US3845757A - Biomedical monitoring electrode - Google Patents

Biomedical monitoring electrode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3845757A
US3845757A US00270954A US27095472A US3845757A US 3845757 A US3845757 A US 3845757A US 00270954 A US00270954 A US 00270954A US 27095472 A US27095472 A US 27095472A US 3845757 A US3845757 A US 3845757A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
disc
aperture
foam
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00270954A
Inventor
J Weyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US00270954A priority Critical patent/US3845757A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3845757A publication Critical patent/US3845757A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/41Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/411Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0209Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
    • A61B2562/0215Silver or silver chloride containing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0209Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
    • A61B2562/0217Electrolyte containing

Definitions

  • United States Patent 11 1 128/DIG. 4 5 1111.c1.., A6lb 5/04 158 Field 61 Search 128/21 E, 2.06 E, DIG. 4, 128/416-418, 410,411, 404, 405
  • a pregellcd intensive care electrode is formed from two layers of soft, conformable foam material having a rigid plastic supporting layer between the foam layers.
  • a conductive connector is in contact with an opencelled spongy material filled with an electrolyte which l56l References Cited provides means for connecting the electrode to moni- UNITED STATES PATENTS toring devices and measuring the electrical impulses -1,170,459 2/1965 Phipps 61 al 128/206 E from a patients Skin-
  • the biomedical monitoring 916C 3,518,984 7/1970 Mason 128/206 E trOde is held in place on the patients skin by means of 3,545,432 12/1970 Berman 128/D1G.
  • This invention relates to a biomedical monitoring electrode of the type used to detect electrical signals from the skin of a patient.
  • this invention relates to a medical electrode of the type designed for use over a period of several days such as in the intensive or coronary care facilities.
  • this invention relates to medical electrodes designed to be used for several days without interfering with the patients normal activities and without becoming dislodged from this original position.
  • this invention relates to medical electrodes of the pregelled type useful in detecting electrical signals from the skin of the patient.
  • the conductor portion of electrodes should be maintained away from the skin of the subject by the electrolyte or an electrolyte-filled pad to obtain an electrical contact having minimal resistance and also to minimize the noise caused by motion of the conductive electrolyte with relation to the patients skin.
  • Pregelled electrodes have been made of rigid plastic cups wherein a cup containing a sponge filled with electrolyte is held against the skin by an elastic sheet.
  • the elastic sheet is attached to the skin by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive depressing the rigid cup into the patients skin.
  • These electrodes provide an electrode having a broad area of electrolyte contact with the skin.
  • the rigid plastic cup of these electrodes is hard and unyielding and the hard plastic cup is uncomfortable when lain on and may irritate the skin of many patients when the electrode is left in place for extended periods.
  • the pregelled pad can move in relation to the patients skin and thus cause some noise and inaccuracies in the measurement.
  • this hard rigid cup construction requires a larger electrode since the adhesive on the elastic sheet next to the rigid cup is not in contact with the patients skin, making this type of electrode bulky.
  • the electrode of this invention comprises a soft, conformable layer of foam having an'aperture therethrough and having on one side of the foam a layer of hypoallergenic adhesive for securing the electrode of thisinvention to the patients skin.
  • a hard, rigid disc preferably plastic, which covers the aperture and gives rigidity to the electrode configuration.
  • This rigid plastic disc has a conductive snap which is in contact with an open celled sponge filled with an electrolyte in the aperture of the foam layer.
  • the electrolyte filled sponge serves to conduct the electrical signals from the skin of the patient to the conductivesnap or coating of the electrode which is designed for attachment to an external lead suitable for monitoring the patients bodily functions, e.g. an electrocardiogram.
  • the rigid plastic disc and a portion of the first foam layer can be covered by a second soft conformable foam layer which improves the appearance, serves to protect the patient, medical personnel and their clothing from snagging on the exposed edges of the plastic disc and also helps strengthen the total construction.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view in section of a biomedical monitoring electrode of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view in section of a second embodiment of the electrode of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an electrode in place.
  • reference No. 10 designates generally an intensive care electrode attached to a patients skin 11 by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12.
  • the adhesive 12 adheres a soft foam layer 13 having an aperture 14 to the patients skin.
  • a soft, open-celled sponge pad 16 containing an electrolytic gel or cream iscontained in the cavity formed by the patients skin 11, the soft foam layer 13 and the rigid plastic supporting disc 17 which overlays a portion of the foam layer 13.
  • An electrically conductive, e.g., silver or silver chloride-treated, snap 18 passes through the plastic disc and makes contact with the electrolyte filled sponge 16 providing a low resistance electrical pad for impulses from the patients skin to an external monitoring device which can be attached to the snap connector 19 which projects through an aperture 21 in a second layer of soft foam 22 which covers the disc 17.
  • the layers of foam 13, 22 and the rigid disc 17 are adhesively bonded together by means of adhesive layers 23, 24, said layers also serving to adherently bond the foam layers 13, 22 together at the periphery of the intensive care electrode.
  • Adhesive layer 24 also serves to bondthe electrolyte-filled sponge 16 to rigid disc 17 minimizing motion between the patients skin 11 and the conductive snap 18.
  • FIG. 2 denotes another embodiment of the intensive care electrode of this invention wherein the soft foam layers 13, 22 areadherently bonded by means of adhesive layers 23, 24 to a molded plastic disc 26 with a plastic knob 27 forming a snap connector, the rigid plastic disc 26 and knob 27 being coated with a continuous, electrically coherent conductive layer 28.
  • the rigid plastic disc 26 and knob 27 being coated with a continuous, electrically coherent conductive layer 28.
  • FIG. 3 a disc electrode 10 is shown in place on the skin 11 of a patient.
  • the electrode shown is a circular electrode as shown in section in FIG. 1 and is attached firmly to the patients skin 11 by adhesive layer 12.
