US3585505A - Train-to-wayside communication system using trackside conductors - Google Patents

Train-to-wayside communication system using trackside conductors Download PDF

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US3585505A
US3585505A US778406A US3585505DA US3585505A US 3585505 A US3585505 A US 3585505A US 778406 A US778406 A US 778406A US 3585505D A US3585505D A US 3585505DA US 3585505 A US3585505 A US 3585505A
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conductor
transmission line
insulated
train
wayside
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US778406A
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Harry Heggie Ogilvy
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British Railways Board
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British Railways Board
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. to release brake, to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/16—Continuous control along the route
    • B61L3/22—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation
    • B61L3/225—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation using separate conductors along the route
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L13/00—Operation of signals from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle
    • B61L13/04—Operation of signals from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track, e.g. by conductor circuits using special means or special conductors
    • B61L13/047—Operation of signals from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track, e.g. by conductor circuits using special means or special conductors controlling inductively or magnetically

Definitions

  • This invention relates to wayside communication systems for moving trains in which an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween. More particularly the invention relates to such wayside communication systems of the kind having an open wire transmission line carrying the required information in the form of electric currents which produce the magnetic field for the inductive coupling or which are induced therein by reason of this magnetic field, said open wire transmission line comprising at least one insulated conductor extending along the track rails and either a further insulated conductor or a rail of track.
  • the transmission line in a wayside communication system of this kind is normally laid at ground level, and when it comprises two insulated conductors is laid for example on the sleepers and between the rails, the conductors being spaced for example at approximately 30 cm. apart; the conductors are insulated sufficiently to permit free space conditions to be assumed under favorable ground conditions.
  • the object of this invention is to maintain the attenuation and characteristic impedance at a substantially constant value under all ground conditions.
  • each insulated conductor has a further electrically conductive member extending closely adjacent to it and arranged not to interfere substantially with said inductive coupling, the conductive member associated with one insulated conductor being short circuited to the conductive member associated with the other insulated conductor.
  • the conductive member associated with each of said insulated conductors may comprise a metal sheathing for the insulated conductor, the sheathing of at least one of the conductors being in sections insulated from each other. Both said sheathings may be in sections insulated from each other and the sections of the sheathing of one conductor are then preferably each short circuited with the nearest section of the sheathing of the other conductor.
  • in wayside communication system of the kind hereinbefore described and having an open wire transmission line comprising an insulated conductor and a rail of the track
  • said insulated conductor has a conductive element extending closely adjacent to it and arranged not to interfere substantially with said inductive coupling, said conductive member being short circuited to said rail.
  • FIG. 1 is a typical arrangement of wayside conductors
  • FIG. 2 is the equivalent circuit thereof
  • FIG. 3, 4 and 5 are further equivalent circuits to facilitate the understanding of the theoretical considerations of the wayside conductors under certain track conditions.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are two arrangements of the wayside conductors in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. I shows one conventional arrangement of open wire transmission line comprising wayside conductors A and B spaced 30 cms. apart and laid along the track on the sleepers S, the object being to produce a vertical electromagnetic field H, at point X, for example 30 cm. above sleeper level. Conversely a field may be radiated from X to induce current in the transmission line.
  • Each conductor A, B has a central conducting core 1 surrounded by insulation 2.
  • FIG. 2 An equivalent circuit of a longitudinal element of the transmission line assuming free space conditions is shown in FIG. 2; attenuation may be calculated in accordance with normal theory, losses being due to l R, and V /R In practical operating conditions however, ground losses occur and in extreme conditions both conductors may be covered by snow or water. These conditions can be described, approximately, by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3.
  • the transmission line capacitance C (FIG. I) is no longer that associated with conductor spacing but is determined principally by the insulation thickness and permittivity represented by capacitance C, and C in FIG. 3; capacitance C can be neglected for the purpose of this description and the equivalent circuit is then given by FIG. 4, or FIG.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are shown two ways in which this effect can be achieved using a transmission line comprising two insulated conductors A, B.
  • Each conductor A, B of FIGS. 6, corresponds to conductors A and B of FIG. I in having a conducting core I and insulation 2.
  • each conductor A, B is provided with a thin metal sheath 3 in the manner of a coaxial cable.
  • the metal sheath 3 of each conductor is divided into sections 3, 3" etc. insulated from each other and a sheath section of one conductor is short circuited to the adjacent sheath section of the other conductor by connections 4.
  • the conductors A", B" again corresponding to conductors A and B in having conducting cores 1 and insulation 2, are provided with a metal sheath but only the sheath 3 of conductor A" is in insulated sections 3', 3" etc.
  • the conductor B" in this arrangement has a continuous sheath 3. If desired the conductor B may be used as an independent coaxial transmission line.
  • the open wire transmission line comprises an insulated conductor and one rail of the track
  • this will correspond to the FIG. 7 arrangement, except that the conductor B" together with its sheath 3 will be replaced by one rail of the track.
  • the sheathing of each of the conductors can be replaced by an auxiliary conductor wire running in the insulation and which is split up into insulated sections in like manner to the sheaths in FIG. 6.
  • the auxiliary wire of one conductor is, as in the case of the metal sheaths described above, short circuited with the auxiliary wire of the other conductor. This provides a compromise solution of the same problem.
  • said open wire transmission line comprising a pair of insulated conductors each having a metal sheathing
  • each conductor being in sections insulated from each other and each section of sheathing of one conductor being short circuited to a section of sheathing of the other conductor.
  • a train-wayside communication system for moving trains wherein an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween,
  • said system including an open wire transmission line extending along the track for carrying said information in the form of electric currents which produce a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to said train and alternatively have electric currents induced therein by reason of a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to the wayside,
  • said open wire transmission line comprising an insulated conductor together with one rail of the track
  • said insulated conductor having a metal sheathing which is in sections insulated from each other

