US3734094A - Multipurpose esophageal instrument - Google Patents

Multipurpose esophageal instrument Download PDF

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US3734094A
US3734094A US00155044A US3734094DA US3734094A US 3734094 A US3734094 A US 3734094A US 00155044 A US00155044 A US 00155044A US 3734094D A US3734094D A US 3734094DA US 3734094 A US3734094 A US 3734094A
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tube
acoustic tube
suction
acoustic
connection
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US00155044A
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T Calinog
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/012—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor
    • A61B1/015—Control of fluid supply or evacuation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A61B1/00082—Balloons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/273—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
    • A61B1/2733—Oesophagoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/283—Invasive
    • A61B5/285—Endotracheal, oesophageal or gastric probes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
    • A61B7/02—Stethoscopes
    • A61B7/023—Stethoscopes for introduction into the body, e.g. into the oesophagus

Definitions

  • An instrument for integrated monitoring of a patients physical condition includes a suction tube for insertion in his esophagus, the tube being provided with an inlet in one end for stomach fluids and an outlet in its opposite end for connection to a suction machine.
  • a portion of the tube is encircled by an acoustic tube that is spaced from it, although the inner end of the acoustic tube is sealed to the suction tube in a location adjacent to, but spaced from, the inlet end of the suction tube.
  • the outer end of the acoustic tube has an opening through which the suction tube emerges, and an outlet for connection to a sound-monitoring device.
  • the inner end portion of the acoustic tube has lateral openings therein covered by diaphragm means.
  • a plurality of spaced electrode bands encircle the acoustic tube adjacent the sleeve and are connected to wires extending outwardly along the acoustic tube and away from its outer end for connection to a heart-monitoring machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the instrument
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section.
  • the inner end portion of the tube that will be in the patients stomach is provided with one or more inlets 3, through which liquids and air can be withdrawn by the suction machine.
  • Encircling the suction tube is a flexible acoustic tube 5 that likewise must extend out of the patients mouth.
  • the acoustic tube is considerably shorter than the suction tube and its inner end terminates near the suction tube inlets 3, but far enough away from them to prevent it from extending into the stomach.
  • the major portion of the acoustic tube is spaced from the suction tube to leave a sound passage between them, but the inner end of the acoustic tube is sealed against the suction tube in any suitable manner.
  • the outer end of the acoustic tube is designed to be connected to a sound-monitoring device of known construction, so the tube is provided with an outlet coupling.
  • the outlet could be in the side of the outer portion of the tube, in which case the suction tube would extend out of the end, the outlet preferably is formed by the outer end of the tube, in which the coupling 6 is mounted.
  • the outer end portion of the acoustic tube is provided with a lateral opening, through which the suction tube emerges. The wall of the opening snugly engages the suction tube.
  • the acoustic tube To admist heart sounds into the acoustic tube, its inner end portion is provided with a plurality of lateral openings 8 that are covered by diaphragm means to accentuate the sound and also to prevent body fluids from entering the opening.
  • the diaphragm means is a flexible sleeve 9 encircling the acoustic tube. The opposite ends of the sleeve are sealed to the tube, with the group of openings 8 between them.
  • the inner end portion of the acoustic tube is provided with electrodes that can be wired to the machine.
  • electrodes that can be wired to the machine.
  • a wire 14 Joined to each of these bands is a wire 14 that extends out along the acoustic tube and away from its side wall at the outer end portion of the tube. Where the wires leave the tube, they are tightly engaged by it.
  • the wires may extend along between the two tubes or they may be molded into the acoustic tube.
  • the exposed outer ends of the wires are provided with terminals 15 for connection to the heart-monitoring machine.
  • this instrument In using this instrument it is inserted in the esophagus of a patient until the inlets of the suction tube are within the stomach. Then the suction tube is connected to a suction machine, the acoustic tube is connected to a sound-monitoring device and the wires are connected to a heart-monitoring machine.
  • This single instrument therefore serves at least three different functions, all of which can be carried on simultaneously if desired.
  • the instrument itself is relatively simple in construction and is easy to use by a person skilled in the use of esophageal tubes.
  • a multipurpose esophageal instrument for integrated monitoring of a patients physical condition comprising a suction tube for insertion in a patients esophagus and provided with an inlet in one end for stomach fluids and an outlet in its opposite end for connection to a suction machine, a separate acoustic tube encircling a portion of the suction tube with space between them, the acoustic tube having an inner end sealed to the suction tube in a location adjacent to but spaced from the inlet end thereof, the outer end of the acoustic tube being provided with an opening through which the suction tube emerges, the outer end of the acoustic tube also having an outlet for connection to a sound-monitoring device, the inner end portion of the acoustic tube having lateral openings therein, a diaphragm sleeve encircling said inner portion of the acoustic tube, the opposite ends of the sleeve being sealed to the acoustic tube with said lateral openings
  • a multipurpose esophageal instrument in which said opening in the acoustic tube for emergence of the suction tube is in the side wall of the acoustic tube, the suction tube snugly engages the wall of said opening, and a coupling is connected to the outer end of the acoustic tube for connection to a sound-monitoring device.
  • a multipurpose esophageal instrument in which there are three of said electrode bands and three of said wires, one band being located close to each end of said diaphragm sleeve, and the third band being spaced outwardly along the acoustic tube from the other two bands.

