US3825493A - Peritoneal artificial kidney - Google Patents
Peritoneal artificial kidney Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3825493A US3825493A US00293474A US29347472A US3825493A US 3825493 A US3825493 A US 3825493A US 00293474 A US00293474 A US 00293474A US 29347472 A US29347472 A US 29347472A US 3825493 A US3825493 A US 3825493A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- peritoneal
- fluid
- cavity
- blood
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1694—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid
- A61M1/1696—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid with dialysate regeneration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
- A61M1/281—Instillation other than by gravity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
- A61M1/282—Operational modes
- A61M1/284—Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis [CFPD]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/243—Dialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/28—Apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2209/00—Ancillary equipment
- A61M2209/08—Supports for equipment
- A61M2209/088—Supports for equipment on the body
Definitions
- This invention relates to artificial kidneys for removing toxic substances in the blood normally excreted through the human kidney, and more particularly, to a compact, wearable artificial kidney for removing the toxic substances by peritoneal dialysis.
- kidneys have prolonged the lives of human beings with damaged or inoperative kidneys.
- the physiology of the human kidney is fairly well understood and involves the removal of nonvolatile wastes from the blood stream and the continuous regulation of the blood composition such that the conditions in body tissues necessary for the life of cells are maintained. Accordingly, when the kidneys are not operating properly, these functions must be performed by artificial means to prevent any imbalance from developing and the build-up of toxic conditions in the blood.
- a variety of artificial devices has been developed for assuming the function of a human kidney. Most commonly, these devices withdraw blood from the body and pass the blood through an external dialyzer to draw out or remove the undesired toxic substances from the blood and then the blood is returned to the body. When these devices are used for several hours, several times per week, they are capable of reducing the level of concentration of toxic substances in the blood to a safe level.
- dialysate or wash solution must be carefully formulated so as to be isotonic to the blood and so that certain desirable constituents of the blood, such as electrolytes, are not lost in the dialysis procedure.
- the devices all commonly operate on an intermittent basis, requiring a high volume of dialysate and in turn necessitating a bulky and immobile reservoir for the solution. Further, the intermittent use of such devices causes the concentrations of toxic substances in the patients blood stream to oscillate from an abnormally high position just prior to treatment to a low point immediately following treatment. This creates undesirable side effects in the patients general condition. Finally, the fact that the blood is being used for the treatment involves the risk of clotting and anticoagulants must be utilized in the treatment.
- a completely recirculating artificial kidney suitable for use in removing toxic substances from the blood by peritoneal dialysis.
- the device operates on the well known technique of peritoneal dialysis, in which a prepared solution is circulated through the peritoneal cavity and the unwanted metabolites, such as urea, creatinine, uric acid, etc. are drawn into the solution by natural diffusion from the blood stream across the peritoneal membranes, resulting in what is commonly referred to as peritoneal fluid.
- This fluid now containing the unwanted toxic substances is removed from the body, and passed through an external dialyzer to remove the toxic substances from the peritoneal fluid, and the purified fluid is then returned to the peritoneal cavity.
- an external dialyzer to remove the toxic substances from the peritoneal fluid
- the purified fluid is then returned to the peritoneal cavity.
- means are also provided for purifying, reconstituting, and re cycling the dialysate for the external dialyzer.
- the device comprises two recirculating loops; one for the body fluid and one for the dialysate.
- this invention comprises circulating a prepared solution through the peritoneal cavity to withdraw toxic metabolites from the blood across the peritoneal membranes and into the solution forming peritoneal fluid; removing the peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity; filtering the fluid to remove toxic substances from the peritoneal fluid; reconstituting and recycling the filtered fluid back to the peritoneal cavity; and discarding the rejected wastes.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the peritoneal artificial kidney of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a suitable filter cell employing reverse osmosis membranes.
- the artificial kidney of this invention is particularly adapted for use with peritoneal fluid.
- peritoneal fluid is meant not only that fluid naturally existing in the peritoneal cavity, but the prepared conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions added to the cavity to supplement its volume.
- peritoneal dialysis for performing the function of a natural kidney and other examples of previous methods for performing recirculation peritoneal dialysis, reference is made to an article by J. H. Shinaberger, L. Shear and K. G. Barry, entitled Increasing Efiiciency of Peritoneal Dialysis," Transactions of American Society of Artificial Internal Organs, Vol. II, pages 76-82, 1965.
