US3648201A - Plastic covered flexible waveguide formed from a metal coated dielectric layer - Google Patents

Plastic covered flexible waveguide formed from a metal coated dielectric layer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3648201A
US3648201A US871870A US3648201DA US3648201A US 3648201 A US3648201 A US 3648201A US 871870 A US871870 A US 871870A US 3648201D A US3648201D A US 3648201DA US 3648201 A US3648201 A US 3648201A
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tube
combination defined
section
waveguide
flexible dielectric
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US871870A
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Hans Gissel
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Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
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Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/14Hollow waveguides flexible
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49016Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A flexible waveguide composed of a tube of noncircular cross section formed by overlapping opposite edges of a sheet, the sheet being a laminate formed of metal foil covered on one surface by a layer of flexible dielectric. The exterior of the tube is covered with'additional flexible dielectric material which forms a relatively thick protective coating.
  • This invention relates to waveguides, and more particularly to a flexible dielectric tube having a metallized layer on its interior surface to permit its use as a waveguide.
  • a waveguide which is free of the above-noted drawbacks in that it is inexpensive to manufacture, light in weight and has a structure which does not adversely affect the transmission properties of the waveguide.
  • a tube from a laminated sheet formed of a metal foil covered with a dielectric layer.
  • the opposite edges of the sheet are overlapped with the metal foil forming the tube interior.
  • the sheet is glued or welded at the points of overlap and the entire tube is then covered with an additional protective coating of dielectricmaterial, such as plastic.
  • the internal cross section of the tube is noncircular.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a waveguide according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partly in section and partly broken away, of the waveguide of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a waveguide according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a waveguide according to the present invention is formed with a sheet 1 having opposite edges bent back upon itself to form a tube 2 having an approximately elliptical inner cross section 4.
  • the tube interior has a major diameter d and a minor diameter d,.
  • the edges are overlapped through a region C whose width is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength of the waves to be transmitted over the waveguide.
  • the longitudinal seam 5 of the overlapped region is secured by a welded or glued joint 6.
  • Sheet 1 is formed of a metal foil layer In and a layer of dielectric material lb.
  • the metal foil may be of copper or aluminum and the dielectric material may be of polyethylene or polyisobutylene mixed with carbon black or graphite.
  • the relative thickness of the sheet layers is somewhat exaggerated in the drawing to more clearly show the structure.
  • the exterior of the tube is covered with a protective coating 3 of polyvinyl chloride.
  • the protective coating 3 is secured to the tube 2 by gluing or welding.
  • the polyvinyl chloride may be sprayed on.
  • the heat released as the polyvinyl chloride mass hardens may be used to weld the dielectric layer of the tube 2 and its metal foil in the region of the seam 5.
  • the exterior surface of coating 3 is of circular cross section.
  • the sheet 1 is placed over a suitably shaped core to produce the desired inner cross section for the waveguide and the desired overlap.
  • the waveguide can be easily manufactured in any desired length with the aid of conventional cable sheathing machines.
  • the thickness of the metal foil and of the other materials involved are primarily selected so that the waveguide can be bent about desired radii or through desired torsion angles without undesirable buckling or other distortion when the guide is installed. From an electrical point of view the layer thickness of the foil should be a multiple of the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted. This will suffice for externally shielding the waveguide. For reasons of stability the thickness of the metal foil is always a multiple of the above-mentioned penetration depth.
  • the overlap width C may be made equal to approximately a quarter wavelength of the wave to be transmitted.
  • the overlapping zone extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide and is arranged that it extends approximately perpendicular with the Hy vector of the guided waves.
  • the dielectric material lb may be enriched with a material which strongly damps electromagnetic waves in order to prevent the escape of electromagnetic energy in this region.
  • this additive is concentrated in the region of the overlap.
  • graphite is added to the dielectric material lb with a percentage by volume of about 10-30 percent.
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of the invention is seen in which the inner cross section of the waveguide is rectangular with sharply rounded corners.
  • This shape, or any other noncircular cross section, may be fonned by using an appropriately formed core during fabrication. Such shapes are useful for clear transmission of plane polarized waves.
  • This embodiment has a glued joint 6' securing the overlapped regions together and another glued joint 7 securing the protective coating 3 to the tube 2.
  • the circular exterior of coating 3 is particularly advantageous for attachment of the required fittings to the waveguide.
  • the waveguide according to either embodiment of the present invention is particularly suited for use in mobile stations where fast setup and takedown time for the antenna is required.
  • a waveguide For a particular embodiment of the invention intended to transmit waves of a length of 5.9-6.5 MHz. a waveguide might have the following dimensions:
  • the metal foil thickness is a multiple of the penetration depth of the waves.
  • a waveguide comprising, in combination:
  • a tube of noncircular cross section formed of a laminated sheet of a metal foil layer which covers one surface of a layer of flexible dielectric material, said sheet extending back upon itself so that opposite edge regions overlap for approximately one-quarter wavelength with the metal foil layer facing the interior of said tube, said overlapped regions of said laminated sheet being secured together, and extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide and approximately perpendicular to the Hy vector of the wave to be transmitted through said waveguide, said dielectric material containing means for damping transmitted electromagnetic waves at least in the area between said overlapped regions;
  • material is polyethylene
  • said inner cross section of said tube is elliptical and the outer cross section of said flexible dielectric coating is circular; said overlapped regions are secured together and said flexible dielectric material is secured to the exterior of said tube by respective welded joints; said metal foil is aluminum; said dielectric material is a polyethylene mixed with carbon; and said flexible dielectric coating is of polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract

