US3827863A - Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy - Google Patents

Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy Download PDF

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US3827863A
US3827863A US00286393A US28639372A US3827863A US 3827863 A US3827863 A US 3827863A US 00286393 A US00286393 A US 00286393A US 28639372 A US28639372 A US 28639372A US 3827863 A US3827863 A US 3827863A
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alloy
sintered
thermal
cobalt
iron
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US00286393A
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K Takahashi
M Hasegawa
K Nara
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Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd
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Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0242—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy using the impregnating technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
    • Y10T428/12167—Nonmetal containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
    • Y10T428/12174—Mo or W containing

Definitions

  • a publicly known metal such as chromium, cobalt, tungsten, etc. has not only a large abrasion resistance but also is prominent in its characteristics at elevated temperatures and is applied in various fields.
  • a metal has many problems to be solved when it is used as sintered parts for a machine. That is, such a metal has a high melting point so that the sintering temperature is, of necessity, required to be elevated and the sintering time has to be extended, and, therefore, it is naturally disadvantageous in cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the hardness at elevated temperatures of sintered alloys of Examples 1 and 2 and on a conventionally cast iron and a sintered iron alloy.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the abrasion resistance of sintered alloys of Examples 1 and 2 and of a conventionally cast iron and a sintered iron alloy.
  • the sintered alloy of the present invention is obtained by adding 15 to 25% of special alloy powder consisting of, by weight, 1 to 3% of carbon, 55 to 65% of chrmium, 25 to 30% of tungsten and to 20% of cobalt to a powdery composition mainly composed of iron and containing carbon, nickel and molybdenum, and compression-molded the resulting powdery composition mainly composed of iron and comprising, by weight, 0.6 to 2% of carbon, 1 to 3% of nickel, 0.3 to 1.5% of molybdenum, to of chromium, 5 to 15% of cobalt and 3 to 7% of tungsten under a pressure of 3 to 6 ton/ cm. and sintering it in an atmosphere at 1120 to 1170 C. for 30 to 60 minutes.
  • Nickel strengthens the base structure of the alloy and improves the thermal resistance and abrasion resistance. However, the effect is small with a nickel content of less than 1%, while, when it is more than 3%, the base structure locally turns to martensite so that the hardness increases unnecessarily and the structure and the hardness lose uniformity.
  • Molybdenum increases the tenacity of alloy as well as the impact strength and endurance limit, and, on the other hand, improves the heat treatment property and stabilizes the structure after sintering and further possesses a synergistic effect, with other elements. However, there is no elfect with less than 0.3% of molybdenum and even with more than 1.5% no increase in eifect corresponding to the increase is not obtained.
  • alloy powder 15 to 25 of alloy powder are selected and chromium, cobalt and tungsten are established at 10 to 15%, 5 to 15% and 3 to 7%, respectively.
  • the amount of lead impregnated has been experimentally confirmed to be preferably within the range of 0.05 to 5% by weight. That is, with less than 0.05% the effect of impregnation is not remarkable and the impregnation of more than 5% of lead involves a problem in strength from the relation with the density of material before impregnation.
  • EXAMPLE 1 18% of a special alloy powder (150 mesh) comprising 0.74% of graphite powder (325 mesh), 1.08% of carbonyl nickel powder (250 mesh), 0.35% (as molybdenum) of ferro-molybdenum powder (150 mesh), 55 to 65% of chromium, 25 to 30% of tungsten and 5 to 20% of cobalt were added to reduced iron powder mesh) as iron powder (at this time, the actual chromium content was 10.8%, tungsten 5.4% and cobalt 1.8% Then, cobalt powder mesh) was added thereto so that the cobalt content became 5.5% and further 1% of zinc stearate was added and mixed as a lubricant.
  • a special alloy powder 150 mesh
  • graphite powder 325 mesh
  • carbonyl nickel powder 250 mesh
  • 0.35% as molybdenum
  • ferro-molybdenum powder 150 mesh
  • cobalt powder mesh was added thereto so that the cobalt content became 5.5% and further 1%
  • the mixture was molded under a pressure of 4 ton/cm. and sintered at 1120 to 1170 C. in an atmosphere of decomposed ammonium gas.
  • This sintered material had a density of 6.5 g./cm. and a hardness on the Rockwell B scale of 94'.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A sample was prepared by adding 2.3% of the special alloy powder under the same conditions as described in Example 1 and then the sample was impregnated with molten lead. The final composition of the sample was 1.71% of carbon, 2.83% of nickel, 1.33% of molybdenum, 14.1% of chromium, 7.0% of tungsten and 14.2% of cobalt and the lead content after lead impregnation was 3.8%.
  • the sintered material had a density of 6.7 g./cm. and a hardness on the Rockwell B scale of 96.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the results of measuring the hardness at elevated temperatures and abrasion using a valve sheet abrasion testing machine (number of rotation 3000 rpm, spring pressure 35 kg, valve velocity at the time of valve closing 0.5 rn./sec., width of valve 1 mm., test repeating 3 number 8x10 material SUI-1 31 B) on the sintered alloy of Examples 1 and 2 in comparison with a conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro alloy.
  • the sintered alloy of the present invention was higher in hardness at elevated temperatures in comparison with the conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro iron, and was excellent in hardness characteristics.
  • the conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro alloy had peaks at 300 C. and 400 C., respectively, and the sintered alloy of the present invention was lower in abrasion and very stable at elevated temperatures.
  • the compositions of the conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro alloy were as follows:
  • the sintered alloy of the present invention is advantageous in cost, and excellent in thermal and abrasion resistance with improved sintering time -by alloying chromi- References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,471,343 10/1969 Koehler -125 3,495,957 2/1970 Matoba et al 29182.l 2,662,010 12/1953 Ahles 75123 J 2,562,543 7/1951 Gippert 75123 K BENJAMIN R. PADGETT, Primary Examiner B. HUNT, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

