US3757879A - Drill bits and methods of producing drill bits - Google Patents

Drill bits and methods of producing drill bits Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3757879A
US3757879A US00283474A US3757879DA US3757879A US 3757879 A US3757879 A US 3757879A US 00283474 A US00283474 A US 00283474A US 3757879D A US3757879D A US 3757879DA US 3757879 A US3757879 A US 3757879A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
tungsten
iron
encapsulated
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00283474A
Inventor
A Wilder
H Bridwell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Norton Christensen Inc
Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC
Original Assignee
Christensen Diamond Products Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Christensen Diamond Products Co filed Critical Christensen Diamond Products Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3757879A publication Critical patent/US3757879A/en
Assigned to EASTMAN CHRISTENSEN COMPANY reassignment EASTMAN CHRISTENSEN COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: NORTON CHRISTENSEN, INC., NORTON COMPANY
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/46Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A diamond bit comprising a steel shank coated with abrasive particles, with a ring of tungsten-coated iron particles bonded together in a metal matrix and by metal to the end of the shank.
  • This invention is an improvement on diamond drills in which diamonds are incorporated in the body of or positioned on the surface of an abrader structure in the form of a drill, for example, as may be used for earth boring.
  • a plurality of different abrasive particles are employed.
  • particles of high hardness values for example, diamonds which act on the primary abrasive
  • this secondary abrasive particle is to wear away preferentially thus exposing new abrasive faces of the primary abrasive particle.
  • the abrader structures thus formed are deemed selfsharpening. That is, the matrix including the secondary abrasive wears away preferentially and uniformally exposing new primary abrasive cutting surfaces. This, however, tends to reduce the area of the interfacial sur- -faces between the bonding 'metal of the matrix and the primary and secondary abrasive particles. Where thel bond is weak, the particles are torn out of the metal matrix, causing excessive wear.
  • the abrader body of tungsten carbide to act as the secondary abrasive particle.
  • the diamonds and tungsten carbide are bonded by means of a metal matrix which is formed by percolating molten metal to infiltrate the body of discrete tungsten carbide in a suitable mold to bond the tungsten carbide; if diamonds are also distributed throughout this metal matrix, the mixture of diamonds and tungsten carbide form the mass which is infiltrated by the molten metal.
  • the diamonds are positioned in space configuration on the external grinding surface of the drill. These are termed surface set diamond drills.
  • the form of the drills includes a hollow steel shank coated at its exterior surfaces and over its end forming the crown end of the drill, with a metal bonded sheath of abrasive particles bonded to the steel shank by the metal.
  • lt is desirable to cover the end of the metal bonded sheath at its end away from the crown end with a smooth bevel end.
  • Such a structure would have the advantage that the bit when withdrawn from the bore hole would not hang up on a projection in the bore hole or the end of a casing section through which it is to be removedA
  • the abrasive sheath is not conveniently machinable.
  • this may be done by providing auring of such metal powder so that when the sheath is formed it will be welded to the body and may be machined to suitable form.
  • Diamonds and tungsten carbide are attacked by ironbased or nickel-based alloys.
  • the W2C tungsten carbide is attacked or dissolved in the binder, and on freezing precipitates a new phase called Eta.
  • This phase is an MsC type carbide, and in the case of nickel binders will have the composition Ni3W3C.
  • Eta phase is more brittle than the original particle.
  • the particle is said to be haloed.
  • the haloed" portion of particle will have a hardness only of about 1,500 kilograms per square millimeter, compared, for example, to 1,950 to 2,100 kilograms per square millimeter (Knoop) for the coretof the particle.
  • Tungsten carbide has been used in the past among other properties because of its high specific gravity, hardness, and high melting point.
  • the bonding metal chosen should be fluid at ythe temperature at which it is desired to employ the molten metal in forming the composite drill structure, for example, below 2,000 F. and desirably should have, when solid, ductility as measured in the terms of microhardness of below about 400 kg/mmZ. Desirably, also, it should have a compressive strength above about 90,000 p;s.i. and an impact strength above about 5 foot pounds.
  • copper-based alloys such as brass and bronze alloys and copper-basedalloys, for example, copper-based alloys containing various amounts of nickel, cobalt, tin, zinc, manganese, iron and silver, east iron, iron-based alloys, nickelbased alloys, for example, nickel-copperaluminasilicon alloy melting below 2,000 C.
  • Cobalt-based, nickel-based, or iron-based alloys are undesirable as metal-bonding agents since in their molten condition they attack tungsten carbide and the diamonds.
  • the inclusion of these metals when used to produce the machinable portion of the drill is avoided in our invention by the encapsulation of the particles of these metals.
  • tungsten carbide but we may employ encapsulated alumina, or encapsulated silicon carbide or encapsulated boron nitride with tungsten carbide or the encapsulated alumina most preferred because of the inherent properties and relatively low cost of alumina, or boron nitride and prefer to employ tungsten as the encapsulating material, deposited under conditions to produce pure tungsten of the crystal form as described herein.
  • the metals whose compounds are listed in Table l may be employed; however, we prefer to employ tungsten as an encapsulating metal because of its particular suitability in the drill of our invention. It gives under the conditions of fabrication according to our invention a coating of exceptionally high strength. It is readily wetted by the molten metal matrixes described above and forms a strong metallurgical bond with the metal matrixes'employed in our invention.
  • FIG. l is a diagrammatic flow sheet of our preferred process of encapsulation.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical section through a mold for use in the infiltrant technique of forming a bit according to our invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial section of one form of drill bit of our invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view partly in section of a modified mold.
  • FIG. 5 is a view partly in section of a modified drill bit of our invention.
  • FIG. l illustrates a flow sheet of our preferred process for producing the novel encapsulated abrasive of our invention.
  • the particles to be coated are placed in the reactor l, whose cap 2 has been removed.
  • the reactor has a perforated bottom to support the particles of selected mesh size.
  • Valve 7 is closed and the system filled with hydrogen from hydrogen storagell, valve 5 being open.
  • the reactor is heated by the furnace 9 to the reaction temperature, for example, from about 1,000o to about 1,200 F. while purging slowly with hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen flow rate is increased until a fluidized bed is established.
  • Hydrogen prior to introduction into the reactor passes through a conventional palladium catalyst to remove any impurities, such as oxygen in the hydrogen.
  • Vaporized metallic compound is discharged from the vaporizing chamber l0, which may if necessary be heated by furnace 14, together with an inert gas, for example, argon from argon storage 6, into the reaction chamber.
  • the reaction forms hydrogen halide, which is passed through the bubble traps and is absorbed in the absorber.
  • the volatile compound employed is a fluoride
  • the product formed is a hydrogen fluoride, and we may use sodium fluoride for that absorption.
  • the reaction deposits metal on the substrate and the effluent material, being in the vapor state, is discharged, leaving no contaminants on or in the metal.
  • the metal is formed in its pure state.
  • the rate of metal deposition depends on the temperature and flow rate of the reactants, being the greater the higher the temperature and the greater the flow rate of the hydrogen and volatile metals compound.
  • valves 4 and 5 are closed and argon is continued to pass into the reactor and the encapsulated abrasive is allowed to cool to room temperature in the non-oxidizing condition of the argon environment.
  • reaction products and the carrier gases and excess hydrogen enter the upper space termed the disengaging space where they are separated from any entrained particles.
  • hydrogen flow is established at a low flow rate of about 100 ml/min; and as described above, the temperatures in the reactor l having been adjusted to l,150 F., as measured by the thermocouples, the hydrogen flow is increased to about 1,250-1 ,350 ml/min, and the flow of the tungsten fluoride vapor to about 150 ml/min and the argon gas is adjusted to about 285 ml/min, all as measured by the flow meters as indicated in FIG. l, the hydrogen being in stoichiometric excess over the tungsten hexafluoride.
  • the thickness of the coat of the tungsten on the particle depends on the duration of the treatment and suitably for the 40 to 50 mesh diamonds described above, the coat will be l mil thick in about 1 hour. Suitable thickness deposit will run from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils thick.
  • the substrate surface is completely coated, indicating that the process of vacuum chemical vapor deposition has great throwing power.
  • the outer surface of the coated particles is topographically congruent to the outer surface of the underlying substrate and reproduces it.
  • the interlocked structure produces a coating of high tensile and bending strength.
  • the preferred embodiment of the surface set drill bit may be. formed in a graphite mold section 18, which is formed with sockets positioned in the interior surface of the mold. Diamond particles 19 are placedin the sockets positioned on the interior surface of the crown end of the mold.
  • Secondary abrasive particles such as tungsten carbide, which may be but need not b'e encapsulated as described above, or, for example, encapsulated alumina particles 17 are introduced into the annulus at the exterior and in the annulus at thc interior of the shank 15. 'lhe layer of the particles 17 in the exterior annulus reaches the level ofthe top of the mold section 18, but thc powder in the interior annulus may, if desired, reach a higher level as shown.
  • tungsten carbide which may be but need not b'e encapsulated as described above, or, for example, encapsulated alumina particles 17 are introduced into the annulus at the exterior and in the annulus at thc interior of the shank 15. 'lhe layer of the particles 17 in the exterior annulus reaches the level ofthe top of the mold section 18, but thc powder in the interior annulus may, if desired, reach a higher level as shown.
  • the mold section l8b is then set over the shank l5 and on the-mold section 18a; and infiltrant metal powder 22, for example, of 200 mesh size such as described above, is introduced into the annulus on the exterior and the annulus at the interior of the shank 15 above the particles 2l and reaching into the space 23.
  • the ratio ofthe metal to the total void volume of the mold is desirably such that when the inflltrant metal melts it may till all of the space between the secondary abrasive particles and cover the exposed diamonds.
  • a temperature of formation which will be below about 2,800 F., in order not to expose the diamonds to an excessive temperature.
  • the binder metal will melt and percolate through the interstices including those in the encapsulated iron particles and those between the abrasive particles and till all of the voids as described above and will also wet the metallic shank. If a metallic coating is placed upon the diamond as well as the secondary abrasive particles, the binder metal will wet the surfaces of the encapsulated particles, thus producing a tight bond to the matrix.
  • the particle sizes of the abrasive particles are chosen to give proper compaction and void area.
  • a particle size through a 30 mesh and on a 60 mesh (-30 -l- 60) is suitable.
  • the tungsten-coated iron powder 2l is used to provide a machinable shoulder which acts as a barrier and cover to the exterior section of the abrasive section 17.
  • Thetungsten envelope of the iron acts to protect the iron metal from escaping because its melting point will be below the temperature at which the mold is fired and could if it reached the unencapsulated diamonds or unencapsulated ytungsten carbideA attack them. It also provides for a machinable mass since the tungsten forms only a thin coat as described above.v
  • the section is beveled as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. This will assure that there is no exterior ledge which would otherwise be formed by the secondary abrasive section which is substantially unworkable to provide for a bevel surface. In the absence of this beveled section, there would be a danger that the drill bit could hang up on the bore wall or be caught on a casing section in which the drill string is to operate.
  • the assembly When the assembly has cooled, it is ⁇ removed from the mold and the section 2l is machined as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the interior box threads can receive the pin and box connector 26 to assemble the drill.
  • the drill is thus composed of a tubular shank 15 carrying a threaded section 28. Bonded to the interior tubular surface and exterior tubular surface of the shank 5l and over its crown end a coating of abrasive particles 17 bonded by a metal matrix in the form shown in FIG. 3, the crown of said bit carries spaced diamonds embedded in said crown and protruding externally therefrom.
  • the encapsulation of the iron with the tungsten will prevent the iron from melting and percolating through the mass to attack the diamond and the tungsten carbide if used.
  • the iron may be any form of the'iron, such as powdered cast iron, steel or other ferrous alloy.
  • a particularly ⁇ useful tungsten carbide when used in either layer 20 or 17 is one ranging from WC having 6.12 wt percent of carbon to W2C having a carbon content about 3.16 wt. percent.
  • a useful material is socalled sintered tungsten carbide and consists of microsized WC crystals and cobalt metal bonded by liquid phase sintering at high temperature. The cobalt content varies from 3 wt. percent to over 25 wt. percent. This material has a hardness of about 1,250 to 1,350 kg/mm2 (Knoop).
  • Another form of eutectic alloy containing about 4 percent by weight of carbon having a hardness in the range of 1,900 to 2,000 kg/mm2 (Knoop) may also be used.
  • the drill described above may also be produced by an impregnation technique by mixing a primary abrasive, for example, diamonds with a secondary abrasive described above, for example, tungsten carbide.
  • a primary abrasive for example, diamonds
  • a secondary abrasive described above, for example, tungsten carbide.
  • the mold section 18a does not contain pockets for insertion of diamonds but is smooth.
  • the mold is the same as the mold shown in FIG. 2.
  • a mixture of the metal-coated secondary abrasive and the primary abrasive, for example, diamonds is introduced in the same manner as is the case of 17 in FIG. 2.
  • the section 18a is then placed in position and the layer 2l introduced.
  • the section l8b is then placed in position and the infiltrant metal 22 is introduced into the space 23 and the cap 24 placed in position. The same procedure is then followed-as described in connection with FIG. 2.
  • the mesh size of the inltrant metal is suitably through a 200 mesh; and in both forms, the metal may be of the kind previously described as suitable for infiltrant purposes.
  • the mesh size of the secondary abrasive particles employed in the form shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 as well as in FIGS. 4 and 5 may be the same, and the size diamond particles employed in the mixture with the secondary abrasive used in forming the layer 26 may be equal to that of the secondary abrasive particles.
  • the quantity of the diamond particles may be that of the secondary abrasive particles.
  • the diamond particles and the secondary abrasive are intimately mixed to produce a uniform distribution.
  • the drill shown in FIG. 3 and also S is composed of a threaded shank l5 having a core 30 to act as the conduit for mud or other drilling fluid.
  • the shank carries the abrasive coating 17 or 26 welded to the shank by the bonding metal which wets the shank at the high temperatures ofthe process.
  • the abrasive coating extends part way along the exterior and interior surface ofthe shank and over the lower end of the shank away from the threaded free end 28, to form the hollow crown end 29 of the drill.
  • FIG. 2 In the form shown in FIG. 2,
  • abrasive coating at the crown end of the drill are a plurality of closely spaced diamonds 19 embedded in and protruding from the crown end. This is termed a surface set diamond drill.
  • the diamonds are not positioned in the crown end but are distributed uniformally throughout the abrasive body carried by the shank, or in a layer adjacent the crown end and the remainder of the abrasive body bonded to the shank.
  • a drill bit comprising a shank, a bore through said shank, the improvement comprising a coat, said coat including abrasive particles, metal matrix bonding said abrasive particles in said coat and bonding said coat to the lower end of said shank, an external ring of metal-encapsulated iron particles bonded in metal to said coat covering the end of said coat on the exterior of said shank and metal bonded to said coat.
  • the drill bit of claim 1 in which the metal encapsulating said iron particles is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (niobium) or molybdenum or titanium.
  • said abrasive particles in said coating are tungsten carbide, or metalencapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulated silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
  • the drill bit of claim 5 in which the metal encapsulating particles in said ring is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (noibium) or molybdenum or titanium.
  • the vdrill of claim 8 in which the metalencapsulating said ring contains iron, or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium, or molybdenum, or titanium.