  • electrical signals from the skin are amplified and sensed by an apparatus (not shown) connected to the male snap connector 19, by a conductive lead and cooperative snap fastener shown by phantom lines 29.
  • the foams chosen for the practice of this invention are soft and nonirritating to the human skin when left in place for extended periods of time. It is desirable that the foams chosen to make the biomedical monitoring electrode of this invention be substantially closed-cell foams which are not readily permeable to moisture so as to maintain the electrolyte-filled pad in a moistened condition. Use of an open cell foam can result in the gel pad drying out and becoming nonconductive during extended monitoring, resulting in a loss of electrical signals and erroneous readings.
  • Examples of closed cell foams suitable for use in the electrode of this invention are crosslinked polyethylene, polyethylene modified with ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. These foams normally have a density of about I to 6 pounds per cubic foot with the preferred range of foams being about 2 to 4 pounds per cubic foot. Other closed cell foams having similar resistance to set and strength will form suitable intensive care electrodes of this invention.
  • the plastic disc laminated in the electrode of this invention provides a support for the electrical connection to the external monitoring means and also serves to rigidify the electrode to maintain adequate spacing between the electrical conductor and the patients skin.
  • plastics having suitable properties are polystyrene, polypropylene, acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene copolymers, or rigid polyvinyl chloride.
  • the plastics useful include those having a Rockwell Hardness of about M65-l00 and which do not react with silver and other conductive metals or the ingredients used in the conventional electrolyte gels presently available. Plastics having these characteristics will maintain their structural ability when perforated with a snap connector as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the rigid disc and snap connector can be injection molded as a unitary body and then treated with silver, silver chloride, or other conductive materials to provide a conductive path around said disc as shown in FIG. 2 without impairing the accuracy and stability of the electrode of this invention.
  • the disc could also be formed of other materials such as metals, or glass which will accept a conductive snap connector and will not react when used in contact with the conductive gel.
  • the pregelled electrode of this invention is designed for use with sodium chloride-based electrolytes such as those which are commercially available and sold in the form of electrolytic pastes or gels.
  • sodium chloride-based electrolytes such as those which are commercially available and sold in the form of electrolytic pastes or gels.
  • examples of such gels are EKG-Sol," Redux, and GE. Jel, although other electrolyte gels and creams can also be used.
  • the adhesives useful in constructing the intensive electrode of this invention are chosen from those adhesives which are nonirritating to the human skin when left in contact therewith over extended periods of time.
  • Preferable adhesives are the hypoallergenic, acrylatebased adhesives such as those of Ulrich US. Pat. No. Re. 24,906.
  • the adhesive holding the electrode of this invention to the skin surfaces the entire bottom of the electrode with the exception of the sponge filled aperture. Because of the construction of this electrode, the skin and the electrolyte-filled sponge, and the electrolyte-filled sponge and rigid disc are held in intimate contact. Therefore, there is little or no opportunity for the skin to shift in relationship to the electrolyte-filled sponge and conductor producing a low noise electrical connection of little variability.
  • Example I A coating of acrylate adhesive was applied to a strip of().075-inch thick by 2 inches wide polyethylene foam having a density of 2 pounds per cubic foot (Volara" Type A). The adhesively treated surface of the foam was placed on a silicone release liner and 2-inch squares having a five-eighths-inch diameter hole in the center were cut from the resulting laminate.
  • a coating of the acrylate adhesive was applied on one side of l-inch diameter polystyrene discs 0.040-inch thick. Brass studs having a silver-silver chloride coating and silver eyelets having a silver chloride coating were attached to the centers of the polystyrene discs with the silver eyelets on the adhesively treated surface.
  • a 0.025-inch polyethylene foam was treated with adhesive as above and 2-inch square pieces having a onefourth-inch diameter hole in the center were cut from the treated foam.
  • Electrodes were assembled by placing a polystyrene disc adhesive side down on the untreated surface of a 0.075 inch thick foam square such that the silver-silver chloride eyelet was in the hole formed in the polyethylene foam. Next a 0.025-inch layer of the treated polyethylene foam was placed adhesive side down on top of the polystyrene disc with the coated brass stud protruding through the hole in the foam forming a laminate similar to FIG. 1 but without the gelled pad.
  • a l/2-inch diameter preform was cut from the laminate concentrically around the center.
  • a five-eighthsinch diameter piece of open celled polyurethane foam having a thickness of three-sixteenths-inch and having a density of about 1.1 pounds per cubic foot was placed into the cavity formed by the polystyrene disc and the 0.075-inch thick polyethylene foam.
  • the foam was adhesively bonded in place by the adhesive on the polystyrene disc.
  • Sodium chloride electrolyte (EKG- SOL) was injected into the foam disc; about 0.3 cubic centimeters of electrolyte being injected into the foam.
  • the electrodes were then packaged in an airtight container to prevent the electrolyte from drying out.
  • a medical monitoring electrode for attachment to external monitoring means, said electrode comprising a soft resilient layer having an aperture therethrough, said layer having on one side thereof a coating of hypoallergenic adhesive for securing said electrode to a patients skin and having within said aperture a spongy, open-celled foam filled with a conductive electrolyte, a rigid plastic disc adhered to said layer opposite said adhesive coating and overlying said aperture, said open-celled foam being adhesively retained within said aperture, and an electrically conductive snap carried by said plastic disc and extending above the top face thereof for connection with an external monitoring means and being in electrical contact with said electrolyte at the opposite face of said disc.
  • the electrode of claim 1 having in addition a layer of foam covering the rigid plastic disc and having an aperture therethrough for the connection of the conductive snap to the external monitor.
  • the electrode of claim 1 wherein the means for adhesively retaining said open-celled foam within said aperture comprises a coating of adhesive on the undersurface of said disc overlying said aperture.

