US3774703A - Razor blades and methods of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Razor blades and methods of manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3774703A
US3774703A US3774703DA US3774703A US 3774703 A US3774703 A US 3774703A US 3774703D A US3774703D A US 3774703DA US 3774703 A US3774703 A US 3774703A
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Prior art keywords
coating
razor blade
blade according
cutting edge
angstroms
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M Sanderson
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Wilkinson Sword Ltd
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Wilkinson Sword Ltd
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • B26B21/60—Razor-blades characterised by the material by the coating material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/932—Abrasive or cutting feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
    • Y10T428/12549—Adjacent to each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12583—Component contains compound of adjacent metal
    • Y10T428/1259—Oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12778—Alternative base metals from diverse categories
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

  • the invention also provides the method of manufacturing a razor blade wherein at least a cutting edge is coated with a metal, metallic compound or an alloy containing a metal or metallic compound, and the initial coating is thereafter provided with a coating of a different metal, metallic compound or alloy containing a metal or metallic compound or with a silicon compound.
  • Examples of materials which may be used for this initial coating are chromium, platinum and other noble metals including iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, rhenium and tungsten, as well as alloys of any of the foregoing.
  • the second coating is then provided with a coating of a polymer which improves the shaving properties of the blade and may, for example, comprise a fluorocarbon polymer, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene.
  • a fluorocarbon polymer for example polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene for example polytetrafluoroethylene
  • molybdenum plated targets with a residual atmosphere of nitrogen at a pressure of, for example, l to 4 X 10" millimetres of mercury, to form a molybdenum nitride coating.
  • the coatings may be produced by chemical vapour deposition or by reactive evaporation.

Abstract

On a razor blade having at least one cutting edge there are provided two different superposed coatings, each coating being of a metal, a metallic compound, a silicon compound or an alloy of any of the foregoing. Preferably the upper coating is itself coated with a polymer which improves the shaving properties of the blade, for example polytetrafluoroethylene.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1969 Wilkinson 148/63 Sanderson Nov. 27, 1973 [5 1 RAZOR BLADES AND METHODS OF 3,635,811 1/1972 Lane 30/346.53 X MANUFACTURE THEREOF 3,642,546 2/1972 VanThync et a1. 148/203 X 2,087,051 7/1937 Stargardter 148/166 X -[75] Inventor: Micha D- nd g 3,097,959 7/1963 Zachman 117/48 x England 3,283,117 11/1966 Holmes et al 1l7/105.1 X [73] Assignee: Wilkinson Sword Limited, London, FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS England 1,065,724 4/1967 Great Britain 30/346.54 [22] Filed: Apr. 14, 1971 1,193,067 5/1970 Great Britain.. 30/346.54 6,618,472 3/1967 Netherlands 30/346513 [21] Appl. No.: 134,029
Primary Examiner-Ralph S. Kendall [30] Foreign Application Pnonty Data Attorney-Wolfe, Hubbard, Leydig, Voit & Osann,
Apr. 17, 1970 Great Britain 18,409/70 Ltd [52] US. Cl.. 117/75, 117/69, 117/71 M,
30/334653, 204/192, 29/195, 29/191 [57] ABSTRACT 51 Int. Cl. B261) 21 54 i581 Field 61 Search 117/132 CF l06 A a blade having at least cutting edge here 117 ll 06 C 105.2 48 71 M lag/16 are provided two different superposed coatings, each 6.3 127 20 204/192 1 35 coating being of a metal, a metallic compound, a sili- 1. 30/3465? 29/1966 con compound or an alloy of any of the foregoing. Preferably the upper coating is itself coated with a 6 R polymer which improves the shaving properties'of the [5 eferences Cl ed blade, for example polytetrafluoroethylene.
21 Claims, No Drawings RAZOR BLADES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF This invention relates to razor blades and to methods of manufacture thereof.
it is known to provide a coating of chromium on the cutting edge of a razor blade and to coat the chromium with polytetrafluoroethylene.
According to the present invention there is provided a razor blade having two different superposed coatings each coating being of a metal, a metallic compound, a silicon compound or an alloy of any of the foregoing.
