US3677886A - Method of producing highly absorbent cellulose - Google Patents

Method of producing highly absorbent cellulose Download PDF

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US3677886A
US3677886A US883609A US3677886DA US3677886A US 3677886 A US3677886 A US 3677886A US 883609 A US883609 A US 883609A US 3677886D A US3677886D A US 3677886DA US 3677886 A US3677886 A US 3677886A
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pulp
potential
dry
highly absorbent
amount
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Lars-Henrik Forssblad
Per Jerkeman
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Korsnas Marma AB
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
    • D21H21/10—Retention agents or drainage improvers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/22—Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky

Definitions

  • fluff highly absorbent cellulose
  • T o be suitable for fluif, the pulp should be of such a texture that the fibres can be sepa rated from each other without being shortened to any noticeable extent, and it should be possible to carry out the separation of fibres at a low consumption of energy.
  • the fluff obtained should exhibit properties being of decisive importance to its use in hygienic products, for which it is intended, such as high bulk, good elasticity, great absorption capacity and absorption rate.
  • this charge fixes an immovable and sharply defined layer having a positive charge, and said positive layer induces, in turn, in the water outside it a diffuse, negatively charged layer which is movable and moves with the water, if the latter is caused to flow.
  • the difference in potential between said diffuse charge layer and the main mass of the suspension water has been designated as Z-potential and can be determined by means of electrokinetical measuring methods.
  • the Z-potential which has the same character as the charge of the fibre surface, grows and diminishes numerically with the charge, when the latter is changed by charged particles (ions) supplied 3,677,886 Patented July 18, 1972 from outside.
  • the Z-potential and the fibre charge reach the value zero simultaneously, and thus the Z-potential gives a valuable indication of the state of charge of the fibre.
  • the new method consists in that two different-kinds of substances are added to a pulp immediately before or on the wet machine, Whereupon the pulp is dried and the dried pulp is defibrated in a manner known per se.
  • One of these substances is a nonionic or anionic, finely dispersed, high-molecular, organic substance having a molecular structure containing hydrophobic parts, and the other substance is a cationic retention agent which is added in such an amount that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero.
  • the retention agent changes the state of charge of the fibres, so that the fibres are capable of retaining nonionic and anionic substances on their surfaces.
  • the Z-potential may be determined by an electrokinetical measurement as known per se. 7
  • a number of substances are known as retention agents in other connections.
  • retention agents are several metal salts with polyvalent cations, such as Al, Ce La, Th Zr certain finely di-vided minerals such as chrysotil asbestos and certain nitrogenous organic substances such as alkyl amines, al'kyl diamines, polyimines, alkoxylated derivatives thereof, and others.
  • Example 1 A nonionic (neutral) parafiine emulsion (Mobilcer HM) containing 0.4 g. of paratiine was added, while agitating, to 5 liters aqueous suspension of a bleached pine sulphate pulp (2% concentration). After 10 minutes and while continuing the agitation, an aluminum sulphate solution (10 g. of Al (SO per liter) was added in portions, until a sample withdrawn showed that the Z-potential had assumed the value zero. For that 50 ml. of aluminum sulphate solution was needed, i.e. 0.5% Al-sulphate, calculated on the weight of the dry pulp. The Z-potential was determined by means of a Streaming Current Detector made by Waters Associate Inc., Framingham, Mass, U.S.A.
