US3786795A - Cylinder head - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3786795A
US3786795A US00306420A US3786795DA US3786795A US 3786795 A US3786795 A US 3786795A US 00306420 A US00306420 A US 00306420A US 3786795D A US3786795D A US 3786795DA US 3786795 A US3786795 A US 3786795A
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cylinder head
refractory
engine
exhaust port
casting
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US00306420A
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Y Okada
Y Kaneko
Y Komatsu
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F05C2201/046—Stainless steel or inox, e.g. 18-8

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved cylinder head for an internal combustion engine.
  • Japanese Utility Model Publication No. SHO 46-25927 discloses an engine emission gas purifier and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. SHO 46-31290 shows a particular exhaust manifold.
  • the former represents an engine emission gas purifier using a tubular sleeve made of a heat-resistant and relatively less heat-conductive material than the engine case.
  • the purifier is equipped with a heat-insulation air chamber at the back of the sleeve.
  • This device comprising a tubular sleeve within a purifier of prefabricated profile, cannot be applied to any complex part, and accordingly, high efficiency of purification is impossible.
  • the sleeve must be fabricated of expensive material, such as stainless steel or nickel alloy with a considerable thickness. If it is made of ceramic material, it will be subject to breakage under mechanical vibration. Furthermore, regardless of the material from which. it is made, considerable engineering is required to assure sealing of the air chamber.
  • the latter example represents an exhaust manifold provided with a ceramic lining. It is produced by preliminarily fabricating a manifold shell, providing the shell with a lining of compounded ceramic powder, and firing the entire assembly to consolidate the shell and lining. In the process of firing, however, the ceramic material contracts and often causes cracks to develop thereby resulting in an inferior product.
  • This device is equally unfit for any complex part because it represents a prefabricated structure lined with heat-insulating material.
  • the present invention comprises an improved cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port is constructed in a double structure.
  • the double structure may be a prefabricated refractory part placed in a casting mold and then enveloped in molten metal.
  • FIGURE shows a longitudinal section of the exhaust port of a cylinder head fabricated according to the present invention.
  • reference character 1 identifies a combustion chamber surrounded by a water-cooled jacket 2.
  • An exhaust valve 3 is provided, and this valve cooperates with a valve seat 4.
  • a guide 5 is provided for the stem of the exhaust valve 3.
  • An exhaust port 6 comprises an aluminum casting 7 and a refractory part 8.
  • Auto emission gases include harmful components such as unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These harmful emissions are one source of air pollution.
  • the present invention is directed to reducing these harmful auto emission gases, and it accomplishes its objective through partial modification of the structure of the emission exhaust system of the engine.
  • the exhaust port of the cylinder head is lined with a refractory material thereby making the exhaust port a double structure.
  • This construction contributes to reduction of the discharge of harmful auto emission gases, as explained more fully below.
  • the inner wall of the exhaust port is coated with a refractory material having a very low heat conductivity so that the emission gases remain hot, and as the result, the unburnt substances are oxidized;
  • the refractory part since the refractory part has a large thermal capacity, the temperature drop in the inner wall of the exhaust port is minimized even if the emission gases are cooled by a change in operating conditions, and in consequence, the oxidization reaction is maintained;
  • the refractory lining contains pores, and when the hot emission gases pass through these pores, a hot spot occurs at the pores and the oxidization reaction takes place.
  • the refractory materials available for the present invention include molten silica, high alumina, and
  • the drawing shows a section of the exhaust system in a cylinder head equipped with a refractory part according to the present invention.
  • a refractory part 8 about 45 mm thick is provided on the inside of the exhaust port 6.
  • This refractory part is composed of SiO and A1 0,, at a 1:1 ratio. Its porosity is about 20 percent, its compressive strength 600 kglcm its specific heat 0.25 cal/g, and its heat conductivity is A cylinder head with such a refractory wall can be produced by placing a prefabricated refractory part in a cylinder casting mold, and then enveloping the refractory part in a molten metal for casting.
  • the emission gases burned in the combustion chamber 1 are discharged through an opening between the exhaust valve 3 and the valve seat 4.
  • the emission gases introduced into the exhaust port are partly oxidized and burned while passing through the port whereby the volume of harmful unburnt emission gases is drastically reduced.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Utilizing the same procedure as in Example 1, a cylinder head was constructed for a 1,900 cc four-cycle gasoline engine. The exhaust port in the cylinder head was lined with a refractory wall 50 mm thick. The wall was fabricated of a high alumina substance with Al O over 98 percent characterized by a porosity of 1.8 percent, compressive strength 550 kg/cm specific heat 0.24 cal/g, and heat conductivity 0.60 Kcal/m.hr. C. The cylinder head was made of gray cast iron. Comparison with the conventional cylinder head under the same conditions as in Example 1 showed that the emission gases are reduced to about 40 percent.
  • test condition was that the test should be conducted during 50 hours setting 6,000 r.p.m. full loaded l minutes after minutes idling as one cycle.
  • the device with the stainless pipe fitted to the inner wall of the exhaust duct has the disadvantage of low efpipe fitted to inner wall pipe was damaged.
  • one advantage of the present invention is that the porous portion of the refractory product produces a hot spot so that the oxidization reaction may occur.
  • the device with ceramic material lined on the inner wall of the exhaust duct has the disadvantage of poor durability and remarkable lowering of exhaust gas purification after long use.
  • the improved cylinder head of the present invention is characterized by improving the durability by enveloping the refractory product itself with the engine casting without lowering the purification performance.
  • the structure according to the present invention is equally advantageous with any internal combustion engine, for example, a rotary engine.
  • any internal combustion engine for example, a rotary engine.
  • the improvement comprising a cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port of the head includes a prefabricated refractory insert in intimate engagement with the metal cylinder casting and around which the metal cylinder is cast whereby the refractory insert is under the compression of the surrounding metal.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an improvement in the internal combustion engine, particularly, internal combustion engines for automobiles. More specifically it relates to an improved cylinder head characterized by having the total area of the internal wall of the exhaust port constructed in two-piece fashion, one piece or part being a refractory part solidly enveloped with the other part which is the engine casting. The refractory part is shrinkfitted in the molten metal of the casting so that it can fully withstand repeated cycles of heating and cooling as well as mechanical vibrations.

