US3677907A - Codeposition of a metal and fluorocarbon resin particles - Google Patents
Codeposition of a metal and fluorocarbon resin particles Download PDFInfo
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- US3677907A US3677907A US834908A US3677907DA US3677907A US 3677907 A US3677907 A US 3677907A US 834908 A US834908 A US 834908A US 3677907D A US3677907D A US 3677907DA US 3677907 A US3677907 A US 3677907A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
- C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
Definitions
- Such baths contain the fluorocarbon resin particles in an amount of at least about 1 gram/ liter, and preferably in an amount of about 2 to grams/ liter.
- the fluorocarbon surfactant is desirably present in the bath in an amount of at least about 0.01 grams/ liter and preferably in an amount within the range of about 0.01 to 5 grams/ liter.
- Various fluorocarbon surfactants may be used so long as they are soluble in the plating baths and are not detrimental to the plating of the fluorocarbon resin particles and/or the metal. Examples of some of the fluorocarbon surfactants which may be used to obtain a dense codeposition of the resin particles with the metal are given in Table I.
- the fluorocarbon surface-active agents do not have detergent properties for the usual types of organic contamination (dust, traces of organic materials from vat linings, etc.) that may cause hydrogen gas bubbles to stick to the cathode, thus causing pitting in the cathode.
- the usual hydrocarbon surfactants for nickel plating such as sodium 2-ethyl hexyl sulfate, and sodium n-octyl sulfate to sodium lauryl sulfate, solubilize in their micelles the ordinary hydrocarbon type impurities, unlike the micelles of the fluorocarbon surfactants.
- the fluorocarbon surfactants are unique in their ability to Wet the fluorocarbon resin particles, and make possible the extensive codeposition of the dispersed fluorocarbon powders.
- the promoter addition agents for the acid copper plating baths are salts of monovalent cations such as those of thallium, cesium, rubidium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, amines, especially aliphatic polyamines or imines, such as tetraethylene pentamine, or amino acids such as alanine, or EDTA.
- the above brass bath yields about an 80-20 copperzinc brass alloy plate with the codeposited Teflon particles present.
- By using different ratios of copper to zinc it is possible to deposit higher zinc alloy brasses such as 70-30 and 60-40 copper-zinc brasses.
- the electroplating baths for the codeposition of the fiuorochemical resin particles should have relatively high cathode efficiencies, cathode efliciencies of at least about 90% being preferred. Additionally, however, electroless (electrodeless) copper or nickel or cobalt (or the alloys of the iron group) plating baths, which also incorporate fluorocarbon resin particles and the fluorocarbon surfactants, such as perfluoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid or its salts, may also be used.
- Teflon particles and fluorocarbon sufactant as in Example I and the bath was operated at a temperature of from 170-180 F. to obtain a codeposit of Teflon particles and electroless nickel plate on a steel surface immersed therein.
- Acid gold baths operated at pH values from 3-6 may also be used instead of alkaline ones, for example:
- a method of electroplating which comprises codepositing dispersed fine fluorocarbon resin particles with a metal from an aqueous metal plating bath having cathode efficiencies higher than about and having dissolved in said plating bath a fluorocarbon surfactant in a concentration of at least about 0.01 gram/liter, and having at least 1 gram/liter of the fluorocarbon resin particles dispersed in the metal plating bath.
- fluorocarbon resin particles are essentially polytetrafluoroethylene of particle size less than about 50 microns.
- fluorocarbon surfactant is essentially perfluoro n-octyl sulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.01 to 1 gram/liter.
- fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.05 to 2 grams/ liter.
- fluorocarbon resin particles are essentially polytetrafluoroethylene of particle size less than about 50 microns.
- a bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially a lead-tin alloy electroplating bath.
Abstract
FINE PARTICLES OF FLUOROCARBON RESINS SUCH AS TEFLON PARTICLES CAN BE READILY CODEPOSITED WITH METALS WHEN THEY ARE DISPERSED IN AQUEOUS PLATING BATHS, WHEN THERE IS ALSO PRECENT IN THE BATHS A FLUOROCARBON SURFACTANT SUCH AS PERFLUORO N-OCTANOIC ACID, PERFLUORO N-OCTYL SULFONIC ACID, PERFLUORO P-ETHYL CYCLOHEXYL SULFONIC ACID, OR THEIR SALTS. SUCH 2-PHASE COMPOSITE PLATES HAVE GOOD ANTI-SEIZING AND ANTI-FRICTION PROPERTIES.