Abstract

An instrument for integrated monitoring of a patient''s physical condition includes a suction tube for insertion in his esophagus, the tube being provided with an inlet in one end for stomach fluids and an outlet in its opposite end for connection to a suction machine. A portion of the tube is encircled by an acoustic tube that is spaced from it, although the inner end of the acoustic tube is sealed to the suction tube in a location adjacent to, but spaced from, the inlet end of the suction tube. The outer end of the acoustic tube has an opening through which the suction tube emerges, and an outlet for connection to a sound-monitoring device. The inner end portion of the acoustic tube has lateral openings therein covered by diaphragm means. A plurality of spaced electrode bands encircle the acoustic tube adjacent the sleeve and are connected to wires extending outwardly along the acoustic tube and away from its outer end for connection to a heart-monitoring machine.

Description

United States Patent Calmog [54] MULTIPURPOSE ESOPHAGEAL INSTRUMENT [76] Inventor: Teodoro A. Calinog, 320 E. North Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15212 [22] Filed: June 21,1971
21 Appl. No.: 155,044
[52] US. Cl. ..128/2.06 E, l28/2.05 S, 128/351,
l28/DIG. 4 [5 1] Int. Cl. ..A61b 5/04 [58] Field of Search ..l28/2.05 R, 2.05 S,
OTHER PUBLICATIONS Schaudinschky et al. Medical & Biological Engineering Vol. 7, pp. 341-343 1969 451 May 22, 1973 Primary Examiner-William E. Kamm Attorney-Brown, Murray, Flick & Peckham [57] ABSTRACT An instrument for integrated monitoring of a patients physical condition includes a suction tube for insertion in his esophagus, the tube being provided with an inlet in one end for stomach fluids and an outlet in its opposite end for connection to a suction machine. A portion of the tube is encircled by an acoustic tube that is spaced from it, although the inner end of the acoustic tube is sealed to the suction tube in a location adjacent to, but spaced from, the inlet end of the suction tube. The outer end of the acoustic tube has an opening through which the suction tube emerges, and an outlet for connection to a sound-monitoring device. The inner end portion of the acoustic tube has lateral openings therein covered by diaphragm means. A plurality of spaced electrode bands encircle the acoustic tube adjacent the sleeve and are connected to wires extending outwardly along the acoustic tube and away from its outer end for connection to a heart-monitoring machine.
3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATEN] E :arr r2 2 m5 M/I/EA/TOR. TEODORO .4. CAL lA/OG em w A TTORNEW.
MULTIPURPOSE ESOPHAGEAL INSTRUMENT ln monitoring a patients physical condition it sometimes is desirable to withdraw fluids, such as liquid and air, from the stomach. This is done by a suction tube. It may also be desirable to record his heart beats and to ascertain the condition of his heart by means of an electrocardiogram or the like. Recording the heart beats and the condition of the heart are generally done by means engaging external surfaces of the patients body.
It is among the objects of this invention to provide a relatively simple instrument that can be inserted in a patients esophagus and that permits the conditions mentioned above to be monitored at simultaneously or in succession.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a side view of the instrument; and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section.
Referring to the drawings, a flexible suction tube 1 of any desired length, but long enough to be passed down through the esophagus and into the stomach with its outer end protruding from the patients mouth, has a coupling 2 at its outer end for connecting it to a known suction machine. The inner end portion of the tube that will be in the patients stomach is provided with one or more inlets 3, through which liquids and air can be withdrawn by the suction machine.
Encircling the suction tube is a flexible acoustic tube 5 that likewise must extend out of the patients mouth. However, the acoustic tube is considerably shorter than the suction tube and its inner end terminates near the suction tube inlets 3, but far enough away from them to prevent it from extending into the stomach. The major portion of the acoustic tube is spaced from the suction tube to leave a sound passage between them, but the inner end of the acoustic tube is sealed against the suction tube in any suitable manner. The outer end of the acoustic tube is designed to be connected to a sound-monitoring device of known construction, so the tube is provided with an outlet coupling. Although the outlet could be in the side of the outer portion of the tube, in which case the suction tube would extend out of the end, the outlet preferably is formed by the outer end of the tube, in which the coupling 6 is mounted. The outer end portion of the acoustic tube is provided with a lateral opening, through which the suction tube emerges. The wall of the opening snugly engages the suction tube.
