US3849236A - Flock-texturing method and product - Google Patents
Flock-texturing method and product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3849236A US3849236A US00368493A US36849373A US3849236A US 3849236 A US3849236 A US 3849236A US 00368493 A US00368493 A US 00368493A US 36849373 A US36849373 A US 36849373A US 3849236 A US3849236 A US 3849236A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flock
- fabric
- face
- article
- adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23943—Flock surface
Definitions
- a specific object is to produce an artificial chamois or suede fabric, characterised by hand and appearance closely akin to that of natural leather.
- Another specific object is to produce such a synthetic chamois or suede, using existing materials and equipment.
- a still further specific object is to produce doublefaced synthetic sueded fabric wherein texturizing patterns correspond on both faces of the fabric.
- Another specific object is to achieve the above objects with different texture but corresponding texture patterns on the respective faces of the fabric.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified sectional view through a flockcoated fabric, typifying its condition in readiness for performing the method of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of steps in the method of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an individual bent flock fiber, greatly enlarged, to permit identification of various degrees of bend;
- FIG. 4 is a succession of four like perspective views of single fibers, bent to the respective extents identified at sections a-b-c-a' in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a corresponding succession of sectional views taken at the respective sections d-b-c-d of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a simplified enlarged fragmentary sectional view through a fabric texturized in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6, on a lesser scale, to illustrate the invention in application to a fabric that is flock-finished on both sides.
- the invention utilizes flock-finished fabric wherein precision-cut synthetic fibers of uniform denier and length are bonded at one end to a woven fabric base, such as a piece of cotton drill 1 0.
- a first set of such fibers 11 is shown distributed over and bonded to one side or face of the fabric 10, being rooted in an adhesive coat 12 on said side;
- a second set of such fibers 13 is shown distributed over and bonded to the other side or face of the fabric, being rooted in an adhesive coat 14 on said other side.
- the flock fibers 11 are of the same material, denier and precision-cut length, and are distributed over the fabric with substantial uniformity, at less than maximum density, meaning that space exists between adjacent fibers; preferably, such space S, is very substantially less than the fiber length L, which projects free of its root to the adhesive layer 11 and is in the order of magnitude ofthe fiber diameter D generally, the rooted portion is in the range of 15 to 30 percent of the fiber length L,.
- space S is very substantially less than the fiber length L, which projects free of its root to the adhesive layer 11 and is in the order of magnitude ofthe fiber diameter D generally, the rooted portion is in the range of 15 to 30 percent of the fiber length L,.
- fibers lll3 may be formed and spaced and projected in precisely the same manner on both sides of the fabric, or the quantities S, D and L may be selected for different values on opposite sides of the fabric, depending upon appearance effects desired, as will later be clear.
- flock-finished fabric as described in connection with FIG. 1 is subjected to processing in a succession of steps, in one embodiment of which FIG. 2 may be considered illustrative.
- First, such fabric is subjected to soaking in a dilute solution of a curable adhesive which is compatible with the flock-fiber material and preferably also with the existing adhesive layer I2 (14), thus coating all flock fibers 11-13 with adhesive.
- the material is then crumpled, crushed, compacted, wrung or otherwise folded on itself, preferably at random and therefore without any particular pattern.
- Such compaction is carried to the extent of extracting approximately one half the soaking solution which is carried with the fabric upon its removal from the soaking bath.
- the fabric is then dried, as by tumbling in a rotating drier, but preferably by spreading out the fabric and allowing it to dry, without use of an iron or other flattening means.
- the fabric is subjected to a heat cycle appropriate to the curing of the particular adhesive, so that adjacent flock fibers which may have been adhesively tacked to each other in the crushing step will become permanently bonded in the orientation in which they were adhesively tacked.
- FIG. 3 serves to illustrate a single length or partial length of a flock fiber, for different degrees of bend of its central axis 20.
- section u-a is taken at the outer surface of the adhesive layer 12 in which the fiber is rooted and from which it projects in a direction normal to the local surface region of layer 12.
- FIGS. 5 a-b-c-d Each of the sections aa, bb, c-c, d-d, is taken in a plane parallel to the local fabric 10 or adhesive 12 surface orientation, the respective sections being displayed in FIGS. 5 a-b-c-d. From these sections, it can be seen that what started as circular becomes elliptical, with growth only in the major axis; for example, for the 60 bend situation depicted for section dd, the major axis is twice the fiber diameter D.