Abstract

AN ALLOY PREPARED BY MOLDING A POWDERY COMPOSITION COMPRISING 0.6 TO 2% OF CARBON, 1 TO 3% OF NICKEL, 10 TO 15% OF CHROMIUM, 0.3 TO 1.5% OF MOLYBDENUM, 5 TO 15% OF COBALT AND 1 TO 7% OF TUNGSTEN, BY WEIGHT, AND THE BALANCE BEING IRON, AND THEN SINTERING THE MOLDED COMPOSITION HAS LARGE THERMAL RESISTANCE AND ABRASION RESISTANCE.

Description

Aug 6, 1974 KENTARO TAKAHASHI ETAL 3,827,863
' THERMAL AND ABRASION RESISTANT SINTERED ALLOY Filed Sent. 5. 1972 FIG.
0 EXAMPLE OF THIS INVENTION CONVENTIONAL SINTERED FERRO-ALLOY HARCNFLSS NORMAL IOIO 2OO 300 4OO sOO sOO (c) TEMP TRANSFORMATION TEMP.
E 0 EXAMPLE OF THIS INVENTION 5 CONVENTlONAL SINTERED g O25 FERRO-ALLOY a x CONVENTIONAL cAsT ALLOY 12 02 ll: 0 [I] LL O.l5 x O -o E 0.! D O E 0.05
L v AL IOO 2OO 3OO 4 00 50 0 (c) TRANSFORMATION TEMP.
rates 3,827,863 THERMAL AND ABRASION RESISTANT SINTERED ALLOY Kentaro Takahashi, Ohmiya, Minoru Hasegawa, Saitama, and Kaoru Nara, Kawaguchi, Japan, assignors to Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Filed Sept. 5, 1972, Ser. No. 286,393 Claims priority, application Japan, Sept. 2, 1971, 46/ 66,981 Int. Cl. B22f 1/00 US. Cl. 29182 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An alloy prepared by molding a powdery composition comprising 0.6 to 2% of carbon, 1 to 3% of nickel, 10 to 15% of chromium, 0.3 to 1.5% of molybdenum, 5 to 15 of cobalt and 3 to 7% of tungsten, by weight, and the balance being iron, and then sintering the molded composition has large thermal resistance and abrasion resistance.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A publicly known metal such as chromium, cobalt, tungsten, etc. has not only a large abrasion resistance but also is prominent in its characteristics at elevated temperatures and is applied in various fields. However, such a metal has many problems to be solved when it is used as sintered parts for a machine. That is, such a metal has a high melting point so that the sintering temperature is, of necessity, required to be elevated and the sintering time has to be extended, and, therefore, it is naturally disadvantageous in cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the hardness at elevated temperatures of sintered alloys of Examples 1 and 2 and on a conventionally cast iron and a sintered iron alloy.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the abrasion resistance of sintered alloys of Examples 1 and 2 and of a conventionally cast iron and a sintered iron alloy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The sintered alloy of the present invention is obtained by adding 15 to 25% of special alloy powder consisting of, by weight, 1 to 3% of carbon, 55 to 65% of chrmium, 25 to 30% of tungsten and to 20% of cobalt to a powdery composition mainly composed of iron and containing carbon, nickel and molybdenum, and compression-molded the resulting powdery composition mainly composed of iron and comprising, by weight, 0.6 to 2% of carbon, 1 to 3% of nickel, 0.3 to 1.5% of molybdenum, to of chromium, 5 to 15% of cobalt and 3 to 7% of tungsten under a pressure of 3 to 6 ton/ cm. and sintering it in an atmosphere at 1120 to 1170 C. for 30 to 60 minutes.
3,827,863 Patented Aug. 6, 1974 When the carbon content is less than 0.6% by weight, the alloy changes to a ferrite-excessive structure so that high hardness cannot be expected while, with more than 2%, the alloy changes to a cementite-excessive structure which is high in brittleness.
Nickel strengthens the base structure of the alloy and improves the thermal resistance and abrasion resistance. However, the effect is small with a nickel content of less than 1%, while, when it is more than 3%, the base structure locally turns to martensite so that the hardness increases unnecessarily and the structure and the hardness lose uniformity.
Molybdenum increases the tenacity of alloy as well as the impact strength and endurance limit, and, on the other hand, improves the heat treatment property and stabilizes the structure after sintering and further possesses a synergistic effect, with other elements. However, there is no elfect with less than 0.3% of molybdenum and even with more than 1.5% no increase in eifect corresponding to the increase is not obtained.
In connection with the manufacturing of the alloy powder and structure and characteristic of sintered material, 15 to 25 of alloy powder are selected and chromium, cobalt and tungsten are established at 10 to 15%, 5 to 15% and 3 to 7%, respectively.