Abstract

A diamond bit comprising a steel shank coated with abrasive particles, with a ring of tungsten-coated iron particles bonded together in a metal matrix and by metal to the end of the shank.

Description

United States Patent Wilder et al.
[451 Sept.v 1l. 1973 DRILL BITS AND METHODS oF PRoDUCING DRILL I'rs inventors: Arthur G. Wilder; Harold C.
Bridwell, both of Salt Lake City, Utah Assignee: Christensen Diamond Products Company, Salt Lake City, Utah Filed: Aug. 24, 1972 Appl. No.: 283,474
Related U.s. Application Dm Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 219,973, Jan. 24, 1972, and a continuation-impart of Ser. No. 220,351, Jan. 24, 1972, and a continuation-impart of Ser. No. 220,352, Jan. 24, 1972.
U.S. Cl.....";.. 175/329, 175/409 Int. Cl E2lb 9/36 Field of Search 175/329, 330, 409-411 Primary Examner-David H. Brown Attorney-Bernard Kriegel [57] ABSTRACT A diamond bit comprising a steel shank coated with abrasive particles, with a ring of tungsten-coated iron particles bonded together in a metal matrix and by metal to the end of the shank.
13 Claims, S Drawing Figures Q4Lf//.//
mab-- @wf/M DRILL BITS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING DRILL BITS This application is a continuation-in-part of Applications Ser. No. 219,973; 220,351; 220,352 tiled Jan. 24, 1972.
This invention is an improvement on diamond drills in which diamonds are incorporated in the body of or positioned on the surface of an abrader structure in the form of a drill, for example, as may be used for earth boring.
ln the conventional earth-boring drills, a plurality of different abrasive particles are employed. In addition to particles of high hardness values, for example, diamonds which act on the primary abrasive, there is positioned in the continuous phase ofa metal matrix binder a secondary abrasive of lower hardness value.
The purpose of this secondary abrasive particle is to wear away preferentially thus exposing new abrasive faces of the primary abrasive particle.
The abrader structures thus formed are deemed selfsharpening. That is, the matrix including the secondary abrasive wears away preferentially and uniformally exposing new primary abrasive cutting surfaces. This, however, tends to reduce the area of the interfacial sur- -faces between the bonding 'metal of the matrix and the primary and secondary abrasive particles. Where thel bond is weak, the particles are torn out of the metal matrix, causing excessive wear.
ln such a structure, it is conventional to form the abrader body of tungsten carbide to act as the secondary abrasive particle. The diamonds and tungsten carbide are bonded by means of a metal matrix which is formed by percolating molten metal to infiltrate the body of discrete tungsten carbide in a suitable mold to bond the tungsten carbide; if diamonds are also distributed throughout this metal matrix, the mixture of diamonds and tungsten carbide form the mass which is infiltrated by the molten metal. ln another form, the diamonds are positioned in space configuration on the external grinding surface of the drill. These are termed surface set diamond drills.
There are a number of difficulties in forming such drills arising from the nature of the tungsten carbide as the secondary abrasive and the diamonds as the primary abrasive.
One of the problems arising when using tungsten carbide and diamonds in such structures is the restriction which it places on the machinable metal which may be used for the purpose of producing the machinable section of the bit.
The form of the drills includes a hollow steel shank coated at its exterior surfaces and over its end forming the crown end of the drill, with a metal bonded sheath of abrasive particles bonded to the steel shank by the metal.
lt is desirable to cover the end of the metal bonded sheath at its end away from the crown end with a smooth bevel end. Such a structure would have the advantage that the bit when withdrawn from the bore hole would not hang up on a projection in the bore hole or the end of a casing section through which it is to be removedA However, the abrasive sheath is not conveniently machinable.
In order to solve this difficulty, we place a ring of machinable metal such as iron or nickel or alloys of these metals over the end of the abrasive section.
Conveniently, this may be done by providing auring of such metal powder so that when the sheath is formed it will be welded to the body and may be machined to suitable form.
However, since the structure is formed under fusion conditions, there is a danger that the molten machinable metal will invade the body of the sheath and attack the tungsten carbide and diamonds.
Diamonds and tungsten carbide are attacked by ironbased or nickel-based alloys. The W2C tungsten carbide is attacked or dissolved in the binder, and on freezing precipitates a new phase called Eta. This phase is an MsC type carbide, and in the case of nickel binders will have the composition Ni3W3C. Eta phase is more brittle than the original particle. The particle is said to be haloed. The haloed" portion of particle will have a hardness only of about 1,500 kilograms per square millimeter, compared, for example, to 1,950 to 2,100 kilograms per square millimeter (Knoop) for the coretof the particle.
Tungsten carbide has been used in the past among other properties because of its high specific gravity, hardness, and high melting point.
The bonding metal chosen should be fluid at ythe temperature at which it is desired to employ the molten metal in forming the composite drill structure, for example, below 2,000 F. and desirably should have, when solid, ductility as measured in the terms of microhardness of below about 400 kg/mmZ. Desirably, also, it should have a compressive strength above about 90,000 p;s.i. and an impact strength above about 5 foot pounds.
For this purpose, we may use copper-based alloys such as brass and bronze alloys and copper-basedalloys, for example, copper-based alloys containing various amounts of nickel, cobalt, tin, zinc, manganese, iron and silver, east iron, iron-based alloys, nickelbased alloys, for example, nickel-copperaluminasilicon alloy melting below 2,000 C.
We have found that we may use alumina, silicon carbide, boron nitride, and other abrasives as listed in Table l in place of tungsten carbide. The most practical both from point of view of economy and functional suitability are aluminum oxide, boron nitride, and silicon carbide. However, these materials may not be employed when a metal matrix is to be used asa bonding agent. vThe particles are not sufficiently wetted by the molten metal.
We have solved this problem by forming the drill bit by either the conventional procedures, using an abrader body for the bit formed of secondary abrasive such as tungsten carbide employing either the inltrant method to produce a surface set diamond bit or an impregnated bit and forming at the upper end of the abrader body a ring of metal-bonded, metalencapsulated iron or iron alloy. The secondary abrasive as well as the tunsten-eoated iron is bonded with a moltile metal compound at an elevated temperature sufficient to maintain the metal compound in vapor form and contact the vapor with a solid substrate under metal deposition conditions.
While diamonds and the secondary abrasive may be used as the primary abrasive and secondary abrasive in encapsulated form, our invention permits their use in unencapsulated form in the structure of our invention.
Cobalt-based, nickel-based, or iron-based alloys are undesirable as metal-bonding agents since in their molten condition they attack tungsten carbide and the diamonds. The inclusion of these metals when used to produce the machinable portion of the drill is avoided in our invention by the encapsulation of the particles of these metals.
We prefer to use for encapsulation of the abrasive particles and the aforesaid iron particles tunsten, tantalum, niobium (columbium), and molybdenum, and, among the primary abrasive particles, we prefer to employ diamonds, either the natural or synthetic forms; and as secondary abrasive, we may use tungsten carbide but we may employ encapsulated alumina, or encapsulated silicon carbide or encapsulated boron nitride with tungsten carbide or the encapsulated alumina most preferred because of the inherent properties and relatively low cost of alumina, or boron nitride and prefer to employ tungsten as the encapsulating material, deposited under conditions to produce pure tungsten of the crystal form as described herein.
We prefer to employ as a bonding agent a metal having a significantly lower melting point than the metal envelope.
TABLE l BP. C.
at 760 m.m.* Molybdenum Pentachloride [MoCl] 268 Molybdenum Hexafluoride [MoFe] 35 Molybdenum Carbonyl [Mo(CO)a] 156.4 Tungsten Pentabromide [WBr 333 Tungsten Hcxabromide [WBre] 17.5 Tungsten Pentachloride [WCIS] 275.6 Tungsten Hexachloride lWCla] 346.7 Tungsten Carbonyl [W(CO)] 175 at 766 m.m. Tantalum Pcntachloride [TaCL5] 242 Tantalum Pentafluoride [TaF5] 229.5 Titanium Tetraboride [TiB] 230 Titanium Hexafluoride [TiF] 35.5 Titanium Tetrachloride [TiCl4] 136.4 Columbium Pentabromide [CbBr] 361.6 Columbium Pentafluoride [CbF5l 236 Columbium Pentachloride [CbCl5] 236 Unless otherwise indicated When employing encapsulated or unencapsulated diamonds as the primary abrasive particle, we prefer to limit the melting point of the metal matrix to a temperature below about 2,800 F., i.e. l,538 C., in order not to expose the diamonds to excessive temperature which may impair the mechanical strength of the diamonds.
We prefer to employ for the encapsulation of the abrasive particles the reduction of a vapor of the metal compound.
In view of the above consideration, the metals whose compounds are listed in Table l may be employed; however, we prefer to employ tungsten as an encapsulating metal because of its particular suitability in the drill of our invention. It gives under the conditions of fabrication according to our invention a coating of exceptionally high strength. It is readily wetted by the molten metal matrixes described above and forms a strong metallurgical bond with the metal matrixes'employed in our invention.
The invention will be further described by reference to the following figures:
FIG. l is a diagrammatic flow sheet of our preferred process of encapsulation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical section through a mold for use in the infiltrant technique of forming a bit according to our invention.
FIG. 3 is a partial section of one form of drill bit of our invention.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view partly in section of a modified mold.
FIG. 5 is a view partly in section of a modified drill bit of our invention.
FIG. l illustrates a flow sheet of our preferred process for producing the novel encapsulated abrasive of our invention. The particles to be coated are placed in the reactor l, whose cap 2 has been removed. The reactor has a perforated bottom to support the particles of selected mesh size. With cap 2 replaced and the valves 3, 4, 5, and 13 closed, and with valve 7 open, the vacuum pump is started to de-aerate the system. Valve 7 is closed and the system filled with hydrogen from hydrogen storagell, valve 5 being open.
The reactor is heated by the furnace 9 to the reaction temperature, for example, from about 1,000o to about 1,200 F. while purging slowly with hydrogen. The hydrogen flow rate is increased until a fluidized bed is established. Hydrogen prior to introduction into the reactor passes through a conventional palladium catalyst to remove any impurities, such as oxygen in the hydrogen. Vaporized metallic compound is discharged from the vaporizing chamber l0, which may if necessary be heated by furnace 14, together with an inert gas, for example, argon from argon storage 6, into the reaction chamber. v
Preferably we desire to employ the volatile metal halides referred to above, although, in some cases, we may use the carbonyls listed in Table l. Where the halide is employed, the reaction forms hydrogen halide, which is passed through the bubble traps and is absorbed in the absorber. lWhere the volatile compound employed is a fluoride, the product formed is a hydrogen fluoride, and we may use sodium fluoride for that absorption. We prefer to employ hydrogen in stoichiometric excess. i
The reaction deposits metal on the substrate and the effluent material, being in the vapor state, is discharged, leaving no contaminants on or in the metal. The metal is formed in its pure state.
The rate of metal deposition depends on the temperature and flow rate of the reactants, being the greater the higher the temperature and the greater the flow rate of the hydrogen and volatile metals compound.
After the deposit is formed, the valves 4 and 5 are closed and argon is continued to pass into the reactor and the encapsulated abrasive is allowed to cool to room temperature in the non-oxidizing condition of the argon environment.
The conditions in the reactor, both because of the mesh size and particle size distribution of the particles and because of the velocity of the vapors and gases fluidizes the particles. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, a dense phase is established in the lower part of the reactor in which the particles are more or less uniformally distributed in violent agitation in the dense phase. This results ina substantially uniform deposit per unit of surface of the particles.
