US3773468A - Centrifugable extraction and hohogenization vessel - Google Patents

Centrifugable extraction and hohogenization vessel Download PDF

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US3773468A
US3773468A US00240373A US3773468DA US3773468A US 3773468 A US3773468 A US 3773468A US 00240373 A US00240373 A US 00240373A US 3773468D A US3773468D A US 3773468DA US 3773468 A US3773468 A US 3773468A
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tube
pestle
cap
head
inches
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US00240373A
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R Hubbard
W Matthew
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5021—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/08—Pestle and mortar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A glass tube closed at one end and open at the other, said open end being threaded, said tube being adapted, on the one hand, to receive a pestle slidingly within it, the interior surface of the tube and the exterior surface of the pestle being roughened so as to effect grinding of the material within the tube and, on the other hand, to receive a cap for closing the tube for shaking its content together with a solvent and for sealing the contents within the tube during centrifugation.
  • the apparatus comprises a hollow tubeclosed at one end and open at the other, said tube having a uniform interior cross-section throughout the major portion of its length from end to end, the surface of which is'roughened, said tube being designed alternately to receive a pestle provided with a grinding head having a cross-section corresponding to that of the interior of the tube adapted to be slidably moved in the tube by means of a handle attached thereto to effect grinding of the material contained in the tube and to receive a cap for sealing the open top for agitation of the ground material in a solvent and/or sealing the tube during the subsequent centrifugation.
  • the tube and pestle are comprised of glass, the interior surface of the tube and the exterior surface of the pestle being roughened and being slidably fitted with a clearance in the order of 0.004 inches.
  • the tube has a wall thickness in the order of 0.094 inches, its open end is threaded and the cap is comprised of plastic containing threads by means of which it is threaded onto the open end of the tube.
  • the top of the cap at the inside is fitted with a Teflon disc.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a centrifuge for receiving a capped tube for 'centrifugation
  • FIG. 2 is a diametrical section of one component of the sampling apparatus comprising a hollow tube closed at one end and open at the other;
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation of another component of the sampling apparatus comprising a pestle adapted to be slidably engaged within the tube;
  • FIG. 4 is a diametrical section of a modified form of the tube shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is an elevation of a pestle adapted to be used with the tube shown in FIG.'4;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged diametrical section of another component of the sampling apparatus comprising a cap adapted to be mounted to the open end of the tube;
  • FIG. 7 is a section of a sealing disc.
  • the sampling apparatus comprisesessentially three components, to wit, a tube 10, a pestle 1'2 and'a cap 14.
  • the tube 10 has a closed end 16 and an open end 18.
  • the interior of the tube is of uniform cross-section
  • the pestle 12 has a grinding head 26, the axial length of which is approximately 1.25 inches, the crosssection of which corresponds to that of the interior cross-section of the tube and which has an outside diameter of approximately 0.508 inches.
  • the head is provided with a handle 28 which measures from one end of the head to its distal end approximately 7 inches.
  • the pestle is adapted to be slidably interengaged with the interior of the tube and to be manipulated therein by means of a handle 28 to grind material placed in the tube and to this end the entire interior surface of the tube is etched or mechanically roughened and the exterior surface of the head of the pestle is correspondingly etched or roughened.
  • a plastic cap 14 is provided for sealing the content of the tube within the tube during shaking with a solvent and for the centrifugation.
  • the cap 14 contains threads 32 by means of which it is threaded to the open end of the tube and has within it at the top a Teflon disc 34 which forms a seal between the cap and the open end of the tube.
  • the Teflon disc is approximately 0.079 inches thick.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an alternative form of the apparatus wherein the closed end of the tube is conical and the end of the head of the pestle is correspondingly shaped.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a centrifuge comprising a rotor 36 rotatable about a vertical axis X-X, the rotor containing pockets 38 for receiving capped tubes. Desirably to protect the tubes and to hold them snugly engaged within the pockets, tubular rubber sleeves 39 are inserted into the pockets to cushion the capped tubes.
  • the procedure with such a piece of apparatus is to place the sample to be examined or tested in the tube, effect its comminution by reciprocating the pestle therein, remove the pestle, add a solvent, apply the cap and shake the material to dissolve it in the solvent and then mount the capped tube or tubes in the centrifuge shown in FIG. 1 to effect centrifugation.
  • a sampling assembly comprising a hollow tube closed at one end and open at the other, said tube having a uniform interior cross-section throughout the major portion of its length from end to end, the surface of which is roughened, a cylindrical grinding head having a cross-section corresponding to that of the interior of the tube, the surface of which is roughened like that of the interior of the tube, a handle fixed at one end to one end of the head by means of which the head may be moved in shearing engagement with the interior of the tube to grind material contained in the tube, a cap for closing the open end of the tube following grinding, and a thread circumferentially of the open end of the tube onto which the cap is adapted to be screwed for sealing the tube incident to centrifugation of the content of the tube.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the pestle has a roughened surface which extends axially thereof and is in the order of 1.25 inches.

