US3759246A - Incontinence measurement sensor - Google Patents
Incontinence measurement sensor Download PDFInfo
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- US3759246A US3759246A US00136710A US3759246DA US3759246A US 3759246 A US3759246 A US 3759246A US 00136710 A US00136710 A US 00136710A US 3759246D A US3759246D A US 3759246DA US 3759246 A US3759246 A US 3759246A
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- sheet
- electrodes
- urine
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- salt
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/42—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with wetness indicator or alarm
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/48—Devices for preventing wetting or pollution of the bed
Definitions
- any undesirable variations in this technique due to compression of the sheet in use can be offset by supporting the electrodes in a waved manner along their lengths and UNITED STATES PATENTS through the sheet thickness, and by quilting the sheet. 3,245,068 4/1966 wegryn at al- 2838 A Other variations due to differing urine salts content can 3 085 566 4/1963 Tones n be taken mto account by pre-loadmg the sheet with a 2,1271538 8/1938 Seiger [28/138 A Salt to give a datum bias Sal! level above which Such t' l i 'f' t.
- diaper-like devices have been proposed to render the results of such incontinence less inconvenient
- mechanically operable devices to be worn internally or externally have been proposed whereby such incontinence may be controlled
- implantable devices to enhance muscle control by electrical stimulation have also been proposed for urinary incontinence control purposes
- devices to give alarm or shock therapy have been proposed for enuresis.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce this area of difficulty by providing a device whereby urinary incontinence can be observed independently, without embarrassment or significant inconvenience to the patient.
- the invention provides, in a more general aspect thereof, a device comprising a flexible sheet of absorbent material having a pair of elongate electrodes supported therein in an'interleaved, uniformly spaced array.
- the electrode array will normally span a major, or at least significant area of the sheet for this purpose each electrode may comprise a plurality of parallel limbs connected at one end to a common terminal conductor, the limbs of the respective electrodes being interleaved in an alternating sequence.
- Other geometrical configurations, such as interleaved spirals, for example, may be equally suitable.
- Such a device In use of such a device, it will normally be worn by a patient in the manner of a diaper, although the sheet can also be appropriately located in a cot or bed, and the two terminal conductors are subjected to a low voltage alternating current. Then, when urine loss occurs, a zone of the electrode area becomes moistened and the resultant change in electrical conductivity can be detected, and indicated and/or recorded, by suitable instruments coupled to the device. It is preferable to record signals representing both the time (to denote frequency) and magnitude of urine loss, as by a pen recorder or other suitable instrument. It is also preferable that a record be made simultaneously concerning the physical attitude or activity of the patient at least when urine loss occurs. This function can be carried out simply by an observer in conjunction with the firstmentioned instrumentation, although it may be desirable to add further instrumentation responsive to a strain gauge or other form of transducer connected to the patient to indicate activity.
- the invention provides urinary incontinence measuring apparatus comprising a device together with energisation means and instrumentation as described above.
- a device and associated energisation means and instrumentation can be coupled by leads where complete freedom of mobility for the patient is not required, while the coupling can be by radio telemetry when complete freedom is required (to reduce the risk of accident involving leads where the patient is an infant or sleeping, say), the energisation means being carried with the device together with a suitable transmitter.
- the instrumentation may also be possible, as another alternative, for the instrumentation to be carried with the device and energisation means on the patient, the instrumentation comprising a miniature tape recorder, say.
- the sheet material should absorb and spread liquid in the plane of the sheet sufficiently rapidly to afford a capacity which does not lead to saturation at a level of urine loss which is too low for a more general use of the invention.
- this requirement will normally entail the use of sheet material which is significantly thicker than the electrode material, the latter being relatively thin to give the flexibility and comfort compatible with effective use of the device as an under-garment.
- This leads to a possible difficulty in that the electrical conductivity between the electrodes may vary for a given level of urine loss as a function of the compression of the sheet which is variable, in turn, in dependence upon patient activity.
- This possible difficulty is reduced in a preferred form of the device, representing another more particular aspect of the invention, by supporting the electrodes in a generally cyclically varying waveshape extending along the electrode lengths and through the thickness of the sheet.
- a suitable manner of obtaining such an electrode waveshape is by sewing the sheet with the electrode material serving as the thread in a conven tional stitching mechanism.
- Quilting is additionally useful in serving to stabilise the positions of the electrodes in the sense of their mutual spacing, and the quilting is conveniently effected by lines of stitching uniformly spaced between adjacent electrode lengths.