The reaction products and the carrier gases and excess hydrogen enter the upper space termed the disengaging space where they are separated from any entrained particles.
For purposes of illustration, not as limitations of our invention, the following examples are illustrative of the process of depositing a metal sheath upon a substrate.
rThe actual mesh size employed depends upon the service to which the abrader is to be placed. We may use iron particles of size (Tyler mesh) through a 16 and on a 400 mesh (-16 -l- 400). Preferably we employ 30 to 100 mesh material, for example, -30 60 mesh. In depositing tungsten, we may and prefer to employ tungsten hexafluoride, which is contained and vaporized in 10. lt is volatile at atmospheric temperatures and need not be heated. In the reactor employed after the system has been deaerated and backfilled, hydrogen flow is established at a low flow rate of about 100 ml/min; and as described above, the temperatures in the reactor l having been adjusted to l,150 F., as measured by the thermocouples, the hydrogen flow is increased to about 1,250-1 ,350 ml/min, and the flow of the tungsten fluoride vapor to about 150 ml/min and the argon gas is adjusted to about 285 ml/min, all as measured by the flow meters as indicated in FIG. l, the hydrogen being in stoichiometric excess over the tungsten hexafluoride.
The thickness of the coat of the tungsten on the particle depends on the duration of the treatment and suitably for the 40 to 50 mesh diamonds described above, the coat will be l mil thick in about 1 hour. Suitable thickness deposit will run from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils thick.
In the above example, the substrate surface is completely coated, indicating that the process of vacuum chemical vapor deposition has great throwing power. The outer surface of the coated particles is topographically congruent to the outer surface of the underlying substrate and reproduces it. The interlocked structure produces a coating of high tensile and bending strength.
The preferred embodiment of the surface set drill bit, as illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, may be. formed in a graphite mold section 18, which is formed with sockets positioned in the interior surface of the mold. Diamond particles 19 are placedin the sockets positioned on the interior surface of the crown end of the mold.
With mold cap 24', section l8b and 18a removed and core 25 with vent holes 26 in position, a layer 20 of particles of tungsten carbide, such as described above, is placed in the mold 18 to cover the protruding diamonds and vibrated in position to compact the powder.
'I'he threaded steel shank 15 is then placed over the mold above the powder 20, spaced from the surface of the mold 18, and held in position with a suitable fixture not shown.
Secondary abrasive particles, such as tungsten carbide, which may be but need not b'e encapsulated as described above, or, for example, encapsulated alumina particles 17 are introduced into the annulus at the exterior and in the annulus at thc interior of the shank 15. 'lhe layer of the particles 17 in the exterior annulus reaches the level ofthe top of the mold section 18, but thc powder in the interior annulus may, if desired, reach a higher level as shown.
'Ihc mold section 18a is then placed over the shank l5 and on the mold section 18. A ring of tungstencoated iron particles 2l is placed in the exterior annulus over the particle section 17.
The mold section l8b is then set over the shank l5 and on the-mold section 18a; and infiltrant metal powder 22, for example, of 200 mesh size such as described above, is introduced into the annulus on the exterior and the annulus at the interior of the shank 15 above the particles 2l and reaching into the space 23.
The ratio ofthe metal to the total void volume of the mold is desirably such that when the inflltrant metal melts it may till all of the space between the secondary abrasive particles and cover the exposed diamonds.
As previously described, in carrying out this procedure, we wish to select a temperature of formation which will be below about 2,800 F., in order not to expose the diamonds to an excessive temperature. The binder metal will melt and percolate through the interstices including those in the encapsulated iron particles and those between the abrasive particles and till all of the voids as described above and will also wet the metallic shank. If a metallic coating is placed upon the diamond as well as the secondary abrasive particles, the binder metal will wet the surfaces of the encapsulated particles, thus producing a tight bond to the matrix.
The particle sizes of the abrasive particles are chosen to give proper compaction and void area. A particle size through a 30 mesh and on a 60 mesh (-30 -l- 60) is suitable.
The tungsten-coated iron powder 2l is used to provide a machinable shoulder which acts as a barrier and cover to the exterior section of the abrasive section 17.
Thetungsten envelope of the iron acts to protect the iron metal from escaping because its melting point will be below the temperature at which the mold is fired and could if it reached the unencapsulated diamonds or unencapsulated ytungsten carbideA attack them. It also provides for a machinable mass since the tungsten forms only a thin coat as described above.v
The section is beveled as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. This will assure that there is no exterior ledge which would otherwise be formed by the secondary abrasive section which is substantially unworkable to provide for a bevel surface. In the absence of this beveled section, there would be a danger that the drill bit could hang up on the bore wall or be caught on a casing section in which the drill string is to operate.
When the assembly has cooled, it is` removed from the mold and the section 2l is machined as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the interior box threads can receive the pin and box connector 26 to assemble the drill.
The drill is thus composed of a tubular shank 15 carrying a threaded section 28. Bonded to the interior tubular surface and exterior tubular surface of the shank 5l and over its crown end a coating of abrasive particles 17 bonded by a metal matrix in the form shown in FIG. 3, the crown of said bit carries spaced diamonds embedded in said crown and protruding externally therefrom.
The encapsulation of the iron with the tungsten will prevent the iron from melting and percolating through the mass to attack the diamond and the tungsten carbide if used.
It will be understood that the iron may be any form of the'iron, such as powdered cast iron, steel or other ferrous alloy. l
A particularly `useful tungsten carbide when used in either layer 20 or 17 is one ranging from WC having 6.12 wt percent of carbon to W2C having a carbon content about 3.16 wt. percent. A useful material is socalled sintered tungsten carbide and consists of microsized WC crystals and cobalt metal bonded by liquid phase sintering at high temperature. The cobalt content varies from 3 wt. percent to over 25 wt. percent. This material has a hardness of about 1,250 to 1,350 kg/mm2 (Knoop). Another form of eutectic alloy containing about 4 percent by weight of carbon having a hardness in the range of 1,900 to 2,000 kg/mm2 (Knoop) may also be used.
The drill described above may also be produced by an impregnation technique by mixing a primary abrasive, for example, diamonds with a secondary abrasive described above, for example, tungsten carbide.
In this case, the mold section 18a does not contain pockets for insertion of diamonds but is smooth. In all other respects, the mold is the same as the mold shown in FIG. 2. With the shank 15 and core 25 in position in section 18, a mixture of the metal-coated secondary abrasive and the primary abrasive, for example, diamonds is introduced in the same manner as is the case of 17 in FIG. 2. This forms a layer 26 extending part way up the exterior annulus of l and to a higher level in the annulus in the interior side of l5.
The section 18a is then placed in position and the layer 2l introduced. The section l8b is then placed in position and the infiltrant metal 22 is introduced into the space 23 and the cap 24 placed in position. The same procedure is then followed-as described in connection with FIG. 2.
The mesh size of the inltrant metal is suitably through a 200 mesh; and in both forms, the metal may be of the kind previously described as suitable for infiltrant purposes.
The mesh size of the secondary abrasive particles employed in the form shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 as well as in FIGS. 4 and 5 may be the same, and the size diamond particles employed in the mixture with the secondary abrasive used in forming the layer 26 may be equal to that of the secondary abrasive particles. The quantity of the diamond particles may be that of the secondary abrasive particles. The diamond particles and the secondary abrasive are intimately mixed to produce a uniform distribution.
Instead of employing a mixture of diamonds and secondary abrasive to form the entire layer shown at 26, we may proceed as in the case of the form described in connection with 2 and 5 employ an initial crown layer formed of the mixture of diamonds and secondary abrasive particle described for forming the crown layer 20 in FIG. 2. We may then introduce on top of the crown layer thc material 17 and the layer of tungstencoated iron as described in connection with FIG. 2 and complete the operation as described for the formation of the drill in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3.
The drill shown in FIG. 3 and also S is composed of a threaded shank l5 having a core 30 to act as the conduit for mud or other drilling fluid. The shank carries the abrasive coating 17 or 26 welded to the shank by the bonding metal which wets the shank at the high temperatures ofthe process. The abrasive coating extends part way along the exterior and interior surface ofthe shank and over the lower end of the shank away from the threaded free end 28, to form the hollow crown end 29 of the drill. In the form shown in FIG. 2,
embedded in the abrasive coating at the crown end of the drill are a plurality of closely spaced diamonds 19 embedded in and protruding from the crown end. This is termed a surface set diamond drill.
Where the impregnated type of drill shown in FIG. 5
is formed, the diamonds are not positioned in the crown end but are distributed uniformally throughout the abrasive body carried by the shank, or in a layer adjacent the crown end and the remainder of the abrasive body bonded to the shank.
We claim:
l. ln a drill bit comprising a shank, a bore through said shank, the improvement comprising a coat, said coat including abrasive particles, metal matrix bonding said abrasive particles in said coat and bonding said coat to the lower end of said shank, an external ring of metal-encapsulated iron particles bonded in metal to said coat covering the end of said coat on the exterior of said shank and metal bonded to said coat.
2. The drill bit of claim 1 in which the metal encapsulating said iron particles is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (niobium) or molybdenum or titanium.
3. In the drill bit of claim 2, said abrasive particles in said coating are tungsten carbide, or metalencapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulated silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
4. In the drill bit of claim 3 in which the ring is metalbonded tungsten-coated iron or iron-based alloy.
S. The drill bit of claim l in which said coat extends over the crown end of said shank and in which diamond particles are surface set in said end, in space configuration over the said end surface forming the crown of said bit.
6. The drill bit of claim 5 in which the metal encapsulating particles in said ring is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (noibium) or molybdenum or titanium.
7. The drill of claim 5 in which the ring contains metal-bonded tungsten-encapsulated iron, or iron-based alloy.
8. The drill of claim l in which the coat extends over the crown end of said shank and at said crown end contains a metal-bonded mixture of diamond particles and particles of tungsten carbide, or metal-encapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulated silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
9. The vdrill of claim 8 in which the metalencapsulating said ring contains iron, or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium, or molybdenum, or titanium.
l0. In the drill bit of claim 8 in which the ring contains iron or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten.
ll. The drill of claim l in which said coat extends over the crown end and contains a mixture of diamond particles and tungsten carbide particles and said coat above said crown is substantially free of diamond partcles and contains tungsten carbide, or metalencapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulated silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
l2. The bit of claim ll in which said encapsulating metal in the particles of metal in said ring is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (niobium), or molybdenum, or titanium.
13. The drill of claim ll in which the ring contains iron or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten.

