US3675711A - Thermal shield - Google Patents
Thermal shield Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3675711A US3675711A US26641A US3675711DA US3675711A US 3675711 A US3675711 A US 3675711A US 26641 A US26641 A US 26641A US 3675711D A US3675711D A US 3675711DA US 3675711 A US3675711 A US 3675711A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- walls
- wall
- temperature
- cover
- changes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/12—Gyroscopes
Definitions
- This invention relates to a shield, and more particularly to a thermal shield for shielding and isolating an external device.
- Thermal shields have been proposed which utilize solid structure adapted to absorb heat and remove it to cooler regions.
- Other designs utilize non-conductive vacuum chambers to isolate inner regions from sensitivity to the external environmental conditions.
- both of these techniques have shortcomings due to the temperature gradients resulting from thermal resistance and power required for cooling flow.
- complete isolation by vacuum installation ls frequently impossible due to the need for structural integrity, demanding mounting contact support at the unit.
- the thermal shield of the present invention comprises a pair of spaced walls forming an enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, means to establish a working temperature for said fluid whereby it changes in phase between a liquid and a vapor in response to changes in temperature occurring at the outer surface of one of said walls, and means to effect the transfer of said liquid along the inner surfaces of at least one of said walls by capillary action.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the thermal shield of the present invention, utilized as a cover for a gyroscope;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 2- 2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of a structure similar to FIG. 2 but depicting another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but depicting still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the reference numeral refers to the thermal shield of the present invention which for the purposes of example, is depicted in the form of a generally dome-shaped cover extending over a gyroscope 12.
- the gyroscope includes an upper housing 14 and a lower housing 16, and since this and the remaining structure of the gyroscope is conventional, it will not be described in any further detail.
- the shield 10 is formed by an inner wall 18 having a cylindrical portion 180 which extends vertically as viewed in FIG. 2, and a substantially hemispherical portion 18b closing the top of the cylindrical portion. It is noted that the inner wall 18 is of a similar shape as the upper housing 14 of the gyroscope and, in certain applications can actually form the upper housmg.
- An outer wall 20 extends over the inner wall 18 in a spaced relation thereto to form a chamber 22.
- the lower ends of the walls 18 and 20 are bridged by an annular end wall 24 which rests on the upper portion of the lower housing 16 of the gyroscope.
- a matrix of porous material shown in general by the reference numeral 26, is secured to the inner surfaces of the walls 18, 20, and 24. In this manner, a "heat pipe" is formed,
- a working fluid such as water
- a tube 27 whereby a working fluid, such as water, introduced into the chamber 22 by means of a tube 27, and maintained at a predetermined working temperature, undergoes a change in in response to temperature changes occurring in proximity to the outerwall 20.
- the temperature along the inner wall is maintained substantially constant in ac cordance with classic heat pipe theory.
- a heater 30 extends around the outer circumference of the cylindrical portion of the wall 20.
- the heater may take any conventional form, such as an electric resistance wire housed in a casing as shown.
- a sensing device shown diagrammatically by the reference numeral 32, is mounted on the upper housing 14 of the gyroscope, and is adapted to control the operation of the heater 30 in accordance with variations in temperature occurring in the vicinity of the gyroscope 12. To achieve this, the sensing device may be connected in a servo loop with the heater in a conventional manner.
- a predetermined working temperature for the fluid is established by means of the heater 30 and this temperature level is maintained uniform within a limited range by virtue of the saturation properties of the liquid and vapor within the cover 10, despite variations in temperature along the outer wall 20.
- temperature fluctuations along the outer surface of the wall 20 in response to ambient temperature changes for example, causes the latent heat of vaporization of the fluid to be absorbed or released ac cordingly.
- the vapors within the tube condense at the cool zone and release their heat of formation.
- the condensed fluid passes into the material 26 and moves by capillary action to a warmer position along the inner surface of the wall 20.
- the opposite condition occurs, to wit, a portion of the liquid in the material 26 in the vicinity of the hot zone is vaporized and the vapor, due to its resultant increased pressure, moves to a lower pressure zone whereby it condenses and gives up its heat energy. Due to the fact that the above changes of phase of the fluid occurs at substantially the same temperature, the temperature along the cover, including the inner wall 18, is maintained constant.
- the shield 10 thus provides a practical and realistic means of significantly reducing temperature gradiants while absorbing and transferring large variances in heat loads.