In the sintered alloy of the present invention, from a viewpoint of providing the material with a high density and improving the lubricating property, it is very advantageous to impregnate molten lead into the alloy after the alloy is molded and sintered. In this case, the amount of lead impregnated has been experimentally confirmed to be preferably within the range of 0.05 to 5% by weight. That is, with less than 0.05% the effect of impregnation is not remarkable and the impregnation of more than 5% of lead involves a problem in strength from the relation with the density of material before impregnation.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following Examples by which the present invention is not intended to be limited. All percents are by weight.
EXAMPLE 1 18% of a special alloy powder (150 mesh) comprising 0.74% of graphite powder (325 mesh), 1.08% of carbonyl nickel powder (250 mesh), 0.35% (as molybdenum) of ferro-molybdenum powder (150 mesh), 55 to 65% of chromium, 25 to 30% of tungsten and 5 to 20% of cobalt were added to reduced iron powder mesh) as iron powder (at this time, the actual chromium content was 10.8%, tungsten 5.4% and cobalt 1.8% Then, cobalt powder mesh) was added thereto so that the cobalt content became 5.5% and further 1% of zinc stearate was added and mixed as a lubricant. The mixture was molded under a pressure of 4 ton/cm. and sintered at 1120 to 1170 C. in an atmosphere of decomposed ammonium gas. This sintered material had a density of 6.5 g./cm. and a hardness on the Rockwell B scale of 94'.
EXAMPLE 2 A sample was prepared by adding 2.3% of the special alloy powder under the same conditions as described in Example 1 and then the sample was impregnated with molten lead. The final composition of the sample was 1.71% of carbon, 2.83% of nickel, 1.33% of molybdenum, 14.1% of chromium, 7.0% of tungsten and 14.2% of cobalt and the lead content after lead impregnation was 3.8%. The sintered material had a density of 6.7 g./cm. and a hardness on the Rockwell B scale of 96.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the results of measuring the hardness at elevated temperatures and abrasion using a valve sheet abrasion testing machine (number of rotation 3000 rpm, spring pressure 35 kg, valve velocity at the time of valve closing 0.5 rn./sec., width of valve 1 mm., test repeating 3 number 8x10 material SUI-1 31 B) on the sintered alloy of Examples 1 and 2 in comparison with a conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro alloy. As is apparent from the results obtained the sintered alloy of the present invention was higher in hardness at elevated temperatures in comparison with the conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro iron, and was excellent in hardness characteristics. In the abrasion test the conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro alloy had peaks at 300 C. and 400 C., respectively, and the sintered alloy of the present invention was lower in abrasion and very stable at elevated temperatures. The compositions of the conventionally known cast iron and sintered ferro alloy were as follows:
Sintered ferro alloy:
Carbon 1%, copper 3%, chromium 3%, and balance 11'011. Cast iron:
Carbon 3.02%, silicon 2.11%, manganese 0.48%, chromium 0.81%.
The sintered alloy of the present invention is advantageous in cost, and excellent in thermal and abrasion resistance with improved sintering time -by alloying chromi- References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,471,343 10/1969 Koehler -125 3,495,957 2/1970 Matoba et al 29182.l 2,662,010 12/1953 Ahles 75123 J 2,562,543 7/1951 Gippert 75123 K BENJAMIN R. PADGETT, Primary Examiner B. HUNT, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
29-1871, 156.7 A; 75128 B, 128 D, 128 W
US00286393A 1971-09-02 1972-09-05 Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy Expired - Lifetime US3827863A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977838A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-08-31 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Anti-wear ferrous sintered alloy
US4049429A (en) * 1973-03-29 1977-09-20 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Ferritic alloys of low flow stress for P/M forgings
US4123265A (en) * 1974-02-21 1978-10-31 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Method of producing ferrous sintered alloy of improved wear resistance
US4327156A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-04-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Infiltrated powdered metal composite article
US4422875A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-12-27 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. Ferro-sintered alloys
US4808226A (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-02-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Bearings fabricated from rapidly solidified powder and method
GB2370281A (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-06-26 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Iron-based sintered alloy for valve seats