Description
United States Patent 3,677,907 CODEPOSITION OF A METAL AND FLUORO- CARBON RESIN PARTICLES Henry Brown, Huntington Woods, and Thaddeus W. Tomaaewski, Dearborn, Mich., assignors to The Udylite Corporation, Warren, Mich. No Drawing. Filed June 19, 1969, Ser. No. 834,908 Int. Cl. C23b /48, 5/20 US. Cl. 204-16 18 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Fine particles of fluorocarbon resins such as Teflon particles can be readily codeposited with metals when they are dispersed in aqueous plating baths, when there is also precent in the baths a fluorocarbon surfactant such as perfluoro n-octanoic acid, pei'fluoro n-octyl sulfonic acid, perfluoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid, or their salts. Such 2-phase composite plates have good anti-seizing and anti-friction properties.
This invention relates to the cathodic codeposition of multitudinous fine particles of fluorocarbon or modified fluorocarbon resins dispersed as fine powders in aqueous electroplating baths containing dissolved therein fluorocarbon surface-active agents. It relates especially to the codeposition of these fluorocarbon resin powders with nickel, cobalt, iron and their binary and ternary alloys, and with copper, silver, gold brass, lead, and lead-tin and lead-tin-copper alloys from the respective metal plating baths containing dissolved therein a fluorocarbon surfactant.
We have found that fine powders of fluorocarbon resins when dispersed for example in a Watts nickel bath will not appreciably codeposit on vertical surfaces unless a fluorocarbon surface-active agent is also present in the bath. It is necessary to have a fluorocarbon surface-active agent dissolved in the aqueous electroplating bath before it is possible to densely codeposit the fine particles of the fluorocarbon resins on vertical surfaces.
Fluorocarbon solid surfaces have the lowest coefficient of friction of any solid. This is due to their extremely low surface energies or surface tensions. Therefore the incorporation of multitudinous particles of fluorocarbon resins in the electrodeposited surfaces of nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, lead, lead-tin, brass, silver, bronze, etc. leads to surfaces which have excellent anti-seizing properteis and good lubricity even when dry. Teflon particles (polytetrafluoroethylene), modified Teflon such as VydaX (which is a fluorocarbon telomer), Kel-F powder (polytrifluorochloroethylene) are examples of fluorocarbon or modified fluorocarbon powders which can be obtained in a finely divided state. The important factor for obtaining the maximum in dry lubrication and anti-seizing properties is a high volume percent of the codeposited particles. Also, it is important that these fluorocarbon resin powders contain a prepondenace (over 50%) of fluoro groups attached to the carbon atoms of the polymeric resins. Thus, chloro groups, or oxygen or oxygen containing groups or hydrogen or nitrogen containing groups can be present, but as relatively minor constituents.
The particle sizes of the powders that codeposit from the nickel, nickel alloy, copper, lead, lead-tin, etc. aqueous electroplating baths range from about 2 to 3 mils down to submicroscopic particles. Often there are coarser resin particles present in the dispersed powders in the plating baths, but these do not readily codeposit on vertical surfaces. It was also found that in general, it was advantageous to wash the fluorocarbon resin powders with isopropyl alcohol before mixing them into the plat- 3,677,907 Patented July 18, 1972 ing baths containing the dissolved fluorochemical surfaceactive agents. This step aided the rapid wetting of the fluorocarbon resin powders by the fluorocarbon sufactants.
These fluorocarbon resin powders codeposit on vertical surfaces as well as on shelf areas with the most uniform codeposition occurring with the finest powders even with very thin plate of 0.05 to 0.1 mil thicknesses. However to plate out a maximum of the particles of 0.1 mil to 2 mils (2.5 to 50 microns) sizes, thicknesses of plate of 0.1 mil to about 0.5 or even to 1 mil thicknesses should be used. The formation of a densely populated metal surface with codeposited resin particles persists with continued plating past 2 mils thicknesses with consistent codeposition.
