US3672853A - Preparation of a liquid fuel for a pressure-type atomizer - Google Patents
Preparation of a liquid fuel for a pressure-type atomizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3672853A US3672853A US818074A US3672853DA US3672853A US 3672853 A US3672853 A US 3672853A US 818074 A US818074 A US 818074A US 3672853D A US3672853D A US 3672853DA US 3672853 A US3672853 A US 3672853A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- feed
- gas
- temperature
- type atomizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a liquid fuel suitable to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer, using a hydrocarbon-containing feed as base material.
- a hydrocarbon-containing feed may consist of hydrocarbons. It is also possible for such a feed to consist of hydrocarbons to which are added asphaltenes, soot particles, coke particles or coal particles or combinations thereof.
- the hydrocarbons may consist entirely or substantially of distilled fractions and may also consist entirely or substantially of residual fractions. Furthermore it is possible to use a crude oil as such.
- Handling fuel in a pressure-type atomizer is a procedure which is widely employed in practice.
- the fuel is passed under high pressure-for instance up to 150 kg./cm. to an atomizer, which results in the formation of minute droplets of liquid which leave the atomizer to enter a combustion chamber.
- the temperature of the feed in the atomizer is chosen to be so high that the viscosity of the feed is low enough for the feed to be atomized.
- the invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of a liquid fuel suitable to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer, using a hydrocarbon-containing feed as base material, in which process a gas not belonging to the hydrocarbons is dissolved in the feed in an amount not exceeding 95% of the maximum amount that can dissolve at the temperature and the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer.
- the dissolved gas has a favorable effect on the atomization of the fuel.
- the solubility of the gas also decreases. Gas thus being liberated contributes to the liquid droplets being split up to a larger extent.
- no formation of gas bubbles takes place in the pressure-type atomizer. Otherwise the flame generated would be irregular owing to repeated short interruptions of the fuel flow from the atomizer. This phenomenon may even cause the flame to be extinguished.
- the fuel reaches a condition where the solution cannot be stable any longer. The gas starts to leave the solution.
- the residence time of the fuel in the zone where the pressure decreases in the pressure-type atomizer is very short. During that short time the process of gas leaving the solution just gets going.
- the amount to be dissolved in the feed to not more than of the maximum amount that can dissolve at the temperature and the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer the formation of gas bubbles in the pressure-type atomizer is prevented, so that the stability of the flame is maintained. Also, it is ensured in this way that the dissolved gas entirely serves the purpose of improving the atomization.
- the gas is dissolved at a lower temperature and/or a lower pressure than the temperature and pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, whereupon the fuel, before being passed to the atomizer, is brought to a temperature and a pressure as prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, such gas as is possibly liberated being removed before a final pressure stage.
- the solubility of the gas generally decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing gas pressure.
- the feed prefferably saturated with gas at a pressure which is slightly lower than the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressuretype atomizer and at a temperature which is equal to the temperature in that line.
- the liquid pressure is further increased the solution at the new conditions becomes unsaturated.
- water in the form of minute droplets can be introduced into the feed under pressure, at a lower temperature than that prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, which water, owing to the temperature subsequently being increased, vaporizes and dissolves in the feed, such water vapor as has not dissolved being removed before the fuel is passed to the atomizer.
- This procedure offers great advantages from a technical point of view, since water is cheap and permits of easy dosage.
- the process conditions should -be chosen in such a way that the water present in the fuel immediately before the pressure-type atomizer is dissolved therein in such an amount that the solution is saturated to an extent of at most 95%. If droplets of water should still be present there, then the intended decrease in viscosity would not be reached.
- the critical point lies at 374 C. and 218 kg./cm. These values are high, but can nevertheless be reached in practice.
- Such agglomerates can again be introduced into the feed as finely divided particles, so that a fuel is obtained which likewise contains carbon in the form of minute particles. This, however, results in a considerable increase in the viscosity.
- the process according to the invention enables an important decrease in the viscosity to be attained, as a result of which the amount of soot that can be introduced into a certain feed is increased until the upper limit of the range of viscosities that are permissible in the atomization is reached again.
- Feed with dis- Temperature 0.
- Feed solved H2 In this case also straight lines as described herebefore are obtained. It follows from this that a viscosity of 100 cp. is reached for the feed at 358 C. and for the feed with dissolved H at 321 C. This is a very considerable reduction.
- Feed with dis- Temperature 0.
- Feed solved H20 In this case also straight lines as described hereinbefore are obtained. It follows from this that a viscosity of 100 cp. is reached for the feed at 350 C. and for the feed with dissolved H O at 316 C. This is a very considerable reduction.