  • the pulp suspension was drained on a suction filter to form a number of fibre sheets containing about 700 g. of dry pulp per sq. In.
  • the sheets were drained by pressing to a dry content of 35% and were then dried to 93% dry content.
  • From another batch of the same bleached su1- phate pulp without added chemicals fibre sheets were formed in the same way and dried to 93% dry content.
  • Both kinds of fibre sheets were dry defibrated in a laboratory shredder equipped with means for measuring the consumption of energy during the dry defibration. In the following table the consumption of energy and the bulk of the flutf obtained are compared.
  • Example 2 While agitating, 0.06 g. of the retention agent Diaminacetat BG (Liljeholmens Stearinfabriks AB) was added to liters aqueous suspension of bleached sulphite pulp (2% concentration), and after minutes 0.45 g. of Tergitol Anionic 4 (sodium tetradecyl sulfate, produced by Union Carbide Corp.) was added, while continuing the agitation. Previously it had been ascertained by a preliminary test that the Z-potential zero was reached when adding 0.06% of the retention agent, calculated on the weight of the dry pulp.
  • Example 3 In the pulp vat of the pulp mill immediately before the wet machine, there was added to a bleached sulphate pulp of 2% concentration 0.4%, calculated on the weight of dry pulp, of nonyl-phenoxy-polyglycol ether (Berol EMU-04) emulsified in water, and 0.05% (calculated on the weight of dry pulp) of a retention agent consisting of an ethoxylated alkyl amine (Berol EMU-302). On the basis of Z-potential determinations in reference samples the amount of amine had been determined such that the Z-potential of the pulp was zero.
  • a bleached sulphate pulp 2% concentration 0.4%, calculated on the weight of dry pulp, of nonyl-phenoxy-polyglycol ether (Berol EMU-04) emulsified in water, and 0.05% (calculated on the weight of dry pulp) of a retention agent consisting of an ethoxylated alkyl amine (Berol EMU-302).
  • a method of producing highly absorbent cellulose in the form of a fluff comprising adding to a pulp, immediately before or on the wet machine, a finely dispersed high molecular Weight substance containing hydrophobic parts and selected irom the group consisting of an organic anionic agent and an organic nonionic agent, in an amount of ODS-5%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, and a cationic retention agent consisting of a water soluble salt of a polyvalent metal selected from the group consisting of A1 Ce, Th, Zr and Let in an amount of 0.01-5% of the anhydrous salt thereof, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, while regulating the amount of the added cationic substance in such a way that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero, drying the pulp, and then defibrating the dry pulp.
  • a method of producing highly absorbent cellulose in the form of a fluff comprising adding to a pulp, immediately before or on the wet machine, finely dispersed sodium tetradecyl sulfate in an amount of ODS-5%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, and a cationic retention agent consisting of diamine acetate, in an amount of 0.014110%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, while regulating the amount of the added cationic substance in such a way that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero, drying the pulp, and then defibrating the dry pulp.
  • a method of producing highly absorbent cellulose in the form of a fluif comprising adding to a pulp, immediately before or on the wet machine, a finely dispersed nonylphenoxy polyglycol ether in an amount of 0.0S5%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulpand a cationic retention agent consisting of an ethoxylated alkyl amine in an amount of 0.010.10%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, while regulating the amount of the added cationic substance in such a way, that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero, drying the pulp, and then defibrating the dry pulp.

