US3639207A - Method for drying nonwoven fabric - Google Patents
Method for drying nonwoven fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3639207A US3639207A US841076A US3639207DA US3639207A US 3639207 A US3639207 A US 3639207A US 841076 A US841076 A US 841076A US 3639207D A US3639207D A US 3639207DA US 3639207 A US3639207 A US 3639207A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- web
- fibrous
- fibrous material
- fibers
- infrared radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F5/001—Drying webs by radiant heating
- D21F5/002—Drying webs by radiant heating from infrared-emitting elements
Definitions
- Paper and nonwoven fabric of synthetic fibers or in which the fibers include synthetic fibers, produced on a papermaking type of machine, are formed from a water slurry.
- the fibers are deposited on a wire, screen, or belt and the water is withdrawn, usually by vacuum, leaving a mat or web of felted fibers on the wire, screen, or belt.
- Such mat or web of felted fibers is wet and, until dried, has a very low-tensile strength. Because of the low-tensile strength, attempts to dry such mats or webs over drying rolls result in tearing or adhesion of the web. Attempts to dry the web, while suspended, by running the web through a drying duct have, likewise, proved impractical because of low-tensile strength.
- the tensile strength of paper and nonwoven fabric of heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers or which include heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers is increased by applying infrared radiation to the wet web or felt as it is discharged from the wet end of the papermaking type of machine.
- the wet web or felt is discharged from the wet end of the machine onto a belt and, while on the belt, is passed through an infrared radiation zone.
- Moisture is removed from the wet web or felt in the infrared radiation zone and, at the same time, the web or felt shrinks, compacting the fibers and further increasing the tensile strength of the web or felt. Because, at the time of such shrinkage, the fibrous material is not yet fully coherent, there is less resistance to such shrinking. Thus, the web or felt is more uniform and becomes a homogeneous material.
- the infrared radiation zone of the instant invention heats the fibers directly and not the ambient medium as is the case in conventional dryers.
- the infrared radiation shrinking process of the instant invention is a dry process, the fibers heated by the radiation, heat and transfer their heat to the ambient medium.
- the ambient medium which is water, is being driven off. This is in sharp contrast to conventional shrinking processes where hot water or steam is directed to the web and which, after shrinking, must be removed or driven off by drying.
- the process and apparatus of the instant invention are particularly suited to the drying and shrinkage of webs or felts including heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers and at least some fibers which have a low melting point.
- the apparatus of the instant invention includes endless wire belt 2, preferably of coarse mesh wire screen, passing around rollers 4, 6, roller 4 being driven by motor 8 through variable speed drive 10 and belt 12.
- Hood 14, having air inlet 16 and air outlet 18 is suspended from supports, not shown, above belt 2, the bottom of hood 14 being open over belt 2.
- Infrared lamps 20 are mounted in hood 14, the number of lamps depending upon the length of hood l4 and the width of belt 2, it being important, of course, that sufficient lamps be provided for the desired infrared radiation across the width of belt 2.
- Hood 22, having air inlet 24 and air outlet 26 is mounted on supports, not shown, below the upper run of belt 2, belt 2 running from left to right in the direction of the arrow on the drawing.
- Infrared lamps 28 are mounted in hood 22 and radiate upwardly through open mesh screen belt 2.
- Endless conveyor belt 30 passing around rollers 32, 34 is mounted at the discharge end of belt 2, roller 32 driven by motor 34 through variable speed drive 36 and belt 38 drives conveyor belt 30.
- web 4-0 is discharged from the wet end of a papermaking type of machine, not shown, to the left-hand end of belt 2 as shown in the drawing.
- the wet fiber web discharged from the wet end onto the left-hand end of belt 2 is transported on belt 2 between hoods 14, 22 and between infrared radiation lamps 20, 28.
- Dry and, preferably, heated air is forced into air inlets 16, 24, and is discharged through air outlets 18, 26 in hoods 14, 22, respectively.
- the velocity of the air fed into the hoods through air inlets 16, 24 is sufficient to remove, from the surfaces of belt 40, any steam forced out of web 40 by the shrinking and heating of the web in the infrared radiation zone by infrared bulbs 20, 28.
