US3745060A - Heat insulating fibrous mass - Google Patents
Heat insulating fibrous mass Download PDFInfo
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- US3745060A US3745060A US00101060A US10106070A US3745060A US 3745060 A US3745060 A US 3745060A US 00101060 A US00101060 A US 00101060A US 10106070 A US10106070 A US 10106070A US 3745060 A US3745060 A US 3745060A
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- Prior art keywords
- particles
- fibers
- mass
- granules
- hard
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/122—Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
- B01F25/23—Mixing by intersecting jets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
- B01F25/23—Mixing by intersecting jets
- B01F25/231—Mixing by intersecting jets the intersecting jets having the configuration of sheets, cylinders or cones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/70—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material
- B01F25/72—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material with nozzles
- B01F25/721—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material with nozzles for spraying a fluid on falling particles or on a liquid curtain
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/248—Moulding mineral fibres or particles bonded with resin, e.g. for insulating or roofing board
- B29C67/249—Moulding mineral fibres or particles bonded with resin, e.g. for insulating or roofing board for making articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
- B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
- B29C70/025—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material with particular filler
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/268—Monolayer with structurally defined element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
Definitions
- the invention contemplates the homogeneous distribution of hard granules or particles throughout a mass of resin-coated mineral fibers to produce structural units in the form of sheets or slabs composed of the mass of mineral fibers in lattice-work form, particularly glass fibers, agglomerated with the dried and cured resin binder and having interspersed in the meshes of the mass, the separate hard and indeformable particles, either in solid form, such as sand, or in porous form, such as perlite or vermiculite, which render the structural units strongly resistant to physical deformation while enhancing the heat-insulating characteristics thereof.
- the invention relates to the production of plates or sheets shaped from a mass of mineral fibers, particularly glass fibers, agglomerated by a binding agent, which present at the same time both a high insulating capacity as well as a high degree of indeformability.
- these plates or shaped sheets are constituted by a lattice-work or network of fibers which are joined to each other by a binder and by solid and indeformable particles in the form of unitary granules which are interlocked and encompassed separately in the meshes of the fiber network and distributed in a homogeneous fashion therein.
- the particles which are employed are at the same time hard, whole and iudeformable, while being either solid or porous.
- the high degree of indeformability of the products of the invention arises from the fact that each particle impedes the local deformation of the network in which it is enclosed, and that by reason of the homogeneous distribution of the particles in the entire mass, the deformation of the whole of the mass is prevented by the presence of all of these particles.
- the average granulometry of the particles which are used is selected, as a function of the volumetric mass which is related to the mass of fibers.
- the size of the particles or granules should be such that they are enclosed within the meshes of the network formed by the fibrous mass. If these meshes are very fine, small granules or particles of light granulometry are used; if the meshes are large, particles of larger dimensions may be used.
- the fibers constituting the network may have a mean diameter between 3 microns and 16 microns; the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density of this fibrous mass may range between 25 kg. and 200 kg. per cubic meter, and preferably between 35 kg. and 100 kg. per cubic meter; the granulometry of the solid, whole, indeformable particles may be of the order of 0.10 mm. to 0.6 mm. and the proportion by volume of the mass of particles may be of the order of 2% to 20%, and preferably 3% to 15% of the total volume of the product.
- the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density of the fibrous network may range between 35 kg. and 100 kg. per cubic meter, and the particles enclosed in the meshes of this network may be constituted by grains of sand of a granulometry of the order of 0.10 mm. to 0.40 mm.
- sand instead of sand, other solid particles may be used, for example, crushed glass, crushed rock, melted coal ashes, etc.
- crushed glass crushed rock
- melted coal ashes etc.
- the condition which these particles must always meet being that they are hard and indeformable.
- the constituent fibers of the network may have a mean diameter ranging between 3 microns and 16 microns
- the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density of this network may range between 8 kg. and kg. per cubic meter, preferably between 8 kg. and 50 kg. per cubic meter, with the granulometry of the granules being above 0.1 mm., and preferably between 0.5 mm. and 5 mm., and the proportion in volume of the mass of particles being of the order of 3% to 80%, and preferably between 10% and 50% of the total volume of the product.
- the quantity of particles which is used per unit of volume of the final product depends on the density of the product and the mechanical properties which are sought to be attained. To obtain identical mechanical properties, for example, identical resistance to crushing under load, it is desirable that the proportion of particles be greater as the quantity of constituent fibers per unit of volume is lower. Otherwise, for a like quantity of fibers per unit of volume, the greater proportion of granules results in a higher degree of mechanical resistance.
- This method consists in introducing the hard and indeformable particles, either in solid or porous form, throughout the mass of fibers in homogeneous fashion, by flowing the particles and projecting them into the mass of fibers which is treated with a binding agent, by the action of a gaseous current, and by then reducing the volume of said mass in such a way that the particles are completely enclosed and interlocked between the fibers after the binder sets.
- the reduction of volume may be effected advantageously by exerting a suction efi'ect through the mass of fibers.
- the method may also be executed by introducing all or part of the binder together with the solid or porous granules or particles, into the mass of fibers.
- the binder introduced with the particles moves from the surfaces of the particles towards the fibers and assures the joining of these fibers at their crossing points without the binder remaining in contact between particles and fibers, thereby avoiding all thermal bridges between them.
- the invention contemplates many different devices for executing the procedures described above. These devices comprise a distributor, wherefrom the particles flow by gravity, and members, such as blowing nozzles, for producing gas jets, which act on the particles to project them into the mass of fibers and distribute them homogeneously in the latter.
- a distributor wherefrom the particles flow by gravity
- members such as blowing nozzles, for producing gas jets, which act on the particles to project them into the mass of fibers and distribute them homogeneously in the latter.
- the projection of particles takes place on one side of the mass of fibers.
- the distributor and blower members are arranged around the mass of fibers issuing from the production apparatus, and there is provided, under the blower members, an oscillating nozzle or conduit into which passes the mass of fibers with the particles which have been incorporated in it.
- the oscillations of the nozzle or conduit make possible the regular distribution of fibers on the cloth or other receiving surface onto which the mass is projected for the formation of a mat or sheet.
- the attenuated fibers gravitate in the form of a torus-shaped mass having a rotary movement.
- the particles may be projected into the mass of fibers by imparting a rotary movement to the annular sheet of granules which has a component in a direction opposite to the direction of rotary movement of the mass of fibers.
- the apparatus in accordance with the invention comprises a distributing member in the form of a crown surrounding the mass of fibers with elements which supply the particles onto the crown in the form of threads or streams.
- the crown has an inclination or slope at least equal to the slope of collapse or the angle of repose of the granules so that the several streams form sheets, which, by virtue of the positioning of the points of supply of the particles, merge together at the rim of the distributor crown to form a continuous and homogeneous layer of uniform thickness, which is then projected onto the mass of fibers by the blowers.