Claims (12)

  1. 2. The drill bit of claim 1 in which the metal encapsulating said iron particles is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (niobium) or molybdenum or titanium.
  2. 3. In the drill bit of claim 2, said abrasive particles in said coating are tungsten carbide, or metal-encapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulated silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
  3. 4. In the drill bit of claim 3 in which the ring is metal-bonded tungsten-coated iron or iron-based alloy.
  4. 5. The drill bit of claim 1 in which said coat extends over the crown end of said shank and in which diamond particles are surface set in said end, in space configuration over the said end surface forming the crown of said bit.
  5. 6. The drill bit of claim 5 in which the metal encapsulating particles in said ring is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (noibium) or molybdenum or titanium.
  6. 7. The drill of claim 5 in which the ring contains metal-bonded tungsten-encapsulated iron, or iron-based alloy.
  7. 8. The drill of claim 1 in which the coat extends over the crown end of said shank and at said crown end contains a metal-bonded mixture of diamond particles and particles of tungsten carbide, or metal-encapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulated silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
  8. 9. The drill of claim 8 in which the metal-encapsulating said ring contains iron, or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium, or molybdenum, or titanium.
  9. 10. In the drill bit of claim 8 in which the ring contains iron or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten.
  10. 11. The drill of claim 1 in which said coat extends over the crown end and contains a mixture of diamond particles and tungsten carbide particles and said coat above said crown is substantially free of diamond particles and contains tungsten carbide, or metal-encapsulated alumina, or metal-encapsulaTed silicon carbide, or metal-encapsulated boron nitride.
  11. 12. The bit of claim 11 in which said encapsulating metal in the particles of metal in said ring is tungsten, or tantalum, or columbium (niobium), or molybdenum, or titanium.
  12. 13. The drill of claim 11 in which the ring contains iron or iron-based alloy encapsulated with tungsten.
US00283474A 1972-08-24 1972-08-24 Drill bits and methods of producing drill bits Expired - Lifetime US3757879A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28347472A 1972-08-24 1972-08-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3757879A true US3757879A (en) 1973-09-11

Family

ID=23086233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00283474A Expired - Lifetime US3757879A (en) 1972-08-24 1972-08-24 Drill bits and methods of producing drill bits

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3757879A (en)