A flexible waveguide composed of a tube of noncircular cross section formed by overlapping opposite edges of a sheet, the sheet being a laminate formed of metal foil covered on one surface by a layer of flexible dielectric. The exterior of the tube is covered with additional flexible dielectric material which forms a relatively thick protective coating.

Description

i 4 United States Patent Gissel [54] PLASTIC COVERED FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE FORMED FROM A I .METAL COATED DIELECTRIC LAYER [72] Inventor: I'Ians Gissel, Backnang'Wurtternberg, Germany Telefunlren Patentverwertungsgesellschaft m.b.II., Ulm-Donau, Germany [22] Filed: Oct 28, 1969 [21] Appl.No.: 871,870
[73] Assignee:
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 8, 1968 [52] ILS. Cl. ..333/95 R, 333/95 A, 29/600 I [51] Int.Cl [58] FieldofSearch ..II0lp 3/14,H01p 11/00 333/95, 95 A; 174/109; 29/600, 29/601 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Germany ..P 18 07 718.4
1451 Mar. 7, 1972 1 Primary Examiner-Herman Karl Saalbach Assistant Examiner-Wm. H. Punter Attorney-Spencer & Kaye [57] ABSTRACT A flexible waveguide composed of a tube of noncircular cross section formed by overlapping opposite edges of a sheet, the sheet being a laminate formed of metal foil covered on one surface by a layer of flexible dielectric. The exterior of the tube is covered with'additional flexible dielectric material which forms a relatively thick protective coating.
11 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures Patented March 7, 1972 Inventor Hans Gissel J BY %m-ew t aye,
ATTORNEYS.
PLASTIC COVERED FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE FORMED FROM A METAL COATED DIELECTRIC LAYER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to waveguides, and more particularly to a flexible dielectric tube having a metallized layer on its interior surface to permit its use as a waveguide.
Prior art flexible waveguides have been made of corrugated metal tubes covered with an additional protective coating of a dielectric material such as a plastic. These presented certain disadvantages. The corrugated metal tube was subject to corrosion and the waveguide was relatively heavy. Moreover, the manufacturing expense for forming such a corrugated tube was relatively great. In addition the corrugations impaired the transmission properties of the waveguide.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Among the objects of the present invention is the provision of a waveguide which is free of the above-noted drawbacks in that it is inexpensive to manufacture, light in weight and has a structure which does not adversely affect the transmission properties of the waveguide.
Briefly stated, these and other objects of the present invention are achieved by forming a tube from a laminated sheet formed of a metal foil covered with a dielectric layer. The opposite edges of the sheet are overlapped with the metal foil forming the tube interior. The sheet is glued or welded at the points of overlap and the entire tube is then covered with an additional protective coating of dielectricmaterial, such as plastic. The internal cross section of the tube is noncircular.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a waveguide according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partly in section and partly broken away, of the waveguide of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a waveguide according to another embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, a waveguide according to the present invention is formed with a sheet 1 having opposite edges bent back upon itself to form a tube 2 having an approximately elliptical inner cross section 4. The tube interior has a major diameter d and a minor diameter d,. The edges are overlapped through a region C whose width is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength of the waves to be transmitted over the waveguide. The longitudinal seam 5 of the overlapped region is secured by a welded or glued joint 6.
Sheet 1 is formed of a metal foil layer In and a layer of dielectric material lb. The metal foil may be of copper or aluminum and the dielectric material may be of polyethylene or polyisobutylene mixed with carbon black or graphite. The relative thickness of the sheet layers is somewhat exaggerated in the drawing to more clearly show the structure. The exterior of the tube is covered with a protective coating 3 of polyvinyl chloride.
The protective coating 3 is secured to the tube 2 by gluing or welding. In the preferred embodiment the polyvinyl chloride may be sprayed on. The heat released as the polyvinyl chloride mass hardens may be used to weld the dielectric layer of the tube 2 and its metal foil in the region of the seam 5. The exterior surface of coating 3 is of circular cross section.
During fabrication, the sheet 1 is placed over a suitably shaped core to produce the desired inner cross section for the waveguide and the desired overlap. The waveguide can be easily manufactured in any desired length with the aid of conventional cable sheathing machines.
