US3812783A - Optically detonated explosive device - Google Patents
Optically detonated explosive device Download PDFInfo
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- US3812783A US3812783A US00277904A US27790472A US3812783A US 3812783 A US3812783 A US 3812783A US 00277904 A US00277904 A US 00277904A US 27790472 A US27790472 A US 27790472A US 3812783 A US3812783 A US 3812783A
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- laser energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/0007—Applications not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
Definitions
- a technique and apparatus for optically detonating in- [21] A l N 277,904 sensitive high explosives, is disclosed.
- An explosive device is formed by containing high explosive material in a housing having a transparent window.
- a thin metallic film is provided on the interior surface of the window and maintained in contact with the high explo- [52] U.S. Cl alone l02/70.2 R, 102/28 EB, 102/70.2 A [51] Int. Cl together
- a laser pulse provided a Q Switched laser is focussed on the window to vaporize the metallic film [56] References cued and thereby create a shock wave which detonates the UNITED STATES PATENTS high explosive.
- a plurality of explosive devices may be 2,975,332 3/1961 Starr 89/3 concurrently or sequentially detonated by employing a 3,741,120 6/1973 cA te 102/70.2
- This invention generally relates to a technique and apparatus for optically detonating high explosives. More particularly; the present invention concerns an optical system for producing instantaneous detonation of primary high explosives as well as certain secondary high explosives.
- high explosives involve a number of different compounds which vary in sensitivity. The more sensitive the explosive, the more readily it may be ignited. Such high explosives are conventionally categorized by sensitivity as either a primary high explosive or as a secondary high explosive. The primary high explosives are more sensitive and are accordingly generally more easily detonated with the exception of non-detonating primary high explosive materials or compositions.
- PETN The well known high explosives PETN, RDX and tetryl are recognized as having a median sensitivity and would be placed at or near a line separating a list of high explosives, in order of sensitivity, into the primary or secondary categories.
- PETN is universally accepted as a primary high explosive.
- RDX is generally considered to be a primary high explosive but is permitted by certain governmental agencies to be used as a secondary high explosive for certain specific applications.
- Tetryl is universallyaccepted as a secondary high explosive.
- the first componentin the explosive train is typically a primary high expolsive which is ignited by the application of heat, friction, impact, or electricity. The resulting reaction serves to lead to a burmto-detonation of the secondary high explosive.
- a primary high explosive makes an explosive device or system extremely vulnerable to inadvertant detonation in that only a nominal amount of energy is required to initiate detonation.
- extreme care must be taken in the fabrication, transport, storage, and use of any explosive device that includes a primary high explosive.
- the significantly reduced sensitivity of secondary high explosives generally precludes inadvertant detonation and thereby presents the obvious advantages over primary high explosives.
- tetryl the most sensitive of the commonly used secondary high explosives, has not heretofore been detonated without the use of a primary high explosive to create the necessary shock.
- the present invention involves a I technique and apparatus for optically producing instantaneous detonation of both primary and secondary high explosives.
- an explosive device in accordance with the present invention includes a housing containing a high explosive.
- the housing is provided with a transparent window panel on the interior surface of which is provided a metallic film.
- Laser energy from a Q-switchedlaser is focussed on the window to produce vaporization of the metallic film.
- the resulting shock wave detonates the high explosive.
- Multiple explosive devices may be detonated concurrently or successively by transmission of the laser pulse through a'fiber optic bundle to each of several individual explosive devices.
- a Q-switched laser is intended to be any laser system that generates a single laser pulse having a time duration of less than one tenth of a microsecond.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the use of a fiber optic bundle to permit detonation of multiple explosive devices with a single source of laser energy.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an explosive device that has been modified to receive focussed laser energy via an optic fiber.
- an explosive device is positioned to receive laser energy from a Q- switched laser system including a laser 12 operated in conjunction with a Q-switch 14.
- a suitable lens or lens system 16 serves to focus the laser energy on the explosive device 10.
- Any conventional pulsed laser system and Q-switch may be used.
- the Korad K-IQ laser system used in conjunction with a KDP Pockel cell has been found to be suitable.
- the explosive device 10 essentially includes a housing or cannister 18 in which is contained a high explosive 20.
- the housing 18 may be any material that is conventionally used to contain explosives. For example, steel, glass, or the like, may be used.
- the cannister 18 is provided with a window including a transparent window panel 22 made of glass or the like.
- the interior surface of the window panel 22 is provided with a metallic film 24.
- the metallic film 24 may be made of any suitable metal which is opaque and which will be readily vaporized by the direct application thereto of pulsed laser energy. For example, it has been found that an aluminum film 24 deposited on the surface of a glass window panel 22 to a thickness of 1,000 Angstroms is readily vaporized when a laser pulse of less than I joule is applied thereto. Vaporization of the metallic film 24 creates a rapidly expanding plasma that is directed away from the window plate 22 and into the high explosive 20. Also found to be suitable for this purpose are carbon and bismuth of appropriate thickness.