To admist heart sounds into the acoustic tube, its inner end portion is provided with a plurality of lateral openings 8 that are covered by diaphragm means to accentuate the sound and also to prevent body fluids from entering the opening. Preferably, the diaphragm means is a flexible sleeve 9 encircling the acoustic tube. The opposite ends of the sleeve are sealed to the tube, with the group of openings 8 between them.
In order to connect this instrument with a heart monitoring machine, such as an electrocardiogram, the inner end portion of the acoustic tube is provided with electrodes that can be wired to the machine. There are at least two electrodes, and preferably three. These electrodes most suitably are in the form of metal bands encircling the acoustic tube. Two of these bands 11 and 12 are located on the tube near the opposite ends of the diaphragm sleeve. The third one 13 is spaced a short distance outwardly from the first two. Joined to each of these bands is a wire 14 that extends out along the acoustic tube and away from its side wall at the outer end portion of the tube. Where the wires leave the tube, they are tightly engaged by it. The wires may extend along between the two tubes or they may be molded into the acoustic tube. The exposed outer ends of the wires are provided with terminals 15 for connection to the heart-monitoring machine.
In using this instrument it is inserted in the esophagus of a patient until the inlets of the suction tube are within the stomach. Then the suction tube is connected to a suction machine, the acoustic tube is connected to a sound-monitoring device and the wires are connected to a heart-monitoring machine. This single instrument therefore serves at least three different functions, all of which can be carried on simultaneously if desired. The instrument itself is relatively simple in construction and is easy to use by a person skilled in the use of esophageal tubes.
According to the provisions of the patent statutes, I have explained the principle of my invention and have illustrated and described what I now consider to represent its best embodiment. However, I desire to have it understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described.
I claim:
1. A multipurpose esophageal instrument for integrated monitoring of a patients physical condition, comprising a suction tube for insertion in a patients esophagus and provided with an inlet in one end for stomach fluids and an outlet in its opposite end for connection to a suction machine, a separate acoustic tube encircling a portion of the suction tube with space between them, the acoustic tube having an inner end sealed to the suction tube in a location adjacent to but spaced from the inlet end thereof, the outer end of the acoustic tube being provided with an opening through which the suction tube emerges, the outer end of the acoustic tube also having an outlet for connection to a sound-monitoring device, the inner end portion of the acoustic tube having lateral openings therein, a diaphragm sleeve encircling said inner portion of the acoustic tube, the opposite ends of the sleeve being sealed to the acoustic tube with said lateral openings between the sleeve ends, a plurality of spaced electrode bands encircling the acoustic tube adjacent said diaphragm sleeve, and a wire connected to each band and extending outwardly along the acoustic tube and away from its outer end portion for connection to a heartmonitoring machine.
2. A multipurpose esophageal instrument according to claim 1, in which said opening in the acoustic tube for emergence of the suction tube is in the side wall of the acoustic tube, the suction tube snugly engages the wall of said opening, and a coupling is connected to the outer end of the acoustic tube for connection to a sound-monitoring device.
3. A multipurpose esophageal instrument according to claim 2, in which there are three of said electrode bands and three of said wires, one band being located close to each end of said diaphragm sleeve, and the third band being spaced outwardly along the acoustic tube from the other two bands.