- peritoneal fluid 2 is withdrawn from conventional catheters 4, preferably of silicone rubber, implanted surgically in the peritoneum or peritoneal cavity and forced by the pumping action of a high-pressure pump 6 to the intake side 8 of a filtration means 10.
- filtration means or filter cell 10 in cludes as the filter element 12 a membrane with hyperfiltration characteristics, such as reverse osmosis membranes, mounted within a suitable housing and having inlet means 14 for the peritoneal fluid, toxic metabolite eflluent means 16, both on the same side 8 of the filtration element 12, and a purified filtrate outlet means 18.
- Cell ber of alternative devices having hyperfilter characteristics that were used to cleanse the dialysate for the external dialyzer.
- Peritoneal fluid is fed to filter cell 10 under pressure and at a rate of from to 50 ml./min., where it travels through the cell with a motion parallel to the filtering element 12, emerging as a concentrated solution of low molecular weight solutes or metabolites, such as urea, creatinine, uric acid, and electrolytes from outlet 16.
- Pressure is maintained on the order of 400 to 600 p.s.i. to pro vide a pressure differential across membrane 12 in filter cell by pump 6, and pressure regulating valve 20 in the waste rejection line 22.
- Relief or regulating valve 20 is designed to permit a continuous flow of peritoneal fluid through filter cell 10 and a continuous flow of wastes 22 to a urinal 24.
- peritoneal dialysis treatment Water is also removed in the peritoneal fluid. This is accomplished by providing the solution fed to the peritoneal cavity with sorbitol or a sugar, such as dextrose, to produce an osmotic pressure difference between the body and the solution, causing a flow of water across the peritoneal membranes 1 and into the solution forming peritoneal fluid.
- sorbitol or a sugar such as dextrose
- the metabolites and electrolytes do not pass through membrane 12, but are rejected, and essentially only pure water tion may be added to the filtrate after it leaves filter cell 10 or, preferably, and as schematically shown in FIG. 1, is added at 19 to the low pressure side 26 of cell 10 and at the opposite end of the cell from peritoneal fluid inlet 14 so that its flow is countercurrent to the flow of peritoneal fluid.
- the osmotic pressure of the solution can be used to also assist in the flow of water through membrane 12 of the filter cell.
- the reconstituted water 28 is recycled back to the peritoneum through suitable catheters for further removal of toxic substances by peritoneal dialysis.
- High pressure pump 6 and metering pump 32 are preferably cam driven by a suitable electric motor which is in turn powered by a portable, re-chargeable battery to pro- 1' vide a convenient wearable system.
- the pump and metering system are conventional and are more fully described in the above-mentioned patent.
- the present invention provides a wearable, yet compact, artificial kidney Aminum Previous for use with peritoneal dialysis that recovers, filters, and reconstitutes peritoneal fluid in use and that requires only a small volume of fluid and a single recirculating loop.
- peritoneal dialysis that recovers, filters, and reconstitutes peritoneal fluid in use and that requires only a small volume of fluid and a single recirculating loop.
- any source of power, portable or non-portable could be used with the invention.
- a portable and wearable artificial kidney for continuously removing toxic metabolites from the blood comprising means for continuously circulating a prepared solution through the peritoneal cavity to draw toxic metabolites from the blood across the peritoneal membranes and into the fluid in the cavity forming peritoneal fluid; filtration means for continuously removing the toxic metabolites from the peritoneal fluid; means for continuously conveying the peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the filtration means; means for continuously, recycling purified filtrate from the filtration means back to the peritoneal cavity; and means for reconstituting the recycled peritoneal fluid to make it suitable for re-use in the peritoneal cavity.
- the filtration means comprises a plurality of membranes with hyperfiltration characteristics and means for pressurizing the peritoneal fluid conveyed to the membranes to provide a pressure differential across the membrane.
- the kidney of claim 2, wherein the filtration means includes a housing having peritoneal fluid inlet means and toxic metabolite eflluent means on the high pressure side of the membranes and purified filtrate outlet means on the low pressure side of the membranes.
- kidney of claim 2 wherein the housing also includes reconstituting fluid inlet means for introducing make-up solution to the low pressure side of the membranes in countercurrent flow to the flow of peritoneal fluid on the high pressure side of the membrane.
