfactants |
US00284250A US3852030A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1972-08-28 | Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2119770A | 1970-03-19 | 1970-03-19 | |
US00284250A US3852030A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1972-08-28 | Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3852030A true US3852030A (en) | 1974-12-03 |
Family
ID=26694399
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US21197A Expired - Lifetime US3704262A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1970-03-19 | Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions |
US00284250A Expired - Lifetime US3852030A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1972-08-28 | Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US21197A Expired - Lifetime US3704262A (en) | 1970-03-19 | 1970-03-19 | Surfactant for electrolyte-containing processing solutions |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3704262A (en) |
CA (1) | CA964152A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2113211C3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4579559A (en) * | 1983-09-01 | 1986-04-01 | Sandoz Ltd. | Wet treatment of cellulosic textiles using mixed anionic and non-ionic wetting agents |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2397823A (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-04 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Aqueous cleaning compositions |
GB2401875A (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-11-24 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Aqueous cleaning compositions |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2766212A (en) * | 1952-09-16 | 1956-10-09 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Detergents |
US2794004A (en) * | 1949-04-13 | 1957-05-28 | Durand & Huguenin Ag | Wetting agents and a process of making same |
US3634024A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-01-11 | Fmc Corp | Desize-scouring of textiles with alkaline peroxydiphosphate solutions |
-
1970
- 1970-03-19 US US21197A patent/US3704262A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-03-18 DE DE2113211A patent/DE2113211C3/en not_active Expired
- 1971-03-18 CA CA108,062A patent/CA964152A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-08-28 US US00284250A patent/US3852030A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2794004A (en) * | 1949-04-13 | 1957-05-28 | Durand & Huguenin Ag | Wetting agents and a process of making same |
US2766212A (en) * | 1952-09-16 | 1956-10-09 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Detergents |
US3634024A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-01-11 | Fmc Corp | Desize-scouring of textiles with alkaline peroxydiphosphate solutions |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4579559A (en) * | 1983-09-01 | 1986-04-01 | Sandoz Ltd. | Wet treatment of cellulosic textiles using mixed anionic and non-ionic wetting agents |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2113211A1 (en) | 1971-10-28 |
DE2113211B2 (en) | 1977-07-21 |
US3704262A (en) | 1972-11-28 |
DE2113211C3 (en) | 1978-03-02 |
CA964152A (en) | 1975-03-11 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DORSET INC. A CORP OF DELAWARE;REEL/FRAME:005122/0370 Effective date: 19890329 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GAF CHEMICALS CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DORSET INC.;REEL/FRAME:005251/0071 Effective date: 19890411 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DORSET INC., A DE CORP. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GAF CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005250/0940 Effective date: 19890410 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION), THE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GAF CHEMICALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:005604/0020 Effective date: 19900917 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ISP INVESTMENTS INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ISP 3 CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005949/0051 Effective date: 19910508 Owner name: ISP 3 CORP Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GAF CHEMICALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005949/0001 Effective date: 19910508 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GAF BUILDING MATERIALS CORPORATION Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION);REEL/FRAME:006243/0208 Effective date: 19920804 Owner name: SUTTON LABORATORIES, INC. Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION);REEL/FRAME:006243/0208 Effective date: 19920804 Owner name: GAF CHEMICALS CORPORATION Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION);REEL/FRAME:006243/0208 Effective date: 19920804 |