- the fibers in web 40 are shrunk in the infrared radiation zone.
- the speed of belt 2 and conveyor 30 are regulated, through variable speed drive 10, 36, respectively, to the speed at which the web is delivered from the wet end of the papermaking type of machine to the left-hand end of belt 2 and to accommodate such shrinkage.
- belt 2 is driven at a slower speed than the speed at which web 40 is delivered thereto. Such difference in speed is taken up in fiber shrinkage.
- the method and apparatus of the instant invention may be adapted to a wide variety of nonwoven fibers particularly a wide variety of fiber contents of such fabrics.
- content of low-melting temperature synthetic fibers and heatshrinkable synthetic fibers in web 40 is increased, or decreased, changes in the speed of belt. 2 and conveyor 30 and in the requirements for infrared radiation in hoods 14, 22 will likewise change.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
A nonwoven web, formed on a continuous screen papermaking machine and including heat shrinkable fibers, is delivered onto an endless coarse wire screen and exposed to infrared radiation to heat the fibers and dry the web. Water vapors evolved in the drying process are swept from both surfaces of the web by forced streams of dry air.
Description
I United States Patent 1151 Genz et al. 51 Feb. 1, 1972 [54] METHOD FOR DRYING NONWOVEN [56] References Cited FABRIC UNITED STATES PATENTS [72] Inventors: Heinz Genz, Willich; Dieter Berger; Dieter maiden" Horst Scans", a" of Lahnsein, 1,315,924 9/1919 Fuller ..l62/290 X a of Germany 1,907,046 4/1929 Darrah...
2,666,369 l/1954 N1ks.... [73] Assignee: Feldmuhle Aktiengesellschflft, Duss ld rf, 2,871,770 2/1959 Jackson ..l62/290 X Oberkassel, Germany FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS [22] F1led: July 11, 1969 1,062,538 7/1959 Germany ..162/l92 [21] App]. No.: 841,076
Primary Examiner-S. Leon Bashore 1 Assistant ExaminerThomas G. Scavone [30] Foreign Applicafion Priority Dam Attorney-Charles B. Smith and John A. Howson July 15, 1968 Germany ..P 17 61 850.7 7 ABSTRACT 52 us. c1 .162/l46, 34/18, 162/157, A nonwoven web, formed on a wminuw screen P p 162/192, 162/207 ing machine and including heat shrinkable fibers, is delivered [51] Int. Cl ..D2lf 5/00,D21h 5/12 onto an endless coarse wife Screen and "P to infrared [58] Field of Search ..l62/192,207,290,146,157; radiation to heat the fibers and y the Water vapors 34/18 evolved in the drying process are swept from both surfaces of the web by forced streams of dry air.
3 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure ele m I I METHOD FOR DRYING NONWOVEN FABRIC This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of fibrous material and, more particularly, to a process and apparatus for drying nonwoven fabric having particularly long fibers and produced on a paperrnaking type of machine where the nonwoven fabric, as it is being produced and is wet, has a low-initial tensile strength.
Paper and nonwoven fabric of synthetic fibers or in which the fibers include synthetic fibers, produced on a papermaking type of machine, are formed from a water slurry. The fibers are deposited on a wire, screen, or belt and the water is withdrawn, usually by vacuum, leaving a mat or web of felted fibers on the wire, screen, or belt. Such mat or web of felted fibers is wet and, until dried, has a very low-tensile strength. Because of the low-tensile strength, attempts to dry such mats or webs over drying rolls result in tearing or adhesion of the web. Attempts to dry the web, while suspended, by running the web through a drying duct have, likewise, proved impractical because of low-tensile strength.
In the process and apparatus of the instant invention, the tensile strength of paper and nonwoven fabric of heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers or which include heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers is increased by applying infrared radiation to the wet web or felt as it is discharged from the wet end of the papermaking type of machine. The wet web or felt is discharged from the wet end of the machine onto a belt and, while on the belt, is passed through an infrared radiation zone. Moisture is removed from the wet web or felt in the infrared radiation zone and, at the same time, the web or felt shrinks, compacting the fibers and further increasing the tensile strength of the web or felt. Because, at the time of such shrinkage, the fibrous material is not yet fully coherent, there is less resistance to such shrinking. Thus, the web or felt is more uniform and becomes a homogeneous material.