Description

United States Patent [191 Kaneko et al.
[ Jan. 22, 1974 CYLINDER HEAD Inventors:
Assignee:
Filed:
Appl. No.:
Yasuhisa Kaneko; Yasuhiko Komatsu; Yasuo Okada, all of Toyota, Japan Toyota .lidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-cho, Toyota-shi, Aichi-ken, Japan Nov. 14, 1972 Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 30, 1971 Japan 46-96428 US. Cl....;. 123/193 11, 123/188 M, 123/191 A Int. Cl. F02b 23/00 Field of Search123/l93 H, 193 CH, 188 M, 191 A,l23/191 R, 193 R References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Kapraun 123/193 H 1,755,578 4/1930 Goldsborough 123/191 A 1,812,870 7/1931 Goldsborough 123/191 A 2,075,388 3/1937 De Cloud 123/191 A 2,154,717 4/1939 123/191 A 3,408,995 11/1968 Johnson 123/191 A FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 665,330 l/l952 Great Britain 123/191 A Primary Examiner-Wendell E. Burns Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Arthur G. Connolly et al.
[57] ABSTRACT 2 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure CYLINDER HEAD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved cylinder head for an internal combustion engine.
Many attempts have been made to develope a device for the perfect combustion of gases to thereby eliminate the emission of unburnt gases. To mention a few typical examples, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. SHO 46-25927 discloses an engine emission gas purifier and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. SHO 46-31290 shows a particular exhaust manifold. The former represents an engine emission gas purifier using a tubular sleeve made of a heat-resistant and relatively less heat-conductive material than the engine case. The purifier is equipped with a heat-insulation air chamber at the back of the sleeve. This device, comprising a tubular sleeve within a purifier of prefabricated profile, cannot be applied to any complex part, and accordingly, high efficiency of purification is impossible. Moreover, for the purpose of increasing the purifying efficiency, the sleeve must be fabricated of expensive material, such as stainless steel or nickel alloy with a considerable thickness. If it is made of ceramic material, it will be subject to breakage under mechanical vibration. Furthermore, regardless of the material from which. it is made, considerable engineering is required to assure sealing of the air chamber.
The latter example represents an exhaust manifold provided with a ceramic lining. It is produced by preliminarily fabricating a manifold shell, providing the shell with a lining of compounded ceramic powder, and firing the entire assembly to consolidate the shell and lining. In the process of firing, however, the ceramic material contracts and often causes cracks to develop thereby resulting in an inferior product. This device is equally unfit for any complex part because it represents a prefabricated structure lined with heat-insulating material.
Thus, perfect elimination of unburnt harmful gases cannot be expected from any of the proposals so far made.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cylinder head for an internal combustion engine that substantially eliminates the harmful emission of unburnt hydrocarbons.
The present invention comprises an improved cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port is constructed in a double structure. The double structure may be a prefabricated refractory part placed in a casting mold and then enveloped in molten metal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The sole FIGURE shows a longitudinal section of the exhaust port of a cylinder head fabricated according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring in more particularity to the FIGURE, reference character 1 identifies a combustion chamber surrounded by a water-cooled jacket 2. An exhaust valve 3 is provided, and this valve cooperates with a valve seat 4. A guide 5 is provided for the stem of the exhaust valve 3. An exhaust port 6 comprises an aluminum casting 7 and a refractory part 8.
Auto emission gases include harmful components such as unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These harmful emissions are one source of air pollution. The present invention is directed to reducing these harmful auto emission gases, and it accomplishes its objective through partial modification of the structure of the emission exhaust system of the engine.
For this purpose, according to the present invention the exhaust port of the cylinder head is lined with a refractory material thereby making the exhaust port a double structure. This construction contributes to reduction of the discharge of harmful auto emission gases, as explained more fully below.
The objective of reducing the discharge of harmful auto emission gases from the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is attained according to the present invention for the following reasons:
1. the inner wall of the exhaust port is coated with a refractory material having a very low heat conductivity so that the emission gases remain hot, and as the result, the unburnt substances are oxidized;