- the elements which supply the particles onto the distributor crown are formed by conduits which communicate with an apparatus which feeds the particles through a plurality of orifices, beyond which, the thickness of the beds or layers of particles issuing from the several orifices, is maintained substantially the same.
- the apparatus supplying the particles may consist of parallel tubes fitted with screw conveyers which advance and circulate the particles and feed them in streams or layers of substantially constant and adjustable thickness beyond the orifices which supply the conduits.
- the latter are preferably in the form of sluices or channels.
- members in the form of perforated masks may be applied around the supply tubes along the length thereof, which permit any desired adjustment of the orifices through which the particles pass.
- the apparatus for feeding the particles consists of a tube in the form of a torus, which is disposed adjacent to the inclined wall of the crown, and which contains openings through which the particles flow onto the inclined wall.
- a helical member is provided in the tube for conveying the particles therethrough.
- FIG. 1 is a view of a mass of interlocked mineral fibers, on a greatly enlarged scale, with binding agents incorporated therein,
- FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, following the compression of the mass of fibers in a vertical direction;
- FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with the inclusion of separate hard and indeformable particles in the network of the mineral fibers, in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 following the deformation of the mass of fibers by a compressive force of the same intensity as that employed on the mass shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a front elevation, with certain parts in section, of an apparatus for executing the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view, with certain parts in elevation, of a second embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a partial view of FIG. 6, on an enlarged scale, at the outlet of the receptacle and blower for the hard particles;
- FIG. 8 is a front elevation of another embodiment of the invention, illustrating the incorporation of the granules within the mass of fibers issuing from a different form of fiber-producing apparatus;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view through the installation shown in FIG. 9 with certain parts in elevation;
- FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the distributor crown at the outlet end of the supply conduits, illustrating the flow of the particles onto the distributor surface;
- FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional View along line 13-13 of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view of one of the perforated masks which are mounted along the supply tubes shown in FIGS. 9 and 10;
- FIG. 15 is a side view of the mask shown in FIG. 14;
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view along line 17-1.7 of FIG. 16.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate graphically the advantageous features of the instant invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a part of a mass of mineral fibers 1 which, as is known, are joined together at cross-points by a binder. Four of these cross-points are marked A, B, C, D.
- FIG. 3 shows the same fibrous structure as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but one in which hard, whole and indeformable particles or granules 2 are introduced and interlocked between the meshes of the network of fibers.
- the preceding cross-points are marked A", B", C", D" and occupy substantially the same relative positions as the cross-points indicated in FIG. 1. If the mass is subjected to the same compressive stress as that imposed on the unit shown in FIG. 2, the resulting product is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- each particle prevents deformation of the mesh in which it is enclosed, the points A, B'", C' D' remaining in the same positions as points A", B", C", D", and that the assembly itself undergoes a decrease in thickness of much less extent than that in the case illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus for obtaining a fibrous mass according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- Fibers 2 for example glass fibers, are produced by a machine 3, which may be a centrifuge body rotating at high speed and having a peripheral wall provided with orifices through which are projected by centrifugal force threads of material which are attenuated into fibers in a manner well known in the art.
- Spray guns 4 project a binding agent onto the mass of fibers and a nozzle 5 directs a jet of air onto said mass, to direct it toward the zone where hard granules or particles 12 are introduced.
- the particles are contained in a receptacle 6, whose bottom is provided with ledges or movable shutters 7 with a feed regulator device 8.
- the particles issuing from the receptacle pass into a rotating drum 9 which assures a regular outflow of the particles wherefrom they flow by gravity through conduit 10.
- One or several nozzles 11 project a jet of air under pressure onto the particles in order to direct them toward the mass of fibers. A homogeneous spatial distribution of all the particles within the mass of fibers is assured by controlling the strength and direction of the air jet.
- Spray guns 13 may project a binder onto the surfaces of particles before they are introduced into the mass of fibers.
- the mass of fibers with the particles incorporated therein then passes onto an endless cloth band or other airpermeable conveyor 14, under which is arranged a suction casing 14a to form a pad or mat 15 of the desired thickmess.
- the passage of this pad into an oven results in polymerization and hardening of the binder and cohesion of the interengaging fibers of the mat at their points of crossing contacts.
- particles 12 are distributed from an annular container 16 arranged coaxially with respect to the mass of fibers 2 issuing from a centrifuge 17.
- the outflow of these particles is controlled by regulating elements 18.
- the particles flowing from annular orifice 19 of the distributor are subjected to the action of a circular blower 20 which assures their homogeneous spatial distribution in the entire mass of fibers.
- An annular conduit or tuyere 21 is disposed below the circular blower 20 through which the mass of fibers passes, and an oscillating movement is imparted to the former.
- the moving conduit 21 makes possible a regular distribution of fibers on the endless air-permeable conveyor 14 for the purpose of forming the mat thereon.
- the binder is introduced into the combined mass of fibers and granules by means of spray guns 22.
- the fibers are produced by drawing out the molten glass threads flowing from fixed spinning orifices 23. These threads, transformed into fibers, are directed to the interior of hood or funnel 24 and are impregnated with a binding agent by means of spray guns 25 before dropping onto endless conveyor member 26, under which is disposed the suction casing 27.
- the solid indeformable particles issuing from an apparatus, such as shown in FIG. 5, are led to the interior of the hood 24 where they drop in a free fall in order to be distributed in the mass of fibers by means of a gas current issuing from one or several nozzles 28.
- the apparatus for the production of the glass fibers 2 is indicated at 17, and is similar to that shown generally in 'FIG. 6.
- This apparatus 17 consists of a rotatable centrifuge operating at high speed with a peripheral wall having a plurality of orifices through which are projected the molten filaments of glass which are attenuated into the form of fibers.
- the solid particles for example sand, which are introduced into the mass fibers, are supplied by two hoppers 30 from which they flow into a pair of tubular conduits 31.
- a conveyor screw 32 is provided in each of the conduits, the diam eter of which is less than the internal diameter of the conduits. The two screws 32 are maintained in synchronism by means of a motor-reducer drive assembly 4-3.
- the tubular conduits 311 have orifices 33 (FIG. 13) disposed along the lowermost portions of their cylindrical surfaces and through which flow the particles which are conveyed by the screws 32.
- a sluice or conduit 34 is disposed opposite each orifice 33. The particles fiow along the length of each conduit and are discharged in the form of jets onto the distributor crown 35.
- This crown is disposed coaxially with the rotary centrifuge l7 and presents an oblique wall 36 towards the interior, the slope of which is at least equal to the angle of repose of the granules or particles.