Abstract

HIGHLY ABSORBENT CELLULOSE IS PRODUCED BY ADDING TO THE PULP AN ORGANIC ANIONC OR NONIONIC AGENT AND A CATIONIC RETENTION AGENT WHILE REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF THE CATIONIC SUBSTANCE IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE Z-POTENTIAL OF THE PULP APPROACHES ZERO.

Description

United States Patent @1 ice- 3,677,886 METHOD OF PRODUCING HIGHLY ABSORBENT CELLULOSE Lars-Henrik Forssblad, Iggesund, and Per Jerkeman,
Gavle, Sweden, assignors to Korsnas-Marma Aktiebolag, Gayle, Sweden No Drawing. Filed Dec. 9, 1969, Ser. No. 883,609 Claims priority, application Sweden, Dec. 27, 1968, 17,816/68 Int. Cl. D2111 3/02 US. Cl. 162-72 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Highly absorbent cellulose is produced by adding to the pulp an organic anionic or nonionic agent anda cationic retention agent while regulating the amount of the cationic substance in such a way that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known to produce highly absorbent cellulose, socalled fluff, by dry defibration of dried pulp in the form of sheets or endless webs. T o be suitable for fluif, the pulp should be of such a texture that the fibres can be sepa rated from each other without being shortened to any noticeable extent, and it should be possible to carry out the separation of fibres at a low consumption of energy. Further, the fluff obtained should exhibit properties being of decisive importance to its use in hygienic products, for which it is intended, such as high bulk, good elasticity, great absorption capacity and absorption rate.
The requirement that the pulp should be easy to defibrate presupposes and intentional reduction of the natural tendency of the fibres to adhere to each other on drying. To achieve said reduction of the binding capacity it has previously been proposed to add a cationic organic agent to the pulp in the cellulose mill immediately before or on the wet machine.
By the addition of neutral compounds, such as nonionic or anionic substances, it is possible to obtain the desired reduction of the binding force of the fibres in an effective and reliable manner independently of the substantivity of the substance in question. The adhesion of high-molecular, organic substances to cellulose fibres is determined by colloid chemical factors which will be mentioned briefly. In aqueous suspension, a natural, pure cellulose fibre assumes a negative electric charge which is localized to the fibre surface in the boundary layer between the fibre and the water. In its immediate proximity in the aqueous phase this charge fixes an immovable and sharply defined layer having a positive charge, and said positive layer induces, in turn, in the water outside it a diffuse, negatively charged layer which is movable and moves with the water, if the latter is caused to flow. The difference in potential between said diffuse charge layer and the main mass of the suspension water has been designated as Z-potential and can be determined by means of electrokinetical measuring methods. The Z-potential which has the same character as the charge of the fibre surface, grows and diminishes numerically with the charge, when the latter is changed by charged particles (ions) supplied 3,677,886 Patented July 18, 1972 from outside. The Z-potential and the fibre charge reach the value zero simultaneously, and thus the Z-potential gives a valuable indication of the state of charge of the fibre.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Now it has turned out that the negative, electrostatic surface charge of the fibre can be reduced, wholly eliminated or changed to a positive charge, so that the defibration of the dry pulp is facilitated and a highly absorbent cellulose or fluff is obtained. The new method consists in that two different-kinds of substances are added to a pulp immediately before or on the wet machine, Whereupon the pulp is dried and the dried pulp is defibrated in a manner known per se. One of these substances is a nonionic or anionic, finely dispersed, high-molecular, organic substance having a molecular structure containing hydrophobic parts, and the other substance is a cationic retention agent which is added in such an amount that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero.
If the retention agent is added in a suitable amount, it changes the state of charge of the fibres, so that the fibres are capable of retaining nonionic and anionic substances on their surfaces. To retain the nonionic or anionic sub stance on the walls of the fibres to such a degree that the desired effect is obtained it is necessary to proportion the amount of retention agent such that the charge of the fibres and thus the Z-potential assumes a very low value, i.e. in the proximity of nought. By adjusting the Z-potential of the fibres it is thus possible to achieve that sufficiently large molecules of a substantially hydrophobic character are caused to adhere to the walls of the fibres so that the force of the binding fibre-to-fibre is reduced at the drying of the pulp. The Z-potential may be determined by an electrokinetical measurement as known per se. 7
A number of substances are known as retention agents in other connections. Examples of such agents are several metal salts with polyvalent cations, such as Al, Ce La, Th Zr certain finely di-vided minerals such as chrysotil asbestos and certain nitrogenous organic substances such as alkyl amines, al'kyl diamines, polyimines, alkoxylated derivatives thereof, and others.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIO The method according to the invention will be illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1 A nonionic (neutral) parafiine emulsion (Mobilcer HM) containing 0.4 g. of paratiine was added, while agitating, to 5 liters aqueous suspension of a bleached pine sulphate pulp (2% concentration). After 10 minutes and while continuing the agitation, an aluminum sulphate solution (10 g. of Al (SO per liter) was added in portions, until a sample withdrawn showed that the Z-potential had assumed the value zero. For that 50 ml. of aluminum sulphate solution was needed, i.e. 0.5% Al-sulphate, calculated on the weight of the dry pulp. The Z-potential was determined by means of a Streaming Current Detector made by Waters Associate Inc., Framingham, Mass, U.S.A.
