US3669850A - Method for the production of abrasive brushing elements - Google Patents

Method for the production of abrasive brushing elements Download PDF

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US3669850A
US3669850A US843090A US3669850DA US3669850A US 3669850 A US3669850 A US 3669850A US 843090 A US843090 A US 843090A US 3669850D A US3669850D A US 3669850DA US 3669850 A US3669850 A US 3669850A
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wire bristle
small particles
metal plating
bristle
metal
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US843090A
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Cedo Draca
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24364—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.] with transparent or protective coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/24413—Metal or metal compound

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [51] Int. Cl. ..C23b 7/00, C23b 5/48
  • An abrasive brushing element such as a wire bristle, a strip or [58] Field of Search ..204/16, 23, 3, 4, 15, 27; a plate having the tip and a substantial portion thereof clad 1 17/17, 26 with a layer ofa metal such as nickel, wherein is bound a layer or more of very fine abrasive powder, such as tungsten car- [56] Referen e Ci d bide.
  • the article is produce by crushing a material of high hardness to a very fine particle size and imparting an electro- UNITED STATES PATENTS static charge at the surface thereof.
  • the fine particles are then caused to electrostatically adhere at the tip and along a sub- ;JggfigJE/J lllggl Smysen ..117/17 Stamial portion of the brushing element while metal plating l l/ l 5 Johnstonm 17/17 preferably with nickel at least that portion of the brushing ele- 2,12s,907 9/1938 Benner et a1 ...117 17 mm 2,297,691 10/1942 Carlson ...117/17 2,343,957 3/1944 Crompton, Jr ..117/17 17 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJUN 1 3 1972 QVI r/m AUX INVENTOR Cedo DRACA ATTORNEY METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ABRASIVE BRUSI-IING ELEMENTS
  • This invention
  • the bristles of industrial brushes are made of steel and particular stainless steel, and some present protective and/or strengthening metal coatings covering the surface of the wire, It is also known to make bristles of superior abrasive power by setting particles of abrasive compounds at the tips of the wires in the manner that diamonds are set in a diamond drill bit; such a solution was proposed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 2,608,034.
  • the present invention proposes a solution that permits obtaining a uniform distribution of abrasive particles at and away from the tip of each wire without the aforementioned defects of the prior art reference.
  • the improved bristle of the invention consists of a metal wire, at least a portion of which is clad with an electrodeposited layer of metal wherein is bound a layer or more of very fine abrasive powder. Covering the tip of the wire bristle and the fine abrasive powder, is a coating of a metal, preferably nickel, which has been made by metal plating.
  • the method according to the invention therefore comprises crushing a material of high hardness to a particle size smaller than about 100 u, imparting an electrostatic charge at the surface of the small particles of a material of high hardness, causing an amount of the electrostatically charged small particles to become electrostatically retained at the tip and along a substantial portion of a brushing element, and metal plating the brushing element which has small particles electrostatically retained thereon.
  • the preferred brushing element is a wire bristle preferably made of steel, it is understood that the present invention can also be applied to strips or plates or any other brushing elements used in industrial brushes.
  • the material of high hardness which is crushed to a small particle size, preferably 0.5 to 100;.t, includes a carbide material.
  • carbide material which is used throughout this disclosure and claims includes silicon carbide and preferably tungsten carbide.
  • the commercially available product usually consists of a tungsten carbide and a nickelcobalt binder; minor amounts of carbides of other refractory metals are often present particularly those of titanium and tantalum, but less frequently those of the other refractory metals such as columbium, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, zirconium and hafnium. All such materials are characterized by their great hardness which is, in part, attributable to the hardness of the particular carbide. The practice of the invention is facilitated by the fact that the required carbide materials are generally available commercially; nevertheless, it must be understood that the invention also contemplates the possibility of utilizing all kinds of carbide materials.
  • the crushing of the material of high hardness is preferably carried out in a ball mill, the latter being capable of inducing alone electrostatic charges at the surface of the small particles.
  • the electric charges on the small particles is imparted more successfully if an electrostatic powder gun is used to shoot electrons in a mass of small particles.
  • the electrostatically charged small particles are formed in a paste or slurry before being retained at the tip of the brushing element, and this is done by adding a non-electrolyte volatile liquid, such as isopropanol to the particles.
  • a non-electrolyte volatile liquid such as isopropanol
  • Metal plating may be carried out by dipping the brushing element having electrostatic charged particles of tungsten carbide or the like at the tip thereof, in a metal plating bath and allowing the metal, preferably nickel, to coat the tip of the brushing element. It is recommended to add a small amount of an activator to the metal bath.
  • this activator is nickel chloride which is added as an alcoholic solution containing 75 milligrams NiCI, per liter of alcohol. It is also believed that this activator helps to increase the life of the electrostatic charge in the suspension comprising the metal plating bath.
  • the galvanic effect produced when metal plating could cause the small particles to be removed from the tip of the brushing element. For this reason, a small quantity of an electric current is induced in the brushing element, and this quantity is only sufficient to retain the small particles at the tip of the brushing elements while preventing them from passing into the metal plating bath.
  • the brushing element is gradually introduced into the plating bath while applying the above small current, and at the same time gradually raising the voltage after the entire length of the portion to be plated has been dipped and subjected to initial plating at low density.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section view of the tip of a stainless steel bristle treated by the process according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is the same view of the same stainless steel bristle plated along the entire length thereof.
  • the wire bristle 1 is surrounded at the tip and along a substantial portion thereof with a large number of small particles of tungsten carbide 3.
  • the whole is plated with nickel coating 5 and the gradually thinning out portion 7 is produced by first dipping the brushing element until it reaches the level 9 and gradually raising the bristle wire 1 to form this portion 7. The plated wire bristle is then suddenly removed from the metal plating bath.
  • the wire bristle 1 has a nickel coating which extends substantially past the portion containing the small particle of tungsten carbide 3. This portion 11 serves to define more stiffness in the wire bristle.
  • a method of producing abrasive wire bristle which comprises:
  • a method according to claim 1 wherein said material having high hardness is crushed to a particle size in the range between about 0.5x to about 100A 6.
  • a method according to claim 8 comprising cleaning and drying said wire bristle before causing said small particles to become electrostatically retained thereon.
  • a method according to claim 12, wherein said activator is nickel chloride.