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50101205A (en) * 1974-01-12 1975-08-11
JPS5530063B2 (en) * 1974-03-07 1980-08-08
JPS51112409A (en) * 1975-03-29 1976-10-04 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Sintered iron alloy materials for internal combustion engines
JPS59114170U (en) * 1983-01-21 1984-08-01 新井　慧次 Baseball batting practice pivot foot fixture

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1009425A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-11-10 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to metal powders and articles produced therefrom

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049429A (en) * 1973-03-29 1977-09-20 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Ferritic alloys of low flow stress for P/M forgings
US3977838A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-08-31 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Anti-wear ferrous sintered alloy
US4123265A (en) * 1974-02-21 1978-10-31 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Method of producing ferrous sintered alloy of improved wear resistance
US4422875A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-12-27 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. Ferro-sintered alloys
US4552590A (en) * 1980-04-25 1985-11-12 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co. Ltd. Ferro-sintered alloys
US4327156A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-04-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Infiltrated powdered metal composite article
US4808226A (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-02-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Bearings fabricated from rapidly solidified powder and method
GB2370281A (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-06-26 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Iron-based sintered alloy for valve seats

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DE2243195A1 (en) 1973-03-15
JPS5113093B2 (en) 1976-04-24
JPS4832711A (en) 1973-05-02

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