US3601208A

US3601208A - Setting tool

Info

Publication number: US3601208A
Application number: US828252A
Authority: US
Inventors: James K Greer; Marvin G Kemp
Original assignee: Davis Kemp Tool Co Inc
Current assignee: Davis Kemp Tool Co Inc
Priority date: 1969-05-27
Filing date: 1969-05-27
Publication date: 1971-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 1988-08-24

Abstract

For use in placing a sand filter and liner in a well obstructed with sand, a setting tool adapted to support a liner and screen as the tool is run into the well bore, there being a fluid path through the tool and out a sand bit at the bottom for advancing through the sand on rotation in a particular direction, the sand being removed by rotation of the sand bit and the jetting action of the fluid flow to position the sand screen and liner at a desired elevation in the well bore, the apparatus further including a seal means adapted to be shaped by expansion to join the liner to the cased well bore on repeated reciprocation or pounding, the tubing string pulling free and retrieving the setting tool while leaving the liner and sand screen.

Description

ited States Patent XX 44 ll 33 55 77 11 830 & 2978 y W 3928 am 8245 m nn 223 PA a M m m o a C ;P l mm 91% cs. mum G i K 7 K amszu m ..b m n w JMQMAD m 0. de m N w m d v wmma .m AFPA P D31 3 U DUNN [54] SETTING TOOL ABSTRACT: For use in placing a sand filter and liner in a well obstructed with sand, a setting tool adapted to support a liner 8 Claims,6 Drawing Figs. I

and screen as the tool is run into the well bore, there being a fluid path through the tool and out a sand bit at the bottom for 166/205 advancing through the sand on rotation in a particular [51] Int. Ezlb 43/10 di tion the and being removed by rotation of the sand bit [50] 175/314, d th j tti a tio f the fluid flow to position the sand screen and liner at a desired elevation in the well bore, the ap shaped on reparatus further including a seal means adapted to be by expansion to join the liner to the cased well bore peated reciprocation or pounding, the tubing string pulling free and retrieving the setting tool while leaving the liner and Smm mT Wm m m ..T0

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PATENTED M824 l9?! SHEET 1 [IF 2 INVE N T6 R23 James K. Greer 8 Marv/n G. Kem

FIG. I

AT TORNE Y PATENTEUAUGMIHYI 3,601,208

SHEET 2 or 2 FIG. 6

FIGS

James K. Greer 8 Marvin 6. Kemp /N VE N TORS BY Mm ATTORNEY; I

SETTING TOOL SUMMARY OF PROBLEM AND SOLUTION Occasionally an oil well is drilled into a producing sand and on evacuation of the drill bit and drill pipe, the formation collapses and washes sand into the well bore. Quite often, the sand will fill the lower portions of the well bore sufficiently to impede or totally inhibit flowing production.

In such a case, it is necessary to set a sand screen in the well bore to exclude the sand while being sufiiciently porous to admit the flowing production. The oil circulates through the sand and into the well bore for recovery from the well in a conventional manner.

Of necessity, a sand screen is not a load-bearing structure, and hence, some difficulties are encountered in setting a sand screen in a well bore. It is sufficient to note for purposes of the present invention that while many devices and methods have been proposed heretofore for setting a sand screen, they have been deficient in several regards.

It is with the problems of the prior art in view that the present invention is summarized as providing a setting tool adapted to be run into a cased well bore having a sand accumulation therein. The tool of the present invention is adapted to be placed on a tubing string and run into the well bore. The lower end of the tool incorporates a sand bit which is adapted to penetrate through the accumulation of sand as the tool is lowered and rotated in one direction. The tubing string provides a path of fluid communication through the tool and through the sand screen, before setting, to the sand bit to wash away the sand to aid the tool in penetration into the sand. By continued rotation, lowering of the tool and washing, the sand screen is placed at the proper location in the well bore. Thereafter, circulation may be terminated and the sand screen is then set in position. The sand screen is preferably joined to a liner which extends from the lower end of the casing in the well bore to the point where the sand screen is desired. A malleable alloy, such as lead or any suitable soft compound, is hammered and shaped to join the liner to the casing, the tool incorporating a hammer and anvil arrangement for shaping the alloy to seal the liner to the casing and prevent leakage in the well bore. The tool is reciprocated to pound and shape the seal. The tool is then retrieved by unthreading its connection with the liner and a shearpin separates the lower end of the tool from the screen The tool is then retrieved and the liner and screen are left in position.