2. since the refractory part has a large thermal capacity, the temperature drop in the inner wall of the exhaust port is minimized even if the emission gases are cooled by a change in operating conditions, and in consequence, the oxidization reaction is maintained; and
3. the refractory lining contains pores, and when the hot emission gases pass through these pores, a hot spot occurs at the pores and the oxidization reaction takes place.
The refractory materials available for the present invention include molten silica, high alumina, and
As explained above, the drawing shows a section of the exhaust system in a cylinder head equipped with a refractory part according to the present invention. A refractory part 8 about 45 mm thick is provided on the inside of the exhaust port 6. This refractory part is composed of SiO and A1 0,, at a 1:1 ratio. Its porosity is about 20 percent, its compressive strength 600 kglcm its specific heat 0.25 cal/g, and its heat conductivity is A cylinder head with such a refractory wall can be produced by placing a prefabricated refractory part in a cylinder casting mold, and then enveloping the refractory part in a molten metal for casting.
Next, the practical use of the cylinder head thus manufactured is described. The emission gases burned in the combustion chamber 1 are discharged through an opening between the exhaust valve 3 and the valve seat 4. in the conventional cylinder head, the emission gases, as they are, go out of the combustion chamber, and when the combustion in the chamber is incomplete, the unburnt gases pollute the air causing a public nuisance. When the device according to the present invention is adopted, the emission gases introduced into the exhaust port are partly oxidized and burned while passing through the port whereby the volume of harmful unburnt emission gases is drastically reduced. For instance, in the case of a 1,600 cc four-cycle gasoline engine equipped with the present cylinder head, in a test under the same conditions including acceleration and deceleration, approximately 50 percent of the unburnt harmful emission gases from a similar engine equipped with a conventional cylinder head are eliminated.
EXAMPLE 2 Utilizing the same procedure as in Example 1, a cylinder head was constructed for a 1,900 cc four-cycle gasoline engine. The exhaust port in the cylinder head was lined with a refractory wall 50 mm thick. The wall was fabricated of a high alumina substance with Al O over 98 percent characterized by a porosity of 1.8 percent, compressive strength 550 kg/cm specific heat 0.24 cal/g, and heat conductivity 0.60 Kcal/m.hr. C. The cylinder head was made of gray cast iron. Comparison with the conventional cylinder head under the same conditions as in Example 1 showed that the emission gases are reduced to about 40 percent.
The results of performance comparison test 3 of durability and purification between the improved cylinder head ofthe present invention and an exhaust duct heatinsulated by various conventional methods are shown in Table 2.
The tests were conducted using the engine of Example l with (l) the cylinder head of the present invention, (2) fitting a stainless pipe to the inner wall of the exhaust duct of the said engine, and (3) lining a ceramic material on the inner wall of the exhaust duct of the engine. The test condition was that the test should be conducted during 50 hours setting 6,000 r.p.m. full loaded l minutes after minutes idling as one cycle.
The device with the stainless pipe fitted to the inner wall of the exhaust duct has the disadvantage of low efpipe fitted to inner wall pipe was damaged.
oi'exhaust duct.
Device with a ceramic Over 2/1 portion of 45 15 material lined on the ceramic material was inner wall of exhaust damaged.
duet.
fect in purification performance. On the other hand, one advantage of the present invention is that the porous portion of the refractory product produces a hot spot so that the oxidization reaction may occur.
The device with ceramic material lined on the inner wall of the exhaust duct has the disadvantage of poor durability and remarkable lowering of exhaust gas purification after long use. On the other hand, the improved cylinder head of the present invention is characterized by improving the durability by enveloping the refractory product itself with the engine casting without lowering the purification performance.
The structure according to the present invention is equally advantageous with any internal combustion engine, for example, a rotary engine. Through adoption of the present invention, that is, by simply installing a double-structure exhaust port with a refractory wall, the harmful emission gases are drastically reduced, and this benefit can be obtained at low cost with no need for any special apparatus.
What is claimed is:
l. in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising a cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port of the head includes a prefabricated refractory insert in intimate engagement with the metal cylinder casting and around which the metal cylinder is cast whereby the refractory insert is under the compression of the surrounding metal.
2. The combination of claim 1 in which the refractory preform is fabricated from molten silica, high alumina or alumina-silica.