The thickness of the metal foil and of the other materials involved are primarily selected so that the waveguide can be bent about desired radii or through desired torsion angles without undesirable buckling or other distortion when the guide is installed. From an electrical point of view the layer thickness of the foil should be a multiple of the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted. This will suffice for externally shielding the waveguide. For reasons of stability the thickness of the metal foil is always a multiple of the above-mentioned penetration depth.
Unintended escape of electromagnetic energy from the interior of the waveguide in the region of the overlap may be avoided by making the overlap width C equal to approximately a quarter wavelength of the wave to be transmitted. Preferably the overlapping zone extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide and is arranged that it extends approximately perpendicular with the Hy vector of the guided waves. The dielectric material lb may be enriched with a material which strongly damps electromagnetic waves in order to prevent the escape of electromagnetic energy in this region.
Preferably this additive is concentrated in the region of the overlap. For this purpose graphite is added to the dielectric material lb with a percentage by volume of about 10-30 percent.
Referring now to FIG. 3, another embodiment of the invention is seen in which the inner cross section of the waveguide is rectangular with sharply rounded corners. This shape, or any other noncircular cross section, may be fonned by using an appropriately formed core during fabrication. Such shapes are useful for clear transmission of plane polarized waves.
This embodiment has a glued joint 6' securing the overlapped regions together and another glued joint 7 securing the protective coating 3 to the tube 2.
In both embodiments of the invention the circular exterior of coating 3 is particularly advantageous for attachment of the required fittings to the waveguide. The waveguide according to either embodiment of the present invention is particularly suited for use in mobile stations where fast setup and takedown time for the antenna is required.
It will be apparent that there has been provided a waveguide which is inexpensive to manufacture, relatively light in weight and which is flexible and convenient to use.
For a particular embodiment of the invention intended to transmit waves of a length of 5.9-6.5 MHz. a waveguide might have the following dimensions:
Thickness of aluminum metal foil la 0.1 mm.,
thickness of sheet dielectric layer lb 3.5 mm.,
exterior diameter of coating 3 70 mm.,
major diameter d of interior of tube 2 43.6 mm.,
minor diameter d: of tube 2 25.9 mm.
The metal foil thickness is a multiple of the penetration depth of the waves.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A waveguide comprising, in combination:
a. a tube of noncircular cross section formed of a laminated sheet of a metal foil layer which covers one surface of a layer of flexible dielectric material, said sheet extending back upon itself so that opposite edge regions overlap for approximately one-quarter wavelength with the metal foil layer facing the interior of said tube, said overlapped regions of said laminated sheet being secured together, and extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide and approximately perpendicular to the Hy vector of the wave to be transmitted through said waveguide, said dielectric material containing means for damping transmitted electromagnetic waves at least in the area between said overlapped regions; and
b. a flexible dielectric coating covering the exterior of said tube and secured thereto.
2. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein the inner cross section of said tube is approximately elliptical.
3. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said inner cross section is rectangular with rounded comers.
4. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein the outer cross section of said flexible dielectric coating is of circular cross section.
5. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said overlapped regions are secured together and said flexible dielectric coating is secured to said tube by respective welded joints.
material is polyethylene.
9. The combination defined in claim 7 wherein said plastic material is polyisobutylene.
10. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said dielectric coating is of polyvinyl chloride.
11. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein: said inner cross section of said tube is elliptical and the outer cross section of said flexible dielectric coating is circular; said overlapped regions are secured together and said flexible dielectric material is secured to the exterior of said tube by respective welded joints; said metal foil is aluminum; said dielectric material is a polyethylene mixed with carbon; and said flexible dielectric coating is of polyvinyl chloride.
I t i