Many objects and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from a consideration of the included drawings and specification wherein:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view through the upper portions of the tool of the present invention with the liner installed thereon;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the lower portions of the tool of the present invention with the sand screen installed thereon;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1 illustrating the clutch connection between the tool and liner portions;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 1 illustrating additional details of the malleable seal means securing the liner to the casing;

FIG. 5 shows the completed installation after removal of the tool and the joinder of the liner to the casing; and,

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the lower portions illustrating the installed sand screen in the well bore.

In the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates a cased portion of the well bore which extends downward to a sandy portion indicated by the numeral 11. Typically, the sand is found at a level coextensive with a producing formation whereby both flowing or perculating oil and sand enter the well bore. The numeral 12 indicates a tubing string communicated with the surface which manipulates the tool of the present invention, being indicated by the numeral 15. The sleeve setting tool of the present invention is of indefinite length and is adapted to carry a sleeve 16 and a selected sand screen indicated by the numeral 17. The length of the liner l6 and the sand screen 17 is dependent on the needs of the particular well being screened, it being appreciated that the producingformation may vary in thickness. Broadly, the tubing string 12 is run into the well bore 10 with the tool 15 threaded thereto, and on encountering the sand in the well bore, the tool is rotated and a suitable fluid is pumped through the tubing string and the tool to wash the sand away to permit positioning of the liner l6 and sand screen 17 at the desired location. Thereafter, the tool is operated to anchor the sleeve 16 in position and the tool is then retrieved, leaving the sleeve 16 anchored in position and the screen is connected therebelow. This, then, permits the well to produce in the desired manner, and as a consequence, the production is attained without danger of sanding the well bore.

Considering the present invention more in detail, attention is directed to FIGS. 1 and 2 jointly for a description of the assembled tool. It will be appreciated that the setting tool 15 is subject to variation in length and diameter inasmuch as the conditions may vary. A conventional box 19 is adapted to be connected to the tubing string in a conventional manner.

It provides fluidtight axial communication for the drilling fluids as will be described. The box 19 is preferably integrally formed with a seating sleeve 20 which is threadedly joined to a tubular body member or mandrel 21. The seating sleeve and the mandrel 21 cooperate to extend the fluid-communication path through the tool for the full length of the tool to the lower portions as will be described hereinafter. It will be noted that the setting sleeve increases in diameter to substantially fill the well bore 10, but nevertheless, sufficient annular clearance permits the drilling fluids to pass through the tool and return to the well bore on the exterior of the drilling tool 15. The clearance need only be modest inasmuch as the quantity of wash fluid required to remove the sand from the well bore is typically not great.

The setting sleeve 20 includes a downwardly extending cylindrical portion 22 which terminates in a hardened lip 23 which will be described as a hammer hereafter. The hammer 23 is hardened encircling lip extending fully about the tool 15 and is preferably shaped in the illustrated manner to flare or expand the seal as will be described hereinafter.

The numeral 24 indicates a malleable lead seal 24 which is expanded, flared, or enlarged by operation of the hammer 23.

Preferably, the tubing string incorporates a bumper jar above the tool 15 'to provide thenecessary reciprocating motion to set the liner 16 in position. The lead seal 24 is pounded to the desired shape as will be described hereinafter by reciprocation of the hammer 23 which pounds against the seal 24.

The setting sleeve 20 further incorporates an internal shoulder 25 for supporting a coil spring 26 which encircles the tubular mandrel 21. The coil spring 26 bears against a clutch 27 which, in conjunction with a threaded nut 28, provides the necessary connection while yet transferring the reciprocating motion of the tool in the manner to be described hereinafter.

The nut 28 is threaded on its exterior and engaged with a set of threads formed on the inner surface of a tubular extension on the liner 16. An anvil 29 is likewise joined to the liner l6. Briefly, the anvil functions in conjunction with the hammer 23 to shape the malleable lead sea] as will be described in detail. The liner 16 is provided with the threaded cylindrical extension 30 to provide a means of engaging the liner with the stationary portions of the tool, those portions of the tool which do not reciprocate in setting the tool. Thus, the liner 16 is threadedly engaged with a nut 28 which is slidably positioned about the mandrel 21 for reciprocation.