The plating solutions of the present invention are metal plating baths in which the fluorocarbon resin particles are dispersed and which also contain, in addition to the metal ions to be plated, at least one fluorocarbon surfactant. These solutions may be electroplating baths for plating nickel, cobalt, iron, the binary and ternary alloys of these, copper, silver, gold, brass, lead, lead-tin or leadtin-copper alloys, and the like. Such plating baths are conventional and Well known to those in the art.
It is desirable that such baths contain the fluorocarbon resin particles in an amount of at least about 1 gram/ liter, and preferably in an amount of about 2 to grams/ liter. The fluorocarbon surfactant is desirably present in the bath in an amount of at least about 0.01 grams/ liter and preferably in an amount within the range of about 0.01 to 5 grams/ liter. Various fluorocarbon surfactants may be used so long as they are soluble in the plating baths and are not detrimental to the plating of the fluorocarbon resin particles and/or the metal. Examples of some of the fluorocarbon surfactants which may be used to obtain a dense codeposition of the resin particles with the metal are given in Table I.
TABLE I Fluorocarbon Surface-Active Agents 1) pertluorocyclohexyl sulfonic acid F S 0 H (Na, +K, 0.150., salt) 0 Fa- S 0 11 C 2 F5 F -S 03H 5) C F3 C F3 Que...
F 0 F 0 F28 03H 9) O F-,\(C Fa -C F28 0311, where n=28 10 01c 1*.(0 F2)nC F28 0311 11 omo rot-o rzcoon 12 ClCF2(CF2)nCFaCOOH 13) 01 0 maroon-o F20 OOH 14 no FAG F2)nC F20 OOH 15 norztoro -o F21 o on 2 16) no mo Fa -onto s 0,11
) armor) ori lon 16 3 2 2 3 0- 18) ergo Fa -ch ornltoozrn 011 19 0 mo ra -o H2NH2HC1 In some cases it is desirable to use the normal hydrocarbon surfactants together with the fluorocarbon surfactants. For example, in the acidic type of nickel baths, like the Watts bath or the high chloride nickel bath, the fluorocarbon surfactants, even though they lower the surface tension more than the best type of hydrocarbon surfactants for nickel and nickel alloy baths, they do not prevent hydrogen gas pitting. That is, the fluorocarbon surface-active agents do not have detergent properties for the usual types of organic contamination (dust, traces of organic materials from vat linings, etc.) that may cause hydrogen gas bubbles to stick to the cathode, thus causing pitting in the cathode. The usual hydrocarbon surfactants for nickel plating such as sodium 2-ethyl hexyl sulfate, and sodium n-octyl sulfate to sodium lauryl sulfate, solubilize in their micelles the ordinary hydrocarbon type impurities, unlike the micelles of the fluorocarbon surfactants. However, the fluorocarbon surfactants are unique in their ability to Wet the fluorocarbon resin particles, and make possible the extensive codeposition of the dispersed fluorocarbon powders.
In some cases it is also desirable to codeposit inorganic bath-insoluble line particles such as barium sulfate or strontium sulfate or mica along with the fluorocarbon resin particles, in order to add strength to the composite plate, Without decreasing the high lubricity and antiseizing properties of the plate. In fact, just the dense codeposition of particles such as barium or strontium sulfate provides very important lubricity and anti-stick properties, because of the slip qualities of these particular powders. However, if over about 50 g./l. of barium sulfate is used in the baths containing about 50 g./l. of the fluorocarbon dispersed particles, then the codeposition of the barium sulfate particles will predominate over fluorocarbon particles.
When air agitation is used to keep the particles dispersed in the bath, the shorter chain surfactants in general are preferred to avoid over-foaming. With mechanical agitation, the longer chain surfactants can be used as Well as the shorter chain types. The use of anti-foaming agents is generally not desirable, but certain ones, like octyl alcohol cause no troubles.
In the case of acid copper plating baths it is also necessary to have present in the bath besides a fluorocarbon surfactant, a promoter addition agent to cause the extensive codepos'ition of the fluorocarbon resins on vertical surfaces. The promoter addition agents for the acid copper plating baths are salts of monovalent cations such as those of thallium, cesium, rubidium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, amines, especially aliphatic polyamines or imines, such as tetraethylene pentamine, or amino acids such as alanine, or EDTA. Actually the use of amino acids and especiall chelating agents of the type of EDTA help in the codeposition of the fluorocarbon particles not only in acid copper plating baths where they are the most helpful, but also in zinc sulfate baths, nickel plating baths, alkaline cyanide silver and copper plating baths, in brass plating baths, and in pyrophosphate copper plating baths.