Cited By (81)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885637A (en) * 1973-01-03 1975-05-27 Vladimir Ivanovich Veprintsev Boring tools and method of manufacturing the same
US4156329A (en) * 1977-05-13 1979-05-29 General Electric Company Method for fabricating a rotary drill bit and composite compact cutters therefor
US4225322A (en) * 1978-01-10 1980-09-30 General Electric Company Composite compact components fabricated with high temperature brazing filler metal and method for making same
US4365679A (en) * 1980-12-02 1982-12-28 Skf Engineering And Research Centre, B.V. Drill bit
US4667756A (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-05-26 Hughes Tool Company-Usa Matrix bit with extended blades
EP0312487A1 (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-04-19 Eastman Teleco Company Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material
US4884477A (en) * 1988-03-31 1989-12-05 Eastman Christensen Company Rotary drill bit with abrasion and erosion resistant facing
US5011514A (en) * 1988-07-29 1991-04-30 Norton Company Cemented and cemented/sintered superabrasive polycrystalline bodies and methods of manufacture thereof
US5062865A (en) * 1987-12-04 1991-11-05 Norton Company Chemically bonded superabrasive grit
US5090491A (en) * 1987-10-13 1992-02-25 Eastman Christensen Company Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material
US5154245A (en) * 1990-04-19 1992-10-13 Sandvik Ab Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling
US5217081A (en) * 1990-06-15 1993-06-08 Sandvik Ab Tools for cutting rock drilling
EP0546523A1 (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring drill bit with enlarged junk slots
US5264283A (en) * 1990-10-11 1993-11-23 Sandvik Ab Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications
US5335738A (en) * 1990-06-15 1994-08-09 Sandvik Ab Tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling provided with a diamond layer
US5358026A (en) * 1988-08-02 1994-10-25 Simpson Neil A A Investment casting process
US5417475A (en) * 1992-08-19 1995-05-23 Sandvik Ab Tool comprised of a holder body and a hard insert and method of using same
US5837071A (en) * 1993-11-03 1998-11-17 Sandvik Ab Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same
US5839329A (en) * 1994-03-16 1998-11-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies
US5947214A (en) * 1997-03-21 1999-09-07 Baker Hughes Incorporated BIT torque limiting device
US5957006A (en) * 1994-03-16 1999-09-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Fabrication method for rotary bits and bit components
US6073518A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-06-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit manufacturing method
US6082461A (en) * 1996-07-03 2000-07-04 Ctes, L.C. Bore tractor system
US6200514B1 (en) 1999-02-09 2001-03-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Process of making a bit body and mold therefor
US6209420B1 (en) 1994-03-16 2001-04-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method of manufacturing bits, bit components and other articles of manufacture
US6220117B1 (en) 1998-08-18 2001-04-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of high temperature infiltration of drill bits and infiltrating binder
US6454030B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2002-09-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drill bits and other articles of manufacture including a layer-manufactured shell integrally secured to a cast structure and methods of fabricating same
US20040245022A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2004-12-09 Izaguirre Saul N. Bonding of cutters in diamond drill bits
US20050126334A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-16 Mirchandani Prakash K. Hybrid cemented carbide composites
WO2005106183A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Tdy Industries, Inc. Earth-boring bits
US20060032335A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-02-16 Kembaiyan Kumar T Bit body formed of multiple matrix materials and method for making the same
US20060231293A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-19 Ladi Ram L Matrix drill bits and method of manufacture
US20070042217A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-02-22 Fang X D Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same
US20070056777A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Overstreet James L Composite materials including nickel-based matrix materials and hard particles, tools including such materials, and methods of using such materials
US20070056776A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Overstreet James L Abrasive wear-resistant materials, drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear-resistant materials, methods for applying abrasive wear-resistant materials to drill bits and drilling tools, and methods for securing cutting elements to a drill bit
US20070102199A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-10 Smith Redd H Earth-boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth-boring rotary drill bits having particle-matrix composite bit bodies
US20070246588A1 (en) * 2004-05-31 2007-10-25 Hong-Soon Hur Distribution structure, vertical shaft impact crusher having the distribution structure and method of fabricating the distribution structure
US20080073125A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2008-03-27 Eason Jimmy W Abrasive wear resistant hardfacing materials, drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear resistant hardfacing materials, and methods for applying abrasive wear resistant hardfacing materials to drill bits and drilling tools
US20080083568A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-04-10 Overstreet James L Methods for applying wear-resistant material to exterior surfaces of earth-boring tools and resulting structures
US20080128176A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2008-06-05 Heeman Choe Silicon carbide composite materials, earth-boring tools comprising such materials, and methods for forming the same
US20080135305A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2008-06-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Displacement members and methods of using such displacement members to form bit bodies of earth-boring rotary drill bits
US20080202814A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Lyons Nicholas J Earth-boring tools and cutter assemblies having a cutting element co-sintered with a cone structure, methods of using the same
US7513320B2 (en) 2004-12-16 2009-04-07 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cemented carbide inserts for earth-boring bits
US20090308662A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Lyons Nicholas J Method of selectively adapting material properties across a rock bit cone
US20100000798A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 Patel Suresh G Method to reduce carbide erosion of pdc cutter
US20100006345A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Stevens John H Infiltrated, machined carbide drill bit body
US7703556B2 (en) 2008-06-04 2010-04-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring tool including a load-bearing joint and tools formed by such methods
US20100193255A1 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-08-05 Stevens John H Earth-boring metal matrix rotary drill bit
US7775287B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2010-08-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring drilling tool, and tools formed by such methods
US7784567B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2010-08-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies comprising reinforced titanium or titanium-based alloy matrix materials, and methods for forming such bits
US7802495B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2010-09-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring rotary drill bits
US7841259B2 (en) 2006-12-27 2010-11-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming bit bodies
US20100303566A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-12-02 Tdy Industries, Inc. Composite Articles
US20100307838A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods systems and compositions for manufacturing downhole tools and downhole tool parts
US7913779B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2011-03-29 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies having boron carbide particles in aluminum or aluminum-based alloy matrix materials, and methods for forming such bits
US8002052B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2011-08-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Particle-matrix composite drill bits with hardfacing
US8007922B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2011-08-30 Tdy Industries, Inc Articles having improved resistance to thermal cracking
US8025112B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2011-09-27 Tdy Industries, Inc. Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide
US8221517B2 (en) 2008-06-02 2012-07-17 TDY Industries, LLC Cemented carbide—metallic alloy composites
US8272816B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2012-09-25 TDY Industries, LLC Composite cemented carbide rotary cutting tools and rotary cutting tool blanks
US8308096B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2012-11-13 TDY Industries, LLC Reinforced roll and method of making same
US8312941B2 (en) 2006-04-27 2012-11-20 TDY Industries, LLC Modular fixed cutter earth-boring bits, modular fixed cutter earth-boring bit bodies, and related methods
US8318063B2 (en) 2005-06-27 2012-11-27 TDY Industries, LLC Injection molding fabrication method
US8322465B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-12-04 TDY Industries, LLC Earth-boring bit parts including hybrid cemented carbides and methods of making the same
US8440314B2 (en) 2009-08-25 2013-05-14 TDY Industries, LLC Coated cutting tools having a platinum group metal concentration gradient and related processes
US8490674B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2013-07-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools
US8512882B2 (en) 2007-02-19 2013-08-20 TDY Industries, LLC Carbide cutting insert
US8770324B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2014-07-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools including sinterbonded components and partially formed tools configured to be sinterbonded
US8790439B2 (en) 2008-06-02 2014-07-29 Kennametal Inc. Composite sintered powder metal articles
US8800848B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2014-08-12 Kennametal Inc. Methods of forming wear resistant layers on metallic surfaces
US8905117B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2014-12-09 Baker Hughes Incoporated Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools, and articles formed by such methods
US8978734B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-03-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools, and articles formed by such methods
US9016406B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2015-04-28 Kennametal Inc. Cutting inserts for earth-boring bits
US9428822B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2016-08-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools and components thereof including material having hard phase in a metallic binder, and metallic binder compositions for use in forming such tools and components
US20170107764A1 (en) * 2015-04-24 2017-04-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Mesoscale reinforcement of metal matrix composites
US9643236B2 (en) 2009-11-11 2017-05-09 Landis Solutions Llc Thread rolling die and method of making same
US9987675B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2018-06-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Manufacture of well tools with matrix materials
US10221894B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2019-03-05 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Universal joint
US10337261B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-07-02 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Universal joint
US10508493B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2019-12-17 Ulterra Drilling Technologies Universal joint
US10619678B2 (en) 2015-05-22 2020-04-14 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Universal joint

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2125332A (en) * 1937-04-05 1938-08-02 Firm Morehead Bursell Bit casting means, method, and article
US2174980A (en) * 1939-01-12 1939-10-03 J K Smit & Sons Inc Diamond bit
US2511991A (en) * 1948-02-13 1950-06-20 Nussbaum Leon Rotary drilling tool
US2582231A (en) * 1949-02-05 1952-01-15 Wheel Trueing Tool Co Abrasive tool and method of making same
US2712988A (en) * 1949-06-01 1955-07-12 Kurtz Jacob Industrial drilling tools
US2833520A (en) * 1957-01-07 1958-05-06 Robert G Owen Annular mill for use in oil wells
US3145790A (en) * 1963-06-10 1964-08-25 Jersey Prod Res Co Drag bit
US3537538A (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-11-03 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Impregnated diamond bit

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2125332A (en) * 1937-04-05 1938-08-02 Firm Morehead Bursell Bit casting means, method, and article
US2174980A (en) * 1939-01-12 1939-10-03 J K Smit & Sons Inc Diamond bit
US2511991A (en) * 1948-02-13 1950-06-20 Nussbaum Leon Rotary drilling tool
US2582231A (en) * 1949-02-05 1952-01-15 Wheel Trueing Tool Co Abrasive tool and method of making same
US2712988A (en) * 1949-06-01 1955-07-12 Kurtz Jacob Industrial drilling tools
US2833520A (en) * 1957-01-07 1958-05-06 Robert G Owen Annular mill for use in oil wells
US3145790A (en) * 1963-06-10 1964-08-25 Jersey Prod Res Co Drag bit
US3537538A (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-11-03 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Impregnated diamond bit