- the conduits or channels 34 are so disposed that the zones of impact 37 of the particles on the oblique wall 36 of the crown 35 are such that the particles fiow freely on this wall, forming sheets 38 which spread out and reunite along the length of the lower edge of the wall 36, (FIG. 12), thus forming a homogeneous and continuous sheet.
- the gaseous jet issuing from the annular orifice 40, provided at the base of the distributor 35 with the annular chamber 41, acts on this annular sheet of granules.
- the gas is introduced into this chamber through conduits 42 which are disposed obliquely in such a fashion that the particles are projected into the mass of fibers in the opggsite rotary direction from that of the rotating mass of ers.
- the mass of fibers in which the particles are thus distributed in homogeneous fashion then passes into a conduit or tuyere 44 which executes an oscillating movement about a horizontal axis 45, thereby permitting a uniform distribution of the fibers onto a receiving web below it, on which is formed a mat, these fibers having been impregnated previously with a bindner by means of spray guns, as shown in the arrangements described above.
- FIG. 11 shows the disposition of the conduits or channels 34, the inclinations of which are adjusted in a manner that their slope permits the natural flow of the particles (a slope of at least 30 in the case of sand), and the directions of which are such that the zones of impact lead to the obtention of a continuous and homogeneous sheet, as described above and as shown in FIG. 12.
- These troughs are mounted on supports 46 disposed above the distributor crown in a fashion to minimize the obstruction of the apparatus.
- An abutment or lug 49 is provided on the inside of each mask for selective cooperation with one of a plurality of grooves or notches 50 on the periphery of the conduits 31, which permits placing the apertured mask in correctly aligned position for any selected opening 48 in the latter.
- each conduit is provided with openings 51 which permits the elimination of these excess particles.
- the quantity of granules or particles discharged from the distributor is a function of the diameter of the holes 48 in the masks and the speed of rotation of the feed screws 32, the latter being adjusted for all the holes, with the exception of the openings 51 which are effective only when the conduits are too full.
- the latter serve to discharge particles only when the holes 33 and 48- become obstructed or when there is a strained operation, thereby avoiding a breakage of the feed screws.
- the particles are fed from a hopper 53 into an annular conduit 54 arranged in the form of a torus, in which operates a helical core-less feed member 55 which is retated by a. motor-reducer device 56.
- This conduit is disposed coaxially with the rotary centrifuge adjacent to the inclined wall 36 of the distributor crown 35, which operates in the same manner as described above in conjunction with FIGS. 9 to 15.
- the conduit 54 is provided with orifices 57 (FIG. 17), through which the particles flow onto the wall 36 for forming a continuous sheet of uniform thickness at the internal rim 39 of the distributor crown.
- any suitable polymerizable resins may be used as binding agents, examples of which are set forth below.
- variations may be made in the details of the apparatus, for example, in the character of the air-permeable conveyor for receiving the mass of fibers combined with a resin binder and hard particles distributed therethrough.
- the latter may be in the form of hard solid and indeformable granules, such as sand, or these granules may be hard and indeformable with voids therein such as foamed or porous granules of perlite or vermiculite.
- the invention also contemplates the use of hard and indeformable light particles which are interlocked in the meshes of the fibrous network, such as crushed, foamed or porous glass.
- NorE.Kg./m. is abbreviation for kg. per cubic meter; kgJm. is abbreviation for kg. per square meter.
- composition of the glass (b) Mean diameter of the fibers (0) Nature of the binder ((1) Nature of the granules or particles (c) Mean diameter of the granules Load required Coetficient to reduce of thermal thickness conduetivof product Composition of ity, KcalJ by 25%, Product product m. C. kgJm.
- Fibers 64.5 k ./m. Without sand 5.5 g 28.0 1, 510
- Fibers 54.5 kgJm With sand .. ⁇ Resln: 5.5 kgJmfimn ⁇ 31.0 2, 300 Sand: kg./m.
- a heat-insulating product composed of a mass of mineral fibers agglomerated with a binder and characterized by a high insulating value and high resistance to compression and mechanical deformation, comprising a mass of mineral fibers arranged in an intersecting network of fibers agglomerated together at their intersecting points with a hardened binder and having separate spaced mineral particles which are hard and indeformable and which are homogeneously interspersed and interlocked in the spaces between the intersecting fibers and in contact with a plurality of said intersecting fibers within said spaces, to impose a limited capability of deforming movement thereto while retaining some of the air voids therebetween.
- the mineral fibers are freshly formed and attenuated glass fibers having mean diameters ranging from 3 microns to 16 microns, the density of the mass of fibers ranges from about 8 kg. to kg. per cubic meter, the granulometry of the hard porous particles averages above 0.1 mm. with the proportion of particles ranging from 3% to 80% of the total volume of the product.
Abstract
THE INVENTION COMPTEMPLATES THE HOMOGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF HARD GRANULES OR PARTICLES THROUGH A MASS OF RESIN-COATED MINERAL FIBERS TO PRODUCE STRUCTURAL UNITS IN THE FORM OF SHEETS OR SLABS COMPOSED OF THE MASS OF MINERAL FIBERS IN LATTICE-WORK FORM, PARTICULARLY GLASS FIBERS AGGLOMERATED WITH THE DRIED AND CURED RESIN BINDER AND HAVING INTERSPERED IN THE MESHES OF THE MASS, THE SEPARATE HARD AND INDEFORMABLE PARTICLES, EITHER IN SOLID FORM SUCH AS SAND OR IN POROUS FORM, SUCH AS PERLITE OR VERMICULITE, WHICH RENDER THE STRUCTURAL UNITS STRONGLY RESISTANT TO PHYSICAL DEFORMATION WHILE ENCHANCING THE HEAT-INSULATING CHARACTERISTICS THEREOF.
Description
July 10, 1973 R ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS Original Filed May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet '1 INVENTOR-S C4 4005 JUME'A/T/'fi 144 4/11! 504/4157 y 1973 C.JUMENTIER ETAL HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS Original Filed May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet July 10, 1973 C JUMENT|ER ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS 8 Sheets-Sheet 9:
Original Filed May a, 1968 July 10, 1973 C'JUMEN-HER ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS Original Filed May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 July 10, 1973 c JUMENTER ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS Original Filed May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet f July 10, 1973 QJUMEN'HER ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS Original Filed-May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet r.