Below are listed some examples of electroplating baths for codepositing fluorocarbon resin particles with metals.
EXAMPLE I Concentration in grams per liter NiSO -6H O 200-300. NiCl -6H O 40. Teflon particles (1 micron to about 50 microns particle size) 30-100. Perfiuoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid 0.1-2. p-Toluene sulfonamide 0-2. Benzene sulfonamide 0-2. o-Benzoyl sulfimide 0-2. S-Methoxy coumarin 0-0.5. Temperature-l00 to 160 F pH 2.5-5.2. Cathode current density 20-60 amps/sq. ft. Air agitation.
EXAMPLE II Concentration in grams per liter CuSO -5H O -250. H 80 5-100. Teflon particles (1 micron to about 50 microns particle size) 2-150.
Perfluoro n-octyl sulfonic acid 0-0.01. Perfiuoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sultonic acid 0.1-2. EDTA 5-20. Temperature-60 to F. Agitation-air or mechanical. Cathode current density 10-100 amps/sq. ft.
EXAMPLE III High cathode efliciency brass bath (90%+) Concentration in grams per liter Perfluoro ammonium n-octanoate or Perfiuoro potassium p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonate 0.5-2. Temperaturel70 to F. Cathode current density 10-40 amps/sq. ft.
Mild air agitation or gentle mechanical agitation.
The above brass bath yields about an 80-20 copperzinc brass alloy plate with the codeposited Teflon particles present. By using different ratios of copper to zinc, it is possible to deposit higher zinc alloy brasses such as 70-30 and 60-40 copper-zinc brasses. Also by adding small concentrations of lead carbonate or lead acetate to the baths, it is possible to incorporate a small percentage of lead into the brass deposits which also helps in anti-friction applications.
The electroplating baths for the codeposition of the fiuorochemical resin particles should have relatively high cathode efficiencies, cathode efliciencies of at least about 90% being preferred. Additionally, however, electroless (electrodeless) copper or nickel or cobalt (or the alloys of the iron group) plating baths, which also incorporate fluorocarbon resin particles and the fluorocarbon surfactants, such as perfluoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid or its salts, may also be used.
EXAMPLE IV By way of example of the use of such electroless baths, a bath is formulated containing the following components in the amount indicated:
Concentration in grams/liter Basic nickel carbonate 10. Hydrofluoric acid 6 ml./liter. Citric acid 5.5.
NH HF 10. Sodium hydrophosphite 20. Ammonium hydroxide 30 ml./liter.
To this bath was added the Teflon particles and fluorocarbon sufactant as in Example I and the bath was operated at a temperature of from 170-180 F. to obtain a codeposit of Teflon particles and electroless nickel plate on a steel surface immersed therein.
EXAMPLE V The following baths were formulated with the components and in the amounts indicated:
To each of these baths was added the Teflon particles and fluorocarbon surfactant as in Example I. The baths were then operated under the following conditions of codeposit the respective metals and Teflon particles, as in Example I:
Temperature 120-150 F. Current density up to amp/sq. ft. Gold or steel anodes.
Acid gold baths operated at pH values from 3-6 may also be used instead of alkaline ones, for example:
Gold 4-12 g./l. Citrates 90 g./l. pH 3-6. Cathode current density lamps/sq. ft. Anodes carbon or platinum.
Temperature 60-100 F. Cathode current density amps/sq. ft. Lead-tin alloy anodes.
Temperature 70-80 F. Current density 5-15 amps/sq. ft.
Silver anode.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of electroplating which comprises codepositing dispersed fine fluorocarbon resin particles with a metal from an aqueous metal plating bath having cathode efficiencies higher than about and having dissolved in said plating bath a fluorocarbon surfactant in a concentration of at least about 0.01 gram/liter, and having at least 1 gram/liter of the fluorocarbon resin particles dispersed in the metal plating bath.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fluorocarbon resin particles are essentially polytetrafluoroethylene of particle size less than about 50 microns.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fluorocarbon surfactant is essentially perfluoro n-octyl sulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.01 to 1 gram/liter.