Abstract

A pregelled intensive care electrode is formed from two layers of soft, conformable foam material having a rigid plastic supporting layer between the foam layers. A conductive connector is in contact with an open-celled spongy material filled with an electrolyte which provides means for connecting the electrode to monitoring devices and measuring the electrical impulses from a patient''s skin. The biomedical monitoring electrode is held in place on the patient''s skin by means of a hypo-allergenic pressure sensitive adhesive.

Description

. United States Patent 11 1 128/DIG. 4 5 1111.c1.., A6lb 5/04 158 Field 61 Search 128/21 E, 2.06 E, DIG. 4, 128/416-418, 410,411, 404, 405
Weyer 1 Nov. 5, 1974 [541 BIOMEDICAL MONITORING ELECTRODE 3,610,229 10 1971 Zenkich 128 416 x 3,696,807 10 1972 1 [75] James 5- way", Stlllwate 3,701,346 101972 6t al [ZS/2.1 5 [731 Assignec: Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company, Saint Paul, Minn. Primary Examiner--Richard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner-Lee S. Cohen [22] Flled' July 1972 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Alexander, Sell, Steldt & [211 Appl. No: 270,954 1361561111111 4 152 US. Cl. 128/2.1 E, 128/206 E, 128/417, 1 1 ABSTRACT A pregellcd intensive care electrode is formed from two layers of soft, conformable foam material having a rigid plastic supporting layer between the foam layers. A conductive connector is in contact with an opencelled spongy material filled with an electrolyte which l56l References Cited provides means for connecting the electrode to moni- UNITED STATES PATENTS toring devices and measuring the electrical impulses -1,170,459 2/1965 Phipps 61 al 128/206 E from a patients Skin- The biomedical monitoring 916C 3,518,984 7/1970 Mason 128/206 E trOde is held in place on the patients skin by means of 3,545,432 12/1970 Berman 128/D1G. 4 a hypo-allergenic pressure sensitive adhesive. 3,587,565 6/197] Tatoian 1 128/206 E 3,599,629 8 1971 Gordy 128/206 E 5 Claims, 3 Drawing Flgllres YQK WOIEF W 24 48mg 2%$%fi%m,
1 BIOMEDICAL MONITORING ELECTRODE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a biomedical monitoring electrode of the type used to detect electrical signals from the skin of a patient. In another aspect, this invention relates to a medical electrode of the type designed for use over a period of several days such as in the intensive or coronary care facilities. In a still further aspect, this invention relates to medical electrodes designed to be used for several days without interfering with the patients normal activities and without becoming dislodged from this original position. In yet a further aspect, this invention relates to medical electrodes of the pregelled type useful in detecting electrical signals from the skin of the patient.
It is known that the conductor portion of electrodes should be maintained away from the skin of the subject by the electrolyte or an electrolyte-filled pad to obtain an electrical contact having minimal resistance and also to minimize the noise caused by motion of the conductive electrolyte with relation to the patients skin.
Pregelled electrodes have been made of rigid plastic cups wherein a cup containing a sponge filled with electrolyte is held against the skin by an elastic sheet. The elastic sheet is attached to the skin by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive depressing the rigid cup into the patients skin. These electrodes provide an electrode having a broad area of electrolyte contact with the skin. However, the rigid plastic cup of these electrodes is hard and unyielding and the hard plastic cup is uncomfortable when lain on and may irritate the skin of many patients when the electrode is left in place for extended periods. Also the pregelled pad can move in relation to the patients skin and thus cause some noise and inaccuracies in the measurement. Generally,this hard rigid cup construction requires a larger electrode since the adhesive on the elastic sheet next to the rigid cup is not in contact with the patients skin, making this type of electrode bulky.
Briefly, the electrode of this invention comprises a soft, conformable layer of foam having an'aperture therethrough and having on one side of the foam a layer of hypoallergenic adhesive for securing the electrode of thisinvention to the patients skin. Partially covering the foam on the other side is a hard, rigid disc preferably plastic, which covers the aperture and gives rigidity to the electrode configuration. This rigid plastic disc has a conductive snap which is in contact with an open celled sponge filled with an electrolyte in the aperture of the foam layer. The electrolyte filled sponge serves to conduct the electrical signals from the skin of the patient to the conductivesnap or coating of the electrode which is designed for attachment to an external lead suitable for monitoring the patients bodily functions, e.g. an electrocardiogram. The rigid plastic disc and a portion of the first foam layer can be covered by a second soft conformable foam layer which improves the appearance, serves to protect the patient, medical personnel and their clothing from snagging on the exposed edges of the plastic disc and also helps strengthen the total construction.
A better understanding of the invention may be had by reference to the drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view in section of a biomedical monitoring electrode of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view in section of a second embodiment of the electrode of this invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an electrode in place.
Referring to the accompanying drawing, and initially to FIG. 1, reference No. 10, designates generally an intensive care electrode attached to a patients skin 11 by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12. The adhesive 12 adheres a soft foam layer 13 having an aperture 14 to the patients skin. A soft, open-celled sponge pad 16 containing an electrolytic gel or cream iscontained in the cavity formed by the patients skin 11, the soft foam layer 13 and the rigid plastic supporting disc 17 which overlays a portion of the foam layer 13. An electrically conductive, e.g., silver or silver chloride-treated, snap 18 passes through the plastic disc and makes contact with the electrolyte filled sponge 16 providing a low resistance electrical pad for impulses from the patients skin to an external monitoring device which can be attached to the snap connector 19 which projects through an aperture 21 in a second layer of soft foam 22 which covers the disc 17. The layers of foam 13, 22 and the rigid disc 17 are adhesively bonded together by means of adhesive layers 23, 24, said layers also serving to adherently bond the foam layers 13, 22 together at the periphery of the intensive care electrode. Adhesive layer 24 also serves to bondthe electrolyte-filled sponge 16 to rigid disc 17 minimizing motion between the patients skin 11 and the conductive snap 18.
FIG. 2 denotes another embodiment of the intensive care electrode of this invention wherein the soft foam layers 13, 22 areadherently bonded by means of adhesive layers 23, 24 to a molded plastic disc 26 with a plastic knob 27 forming a snap connector, the rigid plastic disc 26 and knob 27 being coated with a continuous, electrically coherent conductive layer 28. There exists a conductive path from the patients skin 11 through the electrolyte-filled gel pad 16 to the snap connector 27 which can be attached to external monitoring means such as an electrocardiogram machine.