The infrared radiation zone of the instant invention heats the fibers directly and not the ambient medium as is the case in conventional dryers. The infrared radiation shrinking process of the instant invention is a dry process, the fibers heated by the radiation, heat and transfer their heat to the ambient medium. Thus, while the fibers are exposed to the radiation, and are shrinking, the ambient medium, which is water, is being driven off. This is in sharp contrast to conventional shrinking processes where hot water or steam is directed to the web and which, after shrinking, must be removed or driven off by drying.
The process and apparatus of the instant invention are particularly suited to the drying and shrinkage of webs or felts including heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers and at least some fibers which have a low melting point. The addition of lowmelting fibers to the web or felt, where such web or felt is dried and shrunk in the instant process with the accompanying apparatus, results in early compacting of the fibers which contributes to increase of web or felt strength for additional processing.
Referring to the drawing, the apparatus of the instant invention includes endless wire belt 2, preferably of coarse mesh wire screen, passing around rollers 4, 6, roller 4 being driven by motor 8 through variable speed drive 10 and belt 12. Hood 14, having air inlet 16 and air outlet 18 is suspended from supports, not shown, above belt 2, the bottom of hood 14 being open over belt 2. Infrared lamps 20 are mounted in hood 14, the number of lamps depending upon the length of hood l4 and the width of belt 2, it being important, of course, that sufficient lamps be provided for the desired infrared radiation across the width of belt 2. Hood 22, having air inlet 24 and air outlet 26 is mounted on supports, not shown, below the upper run of belt 2, belt 2 running from left to right in the direction of the arrow on the drawing. Infrared lamps 28 are mounted in hood 22 and radiate upwardly through open mesh screen belt 2. Endless conveyor belt 30 passing around rollers 32, 34 is mounted at the discharge end of belt 2, roller 32 driven by motor 34 through variable speed drive 36 and belt 38 drives conveyor belt 30.
In operation of the apparatus web 4-0 is discharged from the wet end of a papermaking type of machine, not shown, to the left-hand end of belt 2 as shown in the drawing. The wet fiber web discharged from the wet end onto the left-hand end of belt 2 is transported on belt 2 between hoods 14, 22 and between infrared radiation lamps 20, 28. Dry and, preferably, heated air is forced into air inlets 16, 24, and is discharged through air outlets 18, 26 in hoods 14, 22, respectively. The velocity of the air fed into the hoods through air inlets 16, 24 is sufficient to remove, from the surfaces of belt 40, any steam forced out of web 40 by the shrinking and heating of the web in the infrared radiation zone by infrared bulbs 20, 28. It is important that the discharged steam be blown or swept off of the surfaces of web 40 because such steam acts as an insulator to the infrared radiation and reduces the shrinking of the fibers and drying of the web by infrared lamps 20, 28. From the infrared radiation zone on belt 2 in hoods 14, 22, web 40 is discharged onto conveyor 30 and, from conveyor 30, web 40 may be fed into conventional papermaking drying apparatus.
As has been noted hereinabove, the fibers in web 40 are shrunk in the infrared radiation zone. In order to accommodate such shrinkage, the speed of belt 2 and conveyor 30 are regulated, through variable speed drive 10, 36, respectively, to the speed at which the web is delivered from the wet end of the papermaking type of machine to the left-hand end of belt 2 and to accommodate such shrinkage. In other words, to accommodate the shrinkage in web 40, belt 2 is driven at a slower speed than the speed at which web 40 is delivered thereto. Such difference in speed is taken up in fiber shrinkage.
The method and apparatus of the instant invention may be adapted to a wide variety of nonwoven fibers particularly a wide variety of fiber contents of such fabrics. Obviously, as the content of low-melting temperature synthetic fibers and heatshrinkable synthetic fibers in web 40 is increased, or decreased, changes in the speed of belt. 2 and conveyor 30 and in the requirements for infrared radiation in hoods 14, 22 will likewise change.
The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible.