Abstract

An abrasive brushing element such as a wire bristle, a strip or a plate having the tip and a substantial portion thereof clad with a layer of a metal such as nickel, wherein is bound a layer or more of very fine abrasive powder, such as tungsten carbide. The article is produce by crushing a material of high hardness to a very fine particle size and imparting an electrostatic charge at the surface thereof. The fine particles are then caused to electrostatically adhere at the tip and along a substantial portion of the brushing element while metal plating, preferably with nickel at least that portion of the brushing element.

Description

O United States Patent [151 3,669,850 Draca June 13, 1972 [5 METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 2,391,206 12/1945 Van Der Pyl.... ..204/16 ABRASIVE BRUSHING ELEMENTS 2,424,140 7/1947 Beecher ..204/16 [72] Inventor: Cedo Draca, 2165 Barnes Street, St. Lau- FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS rent, Montreal 388, Quebec, Canada 346,473 4/1931 Great Britain [22] Filed: July 18, 1969 Primary Eraminer.lohn H. Mack [21] Appl 843090 Assistant Examiner-TTufariello Att0rneyRaymond A. Robic [52] U.S. C1 ..204/16,l17/16,117/17,
117/31, 204/15, 204/23, 204/27 [57] ABSTRACT [51] Int. Cl. ..C23b 7/00, C23b 5/48 An abrasive brushing element such as a wire bristle, a strip or [58] Field of Search ..204/16, 23, 3, 4, 15, 27; a plate having the tip and a substantial portion thereof clad 1 17/17, 26 with a layer ofa metal such as nickel, wherein is bound a layer or more of very fine abrasive powder, such as tungsten car- [56] Referen e Ci d bide. The article is produce by crushing a material of high hardness to a very fine particle size and imparting an electro- UNITED STATES PATENTS static charge at the surface thereof. The fine particles are then caused to electrostatically adhere at the tip and along a sub- ;JggfigJE/J lllggl Smysen ..117/17 Stamial portion of the brushing element while metal plating l l/ l 5 Johnstonm 17/17 preferably with nickel at least that portion of the brushing ele- 2,12s,907 9/1938 Benner et a1 ...117 17 mm 2,297,691 10/1942 Carlson ...117/17 2,343,957 3/1944 Crompton, Jr ..117/17 17 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJUN 1 3 1972 QVI r/m AUX INVENTOR Cedo DRACA ATTORNEY METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ABRASIVE BRUSI-IING ELEMENTS This invention relates to a method for the production of abrasive brushing elements such as plates, strips and bristles used in the making of industrial brushes. More particularly, the invention relates to a bristle material presenting greater wear resistance, durability and abrasive power that hitherto used materials.
Most commonly, the bristles of industrial brushes are made of steel and particular stainless steel, and some present protective and/or strengthening metal coatings covering the surface of the wire, It is also known to make bristles of superior abrasive power by setting particles of abrasive compounds at the tips of the wires in the manner that diamonds are set in a diamond drill bit; such a solution was proposed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 2,608,034. Whereas it was found possible to set abrasive particles of manipulable sizes at the tips of wire bristles, the setting of similar granules elsewhere along the bristles would have been impractical as it would have necessitated excessive increase in the radial dimension of the wires with a resultant objectionable degree of stifiening.
The present invention proposes a solution that permits obtaining a uniform distribution of abrasive particles at and away from the tip of each wire without the aforementioned defects of the prior art reference.
The improved bristle of the invention consists of a metal wire, at least a portion of which is clad with an electrodeposited layer of metal wherein is bound a layer or more of very fine abrasive powder. Covering the tip of the wire bristle and the fine abrasive powder, is a coating of a metal, preferably nickel, which has been made by metal plating.
The method according to the invention therefore comprises crushing a material of high hardness to a particle size smaller than about 100 u, imparting an electrostatic charge at the surface of the small particles of a material of high hardness, causing an amount of the electrostatically charged small particles to become electrostatically retained at the tip and along a substantial portion of a brushing element, and metal plating the brushing element which has small particles electrostatically retained thereon.
Through the preferred brushing element is a wire bristle preferably made of steel, it is understood that the present invention can also be applied to strips or plates or any other brushing elements used in industrial brushes.
The material of high hardness which is crushed to a small particle size, preferably 0.5 to 100;.t, includes a carbide material. The term carbide material which is used throughout this disclosure and claims includes silicon carbide and preferably tungsten carbide. The commercially available product usually consists of a tungsten carbide and a nickelcobalt binder; minor amounts of carbides of other refractory metals are often present particularly those of titanium and tantalum, but less frequently those of the other refractory metals such as columbium, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, zirconium and hafnium. All such materials are characterized by their great hardness which is, in part, attributable to the hardness of the particular carbide. The practice of the invention is facilitated by the fact that the required carbide materials are generally available commercially; nevertheless, it must be understood that the invention also contemplates the possibility of utilizing all kinds of carbide materials.
Since only the tips of the brushing element is treated in the above manner, the remaining portions are usually masked by applying a commercial wax wherever suitable. The purpose of masking these portions of the brushing element is to confine the deposit of abrasive particles and the corresponding metal coating to a specific area which requires to be hardened.
After having masked the brushing element, it is recommended to clean the latter in a hot alkaline metal cleaner for a period of 2 to 3 minutes, to rinse the same thoroughly in hot water and to dry it in air before causing the small particles to become retained at the tip thereof.