In FIG. 3, a disc electrode 10 is shown in place on the skin 11 of a patient. The electrode shown is a circular electrode as shown in section in FIG. 1 and is attached firmly to the patients skin 11 by adhesive layer 12. In use, electrical signals from the skin are amplified and sensed by an apparatus (not shown) connected to the male snap connector 19, by a conductive lead and cooperative snap fastener shown by phantom lines 29.
The foams chosen for the practice of this invention are soft and nonirritating to the human skin when left in place for extended periods of time. It is desirable that the foams chosen to make the biomedical monitoring electrode of this invention be substantially closed-cell foams which are not readily permeable to moisture so as to maintain the electrolyte-filled pad in a moistened condition. Use of an open cell foam can result in the gel pad drying out and becoming nonconductive during extended monitoring, resulting in a loss of electrical signals and erroneous readings. Examples of closed cell foams suitable for use in the electrode of this invention are crosslinked polyethylene, polyethylene modified with ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. These foams normally have a density of about I to 6 pounds per cubic foot with the preferred range of foams being about 2 to 4 pounds per cubic foot. Other closed cell foams having similar resistance to set and strength will form suitable intensive care electrodes of this invention.
The plastic disc laminated in the electrode of this invention provides a support for the electrical connection to the external monitoring means and also serves to rigidify the electrode to maintain adequate spacing between the electrical conductor and the patients skin.
Examples of plastics having suitable properties are polystyrene, polypropylene, acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene copolymers, or rigid polyvinyl chloride. The plastics useful include those having a Rockwell Hardness of about M65-l00 and which do not react with silver and other conductive metals or the ingredients used in the conventional electrolyte gels presently available. Plastics having these characteristics will maintain their structural ability when perforated with a snap connector as shown in FIG. 1. The rigid disc and snap connector can be injection molded as a unitary body and then treated with silver, silver chloride, or other conductive materials to provide a conductive path around said disc as shown in FIG. 2 without impairing the accuracy and stability of the electrode of this invention. The disc could also be formed of other materials such as metals, or glass which will accept a conductive snap connector and will not react when used in contact with the conductive gel.
The pregelled electrode of this invention is designed for use with sodium chloride-based electrolytes such as those which are commercially available and sold in the form of electrolytic pastes or gels. Examples of such gels are EKG-Sol," Redux, and GE. Jel, although other electrolyte gels and creams can also be used.
The adhesives useful in constructing the intensive electrode of this invention are chosen from those adhesives which are nonirritating to the human skin when left in contact therewith over extended periods of time. Preferable adhesives are the hypoallergenic, acrylatebased adhesives such as those of Ulrich US. Pat. No. Re. 24,906. The adhesive holding the electrode of this invention to the skin surfaces the entire bottom of the electrode with the exception of the sponge filled aperture. Because of the construction of this electrode, the skin and the electrolyte-filled sponge, and the electrolyte-filled sponge and rigid disc are held in intimate contact. Therefore, there is little or no opportunity for the skin to shift in relationship to the electrolyte-filled sponge and conductor producing a low noise electrical connection of little variability.
Example I A coating of acrylate adhesive was applied to a strip of().075-inch thick by 2 inches wide polyethylene foam having a density of 2 pounds per cubic foot (Volara" Type A). The adhesively treated surface of the foam was placed on a silicone release liner and 2-inch squares having a five-eighths-inch diameter hole in the center were cut from the resulting laminate.
A coating of the acrylate adhesive was applied on one side of l-inch diameter polystyrene discs 0.040-inch thick. Brass studs having a silver-silver chloride coating and silver eyelets having a silver chloride coating were attached to the centers of the polystyrene discs with the silver eyelets on the adhesively treated surface.
A 0.025-inch polyethylene foam was treated with adhesive as above and 2-inch square pieces having a onefourth-inch diameter hole in the center were cut from the treated foam.
Electrodes were assembled by placing a polystyrene disc adhesive side down on the untreated surface of a 0.075 inch thick foam square such that the silver-silver chloride eyelet was in the hole formed in the polyethylene foam. Next a 0.025-inch layer of the treated polyethylene foam was placed adhesive side down on top of the polystyrene disc with the coated brass stud protruding through the hole in the foam forming a laminate similar to FIG. 1 but without the gelled pad.
A l/2-inch diameter preform was cut from the laminate concentrically around the center. A five-eighthsinch diameter piece of open celled polyurethane foam having a thickness of three-sixteenths-inch and having a density of about 1.1 pounds per cubic foot was placed into the cavity formed by the polystyrene disc and the 0.075-inch thick polyethylene foam. The foam was adhesively bonded in place by the adhesive on the polystyrene disc. Sodium chloride electrolyte (EKG- SOL) was injected into the foam disc; about 0.3 cubic centimeters of electrolyte being injected into the foam.
The electrodes were then packaged in an airtight container to prevent the electrolyte from drying out.
What is claimed is:
l. A medical monitoring electrode for attachment to external monitoring means, said electrode comprising a soft resilient layer having an aperture therethrough, said layer having on one side thereof a coating of hypoallergenic adhesive for securing said electrode to a patients skin and having within said aperture a spongy, open-celled foam filled with a conductive electrolyte, a rigid plastic disc adhered to said layer opposite said adhesive coating and overlying said aperture, said open-celled foam being adhesively retained within said aperture, and an electrically conductive snap carried by said plastic disc and extending above the top face thereof for connection with an external monitoring means and being in electrical contact with said electrolyte at the opposite face of said disc.
2. The electrode of claim 1 having in addition a layer of foam covering the rigid plastic disc and having an aperture therethrough for the connection of the conductive snap to the external monitor.
3. The electrode of claim' 1, where said electrically conductive snap passes through said plastic disc.
4. The electrode of claim 1, where said snap and said disc are a unitary plastic body and have a conductive layer disposed thereon.
5. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the means for adhesively retaining said open-celled foam within said aperture comprises a coating of adhesive on the undersurface of said disc overlying said aperture.