4. A method in accordance With claim 1 wherein said fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.05 to 2 grams/ liter.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially an acidic nickel electroplating bath.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal plating bath is an alkaline silver electroplating bath.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially an electroless nickel plating bath.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially a gold electroplating bath.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially a lead-tin alloy electroplating bath.
10. An aqueous metal plating bath comprising a plating bath of cathode efliciency greater than about 90% and containing dispersed therein at least 1 gram/liter of fine fluorocarbon resin particles and having dissolved in said plating baths a fluorocarbon surfactant in a concentration of at least about 0.01 gram/liter.
11. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said fluorocarbon resin particles are essentially polytetrafluoroethylene of particle size less than about 50 microns.
12. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said fluorocarbon surfactant is essentially perfluoro n-octyl sulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.01 to 1 gram/liter.
13. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluoro p-ethyl cyclohexyl sulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.15 to 2 grams/ liter.
14. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially an acidic nickel electroplating bath.
15. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said metal plating bath is an alkaline silver electroplating bath.
16. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially an electroless nickel plating bath.
17. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially a gold electroplating bath.
18. A bath in accordance with claim 10 wherein said metal plating bath is essentially a lead-tin alloy electroplating bath.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,434,942 3/ 1969 Waterman 204-38 R 2,820,752 l/1958 Heller 204-181 3,506,555 4/1970 Stadler et a1. 204-181 3,461,044 8/ 1969 Lyons et a1 204-38 R 3,403,089 9/ 1968 Joyce 204181 3,356,467 12/1967 Brown 204-41 3,175,964 3/1965 Watanabe et a1 204-181 2,530,366 11/1950 Gray 204-181 (Other references on following page) 7 8 UNITED STATES PATENTS The Co-Deposition of Copper and Graphite, 1. Electro- 5 2 1 6/1971 Hovey et 1 204-42 chem. $06., 54 1928, by Fmk 1 31., pp. 315-316. 3,539,489 11/1970 Ness 204-481 I 3 497 440 2 1970 weigel 204 181 JOHN MACK Primary Exammer 5 R. L. ANDREWS, Assistant Examiner OTHER REFERENCES Electrophoretic Deposition, Kirk-Othmer Encyclqpedia of Chem. Technology, 2nd ed. 1965, vol. 8, pp. 27, 106-1; 204-43, 46, 48, 52 R, 181 31, 32.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83490869A | 1969-06-19 | 1969-06-19 |
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| US3677907A true US3677907A (en) | 1972-07-18 |
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| US834908A Expired - Lifetime US3677907A (en) | 1969-06-19 | 1969-06-19 | Codeposition of a metal and fluorocarbon resin particles |
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Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2176912A1 (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1973-11-02 | Akzo Nv | |
| JPS5019636A (en) * | 1973-06-23 | 1975-03-01 | ||
| JPS50114352A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1975-09-08 | ||
| US4098654A (en) * | 1975-10-04 | 1978-07-04 | Akzo N.V. | Codeposition of a metal and fluorocarbon resin particles |
| EP0005890A2 (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1979-12-12 | Akzo N.V. | Process for depositing composite coatings containing inorganic particles from an electroplating bath |
| US4222828A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1980-09-16 | Akzo N.V. | Process for electro-codepositing inorganic particles and a metal on a surface |
| US4302374A (en) * | 1975-10-04 | 1981-11-24 | Akzo N.V. | Stable dispersion of positively charged polyfluorocarbon resin particles |
| FR2507631A1 (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-17 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | COMPOSITION FOR ELECTROLYTIC TIN DEPOSITION CONTAINING PERFLUOROALKYLSULFONATE AS WETTING AGENT |
| US4728398A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1988-03-01 | Werner Fluhmann AG | Electroplating bath for simultaneous deposition of metal and a permanent solid lubricant |
| US4797183A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1989-01-10 | Kao Corporation | Electroplated composite of zinc and organic polymer |
| US4997686A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1991-03-05 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Composite electroless plating-solutions, processes, and articles thereof |
| US5145517A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1992-09-08 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Composite electroless plating-solutions, processes, and articles thereof |
| US5232744A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1993-08-03 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Electroless composite plating bath and method |
| US5300330A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1994-04-05 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Stabilized composite electroless plating compositions |
| US5385760A (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-01-31 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Process for the production of a composite coating of a functional substance in a metal matrix on the surface of an article |
| US5389229A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-02-14 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Prestabilization of particulate matter prior to their dispersion |
| JPH07252447A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Fluororesin coating compound composition |
| US5721055A (en) * | 1995-01-03 | 1998-02-24 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Lubricated textile spinning machinery parts |