The pulp suspension was drained on a suction filter to form a number of fibre sheets containing about 700 g. of dry pulp per sq. In. The sheets were drained by pressing to a dry content of 35% and were then dried to 93% dry content. From another batch of the same bleached su1- phate pulp without added chemicals fibre sheets were formed in the same way and dried to 93% dry content. Both kinds of fibre sheets were dry defibrated in a laboratory shredder equipped with means for measuring the consumption of energy during the dry defibration. In the following table the consumption of energy and the bulk of the flutf obtained are compared.
Example 2 While agitating, 0.06 g. of the retention agent Diaminacetat BG (Liljeholmens Stearinfabriks AB) was added to liters aqueous suspension of bleached sulphite pulp (2% concentration), and after minutes 0.45 g. of Tergitol Anionic 4 (sodium tetradecyl sulfate, produced by Union Carbide Corp.) was added, while continuing the agitation. Previously it had been ascertained by a preliminary test that the Z-potential zero was reached when adding 0.06% of the retention agent, calculated on the weight of the dry pulp.
In the same way as in Example 1 laboratory-made sheets were produced and flufi" was made therefrom in a laboratory shredder. In the following table the consumption of energy at the dry defibration and the properties of the product obtained are compared with corresponding values for the same pulp without added chemicals. The so-called knot number was determined by causing an aqueous suspension of a certain amount of fluff to pass through an electronic counter, in which the number of particles above a certain size were counted by a photocell connected to a computer.
Example 3 In the pulp vat of the pulp mill immediately before the wet machine, there was added to a bleached sulphate pulp of 2% concentration 0.4%, calculated on the weight of dry pulp, of nonyl-phenoxy-polyglycol ether (Berol EMU-04) emulsified in water, and 0.05% (calculated on the weight of dry pulp) of a retention agent consisting of an ethoxylated alkyl amine (Berol EMU-302). On the basis of Z-potential determinations in reference samples the amount of amine had been determined such that the Z-potential of the pulp was zero.
In the following table the consumption of energy at the dry defibration and the properties of the product obtained are compared with corresponding values for the same pulp without additions of chemicals.
TABLE Without With additions additions Consumption of energy at dry defibration of the pulp sheet in laboratory equipment of the spiked-roller type, kwhJton. 230 180 Number of undisintegrated knots per gram of flufi (knot number) 230 Long fibre traction (retained on a screen of 18 mesh in a fibre grouping apparatus according to B auer-McNett) percent 25 39 Absorption capacity, g. water/g.fiufi 12. 0 12. 2
What we claim is:
1. A method of producing highly absorbent cellulose in the form of a fluff, comprising adding to a pulp, immediately before or on the wet machine, a finely dispersed high molecular Weight substance containing hydrophobic parts and selected irom the group consisting of an organic anionic agent and an organic nonionic agent, in an amount of ODS-5%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, and a cationic retention agent consisting of a water soluble salt of a polyvalent metal selected from the group consisting of A1 Ce, Th, Zr and Let in an amount of 0.01-5% of the anhydrous salt thereof, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, while regulating the amount of the added cationic substance in such a way that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero, drying the pulp, and then defibrating the dry pulp.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the high molecular weight finely dispersed substance is a nonionic paraifine.
3. A method of producing highly absorbent cellulose in the form of a fluff, comprising adding to a pulp, immediately before or on the wet machine, finely dispersed sodium tetradecyl sulfate in an amount of ODS-5%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, and a cationic retention agent consisting of diamine acetate, in an amount of 0.014110%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, while regulating the amount of the added cationic substance in such a way that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero, drying the pulp, and then defibrating the dry pulp.
4. A method of producing highly absorbent cellulose in the form of a fluif, comprising adding to a pulp, immediately before or on the wet machine, a finely dispersed nonylphenoxy polyglycol ether in an amount of 0.0S5%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulpand a cationic retention agent consisting of an ethoxylated alkyl amine in an amount of 0.010.10%, calculated on the dry weight of the pulp, while regulating the amount of the added cationic substance in such a way, that the Z-potential of the pulp approaches zero, drying the pulp, and then defibrating the dry pulp.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,016,325 1/1962 Pattilloch l62-164 2,432,128 12/1947 Schlosser et a1. 162-l58 X 2,789,902 4/1957 Seymour et al 162-72 2,957,797 10/1960 Nakayama 162158 3,501,373 3/1970 Illingworth 162-72 3,536,697 10/ 1970 Kolosh et al. 16272 S. LEON BASHORE, Primary Examiner F. FREI, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
US883609A 1968-12-27 1969-12-09 Method of producing highly absorbent cellulose Expired - Lifetime US3677886A (en)