- FIG. 4 depicts at a-b-c-d the appearance of individual fibers if frozen or bonded at the respective degrees of bend represented by the different sections taken in FIG. 3; in all cases,
- the fiber length L L,., L, which projects beyond the bend is straight and is oriented at the particular indicated angle of bend.
- FIG. 6 illustrates how adjacent bent fibers 21-22-2- 3-24 of diameter D and spacing S come to be bonded to each other, by reason of adhesive tacking along adjacent surface regions of the straight-projecting outer ends, such regions being identified 25-26-27.
- adhesive tacking along adjacent surface regions of the straight-projecting outer ends, such regions being identified 25-26-27.
- Such bonds become taeked when the soaked fabric is wrung,and the tacking" becomes permanent upon adhesive cure.
- the remaining film of adhesive which may not have been involved in such tacking becomes a stiffening shell around the individual fibers, particularly upon curing, thus tending further to retain the particular set of the bend for the tacked adjacent fibers 21-22-23-24.
- the bend to achieve tacking at 25-26-27 is approximately 45, by reason of the spacing S being approximately 70 percent of the fiber diameter D.
- the spacing S may bear a different relation to the diameter D, i.e., other than 70 percent.
- the spacing S will substantially equal D, in which case the fibers thus arrayed are susceptible to tacked bending at 60; and for still other areas and alignments, the spacing S may be still other fractions of the diameter D, with different tacked orientations determined thereby.
- FIG. 7 illustrates that for fibers 11 (on one fabric side) of different denieror spacing than those 13 on the opposite side, there will be different angles at which tacking interference occurs, when the fabric is subjected to wringing.
- the foregoing explanation is intended to show how the various regions of the flock-finished fabric may be caused to retain the clustering of locally tacked bent fibers, occasioned by wringing the wetted fabric.
- the fabric surface After drying and curing, the fabric surface has a unique texture which, in certain cases can resemble naturalleather chamois or suede as to hand and appearance.
- the fabric of FIG. 1 was a piece of cotton drill, coated at 12 (14) with a water-base acrylic adhesive to which viscose-rayon flock 11 (13) had been applied.
- the flock 11 was 1 denier, precisioncut to 0.030-inch length, imbedded to the extent of approximately 25 percent of its length in the adhesive layer 12, and applied to the density achieved by 1.5 ounces per square yard on a given side of the fabric; on the other side, the flock 13 is of the same or a different denier, within the preferred range 0.5 to 2.0, depending upon the desired sameness difference in appearance.
- an acqueous soaking solution in which adhesive, fabric delustrant and an an-ionic softening agent are present in dilute proportions.
- an acqueous solution producing highly satisfactory results consists essentially of the following:
- percent fabric delustrant such as titanium dioxide
- RADUL-S* a commercially available product such for example as that known as RADUL-S*, the same being selected for light or dark coloring depending upon the dye of the flock.
- an-ionic softening agent or agents being preferably the same as used in initial preparation of the flock-finished fabric (FIG. 1).
- Ciha-Geigy lnc.. of Hanover. NJ. Generally, I prefer that the solution should be warm, for example at l60F., and soaking which proceeds as much as ten minutes has produced excellent results. For a fabric treated in accordance with the invention, and using the above soaking solution, about S-percent of the initial weight of the solution ingredients remain as part of the cured ultimately texturized product. Also,
- curing of the wrung and bone-dry fabric requires curing temperatures in the range of 300 to 400 Fahrenheit, the exposure time being in inverse relation to temperature; for example, about 3 minutes at 300F., or 2 minutes at 325F.
- 1.5-denier viscose'rayon flock cut to 0.055- inch length, and otherwise applied and treated as described, will produce a texturized fine-grain or smallscale wetdog or shag-rug appearance, with the same exceptional wearing characteristics.
- the method of treating a flock-finished fabric wherein the flock consists of synthetic fibers of uniform denier and length bonded at corresponding ends to at least one side ofa fabric base and uniformly distributed over the base and oriented normal to the base, the flock density being less than maximum and at least such that the average fiber-to-fiber spacing is substantially less than projecting flock-fiber length which method comprises soaking ,the flock-finished fabric with a dilute aqueous solution of a heat-curable adhesive to which the flock is compatible, randomly folding the soaked fabric, wringing from the folded fabric a substantial fraction of the fabric-adhered solution, spreading the wrung-out fabric, drying the spread and wrung-out fabric, and then heating the dried fabric to a temperature and for a period sufficient to cure the adhesive.
- volume of wrung-out solution is approximately one half that which is fabric-adhered after removal from the soaking solution.