Claims (5)

1. A medical monitoring electrode for attachment to external monitoring means, said electrode comprising a soft resilient layer having an aperture therethrough, said layer having on one side thereof a coating of hypoallergenic adhesive for securing said electrode to a patient''s skin and having within said aperture a spongy, open-celled foam filled with a conductive electrolyte, a rigid plastic disc adhered to said layer opposite said adhesive coating and overlying said aperture, said opencelled foam being adhesively retained within said aperture, and an electrically conductive snap carried by said plastic disc and extending above the top face thereof for connection with an external monitoring means and being in electrical contact with said electrolyte at the opposite face of said disc.
2. The electrode of claim 1 having in addition a layer of foam covering the rigid plastic disc and having an aperture therethrough for the connection of the conductive snap to the external monitor.
3. The electrode of claim 1, where said electrically conductive snap passes through said plastic disc.
4. The electrode of claim 1, where said snap and said disc are a unitary plastic body and have a conductive layer disposed thereon.
5. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the means for adhesively retaining said open-celled foam within said aperture comprises a coating of adhesive on the undersurface of said disc overlying said aperture.
US00270954A 1972-07-12 1972-07-12 Biomedical monitoring electrode Expired - Lifetime US3845757A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00270954A US3845757A (en) 1972-07-12 1972-07-12 Biomedical monitoring electrode

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00270954A US3845757A (en) 1972-07-12 1972-07-12 Biomedical monitoring electrode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3845757A true US3845757A (en) 1974-11-05

Family

ID=23033557

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00270954A Expired - Lifetime US3845757A (en) 1972-07-12 1972-07-12 Biomedical monitoring electrode

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3845757A (en)