Abstract

A track communication system for moving trains, has an open wire transmission line extending along the track comprising two insulated conductors, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line being maintained substantially constant by the presence of a sectionalized conductor adjacent one of the insulated conductors each section of which is short circuited to a conductor adjacent the other insulated conductor of the transmission line. In an alternative embodiment, one insulated conductor of the transmission line is replaced by a rail of the track to which each section of the sectionalized conductor is short circuited.

Description

United States Patent 11113,585,505
[72] Inventor Harry Ileggie Ogilvy I561 References Cited Birmingham, England UNITED STATES PATENTS [21] P 2.150.857 3/1939 Edwards 340/48 x [221 Filed 15, 1968 3,466,551 9/1969 Bigelowv. 325/51 ux [45] 1971 3 470 474 9/1969 Rohrer 325/28 x [73] Assignee British Railways Board L d E l d Pnmarv Examiner-Robert L. Griffin [32] Priority Jan. 15, 1968 Assistant ExaminerR, S. Bell 3 3] Great B i i AttorneySommers & Young [31] 202l68 [54] TRAIN-TO-WAYSIDE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING TRACKSIDE CONDUCTORS 2 Claims, 7 Drawing Figs.
179/82, 325/28, 340/47 [51] lnt.Cl H04b 13/00 [50] Field of Search 325/28, 29,
TRAIN-TO-WAYSIDE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING TRACKSIDE CONDUCTORS- This invention relates to wayside communication systems for moving trains in which an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween. More particularly the invention relates to such wayside communication systems of the kind having an open wire transmission line carrying the required information in the form of electric currents which produce the magnetic field for the inductive coupling or which are induced therein by reason of this magnetic field, said open wire transmission line comprising at least one insulated conductor extending along the track rails and either a further insulated conductor or a rail of track.
The transmission line in a wayside communication system of this kind is normally laid at ground level, and when it comprises two insulated conductors is laid for example on the sleepers and between the rails, the conductors being spaced for example at approximately 30 cm. apart; the conductors are insulated sufficiently to permit free space conditions to be assumed under favorable ground conditions.
When ground conditions deteriorate, for example as a result of snow, heavy rain or flooding, free space conditions are no longer assumable; hence increased attenuation is experienced and a variation in characteristic impedance occurs. These in turn lead to a reduction in the signal level, which, unless the transmitter operates at a sufficiently high power level, can result in a loss of communication.
The object of this invention is to maintain the attenuation and characteristic impedance at a substantially constant value under all ground conditions.
According to one aspect of the invention, in a wayside communication system of the kind hereinbefore described and having an open wire transmission line comprising a pair of insulated conductors, each insulated conductor has a further electrically conductive member extending closely adjacent to it and arranged not to interfere substantially with said inductive coupling, the conductive member associated with one insulated conductor being short circuited to the conductive member associated with the other insulated conductor. The conductive member associated with each of said insulated conductors may comprise a metal sheathing for the insulated conductor, the sheathing of at least one of the conductors being in sections insulated from each other. Both said sheathings may be in sections insulated from each other and the sections of the sheathing of one conductor are then preferably each short circuited with the nearest section of the sheathing of the other conductor.
According to another aspect of the invention, in wayside communication system of the kind hereinbefore described and having an open wire transmission line comprising an insulated conductor and a rail of the track, said insulated conductor has a conductive element extending closely adjacent to it and arranged not to interfere substantially with said inductive coupling, said conductive member being short circuited to said rail.
The invention will now be further explained with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a typical arrangement of wayside conductors,
FIG. 2 is the equivalent circuit thereof,
FIG. 3, 4 and 5 are further equivalent circuits to facilitate the understanding of the theoretical considerations of the wayside conductors under certain track conditions, and
FIGS. 6 and 7 are two arrangements of the wayside conductors in accordance with the invention. FIG. I shows one conventional arrangement of open wire transmission line comprising wayside conductors A and B spaced 30 cms. apart and laid along the track on the sleepers S, the object being to produce a vertical electromagnetic field H, at point X, for example 30 cm. above sleeper level. Conversely a field may be radiated from X to induce current in the transmission line. Each conductor A, B has a central conducting core 1 surrounded by insulation 2.