- the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 20 are each provided with a plurality of arterial grooves 40 which are covered by the matrix of porous material 26. These grooves provide low resistance arteries for liquid flow along the cover in the above-mentioned heat transfer process, and thus may increase the efficiency of the process.
- a matrix of porous material 50 is disposed along each of the inner surfaces of the walls 18 and 20, and is of a thickness sufficient to fill the entire space between the walls.
- a plurality of channels 52 are provided at the interface of the material disposed along each of the walls. The material 50 thus provides an increased surface area for capillary flow of the working fluid in a liquid state, while the channels 52 permit flow of the fluid in a vapor state.
- the grooves 40 and the channels 52 may extend in a direction or directions other than that shown in the drawings.
- the matrix of porous material can be formed by sintering powdered metals to their respective inner wall surfaces.
- a thermal shield comprising a pair of spaced walls forming an enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, a heater disposed on one of said walls, means for controlling the operation of said heater to establish a substantially constant working temperature for said fluid whereby it changes in phase between a liquid and a vapor in response to changes in temperature occurringtat the outer surface of said one of said walls, a matrix of porous material disposed on the inner surface of each of said walls for permitting the transfer of said liquid along the inner surface of said walls by capillary action, and a plurality of grooves formed on the inner surfaces of said wallsand enclosed by said matrix of porous material to decrease the resistance to said transfer of liquid.
Abstract
A thermal shield consisting of a pair of walls forming an enclosed space. A heat exchange fluid is disposed in the space between the walls and is maintained at a working temperature whereby it changes in phase in response to changes in temperature along one of the walls.
Description
United States Patent Bilinski et al.
3,675,711 1 1 July 11, 1972 [54] THERMAL SHIELD [72] Inventors: Donald J. Blllnski, Dover; Lawrence S. Galowln, Upper Saddle River; Michael Napolltano, Mendham, all of NJ.
[73] Assignee: The Singer Company, New York, NY.
[22] Filed: April 8, 1970 [21] App]. No.: 26,641
52 U.S.CI ..l/32, 7415,165/47, 165/105, 219/201, 219/385, 219/530 511 Int.Cl ..F28d 15/00 581 FieldolSearch ..165/105,32,47;2l9/365,378, 219/385, 201, 530; 74/5 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,987,119 1/1935 Long ..219/365 3,490,718 1/1970 Vary ..165/ X 2,820,134 1/1958 Kobayashi. "219/365 X 2,026,423 12/1935 Fiene ..165/ 105 X 2,616,628 11/1952 Guild ..16$/105 X 3,517,730 6/1970 Wyatt ..165/105 X 3,525,386 8/1970 Grover ..165/105 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,266,244 5/1961 France /105 Primary xaminerA1bert W. Davis, Jr. Attorney-S. A. Giarratana and S. Michael Bender 1 1 ABSTRACT A thermal shield consisting of a pair of walls forming an enclosed space. A heat exchange fluid is disposed in the space between the walls and is maintained at a working temperature whereby it changes in phase in response to changes in temperature along one of the walls.
ZCIBinBADraWingI-Tgures P'ATENTEDJUL H 1972 3.67571 1 M k///// J mvsmons DONALD J. BILINSKI LAWRENCE S. GALOWIN 8 MICHAEL NAPOLITANO ATTORNEYS THERMAL SHIELD BACKGROUND or THE INVENTION This invention relates to a shield, and more particularly to a thermal shield for shielding and isolating an external device.
Thermal shields have been proposed which utilize solid structure adapted to absorb heat and remove it to cooler regions. Other designs utilize non-conductive vacuum chambers to isolate inner regions from sensitivity to the external environmental conditions. However, both of these techniques have shortcomings due to the temperature gradients resulting from thermal resistance and power required for cooling flow. Also, complete isolation by vacuum installation ls frequently impossible due to the need for structural integrity, demanding mounting contact support at the unit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a thermal shield which significantly reduces temperature gradients by absorbing and transferring large variations in heat loads.
Toward the fulfillment of these objects, the thermal shield of the present invention comprises a pair of spaced walls forming an enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, means to establish a working temperature for said fluid whereby it changes in phase between a liquid and a vapor in response to changes in temperature occurring at the outer surface of one of said walls, and means to effect the transfer of said liquid along the inner surfaces of at least one of said walls by capillary action.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings for a better understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention. The drawings illustrate the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the objects of the invention and are not to be construed as restrictions or limitations on its scope. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the thermal shield of the present invention, utilized as a cover for a gyroscope;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 2- 2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of a structure similar to FIG. 2 but depicting another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but depicting still another embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the reference numeral refers to the thermal shield of the present invention which for the purposes of example, is depicted in the form of a generally dome-shaped cover extending over a gyroscope 12. The gyroscope includes an upper housing 14 and a lower housing 16, and since this and the remaining structure of the gyroscope is conventional, it will not be described in any further detail.