Claims (10)

  1. 2. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein the inner cross section of said tube is approximately elliptical.
  2. 3. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said inner cross section is rectangular with rounded corners.
  3. 4. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein the outer cross section of said flexible dielectric coating is of circular cross section.
  4. 5. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said overlapped regions are secured together and said flexible dielectric coating is secured to said tube by respective welded joints.
  5. 6. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said tube further comprises a glue joint securing said overlapped regions together and a glue joint securing said flexible dielectric coating to the exterior of said tube.
  6. 7. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said dielectric material in said laminated sheet is a plastic mixed with carbon.
  7. 8. The combination defined in claim 7 wherein said plastic material is polyethylene.
  8. 9. The combination defined in claim 7 wherein said plastic material is polyisobutylene.
  9. 10. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said dielectric coating is of polyvinyl chloride.
  10. 11. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein: said inner cross section of said tube is elliptical and the outer cross section of said flexible dielectric coating is circular; said overlapped regions are secured together and said flexible dielectric material is secured to the exterior of said tube by respective welded joints; said metal foil is aluminum; said dielectric material is a polyethylene mixed with carbon; and said flexible dielectric coating is of polyvinyl chloride.
US871870A 1968-11-08 1969-10-28 Plastic covered flexible waveguide formed from a metal coated dielectric layer Expired - Lifetime US3648201A (en)

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DE19681807718 DE1807718A1 (en) 1968-11-08 1968-11-08 Microwave waveguide

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990002426A1 (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-03-08 James Walker & Company Limited Improvements in electromagnetic screening
US5363464A (en) * 1993-06-28 1994-11-08 Tangible Domain Inc. Dielectric/conductive waveguide
EP0817307A2 (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-01-07 Andrew A.G. Microwave antenna feed structure
US20070171007A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Alcatel Lucent Radio frequency waveguide comprising an electric conductor made of a plastic foil layer laminated with a electric conductive material layer
US20070189685A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Optical fiber and method of forming electrodes of plasma display panel
US20100061690A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-11 Microelectronics Technology Inc. Waterproof communication apparatus
US20100109820A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-06 Microelectronics Technology Inc. Waterproof communication apparatus
US20170016170A1 (en) * 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Mark E. Goodson Clothes dryer with dielectric flanged exhaust duct
KR101859990B1 (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-05-21 길동만 Porous dielectric waveguide and method of preparing the same
US20210400856A1 (en) * 2020-06-23 2021-12-23 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly cables
US11842826B2 (en) 2020-06-23 2023-12-12 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly connector support structures
US11887944B2 (en) 2020-06-23 2024-01-30 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly connectors