Preferably the lower coating is a metal one and the upper coating is a refractory metallic compound. The surface region of the lower coating may be oxidised.
The invention also provides the method of manufacturing a razor blade wherein at least a cutting edge is coated with a metal, metallic compound or an alloy containing a metal or metallic compound, and the initial coating is thereafter provided with a coating of a different metal, metallic compound or alloy containing a metal or metallic compound or with a silicon compound.
The reasons why the present invention results in an improvement is not fully understood at the present time. However, without limitation of the scope of the invention, the applicants believe that as a general guide to the materials which may be used for the nonpolymer coatings, it is preferable to use for the initial coating a material which will function to strengthen the cutting edge and reduce damage which occurs to the cutting edge during shaving as well as functioning to reduce corrosion. Examples of materials which may be used for this initial coating are chromium, platinum and other noble metals including iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, rhenium and tungsten, as well as alloys of any of the foregoing.
On the same basis as above it is believed that the second coating is preferably chosen for its wear resistant and corrosion protection properties so that it presents a surface which is less susceptible to progressive wear during shaving than is the initial coating. Alternatively or additionally the second coating may be chosen to provide a better substrate for the adhesion of the subsequently applied polymer coating and/or to facilitate crystallisation of the polymer coating upon deposition in a manner which results in an improved polymer coating. Examples of materials which may be used for the second coating are carbides, borides, oxides, nitrides, silicides and fluoridestall being examples of typical socalled refractory materials) either alone or mixed (e.g., carbonitrides) of the following elements where appropriate: chromium, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium, manganese, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhenium and the rare earths.
The specific combination of a lower coating of chromium and an upper coating of chromium nitride is the subject of a co-pending application, Ser. No. 140,186 filed on the same day as the present application.
Preferably, the second coating is then provided with a coating of a polymer which improves the shaving properties of the blade and may, for example, comprise a fluorocarbon polymer, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene.
Thus, in a typical form of the invention the blade is first provided with a chromium coating on the cutting edge, thereafter a molybdenum nitride coating is superposed on the first coating and, finally, a polymer coating is provided on the nitride coating. Another typical second coating would be vanadium nitride.
One method of providing a stainless steel razor blade with a double coating of the form just described is, first, to form a chromium coating by sputtering chromium onto the previously cleaned cutting edges from electroplated targets at a pressure of between I/ l 0 of a micron and 10 microns of mercury in a residual atmosphere of inert gas such as argon or helium using commercially available ion-plasma sputtering apparatus. The chromium coating may, for example, be of a thickness "between 50 and 450 Angstroms but preferably not greater than 200 Angstroms. Thereafter the sputtering process is repeated using molybdenum plated targets with a residual atmosphere of nitrogen at a pressure of, for example, l to 4 X 10" millimetres of mercury, to form a molybdenum nitride coating.
Preferably, the blades are exposed to an oxideforming atmosphere after formation of the initial coating so that the surface region of theinitial coating is oxidised. One way of achieving this is by allowing a controlled air leak into the sputtering apparatus between the two coating stages.
The second coating may have a thickness of, for example, from 50 to 450 Angstroms but preferably not greater than 150 Angstroms and a preferred range for the thickness of the two coatings together is from l00 to 500 Angstroms or even up to 750 Angstroms.
The reaction between molybdenum, or whatever other metal is used, and nitrogen or other gas in the sputtering process may take place on the surface of the target, or as the metallic particles are being sputtered through the ionised plasma or after the metal has'been deposited on the blade surface.
The gas composition can vary widey depending upon the material being sputtered and the sputtering conditions. Thus, for example, the nitrogen or other gas may be diluted with an inert gas, such as argon, from 5 volume percent of the gas in argon to volume percent of the nitrogen or other gas. For nitride formation one may use, for example, a gas with a large nitrogen content such as cracked ammonia and/or air diluted by an inert gas.
The sputtering may be direct current or radio frequency sputtering and in the latter case sputtering may be direct from a nitride or other metallic compound target in'an inert atmosphere.