- a further difficulty can arise by variation of electrical conductivity with urine salts content. This variation, can arise not only between different individuals, but also between different times of the day for a given individual. Magnitudes of variation have been measured which are equivalent to that between a 0.5 percent and 1.5 percent (by weight) aqueous sodium chloride solution, and these can clearly introduce error into any quantitative measure obtained by use of the invention.
- this last difficulty is reduced by preloading of the device with salt in any appropriate manner before use to provide a dry device impregnated with salt whereby signals representing the level of incontinence are effectively biased to a predetermined level which is relatively independent of urine salts content.
- a suitable pre-loading for this purpose is approximately equivalent to a 5 percent (by weight) aqueous sodium chloride solution saturating the sheet. This level of pre-loading has been found suitable in giving a satisfactory bias without swamping the singal variations of interest or causing skin irritation.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a device constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a portion of the sheet of the device.
- the device is denoted at 1 and comprises a multi-layered sheet of cotton mesh 2 of strip form measuring approximately 18 X 5 ins.
- the sheet is backed by a layer of nylon cloth 3 which is less readily permeable by liquid than the cotton mesh and serves to assist the lateral spread and absorption of liquid as mentioned earlier.
- the electrode array is provided by surgical stainless steel wire, of about 36 qauge, stitched to the sheet parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof in six lengths at equal spacing of about 0.5 in.
- This wire is denoted by chain lines 4 from which it will be seen that two interleaved electrodes with three limbs each are formed by connecting the associated limbs at opposite ends of the sheet t respectively different conductors of a twin lead 5.
- the lead 5 is connected to the electrode limb wires by crimping or in any other suitable manner and is held to the sheet by overlapping the backing sheet to provide a stitched marginal tunnel through which the conductors run.
- the sheet is also stitched longitudinally with thread intermediate to the electrode limbs as denoted in broken line at 6.
- the lead 5 is powered at about 30 mV through an A.C. coupling 7 by a 2Kc/s oscillator 8.
- the lead is also connected across measuring and recording apparatus including a differential amplifier 9, a meter 10' and a pen recorder 11.
- the electrode array and sheet act as a variable resistor denoted in broken line at 12 and having a value less than when the sheet is fully saturated in the present example.
- a urinary incontinence detector device comprising a sheet of absorbent material; a dry salt dispersion in said sheet to preload the sheet whereby, when moistened with urine, the natural salt content of urine is not a significant factor in changing the electrical conductance of the sheet; a pair of elongate electrodes connected to said sheet in a uniformly spaced array extending over a major area of said sheet; and terminals for connecting said electrodes to an electrical conductance indicator.
- each of said electrodes comprises a plurality of parallel limbs each connected at one end to a common terminal conductor, the limbs of the respective electrodes being interleaved in an alternating sequence.
- a device according to claim 1 wherein said electrodes are supported in said sheet in a generally cyclically varying waveshape extending along their lengths and through the thickness of said sheet, which waveshape is of short length compared to the planar dimensions of said sheet.
- said sheet is oflaminated form comprising a thicker layer of a first absorbent material to enhance the spread of urine through the plane of said thicker layer and thereby act against local saturation therein, a second layer of different absorbent material having a lesser liquid permeability than said first material, said second layer backing said first layer.
- a device according to claim 1 wherein said sheet is quilted along lines which are uniformly spaced between adjacent lengths of said electrodes.
- a device according to claim 1 wherein said salt dispersion is approximately equivalent in electrical conductance to that of the salt in a 5 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium chloride solution saturating said sheet.
Abstract
Urinary incontinence can be evaluated both in respect of frequency and quantity by use of a detector device in the form of a flexible sheet of absorbent material having elongate electrodes supported in it in an interleaved, uniformly spaced array. This device is worn as a diaper and any incontinence will vary and be detectable and measurable by the electrical conductivity of the sheet material between the electrodes. Any undesirable variations in this technique due to compression of the sheet in use can be offset by supporting the electrodes in a waved manner along their lengths and through the sheet thickness, and by quilting the sheet. Other variations due to differing urine salts content can be taken into account by pre-loading the sheet with a salt to give a datum or bias salt level above which such variations are less significant.
Description
United States Patent 11 1 Flack et al.