Claims (2)

1. In a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising a cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port of the head includes a prefabricated refractory insert in intimate engagement with the metal cylinder casting and around which the metal cylinder is cast whereby the refractory insert is under the compression of the surrounding metal.
2. The combination of claim 1 in which the refractory preform is fabricated from molten silica, high alumina or alumina-silica.
US00306420A 1971-11-30 1972-11-14 Cylinder head Expired - Lifetime US3786795A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919755A (en) * 1973-03-06 1975-11-18 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Method of making a high-strength heat-insulating casting
US3949552A (en) * 1973-07-09 1976-04-13 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat insulating castings
US3987143A (en) * 1975-06-05 1976-10-19 Chrysler Corporation Method of decreasing heat loss from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
DE2655154A1 (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-06-08 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Cylinder head for air-cooled air-compressing piston IC engine - with integrally cast inlet pipes coated with heat insulating material e.g. polyurethane
US4120154A (en) * 1975-04-22 1978-10-17 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Internal combustion engine
FR2408557A1 (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-08 Rosenthal Technik Ag REFRACTORY ARTICLE AND METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE BODY IN ALUMINUM SILICATE TITANATE
US4254621A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-03-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Heat-insulating layer to prevent temperature drop of combustion gas in internal combustion engine
DE3337364A1 (en) * 1982-10-22 1984-04-26 Usui Kokusai Sangyo K.K., Shizuoka COMPOSITE COMPONENT MADE OF METAL AND CERAMIC AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US4873952A (en) * 1987-03-02 1989-10-17 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using porous ceramics insert
US4899707A (en) * 1987-02-23 1990-02-13 Ngk Spark Plug Company, Limited Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using ceramics insert
US5137789A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-08-11 Caterpillar Inc. Composite ceramic and metal article
US5239956A (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-08-31 Detroit Diesel Corporation Internal combustion engine cylinder heads and similar articles of manufacture and methods of manufacturing same
US8672018B2 (en) * 2012-08-20 2014-03-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder head and method
US20160348609A1 (en) * 2014-01-20 2016-12-01 Nemak, S.A.B. De C.V. Cast Part and Insert for Such a Cast Part
US20170058823A1 (en) * 2015-08-24 2017-03-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder head with blended inlet valve seat for high tumble inlet port
US11486293B2 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-11-01 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust structure of internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS561946Y2 (en) * 1976-03-31 1981-01-17
JPS52147812U (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-11-09
DE102010030499A1 (en) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-29 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Cylinder head and thus equipped internal combustion engine