The

numerals

31 and 32 indicate a pair of keys on opposite sides of the mandrel 21, the keys preferably being partially recessed in slots and extending sufficiently therefrom to limit rotation of the clutch 27 and the nut 28. The extension 30 on the sleeve 16 provides a suitable mounting surface for the lead seal 24. The seal is preferably snugly joined to the extension 30 and preferably rests on the anvil 29. The anvil 29 has a hardened upper surface which is somewhat pointed for ease of flaring of the lead seal.

In the use of the present invention, it is necessary to reciprocate the tubing string 12 through the use of bumper jars or other suitable apparatus to provide the necessary impact of the hammer 23 to expand the seal 24. The hammer 23 in conjunction with the anvil 29 expands the seal to anchor the liner 16 in the well bore. The hammering motion lifts the hammer 23 above the lead seal to permit it to strike and restrike the seal. The seal expands on the pointed edge or lip of the anvil and joins the anvil and consequently the liner 16 to the cased well bore 10. The pounding and reciprocating motion is preferably isolated or limited to certain portions of the tool, it being appreciated that the liner l6 and certain apparatus associated therewith remains stationary during the setting of the tool.

This is achieved in the following manner. The tool is reciprocated whereby the setting sleeve 20 and connected mandrel 21 reciprocate upwardly and downwardly. The mandrel 21 is not joined to either the clutch 27 or the nut 28, but has only a sliding connection therewith. This, then, lifts the hammer 23 above the seal while the liner l6, anvil 29, clutch 27, and nut 28 do not move. When the hammer 23 strikes the seal, the seal is slightly expanded and more particularly, is driven on the pointed upper lip encircling the anvil 29, This expands the seal and joins the seal to the casing in the well bore.

With a view of conveying the reciprocating motion to the upper portions of the tool while holding the lower portions stationary, the mandrel 21 is only keyed but not fixedly joined to the clutch 27 and nut 28. However, it is necessary to impart rotation to the tool and for these reasons, the clutch 27 and locknut 28 provide a means whereby rotation is transferred from the tool to the liner 16 to be set in a well bore, while at the same time the tool provides a means for unthreading the tool from the liner when it is finally set.

Attention is directed to FIGS. 3 and 4 jointly, which are sectional views through the apparatus. The sectional view of FIG. 3 shows the clutch 27 which is keyed to the mandrel 21 as including a pair of protruding dogs which are adapted to fall into a pair of matched machined notches in the upper lip or end of the tubular extension 30 joined to the liner 16. The upper end of the internally threaded tubular member 30 is preferably formed with a pair of machined recesses or notches which match the shape and contour of the dogs on the clutch 27. The clutch as shown in FIG. 3 is arcuately shaped on its outer periphery to permit its rotation just inside the hammer 23. In FIG. 4, the nut 28 is shown threadedly engaged with the tubular member 3%). The nut 28 includes additional keyways which come into play on retrieval of the tool 15 after the liner 16 is set.

Returning to FIG. 1, the coil spring 26 bears on the clutch 27 to force it down into the shaped or contoured notches formed in the tubular member 30. Thus, when the tubing string 12 is rotated, the setting sleeve 20 and the threaded mandrel 21 rotate with the tubing string. The clutch 27 and the nut 28 rotate with the tubing string inasmuch as they are keyed to the mandrel 21. This transfers the rotation to the liner l6 and the remainder of the tool therebelow as will be described. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nut 28 is preferrably provided with a left-hand set of threads whereby rotation in one direction can only tighten the threaded connection of the nut 28 and the tubular member 30. Rotation in the opposite direction unthreads the nut 28 from the liner l6 and this arrangement will be utilized in retrieving the tool 15 after the liner has finally been set.