- the metallic film should be sufficiently thick to permit total absorption of the laser energy by the film prior to complete vaporization thereof. Also, it has been found that there is no apparent advantage in increasing the thickness of the metallic film 24 beyond a dimension at which the additional mass results in a lower temperature and pressure in the plasma produced by vaporization during the laser absorption period.
- the rapidly expanding plasma resulting from vaporization of the film 24 by the pulse of laser energy that is directed through the window 22, will create a shock wave of sufficient force to produce instantaneous detonation of the high explosive 20.
- instantaneous is intended to mean that sustained detonation of the high explosive 20 occurs within 0.5 microseconds after transmission of a laser pulse from the pulsed laser system.
- the primary high explosive PETN can be detonated with less than one'joule of laser energy.
- the primary high explosive RDX has been found to be detonated using as little as one joule of laser energy.
- Such detonation with low laser energy levels enables a plurality of explosive devices that are fabricated with primary high explosives to be readily simultaneously detonated with the energy from a single present-day portable laser system that is generally characterized by a maximum energy output in the neighborhood of 10 to 15 joules. Laser systems having a larger energy output may obviously be used for the same purpose.
- the present invention has for the first time enabled a secondary high explosiveytetryl, to be instantaneously detonated using 4.0 joules of laser energy.
- a secondary high explosiveytetryl to be instantaneously detonated using 4.0 joules of laser energy.
- Such instantaneous detonation of tetryl is significant in that the present invention thus permits explosive devices 10 to be readily fabricated, transported, stored and used without any inclusion of primary high explosives and without the attendant danger of inadvertant detonation. Since a pulse of laser energy is not known to naturally occur, an explosive device 10 including a secondary high explosive would be virtually fail-safe.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a manner in which laser energy provided by a single laser system may be furnished to a plurality of explosive devices 26.
- An optical fiber bundle 28 is positioned to receive at one end thereof a pulse of laser energy, a portion of which is transmitted to each of the several explosive devices 26 connected to the far end of the respective optical fibers of the bundle 28.
- Variation in the length of the optical fibers of the bundle 28, or the selected insertion of conventional optical delay devices, may be used to have the explosive devices 26 detonated in a prescribed succession.
- optical fibers of precisely the same length may be used to have the explosive devices 26 concurrently detonated.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a manner in which the explosive device 10 shown in FIG. 1 may be modified to accept an optical fiber.
- the walls of the housing 18 in the region fronting the window panel 22 may be extended to accept an optical fiber 30 at a mouth portion 32 thereof.
- a lens 34 may then be interposed between the end of the optical fiber 30 and the window panel 22 to have the laser energy focussed on the metallic film 24.
- the illustrative configuration for the housing 18 is not intended to be indicative of a preferred configuration and that any suitable shape therefor may be used.
- an optical system including, for example, a beam splitter or the like, may be used to concurrently direct laser energy to a plurality of explosive devices. In such a case, air would be the propagating medium instead of fiber optics.
- the present invention provides an explosive device that is adapted to be optically instantaneously detonated and.
- An explosive device adapted to be optically detonated in response to a pulse of laser energy, said explosive device comprising:
- a housing for containing said high explosive material said housing having a window opening exposing the high explosive material contained by said housing; and transparent window panel covering said window opening, said panel having a metallic film covering an interior surface, thereof, said metallic film being maintained in contact with said high explosive material, said metallic film forming initiator means for applying a shock wave to said high explosive material to cause detonation thereof in response to said metallic film being at least partially vaporized by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy to produce said shock wave.
- a primerless explosive device for being instantaneously detonated by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy, said explosive device comprising:
- initiator means for applying a shock wave to said high explosive to cause detonation thereof, said initiator means including a metallic film maintained in contact with said high explosive material, said metallic film being at least partially vaporized by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy to produce said shock wave.
- said explosive device further including a housing for containing said high explosive material at a selected loading pressure, saidhousing having an aperture communicating with the interior of said housing, said aperture being covered by a transparent panel, said metallic film being situated on an interior surface of said transparent panel.
- a method for detonating a high explosive device including a high explosive material and a metallic film situated in contact with said high explosive, said method comprising vaporizing said metallic film to produce a shock wave that is directed into said high explosive, wherein vaporizing includes the step of focussing a pulse of laser energy on said metallic film.
- a method for detonating a high explosive device including a high explosive material and a metallic film situated in contact with said high explosive, said method comprising vaporizing said metallic film to produce a shock wave that is directed into said high explosive, wherein vaporizing includes the steps of:
- a method for detonating a plurality of explosive devices each including a high explosive material and a metallic film in contact with the high explosive material said method including the steps of:
- a system for optically detonating a plurality of explosive devices including:
- lens means associated with each of said optical fibers and positioned at the second ends thereof for focussing the laser energy conducted by said optical fibers on initiators of said explosive devices.
- said explosive devices each including:
- an initiator for applying a shock wave to said high explosive material in response to application of said laser energy said initiator including a metallic film in contact with said explosive'material.