1451 Sept. 18, 1973 INCONTINENCE MEASUREMENT SENSOR [75] Inventors: Frederick Colin Flack; Evan Douglas James, both of Devon, England [73] Assignee: National Research Development Corporation, London, England 22 Filed: Apr. 23, 1971 21 Appl No.: 136,710
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data 128/2 R, 2.1 R, 2.1 Z, 138 A [5 6] References Cited Australia 128/138 A France 128/138 A Prirriary Examiner-William E. Kamm Attorney--Cushman, Darby & Cushman [57] ABSTRACT Urinary incontinence can be evaluated both in respect of frequency and quantity by use of a detector device in the form of a flexible sheet of absorbent material having elongate electrodes supported in it in an interleaved, uniformly spaced array. This device is worn as a diaper and any incontinence will vary and be detectable and measurable by the electrical conductivity of the sheet material between the electrodes. Any undesirable variations in this technique due to compression of the sheet in use can be offset by supporting the electrodes in a waved manner along their lengths and UNITED STATES PATENTS through the sheet thickness, and by quilting the sheet. 3,245,068 4/1966 wegryn at al- 2838 A Other variations due to differing urine salts content can 3 085 566 4/1963 Tones n be taken mto account by pre-loadmg the sheet with a 2,1271538 8/1938 Seiger [28/138 A Salt to give a datum bias Sal! level above which Such t' l i 'f' t. FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS are 1,174,346 12/1969 Great Britain 128/138 A 6 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures THICKER, HIGHER ABSORBENCY SHEET METAL THREAD 4 LA ER ELECTRODE BACKING 1 THREAD THINNER, LESSER ABSORBENCY 3 SHEET BACKl NG LAYER PATENTEDSEPI 8 I973 FIGI ABSORBENCY SHEET METAL THREAD ELECTRODE THICKER, HIGHER LAYER THINNER, LESSER AB'S'ORBENCY/ SHEET BACKING LAYER INCONTINENCE MEASUREMENT SENSOR Various proposals have been made in connection with the treatment of urinary incontinence. For example, diaper-like devices have been proposed to render the results of such incontinence less inconvenient, mechanically operable devices to be worn internally or externally have been proposed whereby such incontinence may be controlled, implantable devices to enhance muscle control by electrical stimulation have also been proposed for urinary incontinence control purposes, and devices to give alarm or shock therapy have been proposed for enuresis.
Most of these various devices are used in practice and they can attain their objects in appropriate circumstances. However, there are different forms of urinary incontinence and the choice of device, or more generally the treatment to be adopted for an incontinent patient should naturally depend on the form of incontinence at hand. There is, though, often difficulty in deciding on what form of incontinence is to be dealt with. This difficulty arises from the fact that one of the main factors relied upon is the patient's own observations, but the patient, usually being a member of the lay public, cannot be relied upon to observe as accurately as trained personnel.
An object of the present invention is to reduce this area of difficulty by providing a device whereby urinary incontinence can be observed independently, without embarrassment or significant inconvenience to the patient.
To this end, the invention provides, in a more general aspect thereof, a device comprising a flexible sheet of absorbent material having a pair of elongate electrodes supported therein in an'interleaved, uniformly spaced array. The electrode array will normally span a major, or at least significant area of the sheet for this purpose each electrode may comprise a plurality of parallel limbs connected at one end to a common terminal conductor, the limbs of the respective electrodes being interleaved in an alternating sequence. Other geometrical configurations, such as interleaved spirals, for example, may be equally suitable.
In use of such a device, it will normally be worn by a patient in the manner of a diaper, although the sheet can also be appropriately located in a cot or bed, and the two terminal conductors are subjected to a low voltage alternating current. Then, when urine loss occurs, a zone of the electrode area becomes moistened and the resultant change in electrical conductivity can be detected, and indicated and/or recorded, by suitable instruments coupled to the device. It is preferable to record signals representing both the time (to denote frequency) and magnitude of urine loss, as by a pen recorder or other suitable instrument. It is also preferable that a record be made simultaneously concerning the physical attitude or activity of the patient at least when urine loss occurs. This function can be carried out simply by an observer in conjunction with the firstmentioned instrumentation, although it may be desirable to add further instrumentation responsive to a strain gauge or other form of transducer connected to the patient to indicate activity.