As an alternative to sputtering the coatings may be produced by chemical vapour deposition or by reactive evaporation.
It will be understood that the terms metallic compound and silicon compound as usedherein embrace not only compounds of a metal or silicon but also a distribution or dispersion of such compounds in a metallic matrix.
' I claim:
1. A razor blade for shaving having at least one cutting edge, a first coating on said cutting edge comprising a material selected from the group consisting of metals, alloys, metal compounds and silicon compounds to strengthen said cutting edge, reduce c'orrosion thereof and reduce damage to said cutting edge during shaving and a second coating different from said first coating and superposed thereon, said second coating comprising a material selected from the group consisting of metals, alloys, metal compounds and silicon compounds to improve the wear resistant and corrosion protection properties to present a surface less susceptible to progressive wear during shaving than said first coating.
2. A razor blade according to claim 1, wherein the surface region of the lower coating is oxidised.
3. A razor blade for shaving having at least one cutting edge, a first coating on said cutting edge comprising an alloy to strengthen said cutting edge, reduce corrosion thereof and reduce damage to said cutting edge during shaving and a second coating different from said first coating and superposed thereon, said second coating comprising a metal compound to improve the wear resistant and corrosion protection properties to present a surface less susceptible to progressive wear during shaving than said first coating.
4. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein the second coating is a refractory metal compound.
5. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein the second coating is a nitride.
6. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein each coating has a thickness of between 50 and 450 Angstroms.
7. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein said first coating has a thickness of between 70 and 200 Angstroms.
8. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein said second coating has a thickness of between 50 and 150 Angstroms.
9. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of a shaving facilitating polymer is provided on said second coating.
10. A razor blade according to claim 3 wherein a coating of a fluorocarbon polymer is provided on said second coating.
11. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene is provided on said second coating.
12. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene is provided on said second coating.
13. A razor blade having at least one cutting edge carrying two different superposed coatings, the lower one of said coatings being of an alloy and the other of said coatings being a refractory silicon compound.
14. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein each coating has a thickness of between 50 and 450 Angstroms.
15. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein said lower coating has a thickness of between 70 and 200 Angstroms.
16. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein said upper coating has a thickness of between 50 and 150 Angstroms.
17; A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a shaving'facilitating polymer is provided on said upper coating.
18. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a fluorocarbon polymer is provided on said upper coating.
19. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene is provided on said upper coating.
20. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene is provided on said upper coating.
21. A razor blade having at least one cutting edge, said cutting edge carrying a first coating selected from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, rhenium, tungsten and alloys of the foregoing, said first coating having superposed thereon a second coating selected from the group consisting of carbides, borides, oxides, nitrides, silicides and fluorides, alone and mixed, of chromium, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium, manganese, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhenium and the rare earths.
* l II

Claims (20)

  1. 2. A razor blade according to claim 1, wherein the surface region of the lower coating is oxidised.
  2. 3. A razor blade for shaving having at least one cutting edge, a first coating on said cutting edge comprising an alloy to strengthen said cutting edge, reduce corrosion thereof and reduce damage to said cutting edge during shaving and a second coating different from said first coating and superposed thereon, said second coating comprising a metal compound to improve the wear resistant and corrosion protection properties to present a surface less susceptible to progressive wear during shaving than said first coating.
  3. 4. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein the second coating is a refractory metal compound.
  4. 5. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein the second coating is a nitride.
  5. 6. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein each coating has a thickness of between 50 and 450 Angstroms.
  6. 7. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein said first coating has a thickness of between 70 and 200 Angstroms.
  7. 8. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein said second coating has a thickness of between 50 and 150 Angstroms.
  8. 9. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of a shaving facilitating polymer is provided on said second coating.
  9. 10. A razor blade according to claim 3 wherein a coating of a fluorocarbon polymer is provided on said second coating.
  10. 11. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene is provided on said second coating.
  11. 12. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene is provided on said second coating.
  12. 13. A razor blade having at least one cutting edge carrying two different superposed coatings, the lower one of said coatings being of an alloy and the other of said coatings being a refractory silicon compound.