July 10, 1973 QJUMENTER ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING msnous mss Original Filed May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 July 10, 1973 IER ET AL 3,745,060
HEAT INSULATING FIBROUS MASS Original Filed May 6, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet a United sate; Patent 6 3,745,060 HEAT INSULATING FlBRUlUS MASS Claude Jumeutier, La Celia Saint Cloud, and Alain Bonnet, fllermont, France, assignors to Compagnie dc Saint-Gabain, Neuilly-sur-Seiue, France Original application May 6, 1968, Ser. No. 726,706, now Patent No. 3,616,030. Divided and this application Dec. 23, 1970, Ser. No. 101,060
Claims priority, application France, May 11 1967,
106,046; May 12, 1967, 106,273; Apr. 18, 1968, 148,483 Int. Cl. E32b 5/16 U.S. Cl. 161-170 11 Qlairns ABSTRACT OF THE DESCLQS The invention contemplates the homogeneous distribution of hard granules or particles throughout a mass of resin-coated mineral fibers to produce structural units in the form of sheets or slabs composed of the mass of mineral fibers in lattice-work form, particularly glass fibers, agglomerated with the dried and cured resin binder and having interspersed in the meshes of the mass, the separate hard and indeformable particles, either in solid form, such as sand, or in porous form, such as perlite or vermiculite, which render the structural units strongly resistant to physical deformation while enhancing the heat-insulating characteristics thereof.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 726,706, filed May 6, 1968, Patent No. 3,616,030, Oct. 26, 1971.
The invention relates to the production of plates or sheets shaped from a mass of mineral fibers, particularly glass fibers, agglomerated by a binding agent, which present at the same time both a high insulating capacity as well as a high degree of indeformability. According to one characteristic of the invention, these plates or shaped sheets are constituted by a lattice-work or network of fibers which are joined to each other by a binder and by solid and indeformable particles in the form of unitary granules which are interlocked and encompassed separately in the meshes of the fiber network and distributed in a homogeneous fashion therein.
It is another characteristic of the invention that the particles which are employed are at the same time hard, whole and iudeformable, while being either solid or porous.
It has been determined that While the products of the invention present a very low tendency to deformation, particularly compression, they retain strongly the high heat-insulating capacity inherent in the porous structure of a mass of mineral fibers. This preservation of the high insulating quality is due to the fact that the hard particles or granules are in contact with the fibers of the meshes which encompass them only along points or lines of slight length, and thus there is practically no formation of thermal conducting paths or bridges between the particles and the fibers.
The high degree of indeformability of the products of the invention arises from the fact that each particle impedes the local deformation of the network in which it is enclosed, and that by reason of the homogeneous distribution of the particles in the entire mass, the deformation of the whole of the mass is prevented by the presence of all of these particles.
In a general way, it is possible to select the average granulometry of the particles which are used, as a function of the volumetric mass which is related to the mass of fibers. In all cases, the size of the particles or granules should be such that they are enclosed within the meshes of the network formed by the fibrous mass. If these meshes are very fine, small granules or particles of light granulometry are used; if the meshes are large, particles of larger dimensions may be used.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the fibers constituting the network may have a mean diameter between 3 microns and 16 microns; the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density of this fibrous mass may range between 25 kg. and 200 kg. per cubic meter, and preferably between 35 kg. and 100 kg. per cubic meter; the granulometry of the solid, whole, indeformable particles may be of the order of 0.10 mm. to 0.6 mm. and the proportion by volume of the mass of particles may be of the order of 2% to 20%, and preferably 3% to 15% of the total volume of the product.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density of the fibrous network may range between 35 kg. and 100 kg. per cubic meter, and the particles enclosed in the meshes of this network may be constituted by grains of sand of a granulometry of the order of 0.10 mm. to 0.40 mm.
Instead of sand, other solid particles may be used, for example, crushed glass, crushed rock, melted coal ashes, etc. The condition which these particles must always meet being that they are hard and indeformable.
Another improvement results from the use of hard and indeformable granules which include empty spaces. Advantageous characteristics are imparted to the structural units of the invention by the use of hard porous or foamed mineral particles, such as perlite or vermiculite. The products resulting from the use of such components are characterized by extremely light weight, high insulating capacity and a high degree of indeformability.
When use is made of fibrous masses having a slightly elevated specific density, the presence of these particles therein, particularly perlite, result in products which evi dence a strong resistance to deformation, particularly compression.
In the modes of execution of the invention with hard porous granules, the constituent fibers of the network may have a mean diameter ranging between 3 microns and 16 microns, the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density of this network may range between 8 kg. and kg. per cubic meter, preferably between 8 kg. and 50 kg. per cubic meter, with the granulometry of the granules being above 0.1 mm., and preferably between 0.5 mm. and 5 mm., and the proportion in volume of the mass of particles being of the order of 3% to 80%, and preferably between 10% and 50% of the total volume of the product.
The quantity of particles which is used per unit of volume of the final product depends on the density of the product and the mechanical properties which are sought to be attained. To obtain identical mechanical properties, for example, identical resistance to crushing under load, it is desirable that the proportion of particles be greater as the quantity of constituent fibers per unit of volume is lower. Otherwise, for a like quantity of fibers per unit of volume, the greater proportion of granules results in a higher degree of mechanical resistance.
It is the object of the invention to provide a method of producing structural units in the form of plates or shaped sheets of high insulating capacity and indeformability, as described above. This method consists in introducing the hard and indeformable particles, either in solid or porous form, throughout the mass of fibers in homogeneous fashion, by flowing the particles and projecting them into the mass of fibers which is treated with a binding agent, by the action of a gaseous current, and by then reducing the volume of said mass in such a way that the particles are completely enclosed and interlocked between the fibers after the binder sets. The reduction of volume may be effected advantageously by exerting a suction efi'ect through the mass of fibers.
As a variation, the method may also be executed by introducing all or part of the binder together with the solid or porous granules or particles, into the mass of fibers. Thereby a better distribution of the binder within the network of fibers is obtained. It has been determined that the binder introduced with the particles moves from the surfaces of the particles towards the fibers and assures the joining of these fibers at their crossing points without the binder remaining in contact between particles and fibers, thereby avoiding all thermal bridges between them.
In accordance with the invention, provision is made to vary the quantity of granules or particles introduced into the mass of fibers, which may be varied in dependance upon the mechanical characteristics sought to be imparted to the product.
The invention contemplates many different devices for executing the procedures described above. These devices comprise a distributor, wherefrom the particles flow by gravity, and members, such as blowing nozzles, for producing gas jets, which act on the particles to project them into the mass of fibers and distribute them homogeneously in the latter.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus, the projection of particles takes place on one side of the mass of fibers.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the distributor and blower members are arranged around the mass of fibers issuing from the production apparatus, and there is provided, under the blower members, an oscillating nozzle or conduit into which passes the mass of fibers with the particles which have been incorporated in it. The oscillations of the nozzle or conduit make possible the regular distribution of fibers on the cloth or other receiving surface onto which the mass is projected for the formation of a mat or sheet.