Cited By (162)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885637A (en) * 1973-01-03 1975-05-27 Vladimir Ivanovich Veprintsev Boring tools and method of manufacturing the same
US4156329A (en) * 1977-05-13 1979-05-29 General Electric Company Method for fabricating a rotary drill bit and composite compact cutters therefor
US4225322A (en) * 1978-01-10 1980-09-30 General Electric Company Composite compact components fabricated with high temperature brazing filler metal and method for making same
US4365679A (en) * 1980-12-02 1982-12-28 Skf Engineering And Research Centre, B.V. Drill bit
US4667756A (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-05-26 Hughes Tool Company-Usa Matrix bit with extended blades
EP0312487A1 (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-04-19 Eastman Teleco Company Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material
US5090491A (en) * 1987-10-13 1992-02-25 Eastman Christensen Company Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material
US5062865A (en) * 1987-12-04 1991-11-05 Norton Company Chemically bonded superabrasive grit
US4884477A (en) * 1988-03-31 1989-12-05 Eastman Christensen Company Rotary drill bit with abrasion and erosion resistant facing
US5011514A (en) * 1988-07-29 1991-04-30 Norton Company Cemented and cemented/sintered superabrasive polycrystalline bodies and methods of manufacture thereof
US5358026A (en) * 1988-08-02 1994-10-25 Simpson Neil A A Investment casting process
US5154245A (en) * 1990-04-19 1992-10-13 Sandvik Ab Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling
US5217081A (en) * 1990-06-15 1993-06-08 Sandvik Ab Tools for cutting rock drilling
US5335738A (en) * 1990-06-15 1994-08-09 Sandvik Ab Tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling provided with a diamond layer
US5496638A (en) * 1990-10-11 1996-03-05 Sandvik Ab Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications
US5264283A (en) * 1990-10-11 1993-11-23 Sandvik Ab Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications
US5624068A (en) * 1990-10-11 1997-04-29 Sandvik Ab Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications
US5284215A (en) * 1991-12-10 1994-02-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring drill bit with enlarged junk slots
EP0546523A1 (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring drill bit with enlarged junk slots
US5417475A (en) * 1992-08-19 1995-05-23 Sandvik Ab Tool comprised of a holder body and a hard insert and method of using same
US5837071A (en) * 1993-11-03 1998-11-17 Sandvik Ab Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same
US6051079A (en) * 1993-11-03 2000-04-18 Sandvik Ab Diamond coated cutting tool insert
US6209420B1 (en) 1994-03-16 2001-04-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method of manufacturing bits, bit components and other articles of manufacture
US5839329A (en) * 1994-03-16 1998-11-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies
US5957006A (en) * 1994-03-16 1999-09-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Fabrication method for rotary bits and bit components
US6581671B2 (en) 1994-03-16 2003-06-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated System for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies
US6354362B1 (en) 1994-03-16 2002-03-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies
US6082461A (en) * 1996-07-03 2000-07-04 Ctes, L.C. Bore tractor system
US6073518A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-06-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit manufacturing method
US6089123A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-07-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Structure for use in drilling a subterranean formation
US6182774B1 (en) 1997-03-21 2001-02-06 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit torque limiting device
US6594881B2 (en) 1997-03-21 2003-07-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit torque limiting device
US6325163B2 (en) 1997-03-21 2001-12-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit torque limiting device
US5947214A (en) * 1997-03-21 1999-09-07 Baker Hughes Incorporated BIT torque limiting device
US6357538B2 (en) 1997-03-21 2002-03-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit torque limiting device
US6220117B1 (en) 1998-08-18 2001-04-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of high temperature infiltration of drill bits and infiltrating binder
US6454030B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2002-09-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drill bits and other articles of manufacture including a layer-manufactured shell integrally secured to a cast structure and methods of fabricating same
US6655481B2 (en) 1999-01-25 2003-12-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods for fabricating drill bits, including assembling a bit crown and a bit body material and integrally securing the bit crown and bit body material to one another
US6200514B1 (en) 1999-02-09 2001-03-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Process of making a bit body and mold therefor
US7997358B2 (en) 2003-06-05 2011-08-16 Smith International, Inc. Bonding of cutters in diamond drill bits
US20040245022A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2004-12-09 Izaguirre Saul N. Bonding of cutters in diamond drill bits
US7625521B2 (en) 2003-06-05 2009-12-01 Smith International, Inc. Bonding of cutters in drill bits
US20060032335A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-02-16 Kembaiyan Kumar T Bit body formed of multiple matrix materials and method for making the same
US8109177B2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2012-02-07 Smith International, Inc. Bit body formed of multiple matrix materials and method for making the same
US7384443B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2008-06-10 Tdy Industries, Inc. Hybrid cemented carbide composites
US20050126334A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-16 Mirchandani Prakash K. Hybrid cemented carbide composites
US8403080B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2013-03-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools and components thereof including material having hard phase in a metallic binder, and metallic binder compositions for use in forming such tools and components
US8007714B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2011-08-30 Tdy Industries, Inc. Earth-boring bits
US8087324B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2012-01-03 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cast cones and other components for earth-boring tools and related methods
US7954569B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2011-06-07 Tdy Industries, Inc. Earth-boring bits
US8172914B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2012-05-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Infiltration of hard particles with molten liquid binders including melting point reducing constituents, and methods of casting bodies of earth-boring tools
US9428822B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2016-08-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools and components thereof including material having hard phase in a metallic binder, and metallic binder compositions for use in forming such tools and components
WO2005106183A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Tdy Industries, Inc. Earth-boring bits
US10167673B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2019-01-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools and methods of forming tools including hard particles in a binder
US20080163723A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-07-10 Tdy Industries Inc. Earth-boring bits
US20080302576A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-12-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring bits
US20070246588A1 (en) * 2004-05-31 2007-10-25 Hong-Soon Hur Distribution structure, vertical shaft impact crusher having the distribution structure and method of fabricating the distribution structure
US7513320B2 (en) 2004-12-16 2009-04-07 Tdy Industries, Inc. Cemented carbide inserts for earth-boring bits
US20080127781A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2008-06-05 Ladi Ram L Matrix drill bits and method of manufacture
US7398840B2 (en) 2005-04-14 2008-07-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Matrix drill bits and method of manufacture
US20100288821A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2010-11-18 Ladi Ram L Matrix Drill Bits and Method of Manufacture
US20060231293A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-19 Ladi Ram L Matrix drill bits and method of manufacture
US7784381B2 (en) 2005-04-14 2010-08-31 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Matrix drill bits and method of manufacture
US8808591B2 (en) 2005-06-27 2014-08-19 Kennametal Inc. Coextrusion fabrication method
US8318063B2 (en) 2005-06-27 2012-11-27 TDY Industries, LLC Injection molding fabrication method
US8637127B2 (en) 2005-06-27 2014-01-28 Kennametal Inc. Composite article with coolant channels and tool fabrication method
US7687156B2 (en) 2005-08-18 2010-03-30 Tdy Industries, Inc. Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same
US8647561B2 (en) 2005-08-18 2014-02-11 Kennametal Inc. Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same
US20070042217A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-02-22 Fang X D Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same
US20100132265A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2010-06-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Abrasive wear-resistant materials, methods for applying such materials to earth-boring tools, and methods of securing a cutting element to an earth-boring tool using such materials
US9200485B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2015-12-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods for applying abrasive wear-resistant materials to a surface of a drill bit
US7703555B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2010-04-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drilling tools having hardfacing with nickel-based matrix materials and hard particles
US20070056777A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Overstreet James L Composite materials including nickel-based matrix materials and hard particles, tools including such materials, and methods of using such materials
US9506297B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2016-11-29 Baker Hughes Incorporated Abrasive wear-resistant materials and earth-boring tools comprising such materials
US20070056776A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Overstreet James L Abrasive wear-resistant materials, drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear-resistant materials, methods for applying abrasive wear-resistant materials to drill bits and drilling tools, and methods for securing cutting elements to a drill bit
US8002052B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2011-08-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Particle-matrix composite drill bits with hardfacing
US7997359B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2011-08-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Abrasive wear-resistant hardfacing materials, drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear-resistant hardfacing materials
US8758462B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2014-06-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods for applying abrasive wear-resistant materials to earth-boring tools and methods for securing cutting elements to earth-boring tools
US20110138695A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2011-06-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods for applying abrasive wear resistant materials to a surface of a drill bit
US8388723B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2013-03-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Abrasive wear-resistant materials, methods for applying such materials to earth-boring tools, and methods of securing a cutting element to an earth-boring tool using such materials
US20080073125A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2008-03-27 Eason Jimmy W Abrasive wear resistant hardfacing materials, drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear resistant hardfacing materials, and methods for applying abrasive wear resistant hardfacing materials to drill bits and drilling tools
US7597159B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2009-10-06 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear-resistant materials
US7913779B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2011-03-29 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies having boron carbide particles in aluminum or aluminum-based alloy matrix materials, and methods for forming such bits