  13. 14. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein each coating has a thickness of between 50 and 450 Angstroms.
  14. 15. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein said lower coating has a thickness of between 70 and 200 Angstroms.
  15. 16. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein said upper coating has a thickness of between 50 and 150 Angstroms.
  16. 17. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a shaving facilitating polymer is provided on said upper coating.
  17. 18. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a fluorocarbon polymer is provided on said upper coating.
  18. 19. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene is provided on said upper coating.
  19. 20. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene is provided on said upper coating.
  20. 21. A razor blade having at least one cutting edge, said cutting edge carrying a first coating selected from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, rhenium, tungsten and alloys of the foregoing, said first coating having superposed thereon a second coating selected from the group consisting of carbides, borides, oxides, nitrides, silicides and fluorides, alone and mixed, of chromium, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium, manganese, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhenium and the rare earths.
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Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3890109A (en) * 1972-04-08 1975-06-17 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades having high purity Al{hd 2{b O{HD 3 {B coating
US3894337A (en) * 1972-04-08 1975-07-15 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Alumina razor blades
US3911579A (en) * 1971-05-18 1975-10-14 Warner Lambert Co Cutting instruments and methods of making same
US3912611A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Film material and devices using same
US3916523A (en) * 1969-09-29 1975-11-04 Warner Lambert Co Coated razor blade
US3960608A (en) * 1972-08-05 1976-06-01 Wilkinson Sword Limited Members having a cutting edge
US4102046A (en) * 1976-06-05 1978-07-25 The Gillette Company Cutting edges coated with polyfluorocarbon polymer
US4209017A (en) * 1970-08-13 1980-06-24 Shaw Robert F Surgical instrument having self-regulating radiant heating of its cutting edge and method of using the same
US4608243A (en) * 1983-04-04 1986-08-26 Borg-Warner Corporation High hardness hafnium nitride
US4645715A (en) * 1981-09-23 1987-02-24 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Coating composition and method
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US5295305A (en) * 1992-02-13 1994-03-22 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5301431A (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-04-12 Etm Corporation Hand-held cutting tool
US5549935A (en) * 1991-04-30 1996-08-27 International Business Machines Corporation Adhesion promotion of fluorocarbon films
US5630275A (en) * 1994-08-23 1997-05-20 Warner-Lambert Company Multi-blade razor head with improved performance
US5669144A (en) * 1991-11-15 1997-09-23 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5788870A (en) * 1991-04-30 1998-08-04 International Business Machines Corporation Promotion of the adhesion of fluorocarbon films
US6077572A (en) * 1997-06-18 2000-06-20 Northeastern University Method of coating edges with diamond-like carbon
US20030121158A1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-07-03 The Gillette Company, A Delaware Corporation Razor blade technology
US20040121159A1 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-06-24 Nathan Cloud Microtome blade coating for enhanced performance
US20040172832A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 Colin Clipstone Razor blade
US20050268470A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-08 Skrobis Kenneth J Colored razor blades
US20060124456A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-15 Seiko Epson Corporation Sputtering target, method for producing sputtering target, sputtering apparatus, and liquid-jet head
US20060130612A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Skrobis Kenneth J Colored razor blades
US20060201001A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-09-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Coated cutting member having a nitride hardened substrate
US20060277767A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-14 Shuwei Sun Razor blades
US20070056404A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Pricone Robert M Method and apparatus for and to make hair removal elements
US20080190758A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2008-08-14 Vassilis Papachristos Method of Deposition of a Layer on a Razor Blade Edge and Razor Blade
US20090025512A1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2009-01-29 John Madeira Thin film coating of blades
US20100071217A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 Peterson Michael E Coating for cutting implements
US20130239769A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Andritz Iggesund Tools Inc. Knife for wood processing and methods for plating and surface treating a knife for wood processing
US11155762B2 (en) 2019-09-30 2021-10-26 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Superlubrious high temperature coatings
US11230681B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2022-01-25 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Superlubricating graphene and graphene oxide films
US11440049B2 (en) * 2019-09-30 2022-09-13 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Low friction coatings
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CH652629A5 (en) * 1981-03-02 1985-11-29 Vsesoyuzny Ni Instr I Cutting tool with coatings.