An equivalent circuit of a longitudinal element of the transmission line assuming free space conditions is shown in FIG. 2; attenuation may be calculated in accordance with normal theory, losses being due to l R, and V /R In practical operating conditions however, ground losses occur and in extreme conditions both conductors may be covered by snow or water. These conditions can be described, approximately, by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3. The transmission line capacitance C (FIG. I) is no longer that associated with conductor spacing but is determined principally by the insulation thickness and permittivity represented by capacitance C, and C in FIG. 3; capacitance C can be neglected for the purpose of this description and the equivalent circuit is then given by FIG. 4, or FIG. 5, where capacitance C, in combination with leakage conductance G is the parallel equivalent of capacitance C /Z and resistance R When the increased losses due to ground conditions are significant, the current through resistance R; is determined by capacitance C /Z since this predominates and is essentially constant. Thus if resistance R (FIG. 4) is made zero, i.e. leakage conductance G (FIG. 5) is zero, the loss due to leakage V 6 is zero.
In FIGS. 6 and 7 are shown two ways in which this effect can be achieved using a transmission line comprising two insulated conductors A, B. Each conductor A, B of FIGS. 6, corresponds to conductors A and B of FIG. I in having a conducting core I and insulation 2. Additionally each conductor A, B is provided with a thin metal sheath 3 in the manner of a coaxial cable. The metal sheath 3 of each conductor is divided into sections 3, 3" etc. insulated from each other and a sheath section of one conductor is short circuited to the adjacent sheath section of the other conductor by connections 4. Thus the condition of conductance G being zero is achieved and since the sheath sections are insulated from each other the circulation of a screen current is prevented. Therefore, since this arrangement is virtually identical to a transmission line of the open wire type, the electromagnetic field at X (FIGQI) is essentially similar. Furthermore the increase in capacitance caused by the conductive sheaths 3, which are short circuited, reduces the characteristic impedance 2,. Thus the power requirement is essentially lower than that needed for the open wire transmission line shown in FIG. 1 and correspondingly, significant savings in terms of transmitting and receiving equipment is possible.
In FIG. 7 the conductors A", B" again corresponding to conductors A and B in having conducting cores 1 and insulation 2, are provided with a metal sheath but only the sheath 3 of conductor A" is in insulated sections 3', 3" etc. The conductor B" in this arrangement has a continuous sheath 3. If desired the conductor B may be used as an independent coaxial transmission line.
In the case where the open wire transmission line comprises an insulated conductor and one rail of the track, this will correspond to the FIG. 7 arrangement, except that the conductor B" together with its sheath 3 will be replaced by one rail of the track.
In a modification of the arrangements of FIGS. 6 and 7, the sheathing of each of the conductors can be replaced by an auxiliary conductor wire running in the insulation and which is split up into insulated sections in like manner to the sheaths in FIG. 6. The auxiliary wire of one conductor is, as in the case of the metal sheaths described above, short circuited with the auxiliary wire of the other conductor. This provides a compromise solution of the same problem.
lclaim:
l. A train-wayside communication system for moving trains wherein an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween, said system including,
an open wire transmission line extending along the track for carrying said information in the form of electric currents which produce a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to said train and alternatively have electric currents induced therein by reason of a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to the wayside,
said open wire transmission line comprising a pair of insulated conductors each having a metal sheathing,
the sheathing of each conductor being in sections insulated from each other and each section of sheathing of one conductor being short circuited to a section of sheathing of the other conductor.
2. A train-wayside communication system for moving trains wherein an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween,
said system including an open wire transmission line extending along the track for carrying said information in the form of electric currents which produce a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to said train and alternatively have electric currents induced therein by reason of a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to the wayside,
said open wire transmission line comprising an insulated conductor together with one rail of the track,
said insulated conductor having a metal sheathing which is in sections insulated from each other,
the sections of said sheathing being short circuited to the rail.