In any event, in a more particular aspect the invention provides urinary incontinence measuring apparatus comprising a device together with energisation means and instrumentation as described above. It is to be noted that such a device and associated energisation means and instrumentation can be coupled by leads where complete freedom of mobility for the patient is not required, while the coupling can be by radio telemetry when complete freedom is required (to reduce the risk of accident involving leads where the patient is an infant or sleeping, say), the energisation means being carried with the device together with a suitable transmitter. It may also be possible, as another alternative, for the instrumentation to be carried with the device and energisation means on the patient, the instrumentation comprising a miniature tape recorder, say.
Certain more particular features have been found preferable for the device during development of the invention. For example, it is desirable that the sheet material should absorb and spread liquid in the plane of the sheet sufficiently rapidly to afford a capacity which does not lead to saturation at a level of urine loss which is too low for a more general use of the invention. However, this requirement will normally entail the use of sheet material which is significantly thicker than the electrode material, the latter being relatively thin to give the flexibility and comfort compatible with effective use of the device as an under-garment. This leads to a possible difficulty in that the electrical conductivity between the electrodes may vary for a given level of urine loss as a function of the compression of the sheet which is variable, in turn, in dependence upon patient activity.
This possible difficulty is reduced in a preferred form of the device, representing another more particular aspect of the invention, by supporting the electrodes in a generally cyclically varying waveshape extending along the electrode lengths and through the thickness of the sheet. A suitable manner of obtaining such an electrode waveshape is by sewing the sheet with the electrode material serving as the thread in a conven tional stitching mechanism.
It has also been found useful in this same connection to quilt the sheet of the device since this can serve to reduce the effects of variable compression without unduly restricting the desired lateral absorbency of the sheet. Quilting is additionally useful in serving to stabilise the positions of the electrodes in the sense of their mutual spacing, and the quilting is conveniently effected by lines of stitching uniformly spaced between adjacent electrode lengths.
A further difficulty can arise by variation of electrical conductivity with urine salts content. This variation, can arise not only between different individuals, but also between different times of the day for a given individual. Magnitudes of variation have been measured which are equivalent to that between a 0.5 percent and 1.5 percent (by weight) aqueous sodium chloride solution, and these can clearly introduce error into any quantitative measure obtained by use of the invention.
In accordance with a further more particular aspect of the. invention this last difficulty is reduced by preloading of the device with salt in any appropriate manner before use to provide a dry device impregnated with salt whereby signals representing the level of incontinence are effectively biased to a predetermined level which is relatively independent of urine salts content. A suitable pre-loading for this purpose is approximately equivalent to a 5 percent (by weight) aqueous sodium chloride solution saturating the sheet. This level of pre-loading has been found suitable in giving a satisfactory bias without swamping the singal variations of interest or causing skin irritation.
In development of the present invention to date, devices as described above have been used repeatedly with appropriate cleansing and fresh pro-loading be- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OETHE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a device constructed in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a portion of the sheet of the device.
DETAILED DESCRHTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the drawing the device is denoted at 1 and comprises a multi-layered sheet of cotton mesh 2 of strip form measuring approximately 18 X 5 ins. The sheet is backed by a layer of nylon cloth 3 which is less readily permeable by liquid than the cotton mesh and serves to assist the lateral spread and absorption of liquid as mentioned earlier.
The electrode array is provided by surgical stainless steel wire, of about 36 qauge, stitched to the sheet parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof in six lengths at equal spacing of about 0.5 in. This wire is denoted by chain lines 4 from which it will be seen that two interleaved electrodes with three limbs each are formed by connecting the associated limbs at opposite ends of the sheet t respectively different conductors of a twin lead 5. The lead 5 is connected to the electrode limb wires by crimping or in any other suitable manner and is held to the sheet by overlapping the backing sheet to provide a stitched marginal tunnel through which the conductors run. The sheet is also stitched longitudinally with thread intermediate to the electrode limbs as denoted in broken line at 6.
The lead 5 is powered at about 30 mV through an A.C. coupling 7 by a 2Kc/s oscillator 8. The lead is also connected across measuring and recording apparatus including a differential amplifier 9, a meter 10' and a pen recorder 11. The electrode array and sheet act as a variable resistor denoted in broken line at 12 and having a value less than when the sheet is fully saturated in the present example.
We claim 1. A urinary incontinence detector device comprisa sheet of absorbent material; a dry salt dispersion in said sheet to preload the sheet whereby, when moistened with urine, the natural salt content of urine is not a significant factor in changing the electrical conductance of the sheet; a pair of elongate electrodes connected to said sheet in a uniformly spaced array extending over a major area of said sheet; and terminals for connecting said electrodes to an electrical conductance indicator.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein each of said electrodes comprises a plurality of parallel limbs each connected at one end to a common terminal conductor, the limbs of the respective electrodes being interleaved in an alternating sequence.