- a method for continuously removing toxic metabolites from the blood comprising continuously circulating a prepared solution through the peritoneal cavity to draw toxic metabolites from the blood across the peritoneal membranes and into the solution forming peritoneal fluid, continuously withdrawing the peritoneal fluid from the cavity, continuously filtering the fluid to remove the toxic metabolites, reconstituting and continuously recycling the filtered fluid to the peritoneal cavity for further use, and withdrawing and discharging the rejected residue as waste.
Abstract
PASSED OF PURE WATER WHILE REJECTING THE METABOLITES. THE FILTERED PERITONEAL FLUID IS THEN RECONSTITUTED WITH A CONTROLLED MAKE-UP SOLUTION FOR RECYCLE TO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY AND THE REJECTED RESIDUE IS DISCHARGED AS WASTE.
Description
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00161864A US3799873A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1971-07-09 | Artificial kidney |
US00293474A US3825493A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1972-09-29 | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
DE2321168A DE2321168A1 (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1973-04-26 | DEVICE FOR SEPARATING TOXIC SUBSTANCES FROM BODY FLUIDS, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY |
DE2321188A DE2321188A1 (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1973-04-26 | PERITONEAL ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY |
GB229874A GB1455772A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1974-01-17 | Artificial kidneys |
FR7401730A FR2258189B1 (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1974-01-18 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00293474A US3825493A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1972-09-29 | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3825493A true US3825493A (en) | 1974-07-23 |
Family
ID=23129236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00293474A Expired - Lifetime US3825493A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1972-09-29 | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3825493A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2321188A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2258189B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1455772A (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2903894A1 (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | BLOOD DIALYSIS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD USING STABILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANE CAPSULES |
US4190047A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1980-02-26 | University Of Utah | Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis |
US4204957A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1980-05-27 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Artificial kidney |
US4233434A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1980-11-11 | Ramot Plastics | Polyamide from aromatic phosphorus containing diamine |
US4244816A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1981-01-13 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating |
US4276175A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-06-30 | Bower John D | Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag |
US4311587A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1982-01-19 | Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs | Filter arrangement denying bacteria entry to peritoneum |
US4312755A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-01-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Reverse osmosis system |
US4338190A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1982-07-06 | A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
US4832684A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-05-23 | Popovich Robert P | Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis |
DE19540079A1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-04-30 | Joachim Dr Med Boehler | Dialysis device with haemodialyser |
US6527735B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2003-03-04 | Renaltech International Llc | Method of peritoneal dialysis |
US20040019320A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-29 | Childers Robert W. | Systems and metods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US20040082903A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-04-29 | Micheli Brian R. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US6758975B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2004-07-06 | Piedmont Renal Clinic, Pa | Automated peritoneal dialysis system and process with in-line sterilization of dialysate |
EP1480690A2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-12-01 | National Quality Care, Inc. | Wearable peritoneal dialysis system |
US7153286B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2006-12-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis system |
US20070213665A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Conor Curtin | Wearable kidney |
US20100010429A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2010-01-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US20100051552A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Baxter International Inc. | In-line sensors for dialysis applications |
US20100114012A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-05-06 | Sandford Harold F | Portable Peritoneal Dialysis System |
US20110060273A1 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-10 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis system |
US8206338B2 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2012-06-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Pumping systems for cassette-based dialysis |
US9514283B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2016-12-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing |
US9582645B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-02-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Networked dialysis system |
US9675745B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis systems including therapy prescription entries |
US9675744B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Method of operating a disposable pumping unit |
US10232103B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | Baxter International Inc. | System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
US10646634B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2020-05-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system and disposable set |
US11495334B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2022-11-08 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system and method having a distributed database |
US11516183B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-11-29 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system including information technology infrastructure having secure cluster domain supporting external domain |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3020756A1 (en) * | 1980-05-31 | 1981-12-10 | Salvia Regel- Und Medizintechnik Gmbh, 6231 Schwalbach | Measuring fluid withdrawal rate in dialysis system - by aligning floats recording flow rates before and after membrane |
FR2502959A1 (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-10-08 | Fournier Gilles | Haemodialysis appts. having large volumetric capacity - operates without need for regeneration system |
JPS58165865A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1983-09-30 | 川澄化学工業株式会社 | Body liquid treating apparatus |
EP0097863A3 (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-04-18 | Gambro Lundia AB | Mixing fluids by means of semipermeable membranes |
DE8714464U1 (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1988-01-21 | Sartorius Gmbh, 3400 Goettingen, De |
-
1972
- 1972-09-29 US US00293474A patent/US3825493A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-04-26 DE DE2321188A patent/DE2321188A1/en active Pending
- 1973-04-26 DE DE2321168A patent/DE2321168A1/en active Pending
-
1974
- 1974-01-17 GB GB229874A patent/GB1455772A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-18 FR FR7401730A patent/FR2258189B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4392960A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1983-07-12 | A. T. Ramot Plastics, Ltd. | Process for the removal of urea from aqueous solutions |