It is the particular objective of the arrangements in accordance with the invention to secure an efiective homogeneous distribution of the particles in the mass of fibers. This may be attained by introducing the granules or particles into the gaseous currents in the form of a sheet of particles which flows in a homogeneous and uniform fashion. This may be accomplished by feeding the particles onto a distributing surface surrounding the mass of fibers, which particles flow in a homogeneos and uniform fashion from the distributing surface in the form of a sheet which is subjected to the action of the gaseous currents. One of the features of the invention is that the particles move freely on the distributing surface in forming a natural flow.
When the fibers are produced by a rotary centrifuge, of the type well known in the art, the attenuated fibers gravitate in the form of a torus-shaped mass having a rotary movement. In this case, the particles may be projected into the mass of fibers by imparting a rotary movement to the annular sheet of granules which has a component in a direction opposite to the direction of rotary movement of the mass of fibers.
Also, the apparatus in accordance with the invention comprises a distributing member in the form of a crown surrounding the mass of fibers with elements which supply the particles onto the crown in the form of threads or streams. The crown has an inclination or slope at least equal to the slope of collapse or the angle of repose of the granules so that the several streams form sheets, which, by virtue of the positioning of the points of supply of the particles, merge together at the rim of the distributor crown to form a continuous and homogeneous layer of uniform thickness, which is then projected onto the mass of fibers by the blowers.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the elements which supply the particles onto the distributor crown are formed by conduits which communicate with an apparatus which feeds the particles through a plurality of orifices, beyond which, the thickness of the beds or layers of particles issuing from the several orifices, is maintained substantially the same.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the apparatus supplying the particles may consist of parallel tubes fitted with screw conveyers which advance and circulate the particles and feed them in streams or layers of substantially constant and adjustable thickness beyond the orifices which supply the conduits. The latter are preferably in the form of sluices or channels. In order to permit the regulation of the passage of the particles which enter these conduits or sluices, members in the form of perforated masks may be applied around the supply tubes along the length thereof, which permit any desired adjustment of the orifices through which the particles pass.
In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for feeding the particles consists of a tube in the form of a torus, which is disposed adjacent to the inclined wall of the crown, and which contains openings through which the particles flow onto the inclined wall. A helical member is provided in the tube for conveying the particles therethrough.
Other objects and purposes of the invention will appear from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several non-limiting examples, and wherein FIG. 1 is a view of a mass of interlocked mineral fibers, on a greatly enlarged scale, with binding agents incorporated therein,
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, following the compression of the mass of fibers in a vertical direction;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with the inclusion of separate hard and indeformable particles in the network of the mineral fibers, in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 following the deformation of the mass of fibers by a compressive force of the same intensity as that employed on the mass shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front elevation, with certain parts in section, of an apparatus for executing the invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view, with certain parts in elevation, of a second embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial view of FIG. 6, on an enlarged scale, at the outlet of the receptacle and blower for the hard particles;
FIG. 8 is a front elevation of another embodiment of the invention, illustrating the incorporation of the granules within the mass of fibers issuing from a different form of fiber-producing apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view through the installation shown in FIG. 9 with certain parts in elevation;
FIG. =11 is a diagrammatic plan view of the distributor shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and indicating schematically the disposition of the conduits or sluices for feeding the hard particles thereto;
FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the distributor crown at the outlet end of the supply conduits, illustrating the flow of the particles onto the distributor surface;
FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional View along line 13-13 of FIG. 9;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of one of the perforated masks which are mounted along the supply tubes shown in FIGS. 9 and 10;
FIG. 15 is a side view of the mask shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 17 is a sectional view along line 17-1.7 of FIG. 16.
FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate graphically the advantageous features of the instant invention.
FIG. 1 shows a part of a mass of mineral fibers 1 which, as is known, are joined together at cross-points by a binder. Four of these cross-points are marked A, B, C, D.
If this mass is subjected to a mechanical stress, such as, for example, compression (FIG. 2), it is seen that the thickness of the mesh or lattice-work of fibers decreases, and that the quadrilateral A, B, C, D is reduced to form quadrilateral A, B, C, D.
FIG. 3 shows the same fibrous structure as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but one in which hard, whole and indeformable particles or granules 2 are introduced and interlocked between the meshes of the network of fibers. The preceding cross-points are marked A", B", C", D" and occupy substantially the same relative positions as the cross-points indicated in FIG. 1. If the mass is subjected to the same compressive stress as that imposed on the unit shown in FIG. 2, the resulting product is illustrated in FIG. 4. It is seen that the presence of each particle prevents deformation of the mesh in which it is enclosed, the points A, B'", C' D' remaining in the same positions as points A", B", C", D", and that the assembly itself undergoes a decrease in thickness of much less extent than that in the case illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus for obtaining a fibrous mass according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Fibers 2, for example glass fibers, are produced by a machine 3, which may be a centrifuge body rotating at high speed and having a peripheral wall provided with orifices through which are projected by centrifugal force threads of material which are attenuated into fibers in a manner well known in the art. Spray guns 4 project a binding agent onto the mass of fibers and a nozzle 5 directs a jet of air onto said mass, to direct it toward the zone where hard granules or particles 12 are introduced. The particles are contained in a receptacle 6, whose bottom is provided with ledges or movable shutters 7 with a feed regulator device 8. The particles issuing from the receptacle pass into a rotating drum 9 which assures a regular outflow of the particles wherefrom they flow by gravity through conduit 10. One or several nozzles 11 project a jet of air under pressure onto the particles in order to direct them toward the mass of fibers. A homogeneous spatial distribution of all the particles within the mass of fibers is assured by controlling the strength and direction of the air jet.
The mass of fibers with the particles incorporated therein then passes onto an endless cloth band or other airpermeable conveyor 14, under which is arranged a suction casing 14a to form a pad or mat 15 of the desired thickmess. The passage of this pad into an oven results in polymerization and hardening of the binder and cohesion of the interengaging fibers of the mat at their points of crossing contacts.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, particles 12 are distributed from an annular container 16 arranged coaxially with respect to the mass of fibers 2 issuing from a centrifuge 17. The outflow of these particles is controlled by regulating elements 18. The particles flowing from annular orifice 19 of the distributor are subjected to the action of a circular blower 20 which assures their homogeneous spatial distribution in the entire mass of fibers.
An annular conduit or tuyere 21 is disposed below the circular blower 20 through which the mass of fibers passes, and an oscillating movement is imparted to the former. The moving conduit 21 makes possible a regular distribution of fibers on the endless air-permeable conveyor 14 for the purpose of forming the mat thereon.