The crushing of the material of high hardness is preferably carried out in a ball mill, the latter being capable of inducing alone electrostatic charges at the surface of the small particles. However, the electric charges on the small particles is imparted more successfully if an electrostatic powder gun is used to shoot electrons in a mass of small particles.
It is recommended to crush the carbide material to a particle size as small as possible, since then the same will adhere more easily, when electrostatically charged, to the brushing element.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the electrostatically charged small particles are formed in a paste or slurry before being retained at the tip of the brushing element, and this is done by adding a non-electrolyte volatile liquid, such as isopropanol to the particles.
Metal plating may be carried out by dipping the brushing element having electrostatic charged particles of tungsten carbide or the like at the tip thereof, in a metal plating bath and allowing the metal, preferably nickel, to coat the tip of the brushing element. It is recommended to add a small amount of an activator to the metal bath. Preferably, this activator is nickel chloride which is added as an alcoholic solution containing 75 milligrams NiCI, per liter of alcohol. It is also believed that this activator helps to increase the life of the electrostatic charge in the suspension comprising the metal plating bath. In some cases, the galvanic effect produced when metal plating could cause the small particles to be removed from the tip of the brushing element. For this reason, a small quantity of an electric current is induced in the brushing element, and this quantity is only sufficient to retain the small particles at the tip of the brushing elements while preventing them from passing into the metal plating bath.
Generally, the brushing element is gradually introduced into the plating bath while applying the above small current, and at the same time gradually raising the voltage after the entire length of the portion to be plated has been dipped and subjected to initial plating at low density.
In the drawing which illustrates the invention,
FIG. 1 is a cross-section view of the tip of a stainless steel bristle treated by the process according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is the same view of the same stainless steel bristle plated along the entire length thereof.
Referring to FIG. 1, it will be seen that the wire bristle 1 is surrounded at the tip and along a substantial portion thereof with a large number of small particles of tungsten carbide 3. i
The whole is plated with nickel coating 5 and the gradually thinning out portion 7 is produced by first dipping the brushing element until it reaches the level 9 and gradually raising the bristle wire 1 to form this portion 7. The plated wire bristle is then suddenly removed from the metal plating bath.
In FIG. 2, the wire bristle 1 has a nickel coating which extends substantially past the portion containing the small particle of tungsten carbide 3. This portion 11 serves to define more stiffness in the wire bristle.
It is recommended to carry out the plating operation by keeping the bath cold, provided the temperature is not below 60 C.
I claim:
1. A method of producing abrasive wire bristle which comprises:
a. crushing a material of high hardness to a particle size smaller than about t;
b. imparting an electrostatic charge at the surface of the small particles of hard material;
c. causing an amount of the electrostatically charged small particles to become electrostatically retained at the tip and along a substantial portion of said wire bristle; and
d. metal plating said wire bristle having said small particles electrotatically retained thereon.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which said wire bristle is made of steel.
3. A method according to claim 1, in which said material of high hardness is a metal carbide.
4. A method according to claim 1, in which said metal carbide is tungsten carbide.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said material having high hardness is crushed to a particle size in the range between about 0.5x to about 100A 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said crushing is carried out in a ball mill, which induces said electrostatic charges at the surface of said small particles.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said electric charge is imparted to said small particles by an electrostatic powder gun.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein wax is. applied to said wire bristle to mask the portions of said wire bristle where small particles and metal plating are undesired.
9. A method according to claim 8, and comprising cleaning and drying said wire bristle before causing said small particles to become electrostatically retained thereon.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein said electrostatically charged small particles are formed into a paste or slurry byadding thereto a non-electrolyte volatile liquid before being retained at the tip of said wire bristle.
11. A method according to claim 1, wherein said metal plating is carried out by dipping in a metal plating bath said wire bristle having said small particles electrostatically retained thereon.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said metal plating bath also contains a small amount of an activator.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein said activator is nickel chloride.
14. A method according to claim 10, wherein said volatile liquid is isopropyl alcohol.
15. A method according to claim 11, wherein said metal plating is carried out while applying a small current to said wire bristle, said current only sufiicient to retain said small particles on said wire bristle, while preventing the same from passing into the metal plating bath.
16. A method according to claim 1, wherein said wire bristle is plated with nickel, on the entire length thereof.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein the tip of said wire bristle is gradually introduced into the plating bath, while gradually raising the voltage after the entire length of the portion to be plated has been dipped and subjected to initial plating at low density.
I II! I l l