- a process for the preparation of a liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel from a heavy hydrocarbon-containing feed, whereby the fuel is suitable to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer comprising dissolving a gas selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide hydrogen and water vapor in the feed in an amount not exceeding of the maximum amount that can dissolve at the temperature and the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer.
Abstract
DECREASING THE VISCOSITY OF AND IMPROVING THE ATOMIZING AND BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEAVY HYDROCARBON BY DISSOLVING A NON-HYDROCARBON GAS IN THE HEAVY HYDROCARBON IN AN AMOUNT NOT EXCEEDING 95% OF SATURATION AT CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING ATOMIZATION
Description
United States Patent 3,672,853 PREPARATION OF A LIQUID FUEL FOR A PRESSURE-TY PE ATOMIZER Gerrit H. Reman and Henri Verkoren, Amsterdam, Netherlands, assignors to Shell Oil Company, New York, N.Y.
No Drawing. Filed Apr. 21, 1969, Ser. No. 818,074 Claims priority, application Netherlands, Apr. 22, 1968, 6818913 Int. Cl. C101 1/00 US. Cl. 44--52 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Decreasing the viscosity of and improving the atomizing and burning characteristics of a heavy hydrocarbon by dissolving a non-hydrocarbon gas in the heavy hydrocarbon in an amount not exceeding 95% of saturation at conditions of temperature and pressure immediately preceding atomization.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a liquid fuel suitable to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer, using a hydrocarbon-containing feed as base material.
A hydrocarbon-containing feed may consist of hydrocarbons. It is also possible for such a feed to consist of hydrocarbons to which are added asphaltenes, soot particles, coke particles or coal particles or combinations thereof. The hydrocarbons may consist entirely or substantially of distilled fractions and may also consist entirely or substantially of residual fractions. Furthermore it is possible to use a crude oil as such.
Handling fuel in a pressure-type atomizer is a procedure which is widely employed in practice. The fuel is passed under high pressure-for instance up to 150 kg./cm. to an atomizer, which results in the formation of minute droplets of liquid which leave the atomizer to enter a combustion chamber. The temperature of the feed in the atomizer is chosen to be so high that the viscosity of the feed is low enough for the feed to be atomized. One aims at a viscosity below 100 cs., preferably below 20 cs.
An increase in temperature as a means to reach a sufficiently low viscosity as referred to hereinbefore is subject to limitations. Generally as upper limit is taken the temperature at which thermal decomposition of one or more components of the feed may occur. For many feeds this temperature lies at approximately 350 C. For this reason heavy feeds, which then do not meet the requirements as regards viscosity, cannot be handled. This is a great disadvantage, because such heavy feeds are often comparatively cheap or are composed partly of by-products such as soot or asphaltenes. The invention provides a process by which this disadvantage is to a considerable extent obviated.
The invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of a liquid fuel suitable to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer, using a hydrocarbon-containing feed as base material, in which process a gas not belonging to the hydrocarbons is dissolved in the feed in an amount not exceeding 95% of the maximum amount that can dissolve at the temperature and the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer.
Owing to this measure remarkably high reductions in viscosity are reached. It has been found that the viscosity of a base material whose viscosity is very high can be reduced to a value-measured at the same temperaturebeing one third of the original value. This means, in addiice tion, that with a fuel prepared according to the invention it is possible to attain a reduction by 40 C. of the minimum temperature required to enable the fuel to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer as compared with the minimum temperature which the feed used as base material requires for this purpose.
Furthermore it has been found that the dissolved gas has a favorable effect on the atomization of the fuel. As a result of the pressure in the pressure-type atomizer decreasing very rapidly, the solubility of the gas also decreases. Gas thus being liberated contributes to the liquid droplets being split up to a larger extent. In this connection it is of great importance that no formation of gas bubbles takes place in the pressure-type atomizer. Otherwise the flame generated would be irregular owing to repeated short interruptions of the fuel flow from the atomizer. This phenomenon may even cause the flame to be extinguished. In consequence of the decrease in the pressure in the pressure-type atomizer the fuel reaches a condition where the solution cannot be stable any longer. The gas starts to leave the solution. However, the residence time of the fuel in the zone where the pressure decreases in the pressure-type atomizer is very short. During that short time the process of gas leaving the solution just gets going. Now, by reducing the amount to be dissolved in the feed to not more than of the maximum amount that can dissolve at the temperature and the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer the formation of gas bubbles in the pressure-type atomizer is prevented, so that the stability of the flame is maintained. Also, it is ensured in this way that the dissolved gas entirely serves the purpose of improving the atomization.
The maximum amount of gas that can dissolvebesides being dependent on the temperature and on the pressure-is determined by the nature of the gas and of the feed. This amount can be assessed experimentally. It will then be possible for the desired amount of gas to be dissolved to be added in proportion to the feed flow.