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2479288A (en) * 1944-03-08 1949-08-16 Allen William Douglas Flexible electromagnetic wave guide
GB632657A (en) * 1946-08-30 1949-11-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to flexible sheathed electric cables and their manufacture
US2518892A (en) * 1944-11-17 1950-08-15 British Insulated Callenders Wave guide for high-frequency electric currents
US3011933A (en) * 1957-02-12 1961-12-05 Foil Process Corp Foil-covered elongated member
GB984482A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-02-24 Lucas Industries Ltd Method of manufacturing waveguides
US3299374A (en) * 1964-04-04 1967-01-17 Telefunken Patent Asymmetrical waveguide
US3340353A (en) * 1966-01-28 1967-09-05 Dow Chemical Co Double-shielded electric cable
US3444487A (en) * 1965-10-01 1969-05-13 Telefunken Patent Waveguide having corrugated exterior and smooth metal coated interior
US3459877A (en) * 1965-01-18 1969-08-05 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Electric cable

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2479288A (en) * 1944-03-08 1949-08-16 Allen William Douglas Flexible electromagnetic wave guide
US2518892A (en) * 1944-11-17 1950-08-15 British Insulated Callenders Wave guide for high-frequency electric currents
GB632657A (en) * 1946-08-30 1949-11-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to flexible sheathed electric cables and their manufacture
US3011933A (en) * 1957-02-12 1961-12-05 Foil Process Corp Foil-covered elongated member
GB984482A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-02-24 Lucas Industries Ltd Method of manufacturing waveguides
US3299374A (en) * 1964-04-04 1967-01-17 Telefunken Patent Asymmetrical waveguide
US3459877A (en) * 1965-01-18 1969-08-05 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Electric cable
US3444487A (en) * 1965-10-01 1969-05-13 Telefunken Patent Waveguide having corrugated exterior and smooth metal coated interior
US3340353A (en) * 1966-01-28 1967-09-05 Dow Chemical Co Double-shielded electric cable

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990002426A1 (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-03-08 James Walker & Company Limited Improvements in electromagnetic screening
US5363464A (en) * 1993-06-28 1994-11-08 Tangible Domain Inc. Dielectric/conductive waveguide
EP0817307A2 (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-01-07 Andrew A.G. Microwave antenna feed structure
EP0817307A3 (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-10-21 Andrew A.G. Microwave antenna feed structure
US20070171007A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Alcatel Lucent Radio frequency waveguide comprising an electric conductor made of a plastic foil layer laminated with a electric conductive material layer
US7683744B2 (en) * 2006-01-20 2010-03-23 Alcatel Lucent Radio frequency waveguide comprising an electric conductor made of a plastic foil layer laminated with a electric conductive material layer
CN101005150B (en) * 2006-01-20 2011-08-03 阿尔卡特朗讯 Radio frequency waveguide
US20070189685A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Optical fiber and method of forming electrodes of plasma display panel
US8058955B2 (en) * 2008-09-11 2011-11-15 Microelectronics Technology, Inc. Waterproof waveguide assembly having a core assembly with a seam enclosed by a metallic enclosure
US20100061690A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-11 Microelectronics Technology Inc. Waterproof communication apparatus
US20100109820A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-06 Microelectronics Technology Inc. Waterproof communication apparatus
US8188815B2 (en) * 2008-11-04 2012-05-29 Microelectronics Technology, Inc. Waterproof waveguide assembly having a core part with a seam formed by engaging parts and the core part enclosed by a separate external housing
US20170016170A1 (en) * 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Mark E. Goodson Clothes dryer with dielectric flanged exhaust duct
US9909251B2 (en) * 2015-07-13 2018-03-06 Mark E Goodson Clothes dryer with dielectric flanged exhaust duct
KR101859990B1 (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-05-21 길동만 Porous dielectric waveguide and method of preparing the same
US20210400856A1 (en) * 2020-06-23 2021-12-23 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly cables
US11842826B2 (en) 2020-06-23 2023-12-12 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly connector support structures
US11887944B2 (en) 2020-06-23 2024-01-30 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly connectors
US11895815B2 (en) * 2020-06-23 2024-02-06 Intel Corporation Additive manufacturing for integrated circuit assembly cables

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DE1807718A1 (en) 1970-05-21
FR2022917A1 (en) 1970-08-07

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