- said explosive device further including a housing for containing said high explosive material, said housing having a transparent window portion, said metallic film covering said transparent window portion of said housing, said lens means focussing said laser energy on said metallic film.
Abstract
A technique and apparatus for optically detonating insensitive high explosives, is disclosed. An explosive device is formed by containing high explosive material in a housing having a transparent window. A thin metallic film is provided on the interior surface of the window and maintained in contact with the high explosive. A laser pulse provided by a Q-switched laser is focussed on the window to vaporize the metallic film and thereby create a shock wave which detonates the high explosive. A plurality of explosive devices may be concurrently or sequentially detonated by employing a fiber optic bundle to transmit the laser pulse to each of the several individual explosive devices.
Description
United States Patent 1 1 1111 3,812,783
Yang et a1. a I 1 1 May 28, 1974 [54] OPTICALLY DETONATED EXPLOSIVE 3,408,937 11/1968 Lewis et 111 102/702 A DEVICE 3,351,016 11/1967 Simpson 102/702 R 3,351,012 11/1967 Wilson 102/22 EB [75] Inventors: Lien'C. Yang, Los Angeles; Vincent Memchelh Glendale both of Primary Examiner-Samuel Feinberg Calif Assistant Examiner-Thomas H. Webb [73] Assignee: The United States of America as Attorney, Agent, or FirmMonte F. Mott; John R.
represented by the Administrator of Manning; Wilfred Grifka the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. [57] ABSTRACT [22] Filed: 1972 A technique and apparatus for optically detonating in- [21] A l N 277,904 sensitive high explosives, is disclosed. An explosive device is formed by containing high explosive material in a housing having a transparent window. A thin metallic film is provided on the interior surface of the window and maintained in contact with the high explo- [52] U.S. Cl..... l02/70.2 R, 102/28 EB, 102/70.2 A [51] Int. Cl...... F42c 13/02, F42d l/04, F42c 19/08 l leld of Search A, Sive A laser pulse provided a Q Switched laser is focussed on the window to vaporize the metallic film [56] References cued and thereby create a shock wave which detonates the UNITED STATES PATENTS high explosive. A plurality of explosive devices may be 2,975,332 3/1961 Starr 89/3 concurrently or sequentially detonated by employing a 3,741,120 6/1973 cA te 102/70.2 A fiber optic bundle to transmit .the laser pulse to each 313621329 V1968 Epstein a 102/70-2 A of the several individual explosive devices. 3,618,526 11/1971 Baker l02/70.2 R
3,143,069 8/1964 Ostrow 102/28 EB 14 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures rmmeum ?8 1914 ..............H......H \\\\\\\w mmmwmm mm @QHE \w vw QM 1 OPTICALLY DETONATED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Origin of the Invention The invention described herein was made in the performance of work under a NASA contract and is subject to the provisions of Section 305 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Stat. 435; 43 U.S.C. 2457).
2. Field of the Invention This invention generally relates to a technique and apparatus for optically detonating high explosives. More particularly; the present invention concerns an optical system for producing instantaneous detonation of primary high explosives as well as certain secondary high explosives.
3. Description of the Prior Art Generally, the field of high explosives involves a number of different compounds which vary in sensitivity. The more sensitive the explosive, the more readily it may be ignited. Such high explosives are conventionally categorized by sensitivity as either a primary high explosive or as a secondary high explosive. The primary high explosives are more sensitive and are accordingly generally more easily detonated with the exception of non-detonating primary high explosive materials or compositions.
The well known high explosives PETN, RDX and tetryl are recognized as having a median sensitivity and would be placed at or near a line separating a list of high explosives, in order of sensitivity, into the primary or secondary categories. Of the three exemplary materials, PETN is universally accepted as a primary high explosive. RDX is generally considered to be a primary high explosive but is permitted by certain governmental agencies to be used as a secondary high explosive for certain specific applications. Tetryl is universallyaccepted as a secondary high explosive.
Immediate detonation of secondary high explosives requires a strong shock input, the threshold magnitude of the shock being dependent upon various parameters such as explosive density, particle size, and confinement. conventionally, detonation of secondary high explosives is achieved by theuse of an explosive train. 7
These explosive trains are generally initiated mechanically such as by firing pins or electrically such as with a hot bridgewire.
The first componentin the explosive train is typically a primary high expolsive which is ignited by the application of heat, friction, impact, or electricity. The resulting reaction serves to lead to a burmto-detonation of the secondary high explosive.
The use of a primary high explosive makes an explosive device or system extremely vulnerable to inadvertant detonation in that only a nominal amount of energy is required to initiate detonation. As a result, extreme care must be taken in the fabrication, transport, storage, and use of any explosive device that includes a primary high explosive. The significantly reduced sensitivity of secondary high explosives generally precludes inadvertant detonation and thereby presents the obvious advantages over primary high explosives. As an example, to the inventors knowledge, tetryl the most sensitive of the commonly used secondary high explosives, has not heretofore been detonated without the use of a primary high explosive to create the necessary shock.
Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of techniques to make safer the use of high explosives. The conventional safe and arming mechanism is the result of such effort.
Techniques for directly detonating secondary high explosives without the use of a primary high explosive have also been investigated, but without success. The most successful technique heretofore has been the use of an exploding bridgewire which is embedded in a high explosive and exploded by theapplication of electrical energy. Both PETN and RDX have been detonated with this technique. However, such detonation has been found to be highly dependent upon a variety of parameters such as loading density, particlesize and shape, purity, bridgewire size and material, and discharge circuitry. Also, this technique requires the use of electrical wires which may be cumbersome for certain applications such as aboard a spaceship.
The detonation of secondary high explosives by strong light sources, such as a laser, has also been investigated. Successful detonation of primary high explosives'such as PETN and RDX has been accomplished by use of a laser pulse; but efforts to detonate tetryl and even less sensitive high explosives have heretofore been OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a technique and apparatus for optically detonating either primary or certain secondary explosives.
It is another object of the present invention to provide means for instantaneously detonating secondary high explosives without the use of primary high explosives.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an explosive device which is adapted to be detonated only by the application of laser energy.
It is a yet further object of the present invention to provide a system including a plurality of explosive devices that may be concurrently or successively detonated by the use of a single source of laser energy.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a technique and apparatus that permits explosive devices to be safely fabricated, transported, stored and used.
Briefly described, the present invention involves a I technique and apparatus for optically producing instantaneous detonation of both primary and secondary high explosives.
More particularly, an explosive device in accordance with the present invention includes a housing containing a high explosive. The housing is provided with a transparent window panel on the interior surface of which is provided a metallic film. Laser energy from a Q-switchedlaser is focussed on the window to produce vaporization of the metallic film. The resulting shock wave detonates the high explosive. Multiple explosive devices may be detonated concurrently or successively by transmission of the laser pulse through a'fiber optic bundle to each of several individual explosive devices.
For purposes of this application, a Q-switched laser is intended to be any laser system that generates a single laser pulse having a time duration of less than one tenth of a microsecond.
Further objects and the many attendant advantages of the invention may be best understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols designate like parts throughout the figures thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the use of a fiber optic bundle to permit detonation of multiple explosive devices with a single source of laser energy.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an explosive device that has been modified to receive focussed laser energy via an optic fiber.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, an explosive device is positioned to receive laser energy from a Q- switched laser system including a laser 12 operated in conjunction with a Q-switch 14. A suitable lens or lens system 16 serves to focus the laser energy on the explosive device 10.
Any conventional pulsed laser system and Q-switch may be used. As an example, the Korad K-IQ laser system used in conjunction with a KDP Pockel cell has been found to be suitable.
The explosive device 10 essentially includes a housing or cannister 18 in which is contained a high explosive 20. The housing 18 may be any material that is conventionally used to contain explosives. For example, steel, glass, or the like, may be used. The cannister 18 is provided with a window including a transparent window panel 22 made of glass or the like. The interior surface of the window panel 22 is provided with a metallic film 24.
The metallic film 24 may be made of any suitable metal which is opaque and which will be readily vaporized by the direct application thereto of pulsed laser energy. For example, it has been found that an aluminum film 24 deposited on the surface of a glass window panel 22 to a thickness of 1,000 Angstroms is readily vaporized when a laser pulse of less than I joule is applied thereto. Vaporization of the metallic film 24 creates a rapidly expanding plasma that is directed away from the window plate 22 and into the high explosive 20. Also found to be suitable for this purpose are carbon and bismuth of appropriate thickness.
Although the optimum metal, and thickness therefor, has not been determined yet, it has been found that the metallic film should be sufficiently thick to permit total absorption of the laser energy by the film prior to complete vaporization thereof. Also, it has been found that there is no apparent advantage in increasing the thickness of the metallic film 24 beyond a dimension at which the additional mass results in a lower temperature and pressure in the plasma produced by vaporization during the laser absorption period.
The rapidly expanding plasma resulting from vaporization of the film 24 by the pulse of laser energy that is directed through the window 22, will create a shock wave of sufficient force to produce instantaneous detonation of the high explosive 20. The term instantaneous is intended to mean that sustained detonation of the high explosive 20 occurs within 0.5 microseconds after transmission of a laser pulse from the pulsed laser system.
Using the subject invention, it has been found that the primary high explosive PETN can be detonated with less than one'joule of laser energy. Similarly, the primary high explosive RDX has been found to be detonated using as little as one joule of laser energy. Such detonation with low laser energy levels enables a plurality of explosive devices that are fabricated with primary high explosives to be readily simultaneously detonated with the energy from a single present-day portable laser system that is generally characterized by a maximum energy output in the neighborhood of 10 to 15 joules. Laser systems having a larger energy output may obviously be used for the same purpose.