3. A device according to claim 1 wherein said electrodes are supported in said sheet in a generally cyclically varying waveshape extending along their lengths and through the thickness of said sheet, which waveshape is of short length compared to the planar dimensions of said sheet.
4. A device according to claim 1 wherein said sheet is oflaminated form comprising a thicker layer of a first absorbent material to enhance the spread of urine through the plane of said thicker layer and thereby act against local saturation therein, a second layer of different absorbent material having a lesser liquid permeability than said first material, said second layer backing said first layer.
5. A device according to claim 1 wherein said sheet is quilted along lines which are uniformly spaced between adjacent lengths of said electrodes.
6. A device according to claim 1 wherein said salt dispersion is approximately equivalent in electrical conductance to that of the salt in a 5 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium chloride solution saturating said sheet.
Claims (6)
1. A urinary incontinence detector device comprising: a sheet of absorbent material; a dry salt dispersion in said sheet to preload the sheet whereby, when moistened with urine, the natural salt content of urine is not a significant factor in changing the electrical conductance of the sheet; a pair of elongate electrodes connected to said sheet in a uniformly spaced array extending over a major area of said sheet; and terminals for connecting said electrodes to an electrical conductance indicator.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein each of said electrodes comprises a plurality of parallel limbs each connected at one end to a common terminal conductor, the limbs of the respective electrodes being interleaved in an alternating sequence.
3. A device according to claim 1 wherein said electrodes are supported in said sheet in a generally cyclically varying waveshape extending along their lengths and through the thickness of said sheet, which waVeshape is of short length compared to the planar dimensions of said sheet.
4. A device according to claim 1 wherein said sheet is of laminated form comprising a thicker layer of a first absorbent material to enhance the spread of urine through the plane of said thicker layer and thereby act against local saturation therein, a second layer of different absorbent material having a lesser liquid permeability than said first material, said second layer backing said first layer.
5. A device according to claim 1 wherein said sheet is quilted along lines which are uniformly spaced between adjacent lengths of said electrodes.
6. A device according to claim 1 wherein said salt dispersion is approximately equivalent in electrical conductance to that of the salt in a 5 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium chloride solution saturating said sheet.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2051470 | 1970-04-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3759246A true US3759246A (en) | 1973-09-18 |
Family
ID=10147150
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00136710A Expired - Lifetime US3759246A (en) | 1970-04-29 | 1971-04-23 | Incontinence measurement sensor |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3759246A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1352685A (en) |
Cited By (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4163449A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-08-07 | Regal Robert A | Enuresis treatment device |
| US4205672A (en) * | 1977-11-28 | 1980-06-03 | Karel Dvorak | Conductivity sensing device for diapers |
| US4356818A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1982-11-02 | Helene Macias | Diaper with moisture detecting apparatus |
| US4509535A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1985-04-09 | Horace Bryan | Electrode apparatus |
| US4653491A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1987-03-31 | Nippon Kodoshi Corporation | Water content sensing and informing system for a disposable diaper |
| US4977906A (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-12-18 | Scipio William J Di | Diurnal rehabilitation for incontinence trainer |
| WO1995011645A1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-04 | Hill-Rom, Inc. | Incontinence detection device |
| US5658277A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1997-08-19 | Novatec Medical Products, Inc. | Apparatus for electrical connection of glove monitor to patient |
| US5760694A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1998-06-02 | Knox Security Engineering Corporation | Moisture detecting devices such as for diapers and diapers having such devices |
| FR2770993A1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 1999-05-21 | Jean Claude Henry | Female urinary incontinence measuring pad |
| US5959535A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1999-09-28 | Remsburg; Ralph | Electrogalvanic-powered diaper wetness sensor |
| US20030060789A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-03-27 | Sysmore, Inc. | Urine detection system and method |
| US6774800B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2004-08-10 | Augmentech, Inc. | Patient incontinence monitoring apparatus and method of use thereof |
| US20040230172A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2004-11-18 | Shmuel Shapira | System and method for assessing fluid distribution |
| US20050017727A1 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2005-01-27 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Radio frequency identification sensor for fluid level |
| US20050253772A1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2005-11-17 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Method for forming radio frequency antenna |
| US20060028379A1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2006-02-09 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Method for forming radio frequency antenna |
| US20060205115A1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner |
| US20060205113A1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process |
| US20060229577A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article having a wetness event counter |
| US20060244614A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Long Andrew M | Connection mechanisms in absorbent articles for body fluid signaling devices |
| US20070046482A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Chan Yung C | Diaper warning alarm device, and system |
| US20070103379A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-10 | Garby Sandra M | Method for an element using two resist layers |