In this embodiment the binder is introduced into the combined mass of fibers and granules by means of spray guns 22.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the fibers are produced by drawing out the molten glass threads flowing from fixed spinning orifices 23. These threads, transformed into fibers, are directed to the interior of hood or funnel 24 and are impregnated with a binding agent by means of spray guns 25 before dropping onto endless conveyor member 26, under which is disposed the suction casing 27.
The solid indeformable particles issuing from an apparatus, such as shown in FIG. 5, are led to the interior of the hood 24 where they drop in a free fall in order to be distributed in the mass of fibers by means of a gas current issuing from one or several nozzles 28.
In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 9 to 17, the apparatus for the production of the glass fibers 2 is indicated at 17, and is similar to that shown generally in 'FIG. 6. This apparatus 17 consists of a rotatable centrifuge operating at high speed with a peripheral wall having a plurality of orifices through which are projected the molten filaments of glass which are attenuated into the form of fibers.
In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 to 15, the solid particles, for example sand, which are introduced into the mass fibers, are supplied by two hoppers 30 from which they flow into a pair of tubular conduits 31. A conveyor screw 32 is provided in each of the conduits, the diam eter of which is less than the internal diameter of the conduits. The two screws 32 are maintained in synchronism by means of a motor-reducer drive assembly 4-3.
The tubular conduits 311 have orifices 33 (FIG. 13) disposed along the lowermost portions of their cylindrical surfaces and through which flow the particles which are conveyed by the screws 32. A sluice or conduit 34 is disposed opposite each orifice 33. The particles fiow along the length of each conduit and are discharged in the form of jets onto the distributor crown 35. This crown is disposed coaxially with the rotary centrifuge l7 and presents an oblique wall 36 towards the interior, the slope of which is at least equal to the angle of repose of the granules or particles.
The conduits or channels 34 are so disposed that the zones of impact 37 of the particles on the oblique wall 36 of the crown 35 are such that the particles fiow freely on this wall, forming sheets 38 which spread out and reunite along the length of the lower edge of the wall 36, (FIG. 12), thus forming a homogeneous and continuous sheet. The gaseous jet issuing from the annular orifice 40, provided at the base of the distributor 35 with the annular chamber 41, acts on this annular sheet of granules. The gas is introduced into this chamber through conduits 42 which are disposed obliquely in such a fashion that the particles are projected into the mass of fibers in the opggsite rotary direction from that of the rotating mass of ers.
The mass of fibers in which the particles are thus distributed in homogeneous fashion then passes into a conduit or tuyere 44 which executes an oscillating movement about a horizontal axis 45, thereby permitting a uniform distribution of the fibers onto a receiving web below it, on which is formed a mat, these fibers having been impregnated previously with a bindner by means of spray guns, as shown in the arrangements described above.
FIG. 11 shows the disposition of the conduits or channels 34, the inclinations of which are adjusted in a manner that their slope permits the natural flow of the particles (a slope of at least 30 in the case of sand), and the directions of which are such that the zones of impact lead to the obtention of a continuous and homogeneous sheet, as described above and as shown in FIG. 12. These troughs are mounted on supports 46 disposed above the distributor crown in a fashion to minimize the obstruction of the apparatus.
The disposition of the conveying screws 42 and their rotary speed are such that a stream of particles of substantially uniform thickness is obtained below the assembly of outlet orifices 33 of tubular conduits 31. How ever, to obtain the proper delivery from each channel 34, which is fed from each of the orifices, masks 47, having openings 4-8 of different diameters, are resiliently mounted on the tubular conduits 31 in overlying relation to openings 33 therein. These masks of springy material may be turned to place an orifice of predetermined size opposite each outlet opening 33 of the tubular conduit according to the rate of discharge sought to be attained. An abutment or lug 49 is provided on the inside of each mask for selective cooperation with one of a plurality of grooves or notches 50 on the periphery of the conduits 31, which permits placing the apertured mask in correctly aligned position for any selected opening 48 in the latter.
In order to permit the evacuation of any excess particles or granules and to avoid jamming or choking of the conduits 31, the end 52 of each conduit is provided with openings 51 which permits the elimination of these excess particles.
The quantity of granules or particles discharged from the distributor is a function of the diameter of the holes 48 in the masks and the speed of rotation of the feed screws 32, the latter being adjusted for all the holes, with the exception of the openings 51 which are effective only when the conduits are too full. The latter serve to discharge particles only when the holes 33 and 48- become obstructed or when there is a strained operation, thereby avoiding a breakage of the feed screws.
In the modified embodiment shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the particles are fed from a hopper 53 into an annular conduit 54 arranged in the form of a torus, in which operates a helical core-less feed member 55 which is retated by a. motor-reducer device 56. This conduit is disposed coaxially with the rotary centrifuge adjacent to the inclined wall 36 of the distributor crown 35, which operates in the same manner as described above in conjunction with FIGS. 9 to 15. The conduit 54 is provided with orifices 57 (FIG. 17), through which the particles flow onto the wall 36 for forming a continuous sheet of uniform thickness at the internal rim 39 of the distributor crown.
Any suitable polymerizable resins may be used as binding agents, examples of which are set forth below. Furthermore, variations may be made in the details of the apparatus, for example, in the character of the air-permeable conveyor for receiving the mass of fibers combined with a resin binder and hard particles distributed therethrough. As set forth above, the latter may be in the form of hard solid and indeformable granules, such as sand, or these granules may be hard and indeformable with voids therein such as foamed or porous granules of perlite or vermiculite. The invention also contemplates the use of hard and indeformable light particles which are interlocked in the meshes of the fibrous network, such as crushed, foamed or porous glass.
Below are given examples of products of glass fibers according to the invention as well as comparative data, between these products and the same products which do not include hard and separate unitary solid or foamed indeformable particles, from the point of view of heatinsulating capability and resistance to deformation.
(b) Mean diameter of fibers: 6 microns Nature of binder: Phenol formaldehyde resin (d) Nature of particles: Sand (e) Mean diameter of grains: 0.2 mm.
Load
required Coefficient to reduce of thermal thickness conductivof product Composition of ity, KcalJ by Product product mm, C. kg./1n.
Without sand ..{g 55 1 28. 7 470 Fibers: 38 kg./m.
With sand Resin: 2 kg./m. 30. 2 880 Sand: 60 kg./m.
NorE.Kg./m. is abbreviation for kg. per cubic meter; kgJm. is abbreviation for kg. per square meter.
It is to be noted that while the products have substantially the same insulating power, the load necessary to obtain the same reduction in thickness in the product in accordance with the invention is nearly double.
EXAMPLE II Identical with those of Example I:
(a) Composition of the glass (b) Mean diameter of the fibers (0) Nature of the binder ((1) Nature of the granules or particles (c) Mean diameter of the granules Load required Coetficient to reduce of thermal thickness conduetivof product Composition of ity, KcalJ by 25%, Product product m. C. kgJm.