Claims (3)

1. A multipurpose esophageal instrument for integrated monitoring of a patient''s physical condition, comprising a suction tube for insertion in a patient''s esophagus and provided with an inlet in one end for stomach fluids and an outlet in its opposite end for connection to a suction machine, a separate acoustic tube encircling a portion of the suction tube with space between them, the acoustic tube having an inner end sealed to the suction tube in a location adjacent to but spaced from the inlet end thereof, the outer end of the acoustic tube being provided with an opening through which the suction tube emerges, the outer end of the acoustic tube also having an outlet for connection to a sound-monitoring device, the inner end portion of the acoustic tube having lateral openings therein, a diaphragm sleeve encircling said inner portion of the acoustic tube, the opposite ends of the sleeve being sealed to the acoustic tube with said lateral openings between the sleeve ends, a plurality of spaced electrode bands encircling the acoustic tube adjacent said diaphragm sleeve, and a wire connected to each band and extending outwardly along the acoustic tube and away from its outer end portion for connection to a heart-monitoring machine.
2. A multipurpose esophageal instrument according to claim 1, in which said opening in the acoustic tube for emergence of the suction tube is in the side wall of the acoustic tube, the suction tube snugly engages the wall of said opening, and a coupling is connected to the outer end of the acoustic tube for connection to a sound-monitoring device.
3. A multipurpose esophageal instrument according to clAim 2, in which there are three of said electrode bands and three of said wires, one band being located close to each end of said diaphragm sleeve, and the third band being spaced outwardly along the acoustic tube from the other two bands.
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Cited By (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3951136A (en) * 1973-10-10 1976-04-20 Vital Signs, Inc. Multiple purpose esophageal probe
US4088138A (en) * 1974-01-02 1978-05-09 Cardiac Resuscitator Corp. Cardiac resuscitator and monitoring apparatus
US4176660A (en) * 1978-03-10 1979-12-04 University Patents, Inc. Disposable esophageal and tracheal multi-probes
FR2477405A1 (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-11 Kendall & Co ADVANCED OESOPHAGIAN PROBE
USRE30750E (en) * 1972-05-15 1981-09-29 Cardiac Resuscitator Corporation Cardiac resuscitator and monitoring apparatus
US4304240A (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-12-08 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe with dual sound detection
US4324262A (en) * 1979-01-02 1982-04-13 University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Aspirating culture catheter and method of use
US4349031A (en) * 1980-03-07 1982-09-14 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe with disposable cover
US4354501A (en) * 1979-08-28 1982-10-19 Univ Washington Esophageal catheter including ultrasonic transducer for use in detection of air emboli
US4383534A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-05-17 Peters Jeffrey L Vital signs monitoring apparatus
USRE31377E (en) * 1978-03-10 1983-09-13 University Patents, Inc. Disposable esophageal and tracheal multi-probes
US4476872A (en) * 1980-03-07 1984-10-16 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe with disposable cover
US4517984A (en) * 1980-03-07 1985-05-21 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe
US4607643A (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-08-26 Bell Floyd R Endotracheal tube/stethoscope combination
US4671295A (en) * 1985-01-15 1987-06-09 Applied Biometrics, Inc. Method for measuring cardiac output
WO1988006903A1 (en) * 1987-03-17 1988-09-22 Nakhgevany Karim B Endotracheal tube
US4807638A (en) * 1987-10-21 1989-02-28 Bomed Medical Manufacturing, Ltd. Noninvasive continuous mean arterial blood prssure monitor
US4836214A (en) * 1986-12-01 1989-06-06 Bomed Medical Manufacturing, Ltd. Esophageal electrode array for electrical bioimpedance measurement
US4865586A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-09-12 Martha Hedberg Suction stylet for endotracheal intubation
US4887610A (en) * 1988-10-19 1989-12-19 University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Device to measure electrical and mechanical events in the human sphincters
US4917107A (en) * 1984-11-09 1990-04-17 Medi-Tube Corporation Endotracheal tube/stethoscope combination
US4946440A (en) * 1988-10-05 1990-08-07 Hall John E Evertible membrane catheter and method of use
US4967743A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-11-06 Ballard Medical Products Neonatal closed system for involuntary aspiration and ventilation, and method
US5056514A (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-10-15 Dupont Frank Endotracheal stethoscope