- a flock-finished fabric comprising a woven-fabric sheet having front and back faces, an adhesive layer covering one of said faces, precision-cut flock of synthetic fiber of predetermined length and denier rooted at one end to said adhesive layer and projecting normal thereto, the flock density being less than that to produce a full coat of said one face and at least such that the average fiber spacing is substantially less than the projecting length of individual flock fibers, random groups of adjacent flock fibers being adhesively bonded to each other along their adjacent edges in randomly distributed bent-over alignments wherein the orientation of bonded adjacent flock fibers is angularly offset from the local normal to said one face.
- the other of said faces has a covering layer of adhesive, further precision-cut flock of said synthetic fiber of predetermined length and denier rooted at one end to the adhesive layer of said other face and projecting normal thereto, the density of said further flock being less than that to produce a full coat of said other face and at least such that the average fiber spacing is substantially less than the projecting length of individual flock fibers on said other face, random groups of adjacent flock fibers on said other face adhesively bonded to each other along their adjacent edges in randomly distributed bent-over alignments wherein the orientation of bonded adjacent flock fibers is angularly offset from the local normal to said other face.
Abstract
Description
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00368493A US3849236A (en) | 1973-06-11 | 1973-06-11 | Flock-texturing method and product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00368493A US3849236A (en) | 1973-06-11 | 1973-06-11 | Flock-texturing method and product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3849236A true US3849236A (en) | 1974-11-19 |
Family
ID=23451464
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US00368493A Expired - Lifetime US3849236A (en) | 1973-06-11 | 1973-06-11 | Flock-texturing method and product |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5543195A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1996-08-06 | Squires; William J. | Flocked woven fabric with flattened flock fibers |
US5756180A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1998-05-26 | Squires; William J. | Flocked fabric suitable as outerwear |
US5863633A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1999-01-26 | Squires; William J. | Flocked fabric with water resistant film |
WO2008054759A2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | U Mass Dartmouth - Central | Fabric based laminar composite and method for manufacture thereof |
US20100227112A1 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2010-09-09 | Nanlin Han | Composite Ply with Adhered Groupings of Fiber Fasteners |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3547749A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1970-12-15 | Bunker Ramo | Slide surfacing for ski slopes |
US3565742A (en) * | 1967-07-17 | 1971-02-23 | Monsanto Co | Flocked golf green |
US3772132A (en) * | 1972-04-03 | 1973-11-13 | Malden Mills Inc | Flocked fabric and method for making same |
-
1973
- 1973-06-11 US US00368493A patent/US3849236A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3565742A (en) * | 1967-07-17 | 1971-02-23 | Monsanto Co | Flocked golf green |
US3547749A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1970-12-15 | Bunker Ramo | Slide surfacing for ski slopes |
US3772132A (en) * | 1972-04-03 | 1973-11-13 | Malden Mills Inc | Flocked fabric and method for making same |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5543195A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1996-08-06 | Squires; William J. | Flocked woven fabric with flattened flock fibers |
US5756180A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1998-05-26 | Squires; William J. | Flocked fabric suitable as outerwear |
US5863633A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1999-01-26 | Squires; William J. | Flocked fabric with water resistant film |
US20100227112A1 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2010-09-09 | Nanlin Han | Composite Ply with Adhered Groupings of Fiber Fasteners |
WO2008054759A2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | U Mass Dartmouth - Central | Fabric based laminar composite and method for manufacture thereof |
US20080274326A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-11-06 | University Of Massachusetts | Fabric based laminar composite and method for manufacture thereof |
WO2008054759A3 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-05-07 | Mass Dartmouth Central U | Fabric based laminar composite and method for manufacture thereof |
US7981495B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2011-07-19 | Invensys Systems, Inc. | Materials methodology to improve the delamination strength of laminar composites |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTERMARK FLOCK CORPORATION, PLAINFIELD, CT A CORP Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PERVEL INDUSTRIES, INC.,;REEL/FRAME:004764/0556 Effective date: 19870921 Owner name: CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK, THE, 777 MAIN ST., HART Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERMARK FLOCK CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004764/0558 Effective date: 19870921 Owner name: INTERMARK FLOCK CORPORATION,CONNECTICUT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PERVEL INDUSTRIES, INC.,;REEL/FRAME:004764/0556 Effective date: 19870921 Owner name: CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK, THE,CONNECTICUT Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERMARK FLOCK CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004764/0558 Effective date: 19870921 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CONNECTICUT YANKEE COMMUNITY AVENUE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PERVEL INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006652/0682 Effective date: 19930603 |