We claim:
1. A process for drying a nonwoven fibrous web of the type formed by a papermaking device wherein an aqueous dispersion of fibrous material or stock including heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers is discharged through a head-box across a continuous screen, said wet fibrous material being substantially evenly distributed thereacross, comprising:
a. delivering a formed wet web of said fibrous material onto a course mesh traveling wire screen, said wet web of fibrous material being delivered at a rate of speed which is faster than the rate of speed of said traveling wire screen;
b. advancing said coarse mesh traveling wire screen on which said wet web of fibrous material is being carried through an infrared radiation zone;
c. subjecting each fibrous web surface to infrared radiation until moisture is substantially removed from said fibrous web and shrinking is induced in said heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers; and
d. simultaneously sweeping each fibrous web surface with dry air to evacuate residual water vapor formed over said fibrous web surfaces during irradiation thereof.
2. A process for drying a nonwoven fibrous web of the type formed by a paperrnaking device wherein an aqueous dispersion of fibrous material or stock including heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers and low-melting point synthetic fibers is discharged through a head-box across: a continuous screen, said wet fibrous material being substantially evenly distributed thereacross, comprising:
delivering a formed wet web of said fibrous material onto a coarse mesh traveling wire screen, said wet web of fibrous material being delivered at a rate of speed which is faster than the rate of speed of said traveling wire screen;
b. advancing said coarse mesh traveling wire screen on which said wet web of fibrous material is being carried through an infrared radiation zone;
c. subjecting each fibrous web surface to infrared radiation until moisture is substantially removed from said fibrous web and shrinking is induced in said heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers; and
Claims (2)
- 2. A process for drying a nonwoven fibrous web of the type formed by a papermaking device wherein an aqueous dispersion of fibrous material or stock including heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers and low-melting point synthetic fibers is discharged through a head-box across a continuous screen, said wet fibrous material being substantially evenly distributed thereacross, comprising: a. delivering a formed wet web of said fibrous material onto a coarse mesh traveling wire screen, said wet web of fibrous material being delivered at a rate of speed which is faster than the rate of speed of said traveling wire screen; b. advancing said coarse mesh traveling wire screen on which said wet web of fibrous material is being carried through an infrared radiation zone; c. subjecting each fibrous web surface to infrared radiation until moisture is substantially removed from said fibrous web and shrinking is induced in said heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers; and d. simultaneously sweeping each fibrous web surface with dry air, in the machine direction of said coarse mesh traveling wire screen, to evacuate residual water vapor formed over said fibrous web surfaces during irradiation thereof.
- 3. The process of claim 2 including the additional step of varying the speed of said coarse mesh traveling wire screen through said infrared radiation zone to accommodate natural shrinkage of web fibers and heat-induced shrinkage attributable to said heat-shrinkable synthetic fibers.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681761850 DE1761850A1 (en) | 1968-07-15 | 1968-07-15 | Process for the production of fibrous structures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3639207A true US3639207A (en) | 1972-02-01 |
Family
ID=5696742
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US841076A Expired - Lifetime US3639207A (en) | 1968-07-15 | 1969-07-11 | Method for drying nonwoven fabric |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3639207A (en) |
AT (1) | AT299679B (en) |
DE (1) | DE1761850A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2012987A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1281351A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3972127A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-08-03 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process and apparatus for heat treatment of synthetic fiber assemblies |
US3973328A (en) * | 1972-05-26 | 1976-08-10 | Ilford Limited | Paper material dryer |
DE2936137A1 (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-03-27 | Proctor & Schwartz Inc | ZONED HEAT TREATMENT PLANT |
WO1988009845A1 (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1988-12-15 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Method in the drying of a paper web or equivalent |
WO1989004890A1 (en) * | 1987-11-26 | 1989-06-01 | Valmet Oy | Method and device in on-machine coating-drying of a paper web or equivalent |
AT395873B (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1993-03-25 | Itronic Process Ab | HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY PRODUCTS |
US5404654A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-04-11 | International Paper Company | Chambered nip drying of paperboard webs |