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US1559439A (en) * 1925-01-16 1925-10-27 Edward W Kapraun Internal-combustion engine
US1755578A (en) * 1926-02-15 1930-04-22 Doherty Res Co Reciprocating engine
US1812870A (en) * 1928-04-14 1931-07-07 Doherty Res Co Valve to control high temperature high pressure fluids
US2075388A (en) * 1934-01-25 1937-03-30 Cloud Joseph Poissant De Heat insulating metal body
US2154717A (en) * 1936-06-22 1939-04-18 Campbell Wyant & Cannon Co Cylinder head
GB665330A (en) * 1949-08-16 1952-01-23 Alliance Europ Improvements in or relating to the combustion chambers and pistons of internal combustion engines
US3408995A (en) * 1967-05-22 1968-11-05 Thomas A. Johnson Combustion chamber design and material for internal combustion cylinders and engines

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559439A (en) * 1925-01-16 1925-10-27 Edward W Kapraun Internal-combustion engine
US1755578A (en) * 1926-02-15 1930-04-22 Doherty Res Co Reciprocating engine
US1812870A (en) * 1928-04-14 1931-07-07 Doherty Res Co Valve to control high temperature high pressure fluids
US2075388A (en) * 1934-01-25 1937-03-30 Cloud Joseph Poissant De Heat insulating metal body
US2154717A (en) * 1936-06-22 1939-04-18 Campbell Wyant & Cannon Co Cylinder head
GB665330A (en) * 1949-08-16 1952-01-23 Alliance Europ Improvements in or relating to the combustion chambers and pistons of internal combustion engines
US3408995A (en) * 1967-05-22 1968-11-05 Thomas A. Johnson Combustion chamber design and material for internal combustion cylinders and engines

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919755A (en) * 1973-03-06 1975-11-18 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Method of making a high-strength heat-insulating casting
US3949552A (en) * 1973-07-09 1976-04-13 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat insulating castings
US4120154A (en) * 1975-04-22 1978-10-17 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Internal combustion engine
US3987143A (en) * 1975-06-05 1976-10-19 Chrysler Corporation Method of decreasing heat loss from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
DE2655154A1 (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-06-08 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Cylinder head for air-cooled air-compressing piston IC engine - with integrally cast inlet pipes coated with heat insulating material e.g. polyurethane
FR2408557A1 (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-08 Rosenthal Technik Ag REFRACTORY ARTICLE AND METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE BODY IN ALUMINUM SILICATE TITANATE
US4254621A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-03-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Heat-insulating layer to prevent temperature drop of combustion gas in internal combustion engine
US4523554A (en) * 1982-10-22 1985-06-18 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal and ceramic assembly
DE3337364A1 (en) * 1982-10-22 1984-04-26 Usui Kokusai Sangyo K.K., Shizuoka COMPOSITE COMPONENT MADE OF METAL AND CERAMIC AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US4899707A (en) * 1987-02-23 1990-02-13 Ngk Spark Plug Company, Limited Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using ceramics insert
US4873952A (en) * 1987-03-02 1989-10-17 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using porous ceramics insert
US5137789A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-08-11 Caterpillar Inc. Composite ceramic and metal article
US5239956A (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-08-31 Detroit Diesel Corporation Internal combustion engine cylinder heads and similar articles of manufacture and methods of manufacturing same
US5354608A (en) * 1991-06-07 1994-10-11 Detroit Diesel Corporation Internal combustion engine cylinder heads and similar articles of manufacture and methods of manufacturing same
US5705266A (en) * 1991-06-07 1998-01-06 Detroit Diesel Corporation Core material for the casting of articles and related process
US8672018B2 (en) * 2012-08-20 2014-03-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder head and method
US20160348609A1 (en) * 2014-01-20 2016-12-01 Nemak, S.A.B. De C.V. Cast Part and Insert for Such a Cast Part
US20170058823A1 (en) * 2015-08-24 2017-03-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder head with blended inlet valve seat for high tumble inlet port
US11486293B2 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-11-01 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust structure of internal combustion engine

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CA964148A (en) 1975-03-11
JPS4861817A (en) 1973-08-29

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