US20080128176A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2008-06-05 Heeman Choe Silicon carbide composite materials, earth-boring tools comprising such materials, and methods for forming the same
US20100326739A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2010-12-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools comprising silicon carbide composite materials, and methods of forming same
US8230762B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2012-07-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies having boron carbide particles in aluminum or aluminum-based alloy matrix materials
US20110094341A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2011-04-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies comprising reinforced titanium or titanium based alloy matrix materials
US8309018B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2012-11-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth-boring rotary drill bits having particle-matrix composite bit bodies
CN101356031B (en) * 2005-11-10 2011-06-15 贝克休斯公司 Earth-boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth-boring rotary drill bits having particle-matrix composite bit bodies
US20110142707A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2011-06-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies having boron carbide particles in aluminum or aluminum based alloy matrix materials
US20100276205A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring rotary drill bits
US20100263935A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2010-10-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth boring rotary drill bits having particle matrix composite bit bodies
WO2007058904A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth-boring rotary drill bits having particle-matrix composite bit bodies
US7807099B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2010-10-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for forming earth-boring tools comprising silicon carbide composite materials
US7802495B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2010-09-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring rotary drill bits
US20070102199A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-10 Smith Redd H Earth-boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth-boring rotary drill bits having particle-matrix composite bit bodies
US9700991B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2017-07-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring tools including sinterbonded components
US9192989B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2015-11-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring tools including sinterbonded components
US8074750B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2011-12-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools comprising silicon carbide composite materials, and methods of forming same
US7784567B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2010-08-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies comprising reinforced titanium or titanium-based alloy matrix materials, and methods for forming such bits
US7776256B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2010-08-17 Baker Huges Incorporated Earth-boring rotary drill bits and methods of manufacturing earth-boring rotary drill bits having particle-matrix composite bit bodies
US8789625B2 (en) 2006-04-27 2014-07-29 Kennametal Inc. Modular fixed cutter earth-boring bits, modular fixed cutter earth-boring bit bodies, and related methods
US8312941B2 (en) 2006-04-27 2012-11-20 TDY Industries, LLC Modular fixed cutter earth-boring bits, modular fixed cutter earth-boring bit bodies, and related methods
US8104550B2 (en) 2006-08-30 2012-01-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods for applying wear-resistant material to exterior surfaces of earth-boring tools and resulting structures
US20080083568A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-04-10 Overstreet James L Methods for applying wear-resistant material to exterior surfaces of earth-boring tools and resulting structures
US8697258B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2014-04-15 Kennametal Inc. Articles having improved resistance to thermal cracking
US8007922B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2011-08-30 Tdy Industries, Inc Articles having improved resistance to thermal cracking
US8841005B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2014-09-23 Kennametal Inc. Articles having improved resistance to thermal cracking
US20080135305A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2008-06-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Displacement members and methods of using such displacement members to form bit bodies of earth-boring rotary drill bits
US8272295B2 (en) 2006-12-07 2012-09-25 Baker Hughes Incorporated Displacement members and intermediate structures for use in forming at least a portion of bit bodies of earth-boring rotary drill bits
US7775287B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2010-08-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring drilling tool, and tools formed by such methods
US7841259B2 (en) 2006-12-27 2010-11-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming bit bodies
US8176812B2 (en) 2006-12-27 2012-05-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming bodies of earth-boring tools
US8512882B2 (en) 2007-02-19 2013-08-20 TDY Industries, LLC Carbide cutting insert
US20080202814A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Lyons Nicholas J Earth-boring tools and cutter assemblies having a cutting element co-sintered with a cone structure, methods of using the same
US7846551B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2010-12-07 Tdy Industries, Inc. Composite articles
US8137816B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2012-03-20 Tdy Industries, Inc. Composite articles
US20100303566A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-12-02 Tdy Industries, Inc. Composite Articles
US8790439B2 (en) 2008-06-02 2014-07-29 Kennametal Inc. Composite sintered powder metal articles
US8221517B2 (en) 2008-06-02 2012-07-17 TDY Industries, LLC Cemented carbide—metallic alloy composites
US7703556B2 (en) 2008-06-04 2010-04-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring tool including a load-bearing joint and tools formed by such methods
US9163461B2 (en) 2008-06-04 2015-10-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring tool including a load-bearing joint and tools formed by such methods
US8746373B2 (en) 2008-06-04 2014-06-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring tool including a load-bearing joint and tools formed by such methods
US20110186354A1 (en) * 2008-06-04 2011-08-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of attaching a shank to a body of an earth-boring tool including a load bearing joint and tools formed by such methods
US10144113B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2018-12-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring tools including sinterbonded components
US8770324B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2014-07-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools including sinterbonded components and partially formed tools configured to be sinterbonded
US20090308662A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Lyons Nicholas J Method of selectively adapting material properties across a rock bit cone
US20100000798A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 Patel Suresh G Method to reduce carbide erosion of pdc cutter
US20100006345A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Stevens John H Infiltrated, machined carbide drill bit body
US8261632B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2012-09-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming earth-boring drill bits
US20100193255A1 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-08-05 Stevens John H Earth-boring metal matrix rotary drill bit
US8858870B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2014-10-14 Kennametal Inc. Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide
US8225886B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-07-24 TDY Industries, LLC Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide
US8025112B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2011-09-27 Tdy Industries, Inc. Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide
US8322465B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-12-04 TDY Industries, LLC Earth-boring bit parts including hybrid cemented carbides and methods of making the same
US8459380B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2013-06-11 TDY Industries, LLC Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide
US9435010B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2016-09-06 Kennametal Inc. Composite cemented carbide rotary cutting tools and rotary cutting tool blanks
US8272816B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2012-09-25 TDY Industries, LLC Composite cemented carbide rotary cutting tools and rotary cutting tool blanks
US8317893B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2012-11-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole tool parts and compositions thereof
US20100307838A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods systems and compositions for manufacturing downhole tools and downhole tool parts
US8464814B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2013-06-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Systems for manufacturing downhole tools and downhole tool parts
US8869920B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2014-10-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole tools and parts and methods of formation
US8201610B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2012-06-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods for manufacturing downhole tools and downhole tool parts
US9266171B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2016-02-23 Kennametal Inc. Grinding roll including wear resistant working surface
US8308096B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2012-11-13 TDY Industries, LLC Reinforced roll and method of making same
US8440314B2 (en) 2009-08-25 2013-05-14 TDY Industries, LLC Coated cutting tools having a platinum group metal concentration gradient and related processes
US9643236B2 (en) 2009-11-11 2017-05-09 Landis Solutions Llc Thread rolling die and method of making same
US8978734B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-03-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools, and articles formed by such methods
US8490674B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2013-07-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools
US10603765B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2020-03-31 Baker Hughes, a GE company, LLC. Articles comprising metal, hard material, and an inoculant, and related methods
US9687963B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2017-06-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Articles comprising metal, hard material, and an inoculant
US8905117B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2014-12-09 Baker Hughes Incoporated Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools, and articles formed by such methods
US9790745B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2017-10-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools comprising eutectic or near-eutectic compositions
US8800848B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2014-08-12 Kennametal Inc. Methods of forming wear resistant layers on metallic surfaces
US9016406B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2015-04-28 Kennametal Inc. Cutting inserts for earth-boring bits
US9987675B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2018-06-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Manufacture of well tools with matrix materials
US10221894B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2019-03-05 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Universal joint
US20170107764A1 (en) * 2015-04-24 2017-04-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Mesoscale reinforcement of metal matrix composites
US10641045B2 (en) * 2015-04-24 2020-05-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Mesoscale reinforcement of metal matrix composites
US10619678B2 (en) 2015-05-22 2020-04-14 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Universal joint
US10508493B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2019-12-17 Ulterra Drilling Technologies Universal joint
US10337261B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-07-02 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Universal joint