Claims (2)

1. A train-wayside communication system for moving trains wherein an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween, said system including, an open wire transmission line extending along the track for carrying said information in the form of electric currents which produce a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to said train and alternatively have electric currents induced therein by reason of a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to the wayside, said open wire transmission line comprising a pair of insulated conductors each having a metal sheathing, the sheathing of each conductor being in sections insulated from each other and each section of sheathing of one conductor being short circuited to a section of sheathing of the other conductor.
2. A train-wayside communication system for moving trains wherein an inductive coupling is established between the wayside and train for conveying information therebetween, said system including an open wire transmission line extending along the track for carrying said information in the form of electric currents which produce a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to said train and alternatively have electric currents induced therein by reason of a magnetic field for the inductive coupling of said information to the wayside, said open wire transmission line comprising an insulated conductor together with one rail of the track, said insulated conductor having a metal sheathing which is in sections insulated from each other, the sections of said sheathing being short circuited to the rail.
US778406A 1968-01-15 1968-11-25 Train-to-wayside communication system using trackside conductors Expired - Lifetime US3585505A (en)

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GB2062/68A GB1206811A (en) 1968-01-15 1968-01-15 Improvements relating to track communication systems for moving trains

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JP (1) JPS4919368B1 (en)
AT (1) AT296382B (en)
BE (1) BE724349A (en)
CH (1) CH491776A (en)
DE (1) DE1812489A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1593257A (en)
GB (1) GB1206811A (en)
NL (1) NL6817565A (en)
SE (1) SE340632B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896380A (en) * 1972-05-26 1975-07-22 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Radiating line transmission system
US3979674A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Radiating telecommunication systems
US3979673A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Radiating telecommunication systems switching
US4012662A (en) * 1975-03-07 1977-03-15 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Communication system between a transmitter, receiver station and a mobile station utilizing unidirectional amplifiers between parallel radiated transmission lines
US4066993A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-01-03 Western Geophysical Company Of America Limited-range seismic control system
US4165487A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-08-21 Corderman Roy C Low power system and method for communicating audio information to patrons having portable radio receivers
US4449685A (en) * 1980-07-07 1984-05-22 Jeumont Schneider Corporation Coupling for inducing a current in the rails of a railroad track
US6314272B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2001-11-06 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Radio frequency broadcast system for enclosed spaces
CN103634056A (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-12 成都理工大学 Railway communication technology implemented in sudden disaster backgrounds during tunnel operation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5132453U (en) * 1974-08-06 1976-03-10
JPS5217949U (en) * 1975-07-25 1977-02-08

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2150857A (en) * 1937-02-18 1939-03-14 Gen Railway Signal Co Continuous inductive cab signaling and train control system
US3466551A (en) * 1966-12-01 1969-09-09 Warner Lambert Co Null detector employing a product detector therein
US3470474A (en) * 1966-12-23 1969-09-30 Donald E Bilger Underground radio communication system for highways

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2150857A (en) * 1937-02-18 1939-03-14 Gen Railway Signal Co Continuous inductive cab signaling and train control system
US3466551A (en) * 1966-12-01 1969-09-09 Warner Lambert Co Null detector employing a product detector therein
US3470474A (en) * 1966-12-23 1969-09-30 Donald E Bilger Underground radio communication system for highways

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896380A (en) * 1972-05-26 1975-07-22 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Radiating line transmission system
US3979674A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Radiating telecommunication systems
US3979673A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Radiating telecommunication systems switching
US4012662A (en) * 1975-03-07 1977-03-15 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Communication system between a transmitter, receiver station and a mobile station utilizing unidirectional amplifiers between parallel radiated transmission lines
US4066993A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-01-03 Western Geophysical Company Of America Limited-range seismic control system
US4165487A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-08-21 Corderman Roy C Low power system and method for communicating audio information to patrons having portable radio receivers
US4449685A (en) * 1980-07-07 1984-05-22 Jeumont Schneider Corporation Coupling for inducing a current in the rails of a railroad track
US6314272B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2001-11-06 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Radio frequency broadcast system for enclosed spaces
CN103634056A (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-12 成都理工大学 Railway communication technology implemented in sudden disaster backgrounds during tunnel operation
CN103634056B (en) * 2013-12-06 2016-06-29 成都理工大学 Rail communication technology under tunneling sudden disaster background

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FR1593257A (en) 1970-05-25
JPS4919368B1 (en) 1974-05-17
NL6817565A (en) 1969-07-17
CH491776A (en) 1970-06-15
DE1812489A1 (en) 1969-08-07
AT296382B (en) 1972-02-10
GB1206811A (en) 1970-09-30
SE340632B (en) 1971-11-29
BE724349A (en) 1969-05-02

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