EP0771904A2 (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-07 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Infrared paper drying machine and method for drying a paper web in an infrared paper drying machine |
EP1225045A2 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-24 | NexPress Solutions LLC | Conditioning device for changing the moisture content of documents |
WO2004042141A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-21 | Rangel Paulo Gerais De Camargo | Modular infrared irradiation apparatus and its corresponding monitoring devices |
US20060243408A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of transferring a wet tissue web to a three-dimensional fabric |
US7550051B2 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2009-06-23 | Continuous Coating Corporation | Method of making pre-shrunk drywall trim device |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106400573B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2019-03-05 | 芜湖航达网业有限公司 | A kind of drying supporting network being suitable for different size paper |
CN106567273B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2019-03-05 | 芜湖航达网业有限公司 | Supporting network is used in the papermaking drying that a kind of surface is equipped with miniature heating device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1315924A (en) * | 1919-09-09 | Production of heavy paper | ||
US1907046A (en) * | 1929-04-05 | 1933-05-02 | William A Darrah | Process of making boards and apparatus therefor |
US2666369A (en) * | 1952-05-29 | 1954-01-19 | Nicholas J Niks | Method of making soft papers adaptable to impregnation |
US2871770A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1959-02-03 | Jesse A Jackson | Paper making machine |
DE1062538B (en) * | 1953-12-30 | 1959-07-30 | Waldhof Zellstoff Fab | Process for the production of paper with high elongation on paper machines |
-
1968
- 1968-07-15 DE DE19681761850 patent/DE1761850A1/en active Pending
-
1969
- 1969-07-02 AT AT636169A patent/AT299679B/en active
- 1969-07-11 US US841076A patent/US3639207A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-07-11 FR FR6923878A patent/FR2012987A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-07-15 GB GB35576/69A patent/GB1281351A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1315924A (en) * | 1919-09-09 | Production of heavy paper | ||
US1907046A (en) * | 1929-04-05 | 1933-05-02 | William A Darrah | Process of making boards and apparatus therefor |
US2666369A (en) * | 1952-05-29 | 1954-01-19 | Nicholas J Niks | Method of making soft papers adaptable to impregnation |
DE1062538B (en) * | 1953-12-30 | 1959-07-30 | Waldhof Zellstoff Fab | Process for the production of paper with high elongation on paper machines |
US2871770A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1959-02-03 | Jesse A Jackson | Paper making machine |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3973328A (en) * | 1972-05-26 | 1976-08-10 | Ilford Limited | Paper material dryer |
US3972127A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-08-03 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process and apparatus for heat treatment of synthetic fiber assemblies |
DE2936137A1 (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-03-27 | Proctor & Schwartz Inc | ZONED HEAT TREATMENT PLANT |
AT395873B (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1993-03-25 | Itronic Process Ab | HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY PRODUCTS |
WO1988009845A1 (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1988-12-15 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Method in the drying of a paper web or equivalent |
WO1989004890A1 (en) * | 1987-11-26 | 1989-06-01 | Valmet Oy | Method and device in on-machine coating-drying of a paper web or equivalent |
US5404654A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-04-11 | International Paper Company | Chambered nip drying of paperboard webs |
EP0771904A2 (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-07 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Infrared paper drying machine and method for drying a paper web in an infrared paper drying machine |
US5666744A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-09-16 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Infrared paper drying machine and method for drying a paper web in an infrared paper drying machine |
EP1225045A2 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-24 | NexPress Solutions LLC | Conditioning device for changing the moisture content of documents |
EP1225045A3 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2004-04-14 | NexPress Solutions LLC | Conditioning device for changing the moisture content of documents |
US7550051B2 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2009-06-23 | Continuous Coating Corporation | Method of making pre-shrunk drywall trim device |
WO2004042141A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-21 | Rangel Paulo Gerais De Camargo | Modular infrared irradiation apparatus and its corresponding monitoring devices |
US20060243408A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of transferring a wet tissue web to a three-dimensional fabric |
US7468117B2 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-12-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of transferring a wet tissue web to a three-dimensional fabric |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1761850A1 (en) | 1971-10-21 |
FR2012987A1 (en) | 1970-03-27 |
GB1281351A (en) | 1972-07-12 |
AT299679B (en) | 1972-06-26 |
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