Abstract

A glass tube closed at one end and open at the other, said open end being threaded, said tube being adapted, on the one hand, to receive a pestle slidingly within it, the interior surface of the tube and the exterior surface of the pestle being roughened so as to effect grinding of the material within the tube and, on the other hand, to receive a cap for closing the tube for shaking its content together with a solvent and for sealing the contents within the tube during centrifugation.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Hubbard et al.
[ CENTRIFUGABLE EXTRACTION AND HOHOGENIZATION VESSEL [76] Inventors: Roger W. Hubbard, 488 Winter St., Framingham, Mass. 01701; William T. Matthew, 35 Grove St., Hopkinton, Mass. 01748 [22] Filed: Apr. 3, 1972 [21] App]. No.2 240,373
[52] US. Cl. 23/259, 23/292 [58] Field of Search 23/259, 292, 253; 73/425, 425.2
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,072,362 1/1963 Allen 243/35 3,459,369 8/1969 Marks 23/292 X Nov. 20, 1973 3,464,798 9/1969 Kilthau 23/292 X 3,565,582 2/1971 Young 23/253 X 3,684,455 8/1972 Vacirca et al. 23/292 X Primary Examiner-Morris O. Wolk Assistant Examiner-R. E. Serwin Attorney-Robert T. Gammons et a1.
[57] ABSTRACT A glass tube closed at one end and open at the other, said open end being threaded, said tube being adapted, on the one hand, to receive a pestle slidingly within it, the interior surface of the tube and the exterior surface of the pestle being roughened so as to effect grinding of the material within the tube and, on the other hand, to receive a cap for closing the tube for shaking its content together with a solvent and for sealing the contents within the tube during centrifugation.
8 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures .CENTRIFUGABLE EXTRACTION AND I-IOI-IOGENIZATION VESSEL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The usualpractice-in taking samples and extractions is to subject :the'material to be sampled to comminution witha motarand'pes'tle, transfer it to a test tube where it is shakenxup-with a solvent and then retransferring it to a centrifuge device for centrifugation. When very smallamounts of 'material are all that is available for testing the several transfers result in substantial loss of material consequently making the tests somewhat unreliable. There is no apparatus presently available in which a very small amount of material can be ground up,-extracted and centrifuged in a single piece of equipment. It is accordingly the purpose of this invention to provide anapparatus in which all three operations may be performed without transferring the material from one receptacle to. another so that even the smaLlest sample can be processed successfully.
SUMMARY As herein illustrated, the apparatus comprises a hollow tubeclosed at one end and open at the other, said tube having a uniform interior cross-section throughout the major portion of its length from end to end, the surface of which is'roughened, said tube being designed alternately to receive a pestle provided with a grinding head having a cross-section corresponding to that of the interior of the tube adapted to be slidably moved in the tube by means of a handle attached thereto to effect grinding of the material contained in the tube and to receive a cap for sealing the open top for agitation of the ground material in a solvent and/or sealing the tube during the subsequent centrifugation. The tube and pestle are comprised of glass, the interior surface of the tube and the exterior surface of the pestle being roughened and being slidably fitted with a clearance in the order of 0.004 inches. The tube has a wall thickness in the order of 0.094 inches, its open end is threaded and the cap is comprised of plastic containing threads by means of which it is threaded onto the open end of the tube. The top of the cap at the inside is fitted with a Teflon disc.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a centrifuge for receiving a capped tube for 'centrifugation;
FIG. 2 is a diametrical section of one component of the sampling apparatus comprising a hollow tube closed at one end and open at the other;
FIG. 3 is an elevation of another component of the sampling apparatus comprising a pestle adapted to be slidably engaged within the tube;
FIG. 4 is a diametrical section of a modified form of the tube shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an elevation of a pestle adapted to be used with the tube shown in FIG.'4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged diametrical section of another component of the sampling apparatus comprising a cap adapted to be mounted to the open end of the tube; and
FIG. 7 is a section of a sealing disc.
Referring to the drawings, the sampling apparatus comprisesessentially three components, to wit, a tube 10, a pestle 1'2 and'a cap 14.
The tube 10 has a closed end 16 and an open end 18. The interior of the tube is of uniform cross-section The pestle 12 has a grinding head 26, the axial length of which is approximately 1.25 inches, the crosssection of which corresponds to that of the interior cross-section of the tube and which has an outside diameter of approximately 0.508 inches. The head is provided with a handle 28 which measures from one end of the head to its distal end approximately 7 inches.
The pestle is adapted to be slidably interengaged with the interior of the tube and to be manipulated therein by means of a handle 28 to grind material placed in the tube and to this end the entire interior surface of the tube is etched or mechanically roughened and the exterior surface of the head of the pestle is correspondingly etched or roughened.
A plastic cap 14 is provided for sealing the content of the tube within the tube during shaking with a solvent and for the centrifugation. The cap 14 contains threads 32 by means of which it is threaded to the open end of the tube and has within it at the top a Teflon disc 34 which forms a seal between the cap and the open end of the tube. The Teflon disc is approximately 0.079 inches thick.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show an alternative form of the apparatus wherein the closed end of the tube is conical and the end of the head of the pestle is correspondingly shaped.
FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a centrifuge comprising a rotor 36 rotatable about a vertical axis X-X, the rotor containing pockets 38 for receiving capped tubes. Desirably to protect the tubes and to hold them snugly engaged within the pockets, tubular rubber sleeves 39 are inserted into the pockets to cushion the capped tubes.
The procedure with such a piece of apparatus is to place the sample to be examined or tested in the tube, effect its comminution by reciprocating the pestle therein, remove the pestle, add a solvent, apply the cap and shake the material to dissolve it in the solvent and then mount the capped tube or tubes in the centrifuge shown in FIG. 1 to effect centrifugation.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only and that this invention includes all modifications and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A sampling assembly comprising a hollow tube closed at one end and open at the other, said tube having a uniform interior cross-section throughout the major portion of its length from end to end, the surface of which is roughened, a cylindrical grinding head having a cross-section corresponding to that of the interior of the tube, the surface of which is roughened like that of the interior of the tube, a handle fixed at one end to one end of the head by means of which the head may be moved in shearing engagement with the interior of the tube to grind material contained in the tube, a cap for closing the open end of the tube following grinding, and a thread circumferentially of the open end of the tube onto which the cap is adapted to be screwed for sealing the tube incident to centrifugation of the content of the tube.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the inside diameter of the tube and the outside diameter of the head of the pestle is in the order of 0.004 inches.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pestle has a roughened surface which extends axially thereof and is in the order of 1.25 inches.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interior wall of the tube at the closed end is semispherical and the end of the head of the pestle is correspondingly the cap and the open end of the tube.