| US20070125867A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-07 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Tuned radio frequency identification (RFID) circuit used as a security device for wristbands and package security |
| US20070142796A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Garments with easy-to-use signaling device |
| US20070142797A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Garments with easy-to-use signaling device |
| US7250547B1 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2007-07-31 | Rf Technologies, Inc. | Wetness monitoring system |
| US7268740B2 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2007-09-11 | Rcd Technology Inc. | Method for forming radio frequency antenna |
| US20070252713A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | External voiding sensor system |
| US20080129455A1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2008-06-05 | Rcd Technology Inc. | Method for forming rfid tags |
| WO2008115987A2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Gt Angel, Llc | Fluid-detecting mattress cover and monitoring system |
| US20080300559A1 (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2008-12-04 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent Article Comprising Wetness Detecting Means |
| US7477156B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2009-01-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Connection mechanisms in absorbent articles for body fluid signaling devices |
| US20090112172A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2009-04-30 | Linda Lee Nicewander Tooker | Audio alert diapers |
| US20090174559A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-07-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | External voiding sensor system |
| US20100100026A1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Wetness sensor utilizing passive resonant circuits |
| US20110270127A1 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2011-11-03 | Shany Vered | Biological Fluid Receptacle |
| US20110271424A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2011-11-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Ene Alt | Electrochemical battery integrated in a piece of clothing and using a physiological fluid as an electrolyte |
| DE102011076219A1 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-22 | TU Chemnitz | Arrangement for performing contactless detection of moisture in e.g. commercial diaper, has oscillating circuit directly stitched on or into incontinence material that is releasably arranged on or in support material |
| US8471715B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-06-25 | Anthony Solazzo | Disposable diaper with wireless alarm system |
| US20150209193A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-07-30 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Apparatus for a diaper, a system, a diaper and a method of manufacturing an electrode |
| US10624804B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2020-04-21 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Microclimate management airflow control based on incontinence detection |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2182181A (en) * | 1985-02-23 | 1987-05-07 | Arthur Leonard Lewis | Wet blanket loft sensor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR673239A (en) * | 1928-04-11 | 1930-01-13 | Portable electro-medical device | |
| US2127538A (en) * | 1936-09-26 | 1938-08-23 | Harry W Seiger | Signaling device |
| US3085566A (en) * | 1959-09-18 | 1963-04-16 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Apparatus for measuring the electrical response of living tissue |
| US3245068A (en) * | 1963-08-02 | 1966-04-05 | Thomas V Fullen | Calibrated body fluid detection device |
| GB1174346A (en) * | 1967-05-02 | 1969-12-17 | Derrick Hodgson | An Improved Apparatus for the Control and Possible Cure of Enuresis. |
-
1970
- 1970-04-29 GB GB2051470A patent/GB1352685A/en not_active Expired
-
1971
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| US4163449A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-08-07 | Regal Robert A | Enuresis treatment device |
| US4205672A (en) * | 1977-11-28 | 1980-06-03 | Karel Dvorak | Conductivity sensing device for diapers |
| US4356818A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1982-11-02 | Helene Macias | Diaper with moisture detecting apparatus |
| US4509535A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1985-04-09 | Horace Bryan | Electrode apparatus |
| US4653491A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1987-03-31 | Nippon Kodoshi Corporation | Water content sensing and informing system for a disposable diaper |
| US4977906A (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-12-18 | Scipio William J Di | Diurnal rehabilitation for incontinence trainer |
| US5658277A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1997-08-19 | Novatec Medical Products, Inc. | Apparatus for electrical connection of glove monitor to patient |
| WO1995011645A1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-04 | Hill-Rom, Inc. | Incontinence detection device |
| US5959535A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1999-09-28 | Remsburg; Ralph | Electrogalvanic-powered diaper wetness sensor |
| US5760694A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1998-06-02 | Knox Security Engineering Corporation | Moisture detecting devices such as for diapers and diapers having such devices |
| FR2770993A1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 1999-05-21 | Jean Claude Henry | Female urinary incontinence measuring pad |
| WO1999025247A1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 1999-05-27 | Henry Jean Claude | Device for temporal measurement of a liquid flow volume |
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| US20050253772A1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2005-11-17 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Method for forming radio frequency antenna |
| US20060028379A1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2006-02-09 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Method for forming radio frequency antenna |
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| US7250547B1 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2007-07-31 | Rf Technologies, Inc. | Wetness monitoring system |
| US6774800B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2004-08-10 | Augmentech, Inc. | Patient incontinence monitoring apparatus and method of use thereof |
| US6916968B2 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2005-07-12 | Sysmore, Inc. | Urine detection system and method |