US4233434A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1980-11-11 | Ramot Plastics | Polyamide from aromatic phosphorus containing diamine |
US4204957A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1980-05-27 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Artificial kidney |
US4338190A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1982-07-06 | A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
US4190047A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1980-02-26 | University Of Utah | Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis |
DE2903894A1 (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | BLOOD DIALYSIS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD USING STABILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANE CAPSULES |
US4244816A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1981-01-13 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating |
US4312755A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-01-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Reverse osmosis system |
US4276175A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-06-30 | Bower John D | Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag |
US4311587A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1982-01-19 | Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs | Filter arrangement denying bacteria entry to peritoneum |
US4832684A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-05-23 | Popovich Robert P | Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis |
DE19540079A1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-04-30 | Joachim Dr Med Boehler | Dialysis device with haemodialyser |
DE19540079C2 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 2000-06-21 | Joachim Boehler | Dialysis machine |
US6527735B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2003-03-04 | Renaltech International Llc | Method of peritoneal dialysis |
US6758975B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2004-07-06 | Piedmont Renal Clinic, Pa | Automated peritoneal dialysis system and process with in-line sterilization of dialysate |
US10980931B2 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2021-04-20 | Baxter International Inc. | System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
US10232103B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | Baxter International Inc. | System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
EP1480690A2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-12-01 | National Quality Care, Inc. | Wearable peritoneal dialysis system |
EP1480690A4 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2010-09-29 | Nat Quality Care Inc | Wearable peritoneal dialysis system |
US9675744B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Method of operating a disposable pumping unit |
US10137235B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2018-11-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated peritoneal dialysis system using stepper motor |
US9775939B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2017-10-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods having graphical user interface |
US10751457B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2020-08-25 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems with disposable pumping unit |
US9504778B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2016-11-29 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis machine with electrical insulation for variable voltage input |
US8529496B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2013-09-10 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis machine touch screen user interface |
US7789849B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2010-09-07 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis pumping system using stepper motor |
US7153286B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2006-12-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis system |
US7815595B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2010-10-19 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis pumping system |
US8403880B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2013-03-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis machine with variable voltage input control scheme |
US8357113B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2013-01-22 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US7208092B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2007-04-24 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US7922911B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-04-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US11235094B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2022-02-01 | Baxter International Inc. | System for peritoneal dialysis |
US20040019320A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-29 | Childers Robert W. | Systems and metods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US7867214B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-01-11 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US20040082903A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-04-29 | Micheli Brian R. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US8597227B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2013-12-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Weight/sensor-controlled sorbent system for hemodialysis |
US10363352B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2019-07-30 | Baxter International Inc. | Disposable set and system for dialysis |
US7922686B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-04-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US8815095B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2014-08-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods that regenerate dialysate |
US8998839B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2015-04-07 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US10179200B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2019-01-15 | Baxter International Inc. | Disposable cassette and system for dialysis |
US9814820B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2017-11-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Weight-controlled sorbent system for hemodialysis |
US20090264812A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2009-10-22 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US9764074B1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2017-09-19 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing dialysis |
US20100010429A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2010-01-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US8206338B2 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2012-06-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Pumping systems for cassette-based dialysis |
US9675745B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis systems including therapy prescription entries |
US20070213665A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Conor Curtin | Wearable kidney |
US8715221B2 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2014-05-06 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Wearable kidney |
US9690905B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-06-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis treatment prescription system and method |
US9697334B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-07-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having approved therapy prescriptions presented for selection |
US9582645B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-02-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Networked dialysis system |
US9514283B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2016-12-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing |
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US11495334B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2022-11-08 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system and method having a distributed database |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2321168A1 (en) | 1974-11-21 |
GB1455772A (en) | 1976-11-17 |
DE2321188A1 (en) | 1974-04-04 |
FR2258189A1 (en) | 1975-08-18 |
FR2258189B1 (en) | 1980-08-08 |
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