US5065754A (en) * 1990-06-06 1991-11-19 Ballard Medical Products Aspirating catheter tube inserter
US5069215A (en) * 1989-02-06 1991-12-03 Arzco Medical Electronics, Inc. Multiple electrode affixable sheet
US5107829A (en) * 1987-03-11 1992-04-28 Ballard Medical Products Neonatal closed system for involuntary aspiration and ventilation, and method
US5109851A (en) * 1989-02-06 1992-05-05 Arzco Medical Systems, Inc. Multiple electrode affixable sheet
US5119832A (en) * 1989-07-11 1992-06-09 Ravi Xavier Epidural catheter with nerve stimulators
US5133345A (en) * 1987-03-11 1992-07-28 Ballard Medical Products Neonatal closed system for involuntary aspiration and ventilation, and method
US5179952A (en) * 1990-08-13 1993-01-19 Arzco Medical Electronics Inc. Electrocardial stimulator probe
US5191892A (en) * 1991-09-10 1993-03-09 Blikken Wayland G Esophageal/stethoscopic gastric tube
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US5199433A (en) * 1989-02-06 1993-04-06 Arzco Medical Systems, Inc. Esophageal recording/pacing catheter with thermistor and cardiac imaging transceiver
US5215522A (en) * 1984-07-23 1993-06-01 Ballard Medical Products Single use medical aspirating device and method
US5277177A (en) * 1984-07-23 1994-01-11 Ballard Medical Products Single use medical aspirating device and method
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US5788631A (en) * 1982-03-22 1998-08-04 Instrumentarium Corporation Hollow viscus and solid organ tonometry
US6010453A (en) * 1982-03-22 2000-01-04 Instrumentarium Corporation Tonometric catheter combination
US6322518B1 (en) 1993-12-06 2001-11-27 Heska Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring cardiac output
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US6877512B2 (en) * 2001-09-05 2005-04-12 The Regents Of The University Of California Airway device
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US9763624B2 (en) 2009-10-02 2017-09-19 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Endotracheal tube apparatus
US9907484B2 (en) 2012-11-29 2018-03-06 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Endobronchial tube apparatus
US9913594B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-03-13 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Compliant electrode for EMG endotracheal tube
US9931079B2 (en) 2012-01-04 2018-04-03 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Clamp for securing a terminal end of a wire to a surface electrode
US11110240B2 (en) 2017-09-07 2021-09-07 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Endotracheal tube with tube coating
US11241195B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2022-02-08 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. System and method for evoking a reflex to monitor the nerves of the larynx
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Cited By (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE30750E (en) * 1972-05-15 1981-09-29 Cardiac Resuscitator Corporation Cardiac resuscitator and monitoring apparatus
US3951136A (en) * 1973-10-10 1976-04-20 Vital Signs, Inc. Multiple purpose esophageal probe
US4088138A (en) * 1974-01-02 1978-05-09 Cardiac Resuscitator Corp. Cardiac resuscitator and monitoring apparatus
US4176660A (en) * 1978-03-10 1979-12-04 University Patents, Inc. Disposable esophageal and tracheal multi-probes
USRE31377E (en) * 1978-03-10 1983-09-13 University Patents, Inc. Disposable esophageal and tracheal multi-probes
US4324262A (en) * 1979-01-02 1982-04-13 University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Aspirating culture catheter and method of use
US4354501A (en) * 1979-08-28 1982-10-19 Univ Washington Esophageal catheter including ultrasonic transducer for use in detection of air emboli
US4349031A (en) * 1980-03-07 1982-09-14 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe with disposable cover
FR2477405A1 (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-11 Kendall & Co ADVANCED OESOPHAGIAN PROBE
US4304240A (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-12-08 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe with dual sound detection
JPS56139763A (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-10-31 Kendall & Co Esophageal probe
US4476872A (en) * 1980-03-07 1984-10-16 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe with disposable cover
US4517984A (en) * 1980-03-07 1985-05-21 The Kendall Company Esophageal probe
JPH0428371B2 (en) * 1980-03-07 1992-05-14 Kendall & Co
US4383534A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-05-17 Peters Jeffrey L Vital signs monitoring apparatus
US6010453A (en) * 1982-03-22 2000-01-04 Instrumentarium Corporation Tonometric catheter combination
US5526809A (en) * 1982-03-22 1996-06-18 Mountpelier Investments, S.A. Hollow viscous and soild organ tonometry
US5788631A (en) * 1982-03-22 1998-08-04 Instrumentarium Corporation Hollow viscus and solid organ tonometry
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