The shield 10 is formed by an inner wall 18 having a cylindrical portion 180 which extends vertically as viewed in FIG. 2, and a substantially hemispherical portion 18b closing the top of the cylindrical portion. It is noted that the inner wall 18 is of a similar shape as the upper housing 14 of the gyroscope and, in certain applications can actually form the upper housmg.
An outer wall 20 extends over the inner wall 18 in a spaced relation thereto to form a chamber 22. The lower ends of the walls 18 and 20 are bridged by an annular end wall 24 which rests on the upper portion of the lower housing 16 of the gyroscope.
A matrix of porous material, shown in general by the reference numeral 26, is secured to the inner surfaces of the walls 18, 20, and 24. In this manner, a "heat pipe" is formed,
whereby a working fluid, such as water, introduced into the chamber 22 by means of a tube 27, and maintained at a predetermined working temperature, undergoes a change in in response to temperature changes occurring in proximity to the outerwall 20. As a result, the temperature along the inner wall is maintained substantially constant in ac cordance with classic heat pipe theory.
In order to regulate the working temperature of the fluid within the cover 10, a heater 30 extends around the outer circumference of the cylindrical portion of the wall 20. The heater may take any conventional form, such as an electric resistance wire housed in a casing as shown. A sensing device, shown diagrammatically by the reference numeral 32, is mounted on the upper housing 14 of the gyroscope, and is adapted to control the operation of the heater 30 in accordance with variations in temperature occurring in the vicinity of the gyroscope 12. To achieve this, the sensing device may be connected in a servo loop with the heater in a conventional manner.
In operation, a predetermined working temperature for the fluid is established by means of the heater 30 and this temperature level is maintained uniform within a limited range by virtue of the saturation properties of the liquid and vapor within the cover 10, despite variations in temperature along the outer wall 20. In particular, temperature fluctuations along the outer surface of the wall 20 in response to ambient temperature changes, for example, causes the latent heat of vaporization of the fluid to be absorbed or released ac cordingly. Thus, upon an external cooling condition occurring on the outer surface of the wall 20, the vapors within the tube condense at the cool zone and release their heat of formation. The condensed fluid passes into the material 26 and moves by capillary action to a warmer position along the inner surface of the wall 20. If a rise in temperature occurs anywhere along the outer surface of the wall 20, the opposite condition occurs, to wit, a portion of the liquid in the material 26 in the vicinity of the hot zone is vaporized and the vapor, due to its resultant increased pressure, moves to a lower pressure zone whereby it condenses and gives up its heat energy. Due to the fact that the above changes of phase of the fluid occurs at substantially the same temperature, the temperature along the cover, including the inner wall 18, is maintained constant. The shield 10 thus provides a practical and realistic means of significantly reducing temperature gradiants while absorbing and transferring large variances in heat loads.
Since the embodiment of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, only a portion of the shield will be shown in FIG. 3, and identical structure will be given the same reference numerals. According to this embodiment, the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 20 are each provided with a plurality of arterial grooves 40 which are covered by the matrix of porous material 26. These grooves provide low resistance arteries for liquid flow along the cover in the above-mentioned heat transfer process, and thus may increase the efficiency of the process.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, a matrix of porous material 50 is disposed along each of the inner surfaces of the walls 18 and 20, and is of a thickness sufficient to fill the entire space between the walls. A plurality of channels 52 are provided at the interface of the material disposed along each of the walls. The material 50 thus provides an increased surface area for capillary flow of the working fluid in a liquid state, while the channels 52 permit flow of the fluid in a vapor state.
Many other variations may be made in the above without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the grooves 40 and the channels 52 may extend in a direction or directions other than that shown in the drawings. Also, the matrix of porous material can be formed by sintering powdered metals to their respective inner wall surfaces. Of course, still other variations of the specific construction and arrangement of the shield disclosed above can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
l. A thermal shield comprising a pair of spaced walls forming an enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, a heater disposed on one of said walls, means for controlling the operation of said heater to establish a substantially constant working temperature for said fluid whereby it changes in phase between a liquid and a vapor in response to changes in temperature occurringtat the outer surface of said one of said walls, a matrix of porous material disposed on the inner surface of each of said walls for permitting the transfer of said liquid along the inner surface of said walls by capillary action, and a plurality of grooves formed on the inner surfaces of said wallsand enclosed by said matrix of porous material to decrease the resistance to said transfer of liquid.