According to another characteristic of the invention the gas is dissolved at a lower temperature and/or a lower pressure than the temperature and pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, whereupon the fuel, before being passed to the atomizer, is brought to a temperature and a pressure as prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, such gas as is possibly liberated being removed before a final pressure stage. In this way it will always be possible to add the amount of gas to be dissolved accurately in proportion to the feed flow, for the solubility of the gas generally decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing gas pressure. By selecting the conditions at which the gas is dissolved in such a way that a suitable combination is attained it will always be possible to attain the desired amount at the conditons prevailing immediaely before the atomizer. Such gas as is possibly liberated may be drawn off at a pressure that is just a little lower than that prevailing immediately before the pressure-type atomizer. Then, when the liquid pressure is further increased, the solution is no longer saturated.
It is also possible for the feed to be saturated with gas at a pressure which is slightly lower than the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressuretype atomizer and at a temperature which is equal to the temperature in that line. When the liquid pressure is further increased the solution at the new conditions becomes unsaturated.
Very favorable eifects are obtained if the gas consists of water vapor. Favorable effects are also attained with carbon dioxide or with hydrogen, as appears from the examples to be discussed hereinafter. It is likewise possible to use combinations of gases. The dissolution of water vapor or carbon dioxide not only yields the aforementioned effects of a decrease in viscosity and improvement of the atomization but also decreases the formation of soot during the combustion.
In the case of water vapor being used, water in the form of minute droplets can be introduced into the feed under pressure, at a lower temperature than that prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, which water, owing to the temperature subsequently being increased, vaporizes and dissolves in the feed, such water vapor as has not dissolved being removed before the fuel is passed to the atomizer. This procedure offers great advantages from a technical point of view, since water is cheap and permits of easy dosage. The process conditions should -be chosen in such a way that the water present in the fuel immediately before the pressure-type atomizer is dissolved therein in such an amount that the solution is saturated to an extent of at most 95%. If droplets of water should still be present there, then the intended decrease in viscosity would not be reached.
If it is possible for the temperature and the pressure to be chosen so that the critical point for the gas in question is exceeded, then the risk of liquid being formed from that gas is no longer present. For water the critical point lies at 374 C. and 218 kg./cm. These values are high, but can nevertheless be reached in practice.
The advantages of the process according to the invention are apparent particularly in combustion processes using very heavy fuels. Likewise of great importance is the application to a process for the preparation of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen by partial combustion ofa hydrocarbon-containing feed with an oxygen-containing gas in a reactor at a pressure higher than 1 kg./ cm). In a process of this type the formation of soot is diflicult to prevent. Usually the soot is removed from the stream of product gas by washing with a liquid, for instance with Water. Removal of the soot from the soot slurry obtained can be achieved, for instance, by agglomeration with a hydrocarbon. Such agglomerates can again be introduced into the feed as finely divided particles, so that a fuel is obtained which likewise contains carbon in the form of minute particles. This, however, results in a considerable increase in the viscosity. The process according to the invention enables an important decrease in the viscosity to be attained, as a result of which the amount of soot that can be introduced into a certain feed is increased until the upper limit of the range of viscosities that are permissible in the atomization is reached again.
EXAMPLE I Viscosity in cp.
Feed with dis- Temperature, C. Feed solved CO2 Thus, by dissolving carbon dioxide the viscosity of this very heavy feed is reduced by approximately a factor of EXAMPLE II A sample of a similar feed to that used in Example I was brought to a hydrogen pressure of 220 kg./cm. Herewith, in similar measurements to those described in Example I the following results were reached:
Viscosity in cp.
Feed with dis- Temperature, 0. Feed solved H2 In this case also straight lines as described herebefore are obtained. It follows from this that a viscosity of 100 cp. is reached for the feed at 358 C. and for the feed with dissolved H at 321 C. This is a very considerable reduction.
EXAMPLE HI A sample of the same feed as that used in Example I was brought to a steam pressure of 60 kg./cm. Herewith, in similar measurements to those described hereinbefore the following results were obtained:
Viscosity in cp.
Feed with dis- Temperature, 0. Feed solved H20 In this case also straight lines as described hereinbefore are obtained. It follows from this that a viscosity of 100 cp. is reached for the feed at 350 C. and for the feed with dissolved H O at 316 C. This is a very considerable reduction.
It should be noted that the viscosities mentioned in the examples are expressed in cp. As the densities of the liquids measured will differ little from 1, the values of the viscosity expressed in cs. will differ little from those in cp.