Also, of considerable significance is the fact that the present invention has for the first time enabled a secondary high explosiveytetryl, to be instantaneously detonated using 4.0 joules of laser energy. Such instantaneous detonation of tetryl is significant in that the present invention thus permits explosive devices 10 to be readily fabricated, transported, stored and used without any inclusion of primary high explosives and without the attendant danger of inadvertant detonation. Since a pulse of laser energy is not known to naturally occur, an explosive device 10 including a secondary high explosive would be virtually fail-safe.
FIG. 2 illustrates a manner in which laser energy provided by a single laser system may be furnished to a plurality of explosive devices 26. An optical fiber bundle 28 is positioned to receive at one end thereof a pulse of laser energy, a portion of which is transmitted to each of the several explosive devices 26 connected to the far end of the respective optical fibers of the bundle 28. Variation in the length of the optical fibers of the bundle 28, or the selected insertion of conventional optical delay devices, may be used to have the explosive devices 26 detonated in a prescribed succession. Obviously, optical fibers of precisely the same length may be used to have the explosive devices 26 concurrently detonated.
FIG. 3 illustrates a manner in which the explosive device 10 shown in FIG. 1 may be modified to accept an optical fiber. As shown, the walls of the housing 18 in the region fronting the window panel 22 may be extended to accept an optical fiber 30 at a mouth portion 32 thereof. A lens 34 may then be interposed between the end of the optical fiber 30 and the window panel 22 to have the laser energy focussed on the metallic film 24. It is to be understood that the illustrative configuration for the housing 18 is not intended to be indicative of a preferred configuration and that any suitable shape therefor may be used.
It is to be understood that although a system including a fiber optic bundle has been discussed in conjunction with multiple detonations, an optical system including, for example, a beam splitter or the like, may be used to concurrently direct laser energy to a plurality of explosive devices. In such a case, air would be the propagating medium instead of fiber optics.
From the foregoing discussion, it is now clear that the present invention provides an explosive device that is adapted to be optically instantaneously detonated and.
which permits certain secondary high explosives, such as tetryl, to be used without any requirement for a conventional explosive train including a primary high explosive, or the like. It is also clear that explosive devices in accordance with the present invention can be made highly safe by the use of secondary high explosives thereby eliminating the danger of inadvertant detonation.
'While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described hereinabove, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense and that all modifications, constructions, and arrangements which fall within the scope and spirit of the invention may be made.
What is claimed is:
1. An explosive device adapted to be optically detonated in response to a pulse of laser energy, said explosive device comprising:
high explosive material of a single type;
a housing for containing said high explosive material, said housing having a window opening exposing the high explosive material contained by said housing; and transparent window panel covering said window opening, said panel having a metallic film covering an interior surface, thereof, said metallic film being maintained in contact with said high explosive material, said metallic film forming initiator means for applying a shock wave to said high explosive material to cause detonation thereof in response to said metallic film being at least partially vaporized by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy to produce said shock wave.
2. The explosive device defined by claim 1, said high explosive material being a secondary high explosive.
3. The explosive device defined by claim 1, said metallic film being aluminum.
4. A primerless explosive device for being instantaneously detonated by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy, said explosive device comprising:
high explosive material; and
initiator means for applying a shock wave to said high explosive to cause detonation thereof, said initiator means including a metallic film maintained in contact with said high explosive material, said metallic film being at least partially vaporized by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy to produce said shock wave.
5. The explosive device defined by claim 4, said explosive device further including a housing for containing said high explosive material at a selected loading pressure, saidhousing having an aperture communicating with the interior of said housing, said aperture being covered by a transparent panel, said metallic film being situated on an interior surface of said transparent panel.
6. The explosive device defined by claim 4, said metallic film being aluminum.
7. The explosive device defined by claim 4, said high explosive material being a secondary high explosive.
8. The explosive device defined by claim 5, said high explosive material being a single secondary explosive.
9. A method for detonating a high explosive device including a high explosive material and a metallic film situated in contact with said high explosive, said method comprising vaporizing said metallic film to produce a shock wave that is directed into said high explosive, wherein vaporizing includes the step of focussing a pulse of laser energy on said metallic film.
10. A method for detonating a high explosive device including a high explosive material and a metallic film situated in contact with said high explosive, said method comprising vaporizing said metallic film to produce a shock wave that is directed into said high explosive, wherein vaporizing includes the steps of:
generating a pulse of laser energy; and
focussing said pulse of laser energy on said metallic film.
11. A method for detonating a plurality of explosive devices each including a high explosive material and a metallic film in contact with the high explosive material, said method including the steps of:
generating a pulse of laser energy;
conducting a portion of the pulse of laser energy to each of said explosive devices with a bundle of optical fibers; and
focussing said portion of the pulse of laser energy on said metallic film corresponding to each of said explosive devices.
12. A system for optically detonating a plurality of explosive devices, said system including:
a source of pulsed laser energy;
a bundle of optical fibers having a first end thereof bundled and a second end thereof unbundled, said pulse of laser energy being applied to said bundled first ends to be conducted to the second ends of said optical fibers; and
lens means associated with each of said optical fibers and positioned at the second ends thereof for focussing the laser energy conducted by said optical fibers on initiators of said explosive devices.