2. The shield of claim 1 wherein said walls together form a cover having a substantially cylindrical portion and a substantially hemispherical portion extending over the top of said cylindricalportion, said one wall forming the outer wall of said cover, and said other wall forming an inner wall of said cover.
i i I l
Claims (2)
1. A thermal shield comprising a pair of spaced walls forming an enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, a heater disposed on one of said walls, means for controlling the operation of said heater to establish a substantially constant working temperature for said fluid whereby it changes in phase between a liquid and a vapor in response to changes in temperature occurring at the outer surface of said one of said walls, a matrix of porous material disposed on the inner surface of each of said walls for permitting the transfer of said liquid along the inner surface of said walls by capillary action, and a plurality of grooves formed on the inner surfaces of said walls and enclosed by said matrix of porous material to decrease the resistance to said transfer of liquid.
2. The shield of claim 1 wherein said walls together form a cover having a substantially cylindrical portion and a substantially hemispherical portion extending over the top of said cylindrical portion, said one wall forming the outer wall of said cover, and said other wall forming an inner wall of said cover.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2664170A | 1970-04-08 | 1970-04-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3675711A true US3675711A (en) | 1972-07-11 |
Family
ID=21833002
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US26641A Expired - Lifetime US3675711A (en) | 1970-04-08 | 1970-04-08 | Thermal shield |
US00189463A Expired - Lifetime US3811493A (en) | 1970-04-08 | 1971-10-14 | Thermal shield |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00189463A Expired - Lifetime US3811493A (en) | 1970-04-08 | 1971-10-14 | Thermal shield |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3675711A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS542687B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA918142A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2104629A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2092340A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1267620A (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3762011A (en) * | 1971-12-16 | 1973-10-02 | Trw Inc | Method of fabricating a capillary heat pipe wick |
US4274479A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1981-06-23 | Thermacore, Inc. | Sintered grooved wicks |
US4527619A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1985-07-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Exoatmospheric calibration sphere |
US4550774A (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1985-11-05 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Surface heating body for vehicles |
US4815529A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1989-03-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Heat pipe |
US5192186A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1993-03-09 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine |
US20040069455A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-04-15 | Lindemuth James E. | Vapor chamber with sintered grooved wick |
US20040211549A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-10-28 | Garner Scott D. | Sintered grooved wick with particle web |
US20040244951A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2004-12-09 | Dussinger Peter M. | Integrated circuit heat pipe heat spreader with through mounting holes |
US20050011633A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Garner Scott D. | Tower heat sink with sintered grooved wick |
US20050022975A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-03 | Rosenfeld John H. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20050022976A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-03 | Rosenfeld John H. | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20060124281A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-06-15 | Rosenfeld John H | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20060243425A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2006-11-02 | Thermal Corp. | Integrated circuit heat pipe heat spreader with through mounting holes |
Families Citing this family (12)
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AT353036B (en) * | 1976-12-07 | 1979-10-25 | List Hans | MEASURING VALUES, IN PARTICULAR PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS WITH BUILT-IN HEAT PIPE SYSTEM |
US4250953A (en) * | 1977-08-12 | 1981-02-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Piston sealing |
JPS634671U (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-13 | ||
US4770238A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1988-09-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Capillary heat transport and fluid management device |
DE3726809C1 (en) * | 1987-08-12 | 1988-12-15 | Dornier System Gmbh | Gradient plate |
GB2329756A (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 1999-03-31 | Univ Bristol | Assemblies of light emitting diodes |
WO2004038759A2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-05-06 | Dahm Jonathan S | Method and apparatus for using light emitting diodes |
JP2004245550A (en) * | 2003-02-17 | 2004-09-02 | Fujikura Ltd | Heat pipe superior in circulating characteristic |
US8047686B2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2011-11-01 | Dahm Jonathan S | Multiple light-emitting element heat pipe assembly |
US8016022B2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2011-09-13 | Honeywell International Inc. | Systems and methods for passive thermal management using phase change material |
CN104035460A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-10 | 上海新跃仪表厂 | Temperature control circuit of hemisphere resonance gyro combination |
CN104241676B (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Comprise sode cell of pre-wet structure and preparation method thereof |