| US20030060789A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-03-27 | Sysmore, Inc. | Urine detection system and method |
| US7141715B2 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2006-11-28 | Sysmore, Inc. | System and method for assessing fluid distribution in a urine detection network |
| US20040230172A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2004-11-18 | Shmuel Shapira | System and method for assessing fluid distribution |
| US7456752B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2008-11-25 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Radio frequency identification sensor for fluid level |
| US20050017727A1 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2005-01-27 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Radio frequency identification sensor for fluid level |
| US20060205113A1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process |
| US7674649B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2010-03-09 | Rcd Technology Inc. | Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner |
| US7456506B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2008-11-25 | Rcd Technology Inc. | Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner |
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| US20060229578A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article having a wetness event counter |
| US7838720B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2010-11-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article having a wetness event counter |
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| US20060244614A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Long Andrew M | Connection mechanisms in absorbent articles for body fluid signaling devices |
| US7477156B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2009-01-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Connection mechanisms in absorbent articles for body fluid signaling devices |
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| US7352286B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2008-04-01 | Chan Yung C | Diaper warning alarm device, and system |
| US20070046482A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Chan Yung C | Diaper warning alarm device, and system |
| US20070103379A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-10 | Garby Sandra M | Method for an element using two resist layers |
| US7388542B2 (en) | 2005-11-10 | 2008-06-17 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Method for an element using two resist layers |
| US20070125867A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-07 | Rcd Technology Corp. | Tuned radio frequency identification (RFID) circuit used as a security device for wristbands and package security |
| US7377447B2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2008-05-27 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Tuned radio frequency identification (RFID) circuit used as a security device for wristbands and package security |
| US20080300559A1 (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2008-12-04 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent Article Comprising Wetness Detecting Means |
| US20070142797A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Garments with easy-to-use signaling device |
| US8304598B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2012-11-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Garments with easy-to-use signaling device |
| US20070142796A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Garments with easy-to-use signaling device |
| US20090112172A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2009-04-30 | Linda Lee Nicewander Tooker | Audio alert diapers |
| US7855653B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2010-12-21 | Medtronic, Inc. | External voiding sensor system |
| US20070252713A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | External voiding sensor system |
| US20090174559A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-07-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | External voiding sensor system |
| US8072338B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2011-12-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | External voiding sensor system |
| US20080129455A1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2008-06-05 | Rcd Technology Inc. | Method for forming rfid tags |
| US20110270127A1 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2011-11-03 | Shany Vered | Biological Fluid Receptacle |
| WO2008115987A2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Gt Angel, Llc | Fluid-detecting mattress cover and monitoring system |
| WO2008115987A3 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-12-24 | Gt Angel Llc | Fluid-detecting mattress cover and monitoring system |
| US20100100026A1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Wetness sensor utilizing passive resonant circuits |
| US20110271424A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2011-11-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Ene Alt | Electrochemical battery integrated in a piece of clothing and using a physiological fluid as an electrolyte |
| US9142839B2 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2015-09-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Electrochemical battery integrated in a piece of clothing and using a physiological fluid as an electrolyte |
| US8471715B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-06-25 | Anthony Solazzo | Disposable diaper with wireless alarm system |
| DE102011076219A1 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-22 | TU Chemnitz | Arrangement for performing contactless detection of moisture in e.g. commercial diaper, has oscillating circuit directly stitched on or into incontinence material that is releasably arranged on or in support material |
| US20150209193A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-07-30 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Apparatus for a diaper, a system, a diaper and a method of manufacturing an electrode |
| US10111787B2 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2018-10-30 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Apparatus for a diaper, a system, a diaper and a method of manufacturing an electrode |
| US10624804B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2020-04-21 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Microclimate management airflow control based on incontinence detection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1352685A (en) | 1974-05-08 |
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