Claims (16)

  1. 2. A method according to claim 1, in which said wire bristle is made of steel.
  2. 3. A method according to claim 1, in which said material of high hardness is a metal carbide.
  3. 4. A method according to claim 1, in which said metal carbide is tungsten carbide.
  4. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said material having high hardness is crushed to a particle size in the range between about 0.5 lambda to about 100 lambda .
  5. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said crushing is carried out in a ball mill, which induces said electrostatic charges at the surface of said small particles.
  6. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said electric charge is imparted to said small particles by an electrostatic powder gun.
  7. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein wax is applied to said wire bristle to mask the portions of said wire bristle where small particles and metal plating are undesired.
  8. 9. A method according to claim 8, and comprising cleaning and drying said wire bristle before causing said small particles to become electrostatically retained thereon.
  9. 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein said electrostatically charged small particles are formed into a paste or slurry by adding thereto a non-electrolyte volatile liquid before being retained at the tip of said wire bristle.
  10. 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein said metal plating is carried out by dipping in a metal plating bath said wire bristle having said small particles electrostatically retained thereon.
  11. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said metal plating bath also contains a small amount of an activator.
  12. 13. A method according to claim 12, wherein said activator is nickel chloride.
  13. 14. A method according to claim 10, wherein said volatile liquid is isopropyl alcohol.
  14. 15. A method according to claim 11, wherein said metal plating is carried out while applying a small current to said wire bristle, said current only sufficient to retain said small particles on said wire bristle, while preventing the same from passing into the metal plating bath.
  15. 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein said wire bristle is plated with nickel, on the entire length thereof.
  16. 17. A method according to claim 15, wherein the tip of said wire bristle is gradually introduced into the plating bath, while gradually raising the voltage after the entire length of the portion to be plated has been dipped and subjected to initial plating at low density.
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Cited By (20)