Claims (7)

  1. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the inside diameter of the Tube and the outside diameter of the head of the pestle is in the order of 0.004 inches.
  2. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pestle has a roughened surface which extends axially thereof and is in the order of 1.25 inches.
  3. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interior wall of the tube at the closed end is semispherical and the end of the head of the pestle is correspondingly shaped.
  4. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interior surface of the tube at the closed end is conical, and the head of the pestle is correspondingly shaped.
  5. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of the tube is 0.094 inches.
  6. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tube is glass and the cap is plastic.
  7. 8. A sampling assembly according to claim 1, comprising a Teflon sealing disc fitted between the top of the cap and the open end of the tube.
US00240373A 1972-04-03 1972-04-03 Centrifugable extraction and hohogenization vessel Expired - Lifetime US3773468A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865551A (en) * 1972-11-17 1975-02-11 Yoshiko Saiki Laboratory analysis instrument
US3933440A (en) * 1973-09-20 1976-01-20 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Chemical reaction vessel
US4013419A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-03-22 Betzer Peter R Digestion bomb
US4074824A (en) * 1975-12-03 1978-02-21 Kontes Glass Company Container for storage and shipment of chemical standards, radioactive isotopes and the like
EP0014179A1 (en) * 1979-01-18 1980-08-06 Ciba-Geigy Ag Device for extracting components from solid and semi-solid materials
US4366930A (en) * 1981-04-27 1983-01-04 Trombetti Jr Albert V Tablet pulverizer
US4397425A (en) * 1980-05-19 1983-08-09 Pennzoil Company Grinding apparatus
US5174508A (en) * 1991-08-16 1992-12-29 Source For Automation, Inc. Tablet extraction and analysis system and method
US5244635A (en) * 1992-06-19 1993-09-14 Cirrus Diagnostics, Inc. Centrifuge vessel with coaxial waste chamber having cap to prevent waste fluid transfer from the chamber into the vessel
US5533683A (en) * 1993-12-09 1996-07-09 Biomedical Polymers, Inc. Tissue grinding system
US5593097A (en) * 1994-06-10 1997-01-14 Eastman Kodak Company Micro media mill and method of its use
US5829696A (en) * 1997-08-27 1998-11-03 Michelle S. DeStefano Sealed grinding and homogenizing apparatus
US5871700A (en) * 1993-12-21 1999-02-16 C.A. Greiner & Sohne Gesellschaft M.B.H. Holding device with a cylindrical container and blood sampling tube with such a holding device
US20020114741A1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-22 Brandeis University Adhesive label for microcentrifuge tube
US20040043701A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-04 Garland Stephen Henry Plant-material sampling and grinding apparatus
US20160257924A1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2016-09-08 Taiwan Mitochondrion Applied Technology Co., Ltd. Method of extracting organelles from cells
US11090646B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2021-08-17 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube
TWI768873B (en) * 2021-05-06 2022-06-21 瑞基海洋生物科技股份有限公司 Test tubes for loading biological samples