What we claim is:
1. A process for the preparation of a liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel from a heavy hydrocarbon-containing feed, whereby the fuel is suitable to be handled in a pressure-type atomizer comprising dissolving a gas selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide hydrogen and water vapor in the feed in an amount not exceeding of the maximum amount that can dissolve at the temperature and the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the gas is dissolved in the feed at a lower pressure than the pressure prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the gas consists of water vapor.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the gas consists of carbon dioxide.
5. A process according to claim 3 wherein water in the form of minute droplets is introduced into the feed under pressure and at a lower temperature than that prevailing in the line immediately before the pressure-type atomizer, subsequently increasing the temperature and removing excess water vapor before the fuel is passed to the atomizer.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 890,620 6/ 1908 Diesel 4452 6 Gronkwist 48219 Gaertner 44-52 X Schlumbohm 4452 X De Lamprecht 44-52 X Strouse 44-52 X Donnelly 48-213 X DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner 1,519,830 12/1924 Goeriz 48214 10 W. J. SHINE, Assistant Examiner
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6818913 | 1968-04-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3672853A true US3672853A (en) | 1972-06-27 |
Family
ID=19805524
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US818074A Expired - Lifetime US3672853A (en) | 1968-04-22 | 1969-04-21 | Preparation of a liquid fuel for a pressure-type atomizer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3672853A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4640675A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-02-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of burning low hydrogen content fuels |
US4643666A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-02-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of burning hydrogen deficient fuels |
US6350289B1 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 2002-02-26 | Marathon Ashland Petroleum Llc | Two-zone molten metal hydrogen-rich and carbon monoxide-rich gas generation process |
US20030213982A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor memory device and method for manufacturing the same |
US20040220284A1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-04 | General Electric Company | Spray atomization |
US7279017B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2007-10-09 | Colt Engineering Corporation | Method for converting heavy oil residuum to a useful fuel |
US7341102B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2008-03-11 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. | Flue gas injection for heavy oil recovery |
US7770640B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2010-08-10 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. | Carbon dioxide enriched flue gas injection for hydrocarbon recovery |
CN105462624A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-06 | 胡保彪 | Alcohol-based water-added liquid coal gas |
-
1969
- 1969-04-21 US US818074A patent/US3672853A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4640675A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-02-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of burning low hydrogen content fuels |
US4643666A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-02-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of burning hydrogen deficient fuels |
US6350289B1 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 2002-02-26 | Marathon Ashland Petroleum Llc | Two-zone molten metal hydrogen-rich and carbon monoxide-rich gas generation process |
US7279017B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2007-10-09 | Colt Engineering Corporation | Method for converting heavy oil residuum to a useful fuel |
US20030213982A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor memory device and method for manufacturing the same |
US20040220284A1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-04 | General Electric Company | Spray atomization |
US7553878B2 (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2009-06-30 | General Electric Company | Spray atomization |
US7341102B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2008-03-11 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. | Flue gas injection for heavy oil recovery |
US7770640B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2010-08-10 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. | Carbon dioxide enriched flue gas injection for hydrocarbon recovery |
CN105462624A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-06 | 胡保彪 | Alcohol-based water-added liquid coal gas |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3672853A (en) | Preparation of a liquid fuel for a pressure-type atomizer | |
US2672402A (en) | Process of producing carbon black and synthesis gas | |
US3972690A (en) | Gasification process | |
GB699406A (en) | Process and apparatus for the production of carbon black | |
Woods et al. | Soot surface growth at active sites | |
US2446221A (en) | Producing aluminum halides by the reaction of alumina, carbon, and free halogen | |
US3446609A (en) | Gasification with water-containing feed | |
US4643666A (en) | Method of burning hydrogen deficient fuels | |
US3097082A (en) | Gasification of hydrocarbon fuel oils | |
US3129266A (en) | Process for production of acetylene by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons | |
US1918254A (en) | Befobming of natttbal gases | |
US2867516A (en) | Process for burning gaseous fuels | |
WO1983004416A1 (en) | Coal compositions | |
US4145189A (en) | Process for preparing a clean-burning, low sulphur liquid fuel from coal | |
US3089539A (en) | Method and fuel for operating combustion equipment | |
GB851994A (en) | Process and apparatus for the conversion of hydrocarbons | |
NO125352B (en) | ||
US3989479A (en) | Gaseous fuel mixture | |
US3007849A (en) | Stepwise desulfurization of fluid coke particles with steam and hydrogen | |
US2702744A (en) | Gasification of powdered fuel and use of a protective gas | |
US2949350A (en) | Processing of lignite | |
US4249911A (en) | Combustible fuel composition | |
CN108096997B (en) | Absorption liquid for wet dust removal process in high-temperature plasma coal cracking acetylene preparation process and application | |
US2103182A (en) | Process for making gas | |
US2894830A (en) | Fuel compositions |