Cited By (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964469A (en) * 1975-04-21 1976-06-22 Eastprint, Inc. Disposable electrode
US3994302A (en) * 1975-08-14 1976-11-30 Medtronic, Inc. Stimulation electrode of ion-exchange material
US4029086A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-06-14 Consolidated Medical Equipment, Inc. Electrode arrangement
US4040412A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-08-09 Sato Takuya R Bioelectrodes
US4051842A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-10-04 International Medical Corporation Electrode and interfacing pad for electrical physiological systems
FR2359594A1 (en) * 1976-07-27 1978-02-24 Bard Inc C R MEDICAL ELECTRODE
US4079731A (en) * 1975-07-03 1978-03-21 Cardiolink Electrodes, Ltd. Medical electrodes
FR2373265A1 (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-07-07 Mi Systems Inc ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CONTROL PAD
US4102331A (en) * 1976-09-21 1978-07-25 Datascope Corporation Device for transmitting electrical energy
WO1979000042A1 (en) * 1977-07-13 1979-02-08 A Mercuri Biomedical electrode assembly
EP0013613A1 (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-07-23 Johnson & Johnson Products Inc. Electrosurgical grounding pad
US4653503A (en) * 1983-11-23 1987-03-31 R2 Corporation Physiological electrodes for use with magnetic connector
US4742828A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-05-10 Rematra Research, Marketing & Trading Co. S.A. Disposable electrode for monitoring a patient
US4938219A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-07-03 Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd. Electrocardiographic electrode
US5012810A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5078139A (en) * 1988-09-22 1992-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5402780A (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-04-04 Faasse, Jr.; Adrian L. Medical electrode with offset contact stud
US6121508A (en) * 1995-12-29 2000-09-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Polar, lipophilic pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions and medical devices using same
US6280463B1 (en) 1998-08-26 2001-08-28 Zmd Corporation Reducing skin damage in use of medical electrodes
US20030009097A1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2003-01-09 Sheraton David A. Electrode sensor package and application to the skin of a newborn or infant
US20040267188A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2004-12-30 Francine Behar Device for delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis
US20060122298A1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2006-06-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogels
US20080207779A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Ali Yahiaoui Electrically conductive hydrogels
WO2009072023A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Forehead mounted impedance plethysmography system and method
US20090292194A1 (en) * 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Corventis, Inc. Chiropractic Care Management Systems and Methods
US7658196B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-02-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method for determining implanted device orientation
US7775966B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-08-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Non-invasive pressure measurement in a fluid adjustable restrictive device
US7775215B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-08-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method for determining implanted device positioning and obtaining pressure data
US7844342B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2010-11-30 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Powering implantable restriction systems using light
US20110065319A1 (en) * 2008-05-01 2011-03-17 Oster Craig D Stretchable conductive connector
US20110077497A1 (en) * 2008-05-01 2011-03-31 Oster Craig D Biomedical sensor system
US7927270B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-04-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. External mechanical pressure sensor for gastric band pressure measurements
WO2011081891A1 (en) 2009-12-14 2011-07-07 Corventis, Inc. Body adherent patch with electronics for physiologic monitoring
US8016745B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Monitoring of a food intake restriction device
US8016744B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. External pressure-based gastric band adjustment system and method
US8034065B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2011-10-11 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Controlling pressure in adjustable restriction devices
US8057492B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2011-11-15 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Automatically adjusting band system with MEMS pump
US8066629B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-11-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Apparatus for adjustment and sensing of gastric band pressure
EP2407096A1 (en) 2010-07-13 2012-01-18 CECOTEPE asbl Textile electrode
US8100870B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-01-24 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Adjustable height gastric restriction devices and methods
US8114345B2 (en) 2008-02-08 2012-02-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method of sterilizing an implantable medical device
US8116841B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2012-02-14 Corventis, Inc. Adherent device with multiple physiological sensors
US8142452B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2012-03-27 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Controlling pressure in adjustable restriction devices
US8152710B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2012-04-10 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Physiological parameter analysis for an implantable restriction device and a data logger
US8187162B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2012-05-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Reorientation port
US8187163B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2012-05-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods for implanting a gastric restriction device
US8192350B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-06-05 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for measuring impedance in a gastric restriction system
US8221439B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2012-07-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Powering implantable restriction systems using kinetic motion
US8233995B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2012-07-31 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method of aligning an implantable antenna
US8249686B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2012-08-21 Corventis, Inc. Adherent device for sleep disordered breathing
US8337389B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-12-25 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for diagnosing performance of a gastric restriction system
US8374688B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2013-02-12 Corventis, Inc. System and methods for wireless body fluid monitoring
US8377079B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2013-02-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Constant force mechanisms for regulating restriction devices
US8412317B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2013-04-02 Corventis, Inc. Method and apparatus to measure bioelectric impedance of patient tissue
US8428682B1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2013-04-23 Orbital Research Inc. Wet or dry electrode, other sensors, actuators, or markers with a novel adhesive collar
US8460189B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2013-06-11 Corventis, Inc. Adherent cardiac monitor with advanced sensing capabilities
US8591395B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2013-11-26 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Gastric restriction device data handling devices and methods
US8591532B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2013-11-26 Ethicon Endo-Sugery, Inc. Automatically adjusting band system
US8684925B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2014-04-01 Corventis, Inc. Injectable device for physiological monitoring
US8718752B2 (en) 2008-03-12 2014-05-06 Corventis, Inc. Heart failure decompensation prediction based on cardiac rhythm
US20140187063A1 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Suunto Oy Male end of a telemetric transceiver
US8790259B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2014-07-29 Corventis, Inc. Method and apparatus for remote detection and monitoring of functional chronotropic incompetence
US8870742B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2014-10-28 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. GUI for an implantable restriction device and a data logger
US8897868B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2014-11-25 Medtronic, Inc. Medical device automatic start-up upon contact to patient tissue
US8965498B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2015-02-24 Corventis, Inc. Method and apparatus for personalized physiologic parameters
WO2016038545A1 (en) 2014-09-10 2016-03-17 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Non-invasive drawable electrode for neuromuscular electrical stimulation and biological signal sensing
US9357929B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2016-06-07 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for monitoring body temperature of a person
US9411936B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2016-08-09 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Dynamic pairing of patients to data collection gateways
US9420952B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2016-08-23 Carefusion 303, Inc. Temperature probe suitable for axillary reading
US20180020942A1 (en) * 2016-07-20 2018-01-25 Preventice Technologies, Inc. Wearable patch with rigid insert
US10039466B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2018-08-07 City University Of Hong Kong Apparatus for detection of electrical signals of a biological subject and electrode thereof, and method of manufacture thereof
US20190254603A1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2019-08-22 Leonh. Lang Electrode for application to human skin
WO2020201878A1 (en) 2019-04-01 2020-10-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogels
WO2021099952A1 (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-27 Spes Medica Srl Electrode for recording electroencephalographic signals and/or stimulating patients
US11083415B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2021-08-10 Carefusion 303, Inc. Vital-signs patch having a strain relief
US11090011B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2021-08-17 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for reducing false alarms associated with vital-signs monitoring
US11264131B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2022-03-01 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for saving battery power in a patient monitoring system
US11311239B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2022-04-26 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for storing and forwarding data from a vital-signs monitor

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170459A (en) * 1962-03-20 1965-02-23 Clifford G Phipps Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US3518984A (en) * 1967-10-12 1970-07-07 Univ Johns Hopkins Packaged diagnostic electrode device
US3545432A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-12-08 Gulton Ind Inc Body electrode assembly
US3587565A (en) * 1969-08-25 1971-06-28 Cardiac Electronics Inc Disposable electrode
US3599629A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-08-17 Lexington Instr Oxidized surface biopotential skin electrode
US3610229A (en) * 1969-03-07 1971-10-05 Ilias Zenkich Electrocardiograph electrodes with conductive jelly supply means
US3696807A (en) * 1970-02-13 1972-10-10 Mdm Corp Medical electrode with relatively rigid electrolyte cup
US3701346A (en) * 1971-01-04 1972-10-31 Bionetics Inc Medical electrode

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170459A (en) * 1962-03-20 1965-02-23 Clifford G Phipps Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US3545432A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-12-08 Gulton Ind Inc Body electrode assembly
US3518984A (en) * 1967-10-12 1970-07-07 Univ Johns Hopkins Packaged diagnostic electrode device
US3599629A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-08-17 Lexington Instr Oxidized surface biopotential skin electrode
US3610229A (en) * 1969-03-07 1971-10-05 Ilias Zenkich Electrocardiograph electrodes with conductive jelly supply means
US3587565A (en) * 1969-08-25 1971-06-28 Cardiac Electronics Inc Disposable electrode
US3696807A (en) * 1970-02-13 1972-10-10 Mdm Corp Medical electrode with relatively rigid electrolyte cup
US3701346A (en) * 1971-01-04 1972-10-31 Bionetics Inc Medical electrode