Reviewing the operation of the tool to this juncture, it will be noted that an arrangement has been described whereby the tool 15 may be run into the well bore but reciprocating motion is limited only to the tool 15 whereas the liner 16 remains stationary to thereby permit it to be anchored in the well bore by expanding the seal 24 with the hammer and anvil arrangement described. Moreover, while running the tool into the well bore, it is necessary to impart suitable rotation and washing to clear the sand in the well bore and an apparatus has been described permitting the tubing string and tool to rotate jointly when rotating in one direction, but the same means provides a means of disconnection of the tool 15 from the liner 16 when it has finally been installed.

Reviewing the description to this point further, it will be noted that the mandrel 21 reciprocates independently of the liner l6 and this difference in function should be kept in mind hereinafter in describing the remaining portions of the tool.

Returning now to a description of the remaining portions of the tool, it will be noted that the mandrel 21 supports a pair of clutch lift keys 33 as shown in FIG. 1. These keys are adapted to pass through the nut 28 which is provided with the additional keyway slots as shown in FIG. 4, but lift the clutch on retrieving the tool. The nut 28 is lifted by a shoulder 34 at the lower end of the mandrel 21.

Inasmuch as the liner l6 permits fluid to reenter the tool, the numeral 36 broadly indicates a means for excluding the washed sand from the interior of the liner 16. The mandrel 21 is made of several joints, and includes a coupling 35 at the shoulder 34. An upwardly facing packer-cup assembly 37 and a downwardly facing packer-cup assembly 38, the assemblies being symmetrical, are supported at a particular location on the mandrel 21. The

packer assemblies

37 and 38 engage the inner wall of the liner 16 to thereby prevent the washed sand from passing internally of the liner 16 upwardly of the tool. The

packer assemblies

37 and 38 are held in position in a conventional manner below the coupling 35. Since the mandrel 21 is normally of substantial length in the preferred embodiment, it is likely formed of several pieces of tubing. Again, a coupling 39 is shown just below the

packers

37 and 38 to provide fora total required length of the mandrel 21.

In FIG. 2 the liner 16 is shown threaded at its lower end into a nipple 40 which provides the connection with the screen 17. The screen 17 is preferably welded or otherwise joined to the nipple 40 which is then threaded to the liner 16.

As shown in FIG. 2, the mandrel 21 includes a coupling 43 at the top end of a polished tubing member 44. The polished tubing member 44 is of measurable length and extends into a slip joint means indicated generally at 45. The slip joint means 45 is connected to a larger diameter tubing member 46, the tubing 44 being sufiiciently smaller to permit it to slide within the tubing member 46.

THe slip joint means 45 incorporates a packing 46, preferably formed of Teflon or some other suitable resilient material having a low friction surface. The packing 46 abuts a shoulder 47 of a tubular member, a packing gland pin 48 securing the packing material 46 within the tubular member.

The polished tubing member 44 passes through the packing gland 45 and includes an enlarged shoulder or upset on the lower end at 49. The enlarged shoulder 49 cannot be pulled through the packing gland. The enlarged shoulder is locked against upward movement but is free to slide downwardly within the tubing member 46 to thereby defined the slip joint. Communication of fluid through the connection between the

tubular members

44 and 46 is prevented by the packing apparatus. The tubing member 44 telescopes within the cylindrical member 46 to accommodate reciprocating motion of substantial length. By way of example, the preferred embodiment permits telescoping of in excess of l5 feet to thereby materially reciprocate the hammer and anvil arrangement described. Moreover, telescoping of this measurable length will accommodate the installation of a sleeve and liner which is somewhat shorter than the one shown in the drawings. For instance, a liner 5 feet shorter is accommodated by merely telescoping the tubing members as described above,. The slip joint also permits rotation to the extent this is required, and more will be noted concerning this hereinafter.

The numeral 50 indicates a sand bit secured at the lower end of the tool. The sand bit is a conventional item bought from any one of a number of suppliers. The sand bit is installed on a tubular sleeve 51 which interconnects with the screen 17. As will be appreciated, the tubular sleeve 51 is joined to the screen in a suitable manner. The tubular member 46 which comprises a portion of the mandrel 21 extending the full length of the tool terminates in a shearpin coupling means 52. The coupling means 52 is preferably formed at the lower end of the mandrel and provides a point of support for the sand bit 50 and a valve structure as will be described. The coupling 52 is provided with a valve seat member 53 which is joined to the coupling 52 by a shearpin 54. The valve seat member is threaded to the sand bit 50 and associated sleeve 51. A suitable O-ring 55 in an encircling recess seals the valve seat memberagainst leakage past its connection with the shearpin coupling member 52. The valve seat member 53 provides an internal shoulder for a coil spring 56 which bears on a snapring 57 carried on the stem of a valve member 58.