13. The system defined by claim 12, said explosive devices each including:
a high explosive material; and
an initiator for applying a shock wave to said high explosive material in response to application of said laser energy, said initiator including a metallic film in contact with said explosive'material.
14. The systemdefined by claim 13, said explosive device further including a housing for containing said high explosive material, said housing having a transparent window portion, said metallic film covering said transparent window portion of said housing, said lens means focussing said laser energy on said metallic film. =l
Claims (13)
- 2. The explosive device defined by claim 1, said high explosive material being a secondary high explosive.
- 3. The explosive device defined by claim 1, said metallic film being aluminum.
- 4. A primerless explosive device for being instantaneously detonated by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy, said explosive device comprising: high explosive material; and initiator means for applying a shock wave to said high explosive to cause detonation thereof, said initiator means including a metallic film maintained in contact with said high explosive material, said metallic film being at least partially vaporized by application thereto of a pulse of laser energy to produce said shock wave.
- 5. The explosive device defined by claim 4, said explosive device further including a housing for containing said high explosive material at a selected loading pressure, said housing having an aperture communicating with the interior of said housing, said aperture being covered by a transparent panel, said metallic film being situated on an interior surface of said transparent panel.
- 6. The explosive device defined by claim 4, said metallic film being aluminum.
- 7. The explosive device defined by claim 4, said high explosive material being a secondary high explosive.
- 8. The explosive device defined by claim 5, said high explosive material being a single secondary explosive.
- 9. A method for detonating a high explosive device including a high explosive material and a metallic film situated in contact with said high explosive, said method comprising vaporizing said metallic film to produce a shock wave that is directed into said high explosive, wherein vaporizing includes the step of focussing a pulse of laser energy on said metallic film.
- 10. A method for detonating a high explosive device including a high explosive material and a metallic film situated in contact with said high explosive, said method comprising vaporizing said metallic film to produce a shock wave that is directed into said high explosive, wherein vaporizing includes the steps of: generating a pulse of laser energy; and focussing said pulse of laser energy on said metallic film.
- 11. A method for detonating a plurality of explosive devices each including a high explosive material and a metallic film in contact with the high explosive material, said method including the steps of: generating a pulse of laser energy; conducting a portion of the pulse of laser energy to each of said explosive devices with a bundle of optical fibers; and focussing said portion of the pulse of laser energy on said metallic film corresponding to each of said explosive devices.
- 12. A system for optically detonating a plurality of explosive devices, said system including: a source of pulsed laser energy; a bundle of optical fibers having a first end thereof bundled and a second end thereof unbundled, said pulse of laser energy being applied to said bundled first ends to be conducted to the second ends of said optical fibers; and lens means associated with each of said optical fibers and positioned at the second ends thereof for focussing the laser energy conducted by said optical fibers on initiators of said explosive devices.
- 13. The system defined by claim 12, said explosive devices each including: a high expLosive material; and an initiator for applying a shock wave to said high explosive material in response to application of said laser energy, said initiator including a metallic film in contact with said explosive material.
- 14. The system defined by claim 13, said explosive device further including a housing for containing said high explosive material, said housing having a transparent window portion, said metallic film covering said transparent window portion of said housing, said lens means focussing said laser energy on said metallic film.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US00277904A US3812783A (en) | 1972-08-03 | 1972-08-03 | Optically detonated explosive device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US00277904A US3812783A (en) | 1972-08-03 | 1972-08-03 | Optically detonated explosive device |
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US3812783A true US3812783A (en) | 1974-05-28 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US00277904A Expired - Lifetime US3812783A (en) | 1972-08-03 | 1972-08-03 | Optically detonated explosive device |
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US3911822A (en) * | 1974-05-22 | 1975-10-14 | Us Army | Method of attaching fiber optics bundle to laser squib |
DE2712168A1 (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-09-29 | Banyaszati Kutato Intezet | Detonating system with light source - ensures high accuracy on synchronising several explosions by light induced initiation of contained charge |
US4149466A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1979-04-17 | Banyaszati Kutato Intezet | Explosive device |
US4299170A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1981-11-10 | Comet Gmbh Pyrotechnik Apparatebau | Device for simulating hits on armored vehicles and similar targets |
US4343242A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-08-10 | Gould Inc. | Laser-triggered chemical actuator for high voltage isolation |
US4391195A (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1983-07-05 | Shann Peter C | Detonation of explosive charges and equipment therefor |
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US4870903A (en) * | 1987-05-20 | 1989-10-03 | Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Photopyrotechnical detonation device and photopyrotechnical chain using this device |
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US4917014A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-04-17 | Kms Fusion, Inc. | Laser ignition of explosives |
EP0397572A1 (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-14 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Photopyrotechnic priming device comprising a microlens crimped with a material having shape recollection power and a pyrotechnic line using such device |
US5029528A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-07-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fiber optic mounted laser driven flyer plates |
US5036767A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1991-08-06 | Whittaker Ordnance, Inc. | Optical window for laser-initiated explosive devices |
US5046423A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-09-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Laser-driven flyer plate |
US5099761A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Laser actuated thru-bulkhead initiator |
US5101727A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1992-04-07 | Richard John Johnson | Electro-optical detonator |
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US5148748A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1992-09-22 | Yarrington Arthur G | Optical detonator |
US5179246A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Laser actuated thru-bulkhead initiator for detonable explosive material, pyrotechnic material and remotely located pyrotechnic or propellant material |