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US4055700A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-10-25 Lumalampan Ab Thin composite wire saw with surface cutting crystals
US4098388A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-07-04 Fabrique d'Horlogerie CHS, Tissot & Fils. S.A. Printing wire for use in a matrix printer and method for making same
US4139659A (en) * 1975-06-02 1979-02-13 Lumalampan Ab Thin composite wire saw with surface cutting crystals
US4234333A (en) * 1979-04-25 1980-11-18 Fansteel, Inc. Process for recovering metal carbide powder from cemented carbides
US4510183A (en) * 1982-09-16 1985-04-09 Rabewerk Heinrich Clausing Method for applying wear-resistant coatings on working surfaces of tools and devices
US5427595A (en) * 1992-03-19 1995-06-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Abrasive filaments comprising abrasive-filled thermoplastic elastomer, methods of making same, articles incorporating same and methods of using said articles
US5460883A (en) * 1992-03-19 1995-10-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Composite abrasive filaments, methods of making same, articles incorporating same, and methods of using said articles
US20020073813A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-20 Tenryu Seikyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal bonded drilling and boring tool
US20030115702A1 (en) * 1998-06-05 2003-06-26 Edwards Mark Stephen Bristles having varying stiffness
US20060228486A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-12 Xerox Corporation Fabrication and method for making AC biased conductive brush for eliminating VOC induced LCM
US20090155007A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Credo Technology Corporation Abrasive coated bit
US20090308756A1 (en) * 1996-09-13 2009-12-17 Brian Samuel Beaman Probe structure coaxial elongated electrical conductor projecting from a support surface, apparatus for use thereof and methods of fabrication thereof
USD717619S1 (en) 2013-04-01 2014-11-18 Ridge Tool Company Tool handle
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US9434055B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2016-09-06 Ridge Tool Company Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches
US9656873B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-05-23 Kennametal Inc. Purification of tungsten carbide compositions

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GB346473A (en) * 1930-01-18 1931-04-16 Firth Sterling Steel Co Improvements in and relating to methods of making compositions of matter having cutting or abrading characteristics
US2020117A (en) * 1930-05-21 1935-11-05 Calibron Products Inc Cutting, grinding, and burnishing tool and the production thereof
US2128907A (en) * 1936-10-08 1938-09-06 Carborundum Co Method of making abrasive coated material
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US2424140A (en) * 1942-01-22 1947-07-15 Norton Co Method of making abrasive articles
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Cited By (30)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4055700A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-10-25 Lumalampan Ab Thin composite wire saw with surface cutting crystals
US4139659A (en) * 1975-06-02 1979-02-13 Lumalampan Ab Thin composite wire saw with surface cutting crystals
US4098388A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-07-04 Fabrique d'Horlogerie CHS, Tissot & Fils. S.A. Printing wire for use in a matrix printer and method for making same
US4234333A (en) * 1979-04-25 1980-11-18 Fansteel, Inc. Process for recovering metal carbide powder from cemented carbides
US4510183A (en) * 1982-09-16 1985-04-09 Rabewerk Heinrich Clausing Method for applying wear-resistant coatings on working surfaces of tools and devices
US5460883A (en) * 1992-03-19 1995-10-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Composite abrasive filaments, methods of making same, articles incorporating same, and methods of using said articles
US5427595A (en) * 1992-03-19 1995-06-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Abrasive filaments comprising abrasive-filled thermoplastic elastomer, methods of making same, articles incorporating same and methods of using said articles
US5491025A (en) * 1992-03-19 1996-02-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive filaments comprising abrasive-filled thermoplastic elastomer
US5518794A (en) * 1992-03-19 1996-05-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article incorporating composite abrasive filament
US5571296A (en) * 1992-03-19 1996-11-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making composite abrasive filaments
US5616411A (en) * 1992-03-19 1997-04-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Composite abrasive filaments, methods of making same, articles incorporating same, and methods of using said articles
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