The valve member 58 is pressed upwardly as shown in FIG. 2 whereby it is seated in the seat member 53 to seal off against axial communication through the lower portions of the oil tool 15. A path of communication is provided through the mandrel 21 along the valve stem 51 and through the valve seat member which is perforated at a number of locations as indicated at 59. The perforations 59 permit the fluid to flow through the tool on forcing the valve 58 from its seat. When the valve 58 is forced open, access is obtained to a chamber 60 which communicates the drilling fluid through the sand bit 50 to wash and jet away the sand accumulated in the well bore.

In operation, the drill portion of the tool 15 is forced into the accumulated sand in a well when the tool is lowered into the well and the drill is rotated to advance the sand bit 50 into the sand. Fluid is pumped through the tubing string 12 and passes through the mandrel 21, the full length of the tool, and acts on the valve 58. The spring 56 is overcome and the valve 58 is opened from the valve seat 53. When the valve is opened, fluid communication through the length of the tool is provided to the sand bit and the drilling action of the sand bit is measurably enhanced by the washing of the sand by the fluid flow. It will be understood that the rate of flow is subject to variation, but the washing action materially aids the tool in penetrating a sanded well bore.

The foregoing, of course, describes operation of the present invention, wherein the means for sealing the liner 16 to the cased well bore has been considered. As was described at that point, the use of the present invention involves rotation and reciprocation of the tubing string.

The reciprocation is to utilize the hammer and anvil arrangement to expand the lead seal 24 as previously described. The reciprocation is accommodated in the lower portions of the tool which remain stationery in the well bore at the slip joint means shown in H6. .2. The sealing means 45 connecting the small diameter tubing 44 with the slightly larger diameter tubing 46 permits the up and down movement or reciprocation of the tool. As the tubing string is reciprocated, the pipe 44 reciprocates upwardly and downwardly but the lower portions of the tool remain stationary.

Operation of the valve in conjunction with the sand bit 50 should likewise be considered. On the presence of drilling fluid in the mandrel 21, the pressure acts against the valve member 58 to force it open from the valve seat 53. This provides a path of communication to the sand bit 50 as noted above. THe fluid is of great assistance in forcing the drill bit into a sanded well bore in that the fluid washes away the sand particles and carries them to the wellhead. When the pressure is reduced, the valve closes and prevents backflow in the system.

Attention is next directed to FIGS. 5 and 6 jointly which show the installed liner and sand screen in the well bore. At the upper portions of the well bore, the lead seal is shown expanded and wedged against the case of the well bore 10. As will be appreciated, the lead flows inwardly andbutwardly. The seal is thus firmly joined to the upper portions of the liner l6 and the casing to define a leak-proof structurally reliable seal of high quality. Briefly, the expanded seal provides a fluidtight joinder of the liner to the casing and moreover, provides an adequate structural support for the weight appended thereto. While other suitable malleable metals are known, lead is the preferred metal in that it is not normally desirable to make the mechanical joint excessively strong. Of course, other metals may be used under different circumstances. The liner 16 extends indefinitely to the coupling 40 which then connects to the sand screen 17. As previously mentioned, the sand screen varies greatly in length, fineness of screen wire, and other details which are clearly dependent on the geology of the particular well.

The lower portions of the installed apparatus includes the tubular coupling 51 which is at the bottom of the screen 17. It supports the sand bit 50 which is left in the well bore. It will be noted that only a remnant of the shearpin 54 remains with the valve and valve seat remaining intact. It will be recalled that the valve is communicated with the mandrel 21 when the tool is assembled with the screen, but retrieval of the mandrel leaves the valve and valve mechanism in the well bore.