| US6306466B1 (en) | 1981-04-01 | 2001-10-23 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Stabilizers for composite electroless plating |
| US20040221765A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | David Crotty | Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion for electroless nickel plating applications |
| US20060068194A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-03-30 | Feldstein Michael D | Flame retardant coating |
| US20060251910A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Lancsek Thomas S | Composite electroless plating |
| US20070184271A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-09 | Feldstein Michael D | Coated textile machinery parts |
| US20070196642A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Feldstein Michael D | Coating for biological rejuvenation |
| US20090011136A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-01-08 | Thomas Steven Lancsek | Composite electroless plating |
| WO2014144180A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Enthone Inc. | Electrodeposition of silver with fluoropolymer nanoparticles |
| US20160032478A1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-02-04 | Sony Corporation | Plating film, method of manufacturing plating film, and plated product |
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- 1969-06-19 US US834908A patent/US3677907A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2176912A1 (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1973-11-02 | Akzo Nv | |
| JPS5019636A (en) * | 1973-06-23 | 1975-03-01 | ||
| JPS534498B2 (en) * | 1973-06-23 | 1978-02-17 | ||
| JPS50114352A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1975-09-08 | ||
| JPS551356B2 (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1980-01-12 | ||
| US4098654A (en) * | 1975-10-04 | 1978-07-04 | Akzo N.V. | Codeposition of a metal and fluorocarbon resin particles |
| US4302374A (en) * | 1975-10-04 | 1981-11-24 | Akzo N.V. | Stable dispersion of positively charged polyfluorocarbon resin particles |
| EP0005890A2 (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1979-12-12 | Akzo N.V. | Process for depositing composite coatings containing inorganic particles from an electroplating bath |
| EP0005890A3 (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1980-01-09 | Akzo N.V. | Process for depositing composite coatings containing inorganic particles from an electroplating bath |
| US4222828A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1980-09-16 | Akzo N.V. | Process for electro-codepositing inorganic particles and a metal on a surface |
| US5145517A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1992-09-08 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Composite electroless plating-solutions, processes, and articles thereof |
| US6306466B1 (en) | 1981-04-01 | 2001-10-23 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Stabilizers for composite electroless plating |
| US5300330A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1994-04-05 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Stabilized composite electroless plating compositions |
| US4381228A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1983-04-26 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Process and composition for the electrodeposition of tin and tin alloys |
| FR2507631A1 (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-17 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | COMPOSITION FOR ELECTROLYTIC TIN DEPOSITION CONTAINING PERFLUOROALKYLSULFONATE AS WETTING AGENT |
| US4728398A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1988-03-01 | Werner Fluhmann AG | Electroplating bath for simultaneous deposition of metal and a permanent solid lubricant |
| US4797183A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1989-01-10 | Kao Corporation | Electroplated composite of zinc and organic polymer |
| US4997686A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1991-03-05 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Composite electroless plating-solutions, processes, and articles thereof |
| US5232744A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1993-08-03 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Electroless composite plating bath and method |
| US5385760A (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-01-31 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Process for the production of a composite coating of a functional substance in a metal matrix on the surface of an article |
| US5389229A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-02-14 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Prestabilization of particulate matter prior to their dispersion |
| US5580375A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1996-12-03 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Prestabilization of particulate matter prior the dispersion |
| JPH07252447A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Fluororesin coating compound composition |
| JP2814911B2 (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1998-10-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Fluororesin paint composition |
| US5721055A (en) * | 1995-01-03 | 1998-02-24 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Lubricated textile spinning machinery parts |
| US20040221765A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | David Crotty | Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion for electroless nickel plating applications |
| US6837923B2 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2005-01-04 | David Crotty | Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion for electroless nickel plating applications |
| US20060068194A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-03-30 | Feldstein Michael D | Flame retardant coating |
| US20090011136A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-01-08 | Thomas Steven Lancsek | Composite electroless plating |
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