Fibers: 64.5 k ./m. Without sand 5.5 g 28.0 1, 510
Fibers: 54.5 kgJm With sand ..{Resln: 5.5 kgJmfimn} 31.0 2, 300 Sand: kg./m.
(2.) Composition of the glass: Percent SiO 61.3 A1 0 5.5 F 0 0.6 CaO 7.3 MgO 3.1 Na O 13.9 K 0 1.9 B 0 2.9 BaO 3.2
(b) Mean diameter of the fibers: 12 microns (0) Nature of binder: Phenol formaldehyde resin (d) Nature of granules: Sand (e) Mean diameter of granules: 0.2 mm.
Load required to reduce thickness oi product by Composition of 2 Product product kgJm.
Fibers: 99 kg. m.
Without sand 11 j 9,000
ibers: 99 kgJmfi- With sand Resin: l1 kg.lm. 16,000
Sand: 90 kg./m.
Set forth below are two examples of products of glass fibers with perlite and vermiculite, according to the in vention, these examples showing, comparatively, the differences from the point of view of insulating value and resistance to deformation between these products and the same products which do not include these particles.
9 EXAMPLE IV-Continued (a) Composition of glass: Percent 0.2
(b) Mean diameter of fibers: 6 microns (c) Nature of binder: Phenol formaldehyde resin (d) Nature of grains: Perlite (e) Diameter of grains: 0.1 mm. to 2 mm.
Load
required Coefliclent to reduce of thermal thickness conductivof product Composition of ity, KcaLl by 25%,
Product product m.7\, C. kgJm I Without perlite 2 {52 3 Fibers: 36 kgjmfin With perlite Resin: 4 kg./m. 30.0 2, 200
Perlite: 18 kgJml- It is to be noted that while both products have substantially the same insulating capacity, the load required to attain the same reduction in thickness is nearly tripled for the product in accordance with the instant invention.
We claim:
1. A heat-insulating product composed of a mass of mineral fibers agglomerated with a binder and characterized by a high insulating value and high resistance to compression and mechanical deformation, comprising a mass of mineral fibers arranged in an intersecting network of fibers agglomerated together at their intersecting points with a hardened binder and having separate spaced mineral particles which are hard and indeformable and which are homogeneously interspersed and interlocked in the spaces between the intersecting fibers and in contact with a plurality of said intersecting fibers within said spaces, to impose a limited capability of deforming movement thereto while retaining some of the air voids therebetween.
2. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the mineral fibers are freshly formed and attenuated glass fibers having mean diameters ranging from 3 microns to 16 microns, the density of the mass of fibers ranges from about 25 kg. to 200 kg. per cubic meter, the granulornetry of the hard particles ranges from about 0.10 mm. to 0.60 mm. with the proportion of solid particles ranging from about 2% to 20% of the total volume of the product.
3. An article as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hard and indeformable particles are solid and full.
4. An article as set forth in claim 3 wherein the particles are grains of sand.
5. An article as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hard and indeformable particles have void spaces therein.
6. An article as set forth in claim 5 wherein the particles are of perlite.
7. An article as set forth in claim 5 wherein the particles are of vermiculite.
8. A product as set forth in claim 5 wherein the mineral fibers are freshly formed and attenuated glass fibers having mean diameters ranging from 3 microns to 16 microns, the density of the mass of fibers ranges from about 8 kg. to kg. per cubic meter, the granulometry of the hard porous particles averages above 0.1 mm. with the proportion of particles ranging from 3% to 80% of the total volume of the product.
9. A product as set forth in claim 5 wherein the mineral fibers are freshly formed and attenuated glass fibers having mean diameters ranging from 3 microns to 16 microns, the density of the mass of fibers ranges from about 8 kg. to 50 kg. per cubic meter, the granulometry of the hard porous particles ranges from about 0:5 mm. to 5 mm., with the proportion of particles ranging from 10% to 50% of the total volume of the product.
10. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the mineral fibers are freshly formed and attenuated glass fibers having mean diameters ranging from 3 microns to 16 microns, the density of the mass of fibers ranges from about 35 kg. to kg. per cubic meter, the granulometry of the hard particles ranges from about 0.10 mm. to 0.60 mm., with the proportion of solid particles ranging from about 3% to 15% of the total volume of the product.
11. A product as set forth in claim 10 wherein the hard particles are grains of sand having a granulometry ranging from 0.10 mm. to 0.40 mm.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,025,202 3/1962 Morgan et a1. 161-158 UK 1,354,025 9/1920 Coryeli 161162 X 2,972,554 2/ 1961 Muskat et a1 117-76 3,199,714 8/1965 Bodendorf et al. 22-0--9 3,515,624 6/1970 Garnero 161-158 X 3,562,370 2/1971 Shannon 264-1 12 WILLIAM A. POWELL, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR106046A FR1531488A (en) | 1967-05-11 | 1967-05-11 | Plates or shaped pieces based on mineral fibers, such as in particular glass fibers, and method for obtaining them |
FR106273A FR92327E (en) | 1967-05-11 | 1967-05-12 | Plates or shaped pieces based on mineral fibers, such as in particular glass fibers, and method for obtaining them |
FR148483A FR94276E (en) | 1967-05-11 | 1968-04-18 | Plates or shaped pieces based on mineral fibers, such as in particular glass fibers, and method for obtaining them. |
Publications (1)
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US3745060A true US3745060A (en) | 1973-07-10 |
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US00101060A Expired - Lifetime US3745060A (en) | 1967-05-11 | 1970-12-23 | Heat insulating fibrous mass |
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US (1) | US3745060A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5242830B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT304790B (en) |
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FR (1) | FR94276E (en) |
GB (1) | GB1234075A (en) |
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YU (1) | YU100368A (en) |
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US5998032A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1999-12-07 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method and compositions for enhancing blood absorbence by superabsorbent materials |
WO2000008246A2 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2000-02-17 | Vetrotex France | Method for making a mat and resulting products |
US6270893B1 (en) | 1989-03-20 | 2001-08-07 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Coated fiber product with adhered super absorbent particles |
US6340411B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-01-22 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Fibrous product containing densifying agent |
US6391453B1 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2002-05-21 | Weyernaeuser Company | Binder treated particles |
US20040058605A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-03-25 | Hansen Michael R. | Polysaccharide treated cellulose fibers |
US20050000669A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-01-06 | Hugh West | Saccharide treated cellulose pulp sheets |
US20050031841A1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-10 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Attachment of superabsorbent materials to fibers using oil |
US20050133180A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Hugh West | Densification agent and oil treated cellulose fibers |
US20050178518A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-18 | Hugh West | Sodium sulfate treated pulp |
US7144474B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2006-12-05 | Weyerhaeuser Co. | Method of binding particles to binder treated fibers |
WO2007020065A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Rockwool International A/S | Method and apparatus for the production of man-made vitreous fibre products |
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US5720832A (en) | 1981-11-24 | 1998-02-24 | Kimberly-Clark Ltd. | Method of making a meltblown nonwoven web containing absorbent particles |
FR2559793B1 (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1986-12-19 | Saint Gobain Isover | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MINERAL FIBER MATTRESS FROM MOLTEN MATERIAL |
US4956896A (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1990-09-18 | Phoenix Associates | Method and apparatus for forming nonwoven fiber webs |