The foregoing has been directed to a description of the preferred embodiment and its operation. As will be appreciated, numerous variations can be implemented in the present invention. The present invention is summarized as providing a retrievable tool adapted to be run on a tubing string in a sanded well bore for the purpose of setting a liner and screen. The tool permits the sand bit to be advanced through the sanded well bore to a desired elevation. Once the tool is located, the screen and liner are installed by fonning a permanent seal and connective support between the liner and the casing. v

The terminology adopted in the forgoing is hereby adopted for the claims appended hereto.

What we claim is:

1. Apparatus adapted for screening well bores and comprising:

a. a body member adapted to be coupled to a pipe string for movement to a selected position within a well casing; b. a tubular screen member arranged below said body member; 7

c. coupling means operatively coupling said members together for selective movements of said body member in relation to said screen member,

d. first means adapted for fixing said screen member at a selected position within a well casing and including at least one impact-deformable element adapted for outward deformation into contact with a well casing, and means operatively securing said deformable element to said screen member; and,

. second means operable upon said selective movements of said body member in relation to said screen member for hammering said deformable element outwardly into frictional engagement with an adjacent surface of a well casmg.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said deformable element is a ring of a malleable material, said ring being sized so as to be permanently deformed into engagement with a well casing.

3. The apparatus of claim l wherein said body member iri-v cludes a depending extension extended through said screen member and has a flow passage therein adapted for conducting fluids circulated through a pipe string coupled to said body member; and wherein said first means further include a bit dependently coupled to said depending extension below said screen member for cutting through sand as said apparatus is moved into a well bore and fluids are circulated through said flow passage to said bit.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said coupling means include spline-and-groove means adapted for permitting selective longitudinal movements of said members in relation to one another; and said second means include anvil-andhammer means operable upon said selective longitudinal movements to enable said deformable element to be hammered outwardly upon repeated longitudinal movements of said body member in relation to said screen member.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said coupling means include spline-and-groove means adapted for permitting selective longitudinal movements of said members in relation to one another; said second means include anvil-and-hammer means operable upon said selective longitudinal movements to enable said deformable element to be hammered outwardly upon repeated longitudinal movements of said body member in relation to said screen member, and said coupling means further include thread means adapted for permitting said members to be selectively uncoupled upon rotation of said body member in relation to said screen member.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said deformable element is a ring of malleable material, said ring being sized so as to be permanently deformed into engagement with a well casing.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said body member includes a depending extension extended through said screen member and has a flow passage therein adapted for conducting fluids circulated through a pipe string coupled to said body member; and wherein said first means further include a bit dependently coupled to said depending .extension below said screen member'for cutting through sand as said apparatus is moved into a well bore and fluids are circulated through said flow passage to said bit.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said deformable element is a ring of a malleable material, said ring being sized so as to be permanently deformed into engagement with a well casing.

Claims

1. Apparatus adapted for screening well bores and comprising: a. a body member adapted to be coupled to a pipe string for movement to a selected position within a well casing; b. a tubular screen member arranged below said body member; c. coupling means operatively coupling said members together for selective movements of said body member in relation to said screen member; d. first means adapted for fixing said screen member at a selected position within a well casing and including at least one impact-deformable element adapted for outward deformation into contact with a well casing, and means operatively securing said deformable element to said screen member; and, e. second means operable upon said selective movements of said body member in relation to said screen member for hammering said deformable element outwardly into frictional engagement with an adjacent surface of a well casing.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said body member includes a depending extension extended through said screen member and has a flow passage therein adapted for conducting fluids circulated through a pipe string coupled to said body member; and wherein said first means further include a bit dependently coupled to said depending extension below said screen member for cutting through sand as said apparatus is moved into a well bore and fluids are circulated through said flow passage to said bit.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said coupling means include spline-and-groove means adapted for permitting selective longitudinal movements of said members in relation to one another; and said second means include anvil-and-hammer means operable upon said selective longitudinal movements to enable said deformable element to be hammered outwardly upon repeated longitudinal movements of said body member in relation to said screen member.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said body member includes a depending extension extended through said screen member and has a flow passage therein adapted for conducting fluids circulated through a pipe string coupled to said body member; and wherein said first means further include a bit dependently coupled to said depending extension below said screen member for cutting through sand as said apparatus is moved into a well bore and fluids are circulated through said flow passage to said bit.