Cited By (112)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4040412A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-08-09 Sato Takuya R Bioelectrodes
US3964469A (en) * 1975-04-21 1976-06-22 Eastprint, Inc. Disposable electrode
US4079731A (en) * 1975-07-03 1978-03-21 Cardiolink Electrodes, Ltd. Medical electrodes
US4029086A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-06-14 Consolidated Medical Equipment, Inc. Electrode arrangement
US3994302A (en) * 1975-08-14 1976-11-30 Medtronic, Inc. Stimulation electrode of ion-exchange material
US4051842A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-10-04 International Medical Corporation Electrode and interfacing pad for electrical physiological systems
FR2359594A1 (en) * 1976-07-27 1978-02-24 Bard Inc C R MEDICAL ELECTRODE
US4102331A (en) * 1976-09-21 1978-07-25 Datascope Corporation Device for transmitting electrical energy
FR2373265A1 (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-07-07 Mi Systems Inc ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CONTROL PAD
WO1979000042A1 (en) * 1977-07-13 1979-02-08 A Mercuri Biomedical electrode assembly
US4161174A (en) * 1977-07-13 1979-07-17 Mercuri Albert R Biomedical electrode assembly
EP0013613A1 (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-07-23 Johnson & Johnson Products Inc. Electrosurgical grounding pad
US4653503A (en) * 1983-11-23 1987-03-31 R2 Corporation Physiological electrodes for use with magnetic connector
US4742828A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-05-10 Rematra Research, Marketing & Trading Co. S.A. Disposable electrode for monitoring a patient
US4938219A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-07-03 Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd. Electrocardiographic electrode
US5012810A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5078139A (en) * 1988-09-22 1992-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5402780A (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-04-04 Faasse, Jr.; Adrian L. Medical electrode with offset contact stud
US6121508A (en) * 1995-12-29 2000-09-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Polar, lipophilic pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions and medical devices using same
US6453205B1 (en) 1998-08-26 2002-09-17 Michael R. Dupelle Reducing skin damage in use of medical electrodes
US6280463B1 (en) 1998-08-26 2001-08-28 Zmd Corporation Reducing skin damage in use of medical electrodes
US20030009097A1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2003-01-09 Sheraton David A. Electrode sensor package and application to the skin of a newborn or infant
US6795722B2 (en) * 2001-06-18 2004-09-21 Neotech Products, Inc. Electrode sensor package and application to the skin of a newborn or infant
US20040267188A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2004-12-30 Francine Behar Device for delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis
US9192512B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2015-11-24 Eyegate Pharma S.A.S. Device for delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis
US20110098632A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2011-04-28 Eyegate Pharma S.A.S Device delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis
US8771256B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2014-07-08 Eyegate Pharma S.A. Device delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis
US7848800B2 (en) * 2001-10-12 2010-12-07 Eyegate Pharma S.A.S. Device for delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis
EP2251366A1 (en) 2004-12-03 2010-11-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogels
US20060122298A1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2006-06-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogels
US7999023B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2011-08-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogels
US7775215B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-08-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method for determining implanted device positioning and obtaining pressure data
US8066629B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-11-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Apparatus for adjustment and sensing of gastric band pressure
US7775966B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-08-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Non-invasive pressure measurement in a fluid adjustable restrictive device
US7927270B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-04-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. External mechanical pressure sensor for gastric band pressure measurements
US7658196B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-02-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method for determining implanted device orientation
US8016745B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Monitoring of a food intake restriction device
US8016744B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. External pressure-based gastric band adjustment system and method
US8870742B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2014-10-28 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. GUI for an implantable restriction device and a data logger
US8152710B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2012-04-10 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Physiological parameter analysis for an implantable restriction device and a data logger
US8428682B1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2013-04-23 Orbital Research Inc. Wet or dry electrode, other sensors, actuators, or markers with a novel adhesive collar
US7816412B2 (en) 2007-02-23 2010-10-19 Conmed Corporation Electrically conductive hydrogels
US20080207779A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Ali Yahiaoui Electrically conductive hydrogels
US9186089B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2015-11-17 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Injectable physiological monitoring system
US8285356B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2012-10-09 Corventis, Inc. Adherent device with multiple physiological sensors
US10599814B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2020-03-24 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Dynamic pairing of patients to data collection gateways
US10405809B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2019-09-10 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc Injectable device for physiological monitoring
US10028699B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2018-07-24 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Adherent device for sleep disordered breathing
US8591430B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2013-11-26 Corventis, Inc. Adherent device for respiratory monitoring
USRE46926E1 (en) 2007-09-14 2018-07-03 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Adherent device with multiple physiological sensors
US8116841B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2012-02-14 Corventis, Inc. Adherent device with multiple physiological sensors
US9770182B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2017-09-26 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Adherent device with multiple physiological sensors
US9579020B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2017-02-28 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Adherent cardiac monitor with advanced sensing capabilities
US9538960B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2017-01-10 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Injectable physiological monitoring system
US8684925B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2014-04-01 Corventis, Inc. Injectable device for physiological monitoring
US9411936B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2016-08-09 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Dynamic pairing of patients to data collection gateways
US8374688B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2013-02-12 Corventis, Inc. System and methods for wireless body fluid monitoring
US8897868B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2014-11-25 Medtronic, Inc. Medical device automatic start-up upon contact to patient tissue
US8249686B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2012-08-21 Corventis, Inc. Adherent device for sleep disordered breathing
US8460189B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2013-06-11 Corventis, Inc. Adherent cardiac monitor with advanced sensing capabilities
US8790257B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2014-07-29 Corventis, Inc. Multi-sensor patient monitor to detect impending cardiac decompensation
WO2009072023A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Forehead mounted impedance plethysmography system and method
US8187163B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2012-05-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods for implanting a gastric restriction device
US8100870B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-01-24 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Adjustable height gastric restriction devices and methods
US8377079B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2013-02-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Constant force mechanisms for regulating restriction devices
US8142452B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2012-03-27 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Controlling pressure in adjustable restriction devices
US8192350B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-06-05 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for measuring impedance in a gastric restriction system
US8591395B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2013-11-26 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Gastric restriction device data handling devices and methods
US8337389B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-12-25 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for diagnosing performance of a gastric restriction system
US7844342B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2010-11-30 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Powering implantable restriction systems using light
US8221439B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2012-07-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Powering implantable restriction systems using kinetic motion
US8114345B2 (en) 2008-02-08 2012-02-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method of sterilizing an implantable medical device
US8057492B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2011-11-15 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Automatically adjusting band system with MEMS pump
US8591532B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2013-11-26 Ethicon Endo-Sugery, Inc. Automatically adjusting band system
US8034065B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2011-10-11 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Controlling pressure in adjustable restriction devices
US8187162B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2012-05-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Reorientation port
US8233995B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2012-07-31 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method of aligning an implantable antenna
US8718752B2 (en) 2008-03-12 2014-05-06 Corventis, Inc. Heart failure decompensation prediction based on cardiac rhythm
US8412317B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2013-04-02 Corventis, Inc. Method and apparatus to measure bioelectric impedance of patient tissue
US9668667B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2017-06-06 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Method and apparatus to measure bioelectric impedance of patient tissue
US20110065319A1 (en) * 2008-05-01 2011-03-17 Oster Craig D Stretchable conductive connector
US20110077497A1 (en) * 2008-05-01 2011-03-31 Oster Craig D Biomedical sensor system
US8469741B2 (en) 2008-05-01 2013-06-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Stretchable conductive connector
US8700118B2 (en) 2008-05-01 2014-04-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Biomedical sensor system
US20090292194A1 (en) * 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Corventis, Inc. Chiropractic Care Management Systems and Methods
US10779737B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2020-09-22 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Method and apparatus for remote detection and monitoring of functional chronotropic incompetence
US8790259B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2014-07-29 Corventis, Inc. Method and apparatus for remote detection and monitoring of functional chronotropic incompetence
US9615757B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2017-04-11 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Method and apparatus for remote detection and monitoring of functional chronotropic incompetence
US9451897B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2016-09-27 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Body adherent patch with electronics for physiologic monitoring
WO2011081891A1 (en) 2009-12-14 2011-07-07 Corventis, Inc. Body adherent patch with electronics for physiologic monitoring
US9173615B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2015-11-03 Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. Method and apparatus for personalized physiologic parameters
US8965498B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2015-02-24 Corventis, Inc. Method and apparatus for personalized physiologic parameters
WO2012007384A1 (en) 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Cecotepe Asbl Textile electrode
EP2407096A1 (en) 2010-07-13 2012-01-18 CECOTEPE asbl Textile electrode
US9089273B2 (en) 2010-07-13 2015-07-28 Cecotepe Asbl Textile electrode
US11264131B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2022-03-01 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for saving battery power in a patient monitoring system
US9420952B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2016-08-23 Carefusion 303, Inc. Temperature probe suitable for axillary reading
US9357929B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2016-06-07 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for monitoring body temperature of a person
US11090011B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2021-08-17 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for reducing false alarms associated with vital-signs monitoring
US11083415B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2021-08-10 Carefusion 303, Inc. Vital-signs patch having a strain relief
US11311239B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2022-04-26 Carefusion 303, Inc. System and method for storing and forwarding data from a vital-signs monitor
US20140187063A1 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Suunto Oy Male end of a telemetric transceiver
US8814574B2 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-08-26 Suunto Oy Male end of a telemetric transceiver
WO2016038545A1 (en) 2014-09-10 2016-03-17 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Non-invasive drawable electrode for neuromuscular electrical stimulation and biological signal sensing
US11147492B2 (en) 2014-09-10 2021-10-19 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Non-invasive drawable electrode for neuromuscular electric stimulation and biological signal sensing
US10039466B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2018-08-07 City University Of Hong Kong Apparatus for detection of electrical signals of a biological subject and electrode thereof, and method of manufacture thereof
US20180020942A1 (en) * 2016-07-20 2018-01-25 Preventice Technologies, Inc. Wearable patch with rigid insert
US11064928B2 (en) * 2016-07-20 2021-07-20 Preventice Solutions, Inc. Wearable patch with rigid insert
US10285607B2 (en) * 2016-07-20 2019-05-14 Preventice Technologies, Inc. Wearable patch with rigid insert
US20190254603A1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2019-08-22 Leonh. Lang Electrode for application to human skin
WO2020201878A1 (en) 2019-04-01 2020-10-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogels
WO2021099952A1 (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-27 Spes Medica Srl Electrode for recording electroencephalographic signals and/or stimulating patients