GB9524608D0 (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1996-01-31 | Rockwool Int | Manufacture of man-made vitreous fibre products |
GB9604240D0 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1996-05-01 | Rockwool Int | Webs of man-made vitreous fibres |
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-
1968
- 1968-04-18 FR FR148483A patent/FR94276E/en not_active Expired
- 1968-04-26 YU YU01003/68A patent/YU100368A/en unknown
- 1968-05-07 AT AT439268A patent/AT304790B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-05-08 SE SE06234/68A patent/SE341155B/xx unknown
- 1968-05-09 DK DK218068AA patent/DK141114B/en unknown
- 1968-05-09 FI FI1313/68A patent/FI62526C/en active
- 1968-05-10 CH CH700868A patent/CH474457A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-05-10 IL IL29970A patent/IL29970A/en unknown
- 1968-05-10 JP JP43031000A patent/JPS5242830B1/ja active Pending
- 1968-05-10 ES ES353764A patent/ES353764A1/en not_active Expired
- 1968-05-10 BE BE715018D patent/BE715018A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-05-10 GB GB1234075D patent/GB1234075A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-05-10 NO NO1827/68A patent/NO119549B/no unknown
- 1968-05-10 LU LU56055A patent/LU56055A1/xx unknown
- 1968-05-13 IE IE558/68A patent/IE31906B1/en unknown
-
1970
- 1970-12-23 US US00101060A patent/US3745060A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4097644A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1978-06-27 | Isola Fabrikker A/S | Inorganic raw felt intended for the production of roof felt |
US3922432A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1975-11-25 | Marine Colloids Inc | Medium for separation processes |
US4507358A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1985-03-26 | The Fujikura Cable Works, Limited | Insulating paper sheet of synthetic resin flakes and natural fibers |
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US5571618A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-11-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Reactivatable binders for binding particles to fibers |
US5589256A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-12-31 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders that enhance fiber densification |
US5607759A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1997-03-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binding to fibers |
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US20030201051A1 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2003-10-30 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binding to fibers field of the invention |
US6627249B2 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2003-09-30 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method of enhancing blood absorbence by superabsorbent material |
US5789326A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1998-08-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders |
US5807364A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1998-09-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Binder treated fibrous webs and products |
US5308896A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-05-03 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders for high bulk fibers |
US6521087B2 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2003-02-18 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for forming a diaper |
US5998032A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1999-12-07 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method and compositions for enhancing blood absorbence by superabsorbent materials |
US6521339B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2003-02-18 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Diol treated particles combined with fibers |
US6071549A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2000-06-06 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Binder treated fibrous webs and products |
US6461553B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-10-08 | Weyerhaeuser | Method of binding binder treated particles to fibers |
US6340411B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-01-22 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Fibrous product containing densifying agent |
US6425979B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-07-30 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for making superabsorbent containing diapers |
US6391453B1 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2002-05-21 | Weyernaeuser Company | Binder treated particles |
US6395395B1 (en) | 1992-08-17 | 2002-05-28 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method and compositions for enhancing blood absorbence by superabsorbent materials |
US5718787A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1998-02-17 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. | Integration of asphalt and reinforcement fibers |
US5468546A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1995-11-21 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Method of making a highway reinforcement product |
US5494728A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-02-27 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Method for making roofing shingles using asphalt fibers, and shingles made thereby |
US5543211A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-08-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Asphalt fibers |
US5869413A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1999-02-09 | Gallagher; Kevin P. | Integration of asphalt and reinforcement fibers |
US5712033A (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-01-27 | Owens-Corning Fiberglass Technology, Inc. | Asphalt-containing organic fibers |
US5897951A (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1999-04-27 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Asphalt-containing organic fibers |
WO2000008246A3 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2002-02-28 | Vetrotex France Sa | Method for making a mat and resulting products |
WO2000008246A2 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2000-02-17 | Vetrotex France | Method for making a mat and resulting products |
US20050241746A1 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2005-11-03 | Vetrotex France | Method for making a mat and resulting products |
US20040058605A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-03-25 | Hansen Michael R. | Polysaccharide treated cellulose fibers |
US20050000669A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-01-06 | Hugh West | Saccharide treated cellulose pulp sheets |
US20050031841A1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-10 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Attachment of superabsorbent materials to fibers using oil |
US20050133180A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Hugh West | Densification agent and oil treated cellulose fibers |
US20050178518A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-18 | Hugh West | Sodium sulfate treated pulp |
US20070107862A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2007-05-17 | Weyerhaeuser Co. | Sodium sulfate treated pulp |
WO2007020065A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Rockwool International A/S | Method and apparatus for the production of man-made vitreous fibre products |
EA012109B1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2009-08-28 | Роквул Интернэшнл А/С | Method and apparatus for the production of man-made vitreous fibre products |
US20100170299A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2010-07-08 | Lars Elmekilde Hansen | Method and apparatus for the production of man-made vitreous fibre products |
US8082760B2 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2011-12-27 | Rockwool International A/S | Method and apparatus for the production of man-made vitreous fibre products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR94276E (en) | 1969-07-25 |
IE31906L (en) | 1968-11-11 |
DE1759511B2 (en) | 1977-06-08 |
DK141114C (en) | 1980-07-21 |
IE31906B1 (en) | 1973-02-07 |
IL29970A0 (en) | 1968-07-25 |
NO119549B (en) | 1970-06-01 |
CH474457A (en) | 1969-06-30 |
BE715018A (en) | 1968-11-12 |
IL29970A (en) | 1972-07-26 |
JPS5242830B1 (en) | 1977-10-26 |
DE1759511A1 (en) | 1972-02-17 |
YU100368A (en) | 1979-12-31 |
ES353764A1 (en) | 1969-10-16 |
LU56055A1 (en) | 1969-02-10 |
FI62526B (en) | 1982-09-30 |
FI62526C (en) | 1983-01-10 |
SE341155B (en) | 1971-12-13 |
GB1234075A (en) | 1971-06-03 |
AT304790B (en) | 1973-01-25 |
DK141114B (en) | 1980-01-21 |
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