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3072362A (en) * 1962-05-17 1963-01-08 Elvy W Allen Vial holder
US3459369A (en) * 1965-09-16 1969-08-05 Beckman Instruments Inc Centrifuge test tube cap
US3464798A (en) * 1965-11-16 1969-09-02 Gustave Frederick Kilthau Ion-exchange or chemical interaction plastic form
US3565582A (en) * 1967-11-30 1971-02-23 Robert R Young Methods and means for handling blood test specimens
US3684455A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-08-15 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works Apparatus for mixing liquids

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3072362A (en) * 1962-05-17 1963-01-08 Elvy W Allen Vial holder
US3459369A (en) * 1965-09-16 1969-08-05 Beckman Instruments Inc Centrifuge test tube cap
US3464798A (en) * 1965-11-16 1969-09-02 Gustave Frederick Kilthau Ion-exchange or chemical interaction plastic form
US3565582A (en) * 1967-11-30 1971-02-23 Robert R Young Methods and means for handling blood test specimens
US3684455A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-08-15 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works Apparatus for mixing liquids

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865551A (en) * 1972-11-17 1975-02-11 Yoshiko Saiki Laboratory analysis instrument
US3933440A (en) * 1973-09-20 1976-01-20 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Chemical reaction vessel
US4074824A (en) * 1975-12-03 1978-02-21 Kontes Glass Company Container for storage and shipment of chemical standards, radioactive isotopes and the like
US4013419A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-03-22 Betzer Peter R Digestion bomb
EP0014179A1 (en) * 1979-01-18 1980-08-06 Ciba-Geigy Ag Device for extracting components from solid and semi-solid materials
US4397425A (en) * 1980-05-19 1983-08-09 Pennzoil Company Grinding apparatus
US4366930A (en) * 1981-04-27 1983-01-04 Trombetti Jr Albert V Tablet pulverizer
US5174508A (en) * 1991-08-16 1992-12-29 Source For Automation, Inc. Tablet extraction and analysis system and method
US5244635A (en) * 1992-06-19 1993-09-14 Cirrus Diagnostics, Inc. Centrifuge vessel with coaxial waste chamber having cap to prevent waste fluid transfer from the chamber into the vessel
WO1994000762A1 (en) * 1992-06-19 1994-01-06 Cirrus Diagnostics, Inc. Centrifuge vessel for automated solid-phase immunoassay
US5533683A (en) * 1993-12-09 1996-07-09 Biomedical Polymers, Inc. Tissue grinding system
US5871700A (en) * 1993-12-21 1999-02-16 C.A. Greiner & Sohne Gesellschaft M.B.H. Holding device with a cylindrical container and blood sampling tube with such a holding device
US5593097A (en) * 1994-06-10 1997-01-14 Eastman Kodak Company Micro media mill and method of its use
US5829696A (en) * 1997-08-27 1998-11-03 Michelle S. DeStefano Sealed grinding and homogenizing apparatus
US20020114741A1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-22 Brandeis University Adhesive label for microcentrifuge tube
US20040043701A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-04 Garland Stephen Henry Plant-material sampling and grinding apparatus
US20160257924A1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2016-09-08 Taiwan Mitochondrion Applied Technology Co., Ltd. Method of extracting organelles from cells
US9738871B2 (en) * 2015-03-04 2017-08-22 Taiwan Mitochondrion Applied Technology Co., Ltd. Method of extracting organelles from cells
US11325117B2 (en) * 2017-07-27 2022-05-10 Biomerieux, Inc. Centrifugally separating samples in a container having a seal and containing a plunger for opening the seal
US11305273B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2022-04-19 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube with a rheological control member and a plunger
US11090646B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2021-08-17 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube
US11383231B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2022-07-12 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube
US11440000B2 (en) * 2017-07-27 2022-09-13 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube with an endcap
US11850584B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2023-12-26 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube
US11883818B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2024-01-30 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube
US11918998B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2024-03-05 BIOMéRIEUX, INC. Assembly comprising a sample collection vessel and a separation container having seal, plunger with seal-piercing point, retainer, and flexible sealing member
TWI768873B (en) * 2021-05-06 2022-06-21 瑞基海洋生物科技股份有限公司 Test tubes for loading biological samples

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