US5191167A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-03-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Multi-point fiber optic igniter |
US5206455A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1993-04-27 | Quantic Industries, Inc. | Laser initiated ordnance systems |
US5229542A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-07-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Selectable fragmentation warhead |
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US5301612A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Carbon-assisted flyer plates |
US5404820A (en) * | 1994-06-09 | 1995-04-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | No moving parts safe & arm apparatus and method with monitoring and built-in-test for optical firing of explosive systems |
US5413045A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-05-09 | Miszewski; Antoni | Detonation system |
US5460407A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1995-10-24 | Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh | Restraint system for vehicle occupants having laser ignition for an air bag gas generator |
US5473885A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1995-12-12 | Lockheed Corporation | Pulse detonation engine |
US5542247A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-08-06 | Lockheed Corporation | Apparatus powered using laser supplied energy |
US5546744A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-08-20 | Lockheed Martin | Pulse detonation apparatus with spherical seals |
US5557926A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-09-24 | Lockheed-Martin | Pulse detonation apparatus with inner and outer Spherical valves |
US5573565A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-11-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Method of making an integral window hermetic fiber optic component |
US5579633A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-12-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Annular pulse detonation apparatus and method |
WO1997009581A2 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-13 | Oleg Mikhailovich Denisov | Method and device for carrying out blasting operations |
US5615548A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-04-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Dual rotor pulse detonation apparatus |
US6199483B1 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2001-03-13 | Cardem Demolition S.A. | Optopyrotechnic demolition installation |
US6276276B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2001-08-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Thin-film optical initiator |
US6283036B1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Variable output warhead |
USH2025H1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2002-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Serial output warhead |
US6460459B1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2002-10-08 | Raytheon Company | Method and system utilizing a laser for explosion of an encased high explosive |
US6539868B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2003-04-01 | Institut Franco-Allemand De Recherches De Saint-Louis | Optical igniter with graded index glass rod |
EP1443297A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-04 | Puolustusvoimien Teknillinen Tutkimuslaitos | Laser detonator |
JP2005214619A (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-08-11 | Lucent Technol Inc | Detonator for detonation-controlled shell |
US7069861B1 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2006-07-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Micro-scale firetrain for ultra-miniature electro-mechanical safety and arming device |
US20070110411A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-05-17 | Bergstein David M | Thermal detonator with multiple light sources and reflective enclosure |
JP2009008325A (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-15 | Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd | Disposal method of explosive |
US7819062B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2010-10-26 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Safety and arming device for high-G munitions |
CN102435109A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学技术大学 | Laser initiation flyer type initiating explosive-free detonator |
CN102581479A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-18 | 天津大学 | Method for driving a plurality of flyers by using laser and implementation device |
WO2014180860A1 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-13 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Improved opto-pyrotechnic initiator |
US20150308796A1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-10-29 | Dana Raymond Allen | Method and device for micro blasting with reusable blasting rods and electrically ignited cartridges |
RU2580333C1 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-04-10 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Method for initiation of light-sensitive explosive with light pulse of laser radiation |
US9829289B1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2017-11-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Disposable, miniature internal optical ignition source |
RU2684259C1 (en) * | 2018-06-09 | 2019-04-04 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" (Госкорпорация "Росатом") | Charge initiators method and system |
US20190234717A1 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2019-08-01 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Systems and methods for modifying and enhancing explosives by irradiating a reaction zone |
US11131530B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2021-09-28 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Opto-thermal laser detonator |
RU2816730C1 (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2024-04-03 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство обороны Российской Федерации | Electric pyro cartridge based on diode laser |
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Cited By (77)
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US3911822A (en) * | 1974-05-22 | 1975-10-14 | Us Army | Method of attaching fiber optics bundle to laser squib |
DE2712168A1 (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-09-29 | Banyaszati Kutato Intezet | Detonating system with light source - ensures high accuracy on synchronising several explosions by light induced initiation of contained charge |
US4149466A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1979-04-17 | Banyaszati Kutato Intezet | Explosive device |
US4299170A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1981-11-10 | Comet Gmbh Pyrotechnik Apparatebau | Device for simulating hits on armored vehicles and similar targets |
US4391195A (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1983-07-05 | Shann Peter C | Detonation of explosive charges and equipment therefor |
DE3002579A1 (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1983-11-03 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Optical device for range-controlled detonator - uses comparison of signals from photodetectors receiving laser light via different optical paths |
US4343242A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-08-10 | Gould Inc. | Laser-triggered chemical actuator for high voltage isolation |
US4552742A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1985-11-12 | Kms Fusion, Inc. | Materials processing using chemically driven spherically symmetric implosions |
EP0202357A1 (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1986-11-26 | KMS Fusion, Inc. | Materials processing using chemically driven spherically symmetric implosions |