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US3950219A (en) * 1974-01-07 1976-04-13 Johnson & Johnson Method of manufacturing a stabilized fluffy batt of fibers and products resulting therefrom
US3950218A (en) * 1974-01-07 1976-04-13 Johnson & Johnson Method of manufacturing stabilized fluffy batts of fibers and resulting product therefrom
US4022861A (en) * 1974-01-07 1977-05-10 Johnson & Johnson Methods of manufacturing water-repellent fluffy batts of wood pulp fibers
US4303471A (en) * 1978-07-21 1981-12-01 Berol Kemi Ab Method of producing fluffed pulp
US4425186A (en) 1981-03-24 1984-01-10 Buckman Laboratories, Inc. Dimethylamide and cationic surfactant debonding compositions and the use thereof in the production of fluff pulp
US4441962A (en) * 1980-10-15 1984-04-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft, absorbent tissue paper
EP0116512A1 (en) * 1983-02-10 1984-08-22 Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. Fiber debonder formulation comprising diamido quaternary ammonium compound and alkoxylated fatty acid
AU567261B2 (en) * 1984-10-01 1987-11-12 Dalkiaer, P. A process for manufacturing a liquid absorbing pad, in particular for use in soft hygiene articles and sanitary products
US5324391A (en) * 1990-10-31 1994-06-28 Weyerhaeuser Company Method for crosslinking cellulose fibers
US5399240A (en) * 1987-01-20 1995-03-21 Weyerhaeuser Company Crosslinked cellulose products and method for their preparation
US5437418A (en) * 1987-01-20 1995-08-01 Weyerhaeuser Company Apparatus for crosslinking individualized cellulose fibers
US5556976A (en) * 1987-01-20 1996-09-17 Jewell; Richard A. Reactive cyclic N-sulfatoimides and cellulose crosslinked with the imides
US5749863A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-05-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Fluid acquisition and distribution member for absorbent core
US5840787A (en) * 1994-03-25 1998-11-24 Weyerhaeuser Company Cellulosic products using high-bulk cellulosic fibers
US5858172A (en) * 1996-10-10 1999-01-12 Rayonier Inc. Method of softening pulp and pulp products produced by same
US5873979A (en) * 1994-03-18 1999-02-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Preparing individualized polycarboxylic acid crosslinked cellulosic fibers
US5998511A (en) * 1994-03-25 1999-12-07 Weyerhaeuser Company Polymeric polycarboxylic acid crosslinked cellulosic fibers
US6159335A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-12-12 Buckeye Technologies Inc. Method for treating pulp to reduce disintegration energy
US6184271B1 (en) 1994-03-25 2001-02-06 Weyerhaeuser Company Absorbent composite containing polymaleic acid crosslinked cellulosic fibers
US6306251B1 (en) 1994-03-25 2001-10-23 Weyerhaeuser Company Multi-ply cellulosic products using high-bulk cellulosic fibers
US6310268B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2001-10-30 Rayonier Products And Financial Services Company Non-ionic plasticizer additives for wood pulps and absorbent cores
US6376011B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2002-04-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for preparing superabsorbent-containing composites
US6387495B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2002-05-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Superabsorbent-containing composites
US6409883B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2002-06-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Methods of making fiber bundles and fibrous structures
US20020088582A1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2002-07-11 Burns Barbara Jean Method for adding an adsorbable chemical additive to pulp during the pulp processing and products made by said method
US6423183B1 (en) 1997-12-24 2002-07-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Paper products and a method for applying a dye to cellulosic fibers
US6503233B1 (en) 1998-10-02 2003-01-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article having good body fit under dynamic conditions
US6562192B1 (en) 1998-10-02 2003-05-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent articles with absorbent free-flowing particles and methods for producing the same
US6576085B2 (en) * 1998-01-13 2003-06-10 Kao Corporation Paper bulking promoter
US6582560B2 (en) 2001-03-07 2003-06-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for using water insoluble chemical additives with pulp and products made by said method
US6667424B1 (en) 1998-10-02 2003-12-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent articles with nits and free-flowing particles
US20040050514A1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2004-03-18 Shannon Thomas Gerard Process for incorporating poorly substantive paper modifying agents into a paper sheet via wet end addition
US20040118533A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for bonding chemical additives on to substrates containing cellulosic materials and products thereof
US20060118258A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Chmielewski Harry J Plasticizing formulation for fluff pulp and plasticized fluff pulp products made therefrom
US7429689B2 (en) 1998-10-02 2008-09-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with center fill performance
US7670459B2 (en) 2004-12-29 2010-03-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft and durable tissue products containing a softening agent
US7749356B2 (en) 2001-03-07 2010-07-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for using water insoluble chemical additives with pulp and products made by said method
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WO2013109303A1 (en) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-25 Nestec S.A. Compositions useful as animal litters
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US11479915B2 (en) * 2016-07-11 2022-10-25 Stora Enso Oyj Method for manufacturing intermediate product for conversion into microfibrillated cellulose

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Cited By (61)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950219A (en) * 1974-01-07 1976-04-13 Johnson & Johnson Method of manufacturing a stabilized fluffy batt of fibers and products resulting therefrom
US3950218A (en) * 1974-01-07 1976-04-13 Johnson & Johnson Method of manufacturing stabilized fluffy batts of fibers and resulting product therefrom
US4022861A (en) * 1974-01-07 1977-05-10 Johnson & Johnson Methods of manufacturing water-repellent fluffy batts of wood pulp fibers
US4303471A (en) * 1978-07-21 1981-12-01 Berol Kemi Ab Method of producing fluffed pulp
US4441962A (en) * 1980-10-15 1984-04-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft, absorbent tissue paper
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FR2027202A1 (en) 1970-09-25
SE339616B (en) 1971-10-11

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