DE3311815C3 (en) * 1983-03-31 1997-12-04 Leybold Ag Method of making discs
DE3318999A1 (en) * 1983-05-25 1984-11-29 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München COATED METAL OBJECT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
GB2140460B (en) * 1983-05-27 1986-06-25 Dowty Electronics Ltd Insulated metal substrates
JPS6126769A (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-02-06 Katsuhiro Okubo Formation of colored hard film
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US4683043A (en) * 1986-01-21 1987-07-28 Battelle Development Corporation Cubic boron nitride preparation
US4769291A (en) * 1987-02-02 1988-09-06 The Boc Group, Inc. Transparent coatings by reactive sputtering
JPH0669681B2 (en) * 1989-03-28 1994-09-07 兼房株式会社 Wood rotary cutting blade
US5232568A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-08-03 The Gillette Company Razor technology
US6258256B1 (en) 1994-01-04 2001-07-10 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Cracking processes
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US6274113B1 (en) 1994-01-04 2001-08-14 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes
US6419986B1 (en) 1997-01-10 2002-07-16 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Ip Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system
WO2006079360A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-08-03 Bic Violex Sa Razor blade, razor head, razor and method of manufacturing a razor blade
US20070124944A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-07 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Razor blade and method of making it
US8505414B2 (en) * 2008-06-23 2013-08-13 Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. Method of manufacturing a blade
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US8769833B2 (en) 2010-09-10 2014-07-08 Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. Utility knife blade
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Cited By (57)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916523A (en) * 1969-09-29 1975-11-04 Warner Lambert Co Coated razor blade
US4209017A (en) * 1970-08-13 1980-06-24 Shaw Robert F Surgical instrument having self-regulating radiant heating of its cutting edge and method of using the same
US3911579A (en) * 1971-05-18 1975-10-14 Warner Lambert Co Cutting instruments and methods of making same
US3894337A (en) * 1972-04-08 1975-07-15 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Alumina razor blades
US3890109A (en) * 1972-04-08 1975-06-17 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades having high purity Al{hd 2{b O{HD 3 {B coating
US3960608A (en) * 1972-08-05 1976-06-01 Wilkinson Sword Limited Members having a cutting edge
US3912611A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Film material and devices using same
US4102046A (en) * 1976-06-05 1978-07-25 The Gillette Company Cutting edges coated with polyfluorocarbon polymer
US4645715A (en) * 1981-09-23 1987-02-24 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Coating composition and method
US4608243A (en) * 1983-04-04 1986-08-26 Borg-Warner Corporation High hardness hafnium nitride
US4717632A (en) * 1983-08-22 1988-01-05 Ovonic Synthetic-Materials Company, Inc. Adhesion and composite wear resistant coating and method
US4919773A (en) * 1984-11-19 1990-04-24 Avco Corporation Method for imparting erosion-resistance to metallic substrates
US4931152A (en) * 1984-11-19 1990-06-05 Avco Corporation Method for imparting erosion-resistance to metallic substrate
US4985313A (en) * 1985-01-14 1991-01-15 Raychem Limited Wire and cable
US4936959A (en) * 1987-12-16 1990-06-26 Ford Motor Company Method of making cutting tool for aluminum work pieces having enhanced crater wear resistance
EP0351093A3 (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-07-11 Warner-Lambert Company Shaving razor
EP0351093A2 (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-17 Warner-Lambert Company Shaving razor
US5098540A (en) * 1990-02-12 1992-03-24 General Electric Company Method for depositing chromium coatings for titanium oxidation protection
WO1992017323A1 (en) * 1991-04-05 1992-10-15 Warner-Lambert Company Coated cutting tool
US5549935A (en) * 1991-04-30 1996-08-27 International Business Machines Corporation Adhesion promotion of fluorocarbon films
US5788870A (en) * 1991-04-30 1998-08-04 International Business Machines Corporation Promotion of the adhesion of fluorocarbon films
US5669144A (en) * 1991-11-15 1997-09-23 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5295305A (en) * 1992-02-13 1994-03-22 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5301431A (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-04-12 Etm Corporation Hand-held cutting tool
US5630275A (en) * 1994-08-23 1997-05-20 Warner-Lambert Company Multi-blade razor head with improved performance
US6077572A (en) * 1997-06-18 2000-06-20 Northeastern University Method of coating edges with diamond-like carbon