WO1988007170A1 (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1988-09-22 | Arthur George Yarrington | Optic detonator coupled to a remote optic triggering means |
US4870903A (en) * | 1987-05-20 | 1989-10-03 | Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Photopyrotechnical detonation device and photopyrotechnical chain using this device |
US4892037A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1990-01-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Self consumable initiator |
US4917014A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-04-17 | Kms Fusion, Inc. | Laser ignition of explosives |
EP0394562A2 (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-10-31 | Kms Fusion, Inc. | Laser ignition of explosives |
EP0394562A3 (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1992-01-22 | Kms Fusion, Inc. | Laser ignition of explosives |
EP0397572A1 (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-14 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Photopyrotechnic priming device comprising a microlens crimped with a material having shape recollection power and a pyrotechnic line using such device |
FR2646901A1 (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-16 | Aerospatiale | PHOTOPYROTECHNIC PRIMING DEVICE COMPRISING A MICROLENGTH FITTED BY A MEMORY MEMORY MATERIAL AND A PYROTECHNIC CHAIN USING THE SAME |
US5052300A (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1991-10-01 | Societe Nationale Industrielle Et Aerospatiale | Pyrotechnic priming device having a microlens set by a shape memory material and pyrotechnic chain utilizing said device |
US5101727A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1992-04-07 | Richard John Johnson | Electro-optical detonator |
US5148748A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1992-09-22 | Yarrington Arthur G | Optical detonator |
US5046423A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-09-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Laser-driven flyer plate |
US5029528A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-07-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fiber optic mounted laser driven flyer plates |
US5036767A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1991-08-06 | Whittaker Ordnance, Inc. | Optical window for laser-initiated explosive devices |
FR2669724A1 (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-05-29 | France Etat Armement | Laser detonator operating by sheet (plate) projection effect |
US5099761A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Laser actuated thru-bulkhead initiator |
US5179246A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Laser actuated thru-bulkhead initiator for detonable explosive material, pyrotechnic material and remotely located pyrotechnic or propellant material |
US5206455A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1993-04-27 | Quantic Industries, Inc. | Laser initiated ordnance systems |
US5229542A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-07-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Selectable fragmentation warhead |
GB2267330A (en) * | 1992-05-23 | 1993-12-01 | Secr Defence | Laser ignition of gas generators |
US5191167A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-03-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Multi-point fiber optic igniter |
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US5413045A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-05-09 | Miszewski; Antoni | Detonation system |
US5460407A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1995-10-24 | Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh | Restraint system for vehicle occupants having laser ignition for an air bag gas generator |
US5301612A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Carbon-assisted flyer plates |
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US5573565A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-11-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Method of making an integral window hermetic fiber optic component |
US5546744A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-08-20 | Lockheed Martin | Pulse detonation apparatus with spherical seals |
US5557926A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-09-24 | Lockheed-Martin | Pulse detonation apparatus with inner and outer Spherical valves |
US5473885A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1995-12-12 | Lockheed Corporation | Pulse detonation engine |
US5579633A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-12-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Annular pulse detonation apparatus and method |
US5542247A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-08-06 | Lockheed Corporation | Apparatus powered using laser supplied energy |
US5615548A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-04-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Dual rotor pulse detonation apparatus |
WO1997009581A2 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-13 | Oleg Mikhailovich Denisov | Method and device for carrying out blasting operations |
WO1997009581A3 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-07-17 | Oleg Mikhailovich Denisov | Method and device for carrying out blasting operations |
US6199483B1 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2001-03-13 | Cardem Demolition S.A. | Optopyrotechnic demolition installation |
US6539868B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2003-04-01 | Institut Franco-Allemand De Recherches De Saint-Louis | Optical igniter with graded index glass rod |
US6276276B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2001-08-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Thin-film optical initiator |
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US6283036B1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Variable output warhead |
US6460459B1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2002-10-08 | Raytheon Company | Method and system utilizing a laser for explosion of an encased high explosive |
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US7069861B1 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2006-07-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Micro-scale firetrain for ultra-miniature electro-mechanical safety and arming device |
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US20050183605A1 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-08-25 | Bishop David J. | Fuse for projected ordnance |
US7216589B2 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2007-05-15 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Fuse for projected ordnance |
US20070110411A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-05-17 | Bergstein David M | Thermal detonator with multiple light sources and reflective enclosure |
US7474842B2 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2009-01-06 | Bergstein David M | Thermal detonator with multiple light sources and reflective enclosure |
JP2009008325A (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-15 | Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd | Disposal method of explosive |
US7819062B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2010-10-26 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Safety and arming device for high-G munitions |
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US11131530B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2021-09-28 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Opto-thermal laser detonator |
US11629939B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2023-04-18 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Opto-thermal laser detonator |
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