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3845757A (en) Biomedical monitoring electrode
US4051842A (en) Electrode and interfacing pad for electrical physiological systems
US3989035A (en) Disposable medical electrode
US3901218A (en) Disposable electrode
US4126126A (en) Non-metallic pregelled electrode
US4196737A (en) Transcutaneous electrode construction
US3868946A (en) Medical electrode
US5622168A (en) Conductive hydrogels and physiological electrodes and electrode assemblies therefrom
US3998215A (en) Bio-medical electrode conductive gel pads
US4362165A (en) Stable gel electrode
US3888240A (en) Electrode assembly and methods of using the same in the respiratory and/or cardiac monitoring of an infant
US4777954A (en) Conductive adhesive medical electrode assemblies
KR910005881Y1 (en) Electrode for electrocardiogram examination
US4559950A (en) Disposable biomedical and diagnostic electrode
US3828766A (en) Disposable medical electrode
EP0255241B1 (en) Medical electrode
US3774592A (en) Method for providing an improved body electrode electrical connection
US5003978A (en) Non-polarizable dry biomedical electrode
US3701346A (en) Medical electrode
US5465715A (en) Positive locking biomedical electrode and connector system
US5372125A (en) Positive locking biomedical electrode and connector system
US4215696A (en) Biomedical electrode with pressurized skin contact
US5195523A (en) Medical electrode assembly
JPH06335459A (en) Biomedicine electrode
AU723051B2 (en) Method and device for sensing bioelectrical signals