US20030121158A1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-07-03 The Gillette Company, A Delaware Corporation Razor blade technology
US6684513B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2004-02-03 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US6866894B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2005-03-15 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US20040121159A1 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-06-24 Nathan Cloud Microtome blade coating for enhanced performance
US20040172832A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 Colin Clipstone Razor blade
US20060265885A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2006-11-30 The Gillette Company, A Delaware Corporation Razor blade
US20060201001A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-09-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Coated cutting member having a nitride hardened substrate
US7673541B2 (en) * 2004-06-03 2010-03-09 The Gillette Company Colored razor blades
US20050268470A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-08 Skrobis Kenneth J Colored razor blades
US20060242844A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2006-11-02 The Gillette Company Colored razor blades
US9180599B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2015-11-10 Bic-Violex S.A. Method of deposition of a layer on a razor blade edge and razor blade
US20080190758A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2008-08-14 Vassilis Papachristos Method of Deposition of a Layer on a Razor Blade Edge and Razor Blade
US20060124456A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-15 Seiko Epson Corporation Sputtering target, method for producing sputtering target, sputtering apparatus, and liquid-jet head
US7284461B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2007-10-23 The Gillette Company Colored razor blades
US20060130612A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Skrobis Kenneth J Colored razor blades
CN101090808B (en) * 2004-12-16 2010-09-01 吉莱特公司 Colored razor blades
AU2005316761B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2010-09-09 The Gillette Company Colored razor blades
US20060277767A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-14 Shuwei Sun Razor blades
US20070056404A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Pricone Robert M Method and apparatus for and to make hair removal elements
US20090025512A1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2009-01-29 John Madeira Thin film coating of blades
US20110209988A1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2011-09-01 John Madeira Thin film coating of blades
US7966909B2 (en) 2007-07-25 2011-06-28 The Gillette Company Process of forming a razor blade
WO2010033799A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 Acme United Corporation Coatings for cutting implements
US20100071217A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 Peterson Michael E Coating for cutting implements
US9719173B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2017-08-01 Acme United Corporation Coating for cutting implements
US20130239769A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Andritz Iggesund Tools Inc. Knife for wood processing and methods for plating and surface treating a knife for wood processing
US9068260B2 (en) * 2012-03-14 2015-06-30 Andritz Iggesund Tools Inc. Knife for wood processing and methods for plating and surface treating a knife for wood processing
US11230681B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2022-01-25 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Superlubricating graphene and graphene oxide films
US11441097B2 (en) 2017-02-09 2022-09-13 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Low friction wear resistant graphene films
US11155762B2 (en) 2019-09-30 2021-10-26 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Superlubrious high temperature coatings
US11440049B2 (en) * 2019-09-30 2022-09-13 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Low friction coatings

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DE2118212A1 (en) 1971-10-28
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NO135203C (en) 1977-03-02
NO135203B (en) 1976-11-22
DE2118211B2 (en) 1980-07-31
GB1342071A (en) 1973-12-25
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AT320472B (en) 1975-02-10
ZA712333B (en) 1972-01-26
CA927224A (en) 1973-05-29
US3743551A (en) 1973-07-03
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CH532987A (en) 1973-01-31
IE36006L (en) 1971-10-17
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RO61556A (en) 1976-12-15
TR17249A (en) 1976-08-03
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FR2089640A5 (en) 1972-01-07
IL36603A (en) 1974-03-14
ES196198Y (en) 1982-06-01
DE2118211A1 (en) 1971-10-28
IL36603A0 (en) 1971-06-23
LU63002A1 (en) 1971-08-26
ES196198U (en) 1980-03-16
IE36006B1 (en) 1976-07-21

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