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- 1970-04-08 US US26641A patent/US3675711A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-12-18 GB GB60119/70A patent/GB1267620A/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-01-12 CA CA102538A patent/CA918142A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-01-25 FR FR7102269A patent/FR2092340A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-01-27 JP JP242271A patent/JPS542687B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-02-01 DE DE19712104629 patent/DE2104629A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1971-10-14 US US00189463A patent/US3811493A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US1987119A (en) * | 1932-06-20 | 1935-01-08 | Richard H Long | Heater for fluids |
US2026423A (en) * | 1933-09-27 | 1935-12-31 | Gen Electric | Constant temperature device |
US2616628A (en) * | 1948-06-22 | 1952-11-04 | Lloyd V Guild | Temperature controlled gas analysis apparatus |
US2820134A (en) * | 1953-05-06 | 1958-01-14 | Kobayashi Keigo | Heating apparatus |
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US3490718A (en) * | 1967-02-01 | 1970-01-20 | Nasa | Capillary radiator |
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Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3762011A (en) * | 1971-12-16 | 1973-10-02 | Trw Inc | Method of fabricating a capillary heat pipe wick |
US4274479A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1981-06-23 | Thermacore, Inc. | Sintered grooved wicks |
US5192186A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1993-03-09 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine |
US4550774A (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1985-11-05 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Surface heating body for vehicles |
US4527619A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1985-07-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Exoatmospheric calibration sphere |
US4815529A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1989-03-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Heat pipe |
US6896039B2 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2005-05-24 | Thermal Corp. | Integrated circuit heat pipe heat spreader with through mounting holes |
US20060243425A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2006-11-02 | Thermal Corp. | Integrated circuit heat pipe heat spreader with through mounting holes |
US20040244951A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2004-12-09 | Dussinger Peter M. | Integrated circuit heat pipe heat spreader with through mounting holes |
US20050217826A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2005-10-06 | Dussinger Peter M | Integrated circuit heat pipe heat spreader with through mounting holes |
US6997245B2 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2006-02-14 | Thermal Corp. | Vapor chamber with sintered grooved wick |
US20040069455A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-04-15 | Lindemuth James E. | Vapor chamber with sintered grooved wick |
US6880626B2 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2005-04-19 | Thermal Corp. | Vapor chamber with sintered grooved wick |
US20050098303A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2005-05-12 | Lindemuth James E. | Vapor chamber with sintered grooved wick |
US6945317B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2005-09-20 | Thermal Corp. | Sintered grooved wick with particle web |
US7013958B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2006-03-21 | Thermal Corp. | Sintered grooved wick with particle web |
US20040211549A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-10-28 | Garner Scott D. | Sintered grooved wick with particle web |
US20050236143A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-10-27 | Garner Scott D | Sintered grooved wick with particle web |
US7028759B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2006-04-18 | Thermal Corp. | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20050022975A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-03 | Rosenfeld John H. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20050205243A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-09-22 | Rosenfeld John H | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20090139697A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2009-06-04 | Rosenfeld John H | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20050189091A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-09-01 | Rosenfeld John H. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device and method of making same |
US6994152B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2006-02-07 | Thermal Corp. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device |
US20050167086A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-08-04 | Rosenfeld John H. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device and method of making same |
US7137443B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2006-11-21 | Thermal Corp. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20050022976A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-03 | Rosenfeld John H. | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US20060124281A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-06-15 | Rosenfeld John H | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US7124809B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2006-10-24 | Thermal Corp. | Brazed wick for a heat transfer device |
US20050022984A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-03 | Rosenfeld John H. | Heat transfer device and method of making same |
US6938680B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2005-09-06 | Thermal Corp. | Tower heat sink with sintered grooved wick |
US20050011633A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Garner Scott D. | Tower heat sink with sintered grooved wick |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS542687B1 (en) | 1979-02-10 |
CA918142A (en) | 1973-01-02 |
US3811493A (en) | 1974-05-21 |
FR2092340A5 (en) | 1972-01-21 |
GB1267620A (en) | 1972-03-22 |
DE2104629A1 (en) | 1971-10-21 |
JPS463888A (en) | 1971-11-08 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KEARFOTT GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION CORPORATION, NEW Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SINGER COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:005029/0310 Effective date: 19880425 |
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Owner name: CONTINENTEL ILLINOIS NATIONAL BANK AND TRUST COMPA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEARFOTT GUIDANCE & NAVIGATION CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005250/0330 |