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3757879A (en) Drill bits and methods of producing drill bits
US3757878A (en) Drill bits and method of producing drill bits
US3841852A (en) Abraders, abrasive particles and methods for producing same
US3871840A (en) Abrasive particles encapsulated with a metal envelope of allotriomorphic dentrites
US5000273A (en) Low melting point copper-manganese-zinc alloy for infiltration binder in matrix body rock drill bits
US8858871B2 (en) Process for the production of a thermally stable polycrystalline diamond compact
US5348108A (en) Rolling cone bit with improved wear resistant inserts
KR0183974B1 (en) Method of forming metal matrix composite bodies by a self-generated vacuum process and products produced therefrom
US4173685A (en) Coating material and method of applying same for producing wear and corrosion resistant coated articles
US5355750A (en) Rolling cone bit with improved wear resistant inserts
US6469278B1 (en) Hardfacing having coated ceramic particles or coated particles of other hard materials
US3293012A (en) Process of infiltrating diamond particles with metallic binders
US8647562B2 (en) Process for the production of an element comprising at least one block of dense material constituted by hard particles dispersed in a binder phase: application to cutting or drilling tools
US2612442A (en) Coated composite refractory body
US7980334B2 (en) Diamond-bonded constructions with improved thermal and mechanical properties
US6540800B2 (en) Abrasive particles with metallurgically bonded metal coatings
US11885182B2 (en) Methods of forming cutting elements
US3859057A (en) Hardfacing material and deposits containing tungsten titanium carbide solid solution
US20140360791A1 (en) PCD Elements And Process For Making The Same
JPH03177507A (en) Diamond shaped body for drilling and machining
US5667903A (en) Method of hard facing a substrate, and weld rod used in hard facing a substrate
FI91833B (en) Method for producing a metal matrix composite and a metal matrix composite body obtained by the method
PT92255B (en) METHOD FOR MODELING A BODY COMPOSED WITH METAL MATRIX BY SPONTANEOUS INFILTRATION OF OUTDOORS AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THAT PROCESS
JPH03138329A (en) Manufacture of macro compound material
JPH05255658A (en) Diamond abrasive compact composite

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: EASTMAN CHRISTENSEN COMPANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NORTON COMPANY;NORTON CHRISTENSEN, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004771/0834

Effective date: 19861230

Owner name: EASTMAN CHRISTENSEN COMPANY, A JOINT VENTURE OF DE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:NORTON COMPANY;NORTON CHRISTENSEN, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004771/0834

Effective date: 19861230